At the opening ceremony of the road section Crimean bridge. The head of state got acquainted with the readiness of the Unified Traffic Control Center and all operational services to operate the transport crossing. Car traffic on the bridge will start on May 16.
The Crimean Bridge will connect the Kerch Peninsula (Crimea) with the Taman Peninsula ( Krasnodar region). It will ensure uninterrupted transport links Crimea with mainland Russia. The bridge begins on the Taman Peninsula, runs along the existing five-kilometer dam and Tuzla Island, crosses the Kerch Strait, skirting Cape Ak-Burun from the north, and reaches the Crimean coast. The transport crossing consists of parallel road and railway routes. Pedestrian areas and there are no bicycle paths.
Story
The railway bridge across the Kerch Strait was first built during the Great Patriotic War. In the fall of 1944, it was erected by Soviet military engineers in 150 days. The bridge connected the Krasnodar coast near the Chushka spit with the Crimean coast near the village of Zhukovka. The structure, 4.5 km long and 22 m wide, consisted of 115 spans and a device for passing ships. On February 18, 1945, the bridge was destroyed by a powerful ice drift from Sea of Azov. Instead of a bridge crossing, on September 22, 1954, a ferry crossing across the Kerch Strait began operating (Krasnodar port "Caucasus" - port "Crimea").
Since the late 1990s, the idea of building a combined automobile- railway bridge crossing the strait was actively discussed by the Russian and Ukrainian authorities. In February 2014, after a violent change of power in Ukraine, negotiations were terminated. In March of the same year, Crimea was reunited with Russia. The main transport corridor connecting the peninsula with the mainland of the Russian Federation remained the Kerch ferry crossing.
On March 19, 2014, Russian President Vladimir Putin set the Russian Ministry of Transport the task of building a bridge across the strait in two versions - road and rail. Of the several proposed projects, the most optimal was considered to be the one that provided for construction not in the narrowest section of the strait, like the bridge built in 1944, but to the south - from the Taman Peninsula to Kerch via Tuzla Island. In August 2014, Russian President Vladimir Putin approved the design documentation for the construction of a bridge crossing with a highway and electrified railway tracks.
Project implementers
The customer of the project was the federal government agency "Office of Federal highways"Taman" of the Federal Road Agency of the Russian Federation. In accordance with the government order dated January 30, 2015, Stroygazmontazh LLC (part of the SGM group of companies Arkady Rotenberg) was identified as the general contractor for the work. The bridge construction project is managed by Stroygazmontazh-Most LLC.
Almost 220 Russian enterprises are involved in the construction of the bridge; construction is carried out by more than 30 bridge crews, more than 10 thousand workers and over 1.5 thousand engineering and technical specialists.
Main technical characteristics
- The total length of the bridge is 19 km (it will become the longest in Russia);
- four-lane highway(two lanes in each direction) with a total capacity of up to 40 thousand cars per day;
- the permitted speed on the highway for cars is 90 km/h;
- two railway tracks with a capacity of up to 47 pairs of trains per day;
- the permitted speed of passenger trains is 90 km/h, freight trains are 80 km/h;
- capacity - 14 million passengers and 13 million tons of cargo per year;
- For navigation, arched spans 35 m high are provided.
The transport transition project also includes the construction of railway and road infrastructure on both banks of the Kerch Strait. More than 100 km of road and railway approaches are being built.
Railway approaches to the bridge from the side Krasnodar region and Crimea - these are roads with a length of 40 and 17.5 km. They will be put into operation in 2019, simultaneously with the railway part of the crossing.
Financing
The cost of the state contract for the design and construction of the bridge (the costs of the contractor Stroygazmontazh LLC) was approved in the amount of 223 billion 143 million rubles in the prices of the corresponding years. The total cost of construction will be 227.922 billion rubles. Work is carried out only at the expense of funds federal budget within the framework of the federal target program "Socio-economic development of the Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol until 2020".
Bridge name
Until the end of 2017, there was no transport crossing through the Kerch Strait official name. The question about the name of the future bridge was asked to Russian President Vladimir Putin at a large press conference on December 23, 2016. In response, the head of state proposed to find out the opinion of Russians through a survey.
On November 16, 2017, a vote started on the nazovimost.rf website, during which users were asked to choose a name for the bridge. The five most popular options were submitted for consideration: Crimean, Kerch, Tuzlinsky, Friendship Bridge and Reunion Bridge. Voting participants could also propose their own name.
Construction stages
By the end of 2015, the infrastructure necessary for construction was created on both sides of the Kerch Strait. To ensure transport connections with offshore areas, temporary working bridges were erected from which operations were carried out. technological work in the waters of the strait. In October 2015, the first working bridge, 1.2 km long, connected the Taman Peninsula and Tuzla. Two more (1.8 and 2 km long) - towards each other from Kerch and Tuzla Island - were put into operation in the summer of 2016. On March 18 of the same year, Russian President Vladimir Putin visited the construction site for the first time.
On March 10, 2016, builders began the construction of pile foundations for the supports of the Kerch Bridge on land, and on May 17 - on the offshore sections.
In mid-June 2017, the assembly of the navigable arch of the railway part of the bridge was completed (weight - about 6 thousand tons, consists of more than 400 large elements). The railway span is a combination of a span with through main trusses and an arch. Installation of the arch began on August 27, 2017. It was delivered to the transport crossing by a special floating system, then the lifting of the structure onto the fairway supports began. On August 29, the railway arch span was raised to its design height. Naval operation in transportation and lifting of the arch became unique for Russian bridge construction. According to the construction information center, arched spans with such dimensions have not yet been installed in marine conditions.
At the end of July 2017, the assembly of the road part of the bridge was completed on the Kerch bank (weight - about 5.5 thousand tons, consists of almost 200 large elements). Arched span structures are the largest elements of the Crimean Bridge, the length of each is 227 m, the height of the arch is highest point- 45 m. On October 11, 2017, the operation to transport the road arch began. On October 12, the arched span was lifted onto fairway supports and secured. Once installed, it ensured the unhindered passage of ships through a free space 185 m wide and 35 m high from sea level.
On February 2, 2017, construction of the spans between the offshore supports of the crossing began. By the beginning of 2018, almost all the piles for the road and railway parts of the future bridge had been installed - more than 6.5 thousand pieces. In some areas, the depth of their immersion reached 105 m, which corresponds to the height of a 35-story building. More than 130 thousand of almost 250 thousand tons of metal structures of span structures have been assembled.
By the end of April 2018, the builders had completely completed laying the asphalt concrete pavement on the road part of the transport crossing and carried out static and dynamic tests of this part of the bridge. At the beginning of May, the construction customer, the Taman Federal Highway Administration, accepted the road part of the Crimean Bridge to complete preparations for the opening of traffic.
Opening of traffic on the bridge
The opening of working vehicle traffic on the bridge was planned in December 2018, the start of temporary operation of the railway line in December 2019.
In a number of areas, work was carried out ahead of schedule. On March 14, 2018, Russian President Vladimir Putin, who visited the construction site, did not rule out that vehicle traffic would be opened earlier than planned. At the same time, the head of the Stroygazmontazh company, Arkady Rotenberg, said that the builders would be ready to hand over the automotive part of the facility after May 9, 2018.
The Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation is considering a step-by-step scheme for organizing traffic along the automobile part of the crossing of the Kerch Strait. At the first stage - in May 2018 - the passage will be open to passenger vehicles and passenger buses. The start of regular freight traffic is scheduled for the end of 2018.
According to information center"Crimean Bridge", traffic for motorists will be opened on May 16 at 05:30 Moscow time simultaneously from both banks of the Kerch Strait. At the same time, the entrance to the road approaches to the bridge from the Taman and Kerch peninsulas will be opened an hour before the official start of traffic. From the side of the Krasnodar Territory it leads to the bridge federal highway A-290 to the junction with the new road on the Taman Peninsula, then 40 km along the road approach to the bridge. From the Crimea side, traffic starts from the junction on the existing Simferopol - Kerch highway and then 8.6 km to the transport crossing.
The Crimean Bridge is a major infrastructure project of the Russian Federation.
The bridge passes through the Kerch Strait and connects the Crimean peninsula with mainland Russia, with the Krasnodar Territory.
Putting the bridge into explantation has truly sacred significance for our country. It marks the unity of Russia and Crimea. Every resident of our country has dreamed of this road since the events of 2014.
Why was the Crimean Bridge built?
The Crimean Bridge was built to simplify and build new logistics connections between the regions of Russia and the republic. Operation of the bridge solves logistics problems and gives a powerful boost economic development Crimea. The issues of supplying the region with necessary goods, equipment, and sales have been resolved finished products from the region. Prices for goods in the region will become lower as supply chains become cheaper.
The work of the bridge will also significantly boost the economy of Taman, which is practically becoming a suburb of the city of Kerch. Surely new production, housing and logistics centers will appear near the bridge. After the bridge is put into operation, we can expect rapid growth of the Crimean economy in agriculture, ship repair and shipbuilding, chemical industry.
Crimean Bridge photo
The tourism sector should also be highlighted. Logistics accessibility and lower prices for goods and services can spur domestic tourism to growth.
Length of the Crimean Bridge
The length of the Crimean Bridge is 19 kilometers.
Cost of the Crimean Bridge
The total cost of the Crimean Bridge was 227.92 billion rubles.
Opening of the Crimean Bridge
The Crimean Bridge was opened earlier than planned. It was planned that the first cars would cross the bridge on December 18, 2018. But the opening took place on May 15, 2018. The facility was solemnly opened by Russian President Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin himself, driving across the bridge in a KAMAZ. The opening ceremony of the bridge was broadcast on Channel One and Rossiya 24. The railway bridge is scheduled to open on December 1, 2019.
Crimean Bridge characteristics
The bridge is unique not only for Russia, but also for the world. The bridge consists of two parallel roads - a road and a railway. The length of the bridge is 19 kilometers. Part of the route passes along the existing dam and the island of Tuzla.
The Crimean Bridge highway consists of four lanes. The permitted speed is 120 kilometers per hour. The road's capacity is forty thousand cars per day. The railway is capable of handling forty-seven pairs of trains per day. Passenger trains move at a speed of 120 kilometers per hour, freight trains - 80. During the operation of the bridge, navigation in Kerch Strait. The arched spans reach a length of 227 meters and a height of 35 meters above the water.
Who is the customer of the project?
The customer of the bridge project is - “ Federal Administration Taman highways"
Who is the project contractor?
The project contractor is Stroygazmontazh.
Bridge designer
The design of the bridge was carried out by ZAO Gidrostroymost Institute St. Petersburg.
Security of the Crimean Bridge
The Crimean Bridge is an eyesore in the eyes of the Western public. That's why Russian Federation devotes special attention protection of such an important infrastructure project. In October 2017, the Russian Guard formed naval brigade which is responsible for protecting the territory. The detachment has Project 21980 “Rook” anti-sabotage boats and combat swimmers at its disposal.
Bridge supports protected hydraulic structures from the rams of possible pests and saboteurs. The perimeter of the bridge, inspection systems, video cameras, and security posts with armored vehicles are also actively guarded.
Technical characteristics and features of the Crimean Bridge
The bridge stands on 595 supports. The supports themselves stand on pile foundations. During construction, more than seven thousand different piles were driven. The piles are driven to a depth of 12 on land, and up to 90 meters on water.
Crimean Bridge project photo
Many of the bridge's metal structures are in the water. Therefore, when designing, special protective structures were provided. The builders used waterproof concrete and tried to eliminate all the cracks and cracks where water penetrates and corrosion occurs.
- The idea of building a bridge connecting Crimea and Taman appeared back in the 11th century. Prince Gleb walked on the ice here in 1064. His journey was about 30 kilometers. At that time, it was not possible to build such a bridge; there were many technical problems.
- In the 19th century, Great Britain dreamed of a direct railway line to India. So in 1870, the British seriously considered the possibility of building a bridge. But the high cost of the project and technical aspects did not allow the plans to be realized.
- There was also a dream about a bridge across the Kerch project, but it destroyed the emperor’s plans.
- During the Great Patriotic War, Crimea was under occupation. The Germans decided to build a bridge to supply provisions and weapons to the Caucasus. But soon Crimea was liberated. The bridge was completed by Soviet engineers.
- The first Crimean Bridge stood for six months. There is a legend that Stalin himself rode along it. The bridge was destroyed by ice in the spring of the victorious 1945
- The ferry service between Taman and Kerch was launched in 1954.
- New bridge- the longest in Russia.
- Before the start of construction, the territory was examined by sappers and archaeologists. During the years there were bloody battles here, sappers found more than 700 unexploded shells. Archaeologists have discovered many objects from antiquity, Bronze Age and the Middle Ages.
- The Crimean Bridge runs along seismically active territory. But the engineers went around all the joints tectonic plates, securing the object. In addition, the engineering structure has been seriously strengthened, and the bridge is not afraid of any landslides or earthquakes.
- One bridge support required 400 tons of metal structures. From all the supports, 32 Eiffel Towers could be built.
- The construction of the bridge involved 3,500 thousand workers and engineers from different regions Russia
Results
Crimean Bridge, a unique structure that marks a new milestone in the history of Russia. Despite all the difficulties, sanctions, international pressure, the country is following the right course. The course is aimed at comprehensive development, progress, independence from external context.
Many Russians note that the Crimean Bridge across the Kerch Strait is a real construction project of the 21st century. There has never been a construction project of this scale in the history of Russia! Below you can find out all the details and features of construction, which will be presented latest news, photographs, characteristics of the future design.
What is the Crimean Bridge?
The bridge, which will connect the Taman Peninsula of continental Russia with that in the east of Crimea, promises to be a discovery in the coming years. All because he will provide an opportunity continuous message between the Russian Federation and Tavrida - railway and road.
Where is the bridge located on the map?
It will be located in the Kerch Strait, passing from Taman through the spit and Tuzla Island and reaching the southern part of the city of Kerch, to the Nizhnyaya Cementnaya Slobodka microdistrict. Here is its location on the map:
Open map
Main Features
Reportedly total length The construction will be 19 km long, with bridges only on the Taman-Tuzla and Tuzla-Kerch sections, their length being 1.4 and 6.1 km, respectively. How many kilometers will it take to cross the Taman Peninsula and Tuzlinskaya Spit? Based on the calculation - 5 and 6.5 km.
Briefly about the history of the first Kerch Bridge
Of course, we could not ignore the fact that the current Crimean Bridge project is not the first. The idea to build it through arose back when Russian Empire, at the beginning of the 20th century, however, attempts at implementation occurred only in 1942-1943, and not by Soviet, but by German developers, during the Second World War. But they failed to implement their ideas: the Red Army launched a counteroffensive.
In 1944, the USSR authorities decided to build the Kerch railway bridge. Due to relative simplicity Construction work progressed very quickly - movement began here at the end of the year. However, by using simple techniques, using partially wooden piles and span elements, the managers ended up with a vulnerable structure that quickly fell into disrepair.
The first Crimean bridge 1944 Other attempts were made, plans and projects were developed, but they were not implemented - in 1950 at the top Soviet Union decided to stop construction work and come to grips with the construction, through which both cargo and passenger ships They still get to Crimea today.
Yes, Kerch Bridge– a complex project, both technically and ideologically. However, by taking a competent approach to the matter and analyzing in detail the features of the local landscape, you can bring it to life, which is what Russian specialists are doing now. Very soon we will have that long-awaited moment of opening a new, truly grandiose transport hub, multiplying the tourist flow by !
Will cars be inspected?
There is no universal control, like at the ferry crossing. But inspection points have been set up on both sides of the bridge, where cars can be selectively stopped and checked. Attention, the posts are already working!
Why you can't stop on a bridge
Stopping on the bridge is strictly prohibited. This is a direct violation of traffic rules, and selfie lovers who still dare to take a time out for a photo will face fines. Monitor compliance with the rules traffic 19 video cameras and 10 automatic control systems.
Information about violations is immediately sent to automated system traffic control, and from there to the traffic police.
By the way, there are already first traffic violators. They were bikers - participants in a motorcycle rally across the bridge. Dozens of motorcyclists flagrantly violated the rules by stopping right at the arch to take selfies. The cars had to go around the selfie lovers.
Much controversy has arisen regarding the use of cyclists on the bridge. During the opening, they also moved in a convoy with cars. The cyclists were immediately stopped and turned back.
Later, the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation explained that the developed scheme for organizing traffic on the automobile part of the Crimean Bridge does not provide for restrictions for cyclists. However, those who want to cross from one bank to the other in this way should take into account that they cannot take a “pause” on the bridge.
The ban on stopping on the bridge applies to everyone - motorists, motorcyclists, and cyclists.
The stop ban applies to everyone. Otherwise, the cyclist will automatically fall into the category of violators. In general, you need to drive 19 km without stopping. In addition, do not forget about weather conditions- rain and wind. In general, consider your strengths.
If you stall on a bridge
This is a force majeure circumstance that is not a violation of traffic rules. Wait for the evacuation service specialists. They must respond to the situation within a few minutes. The evacuation will be carried out either to the Taman or Crimean coast, depending on where the car is located. Evacuation to the shore is free. But further, the driver will have to pay service providers according to their tariffs.
What is an automated traffic control system and why is it needed?
ATCS is automatic system traffic control. It was developed on the basis of Russian innovative technologies. Its main task is traffic control and comprehensive control, including compliance with traffic rules, control of the weight and dimensions of vehicles and monitoring of traffic flow.
On 36 monitors, at a glance, all weather parameters, bridge congestion and other data are reflected online. The system will not only notify about an accident on the bridge, but will also help drivers find a way out by showing information on the display (there are seven of them); if the lane is blocked, they will be able to slow down and change lanes.
The system will also notify drivers in advance about icing, strong wind and fog and will suggest at what speed to move depending on weather conditions.
10 tips for those who will travel to Crimea via the bridgePhoto: instagram.com/cat_the_most
