In suffixes of full passive participles, nn is written. N and nn in suffixes of participles and verbal adjectives

The Russian language is so diverse that most people get the impression that it is impossible to master the material, but this is not so.

It is necessary to remember a number of rules, one of which is “Spelling “n” and “nn” in participles.” It will help any schoolchild, student and experienced person in correct design text and exercises.

Spelling "N" and "NN" in participles

When to write one "N"

If there is no prefix at the beginning of a word, then a single letter is written. Options: more powerful n sunny streets, heat n y potatoes. The participle turns into an adjective.

If a word consists of two verbal units and is overloaded with symbols, a single version is also written. Option: smoother n y-re-smooth n th tie. Such a word also has the meaning of an adjective, its best quality.

It turns out that semantic meaning a word depends on its spelling, as well as its type.

Two "NN" in participles

In participle suffixes passive form a double “n” is placed.

This happens when a prefix is ​​placed in a word:

• re right NN th book;
• cut piece;
• for paved roads;
• re fried potatoes;
• re it seems NN oh road;
• teacher never clone

Double "N" is written in participles without prefixes in perfective forms. Options: captivity NN oh, broche NN oh, decide NN y. And also in those participles that are formed from the aspect of the imperfect. Options: chita NN oh, I hear NN y.

“N” and “NN” in verbal adjectives

When to write "N"

Verb-based adjectives are not like participles - they do not use the usual prefix. Thus, words created on the basis of a verb and not containing a prefix are adjectives. Examples: chewing n y leaf, kova n oh nail, smarten up n oh boy, I guess n oh way, kvashe n oh cabbage.

Prefix NOT does not affect words, a single letter is written. Spelling options: uninvited n oh cat, that doesn't look right n y ravine.

One letter is written in compound adjectives, which have two roots and two meanings. Examples: one-piece n th(tailored entirely), Zlatokova n th(forged from gold).

There are expressions with different meanings. For example, name n th friend. It is an adjective (verbal) and has the meaning not of being a native, but of being a brother in case of some circumstances.

But there is another option - name NN y in honor of someone. It turns out that the person was given a name in honor of his grandmother and grandfather. Such a word will be a participle, and will be written with two letters .

Cases of writing "NN"

"Being ra NN Otherwise, the officer remained in the division.” This proposal replaces next phrase: "Soldier injured, but he did not leave his combat territory."

IN in this case it turns out the opposite phenomenon, there is a rebirth into the sacrament.

Double N is written in cases of using “OVANNYY” and “YOVANNYY” - those that are not included in the root. Options: granted title, uprooted path.

Exceptions

Exceptional Memory Options : form NN oh, what's up NN oh, I wish NN oh, jama NN oh, slow down NN oh, unseen NN oh, bad luck NN oh, I'm awake NN oh (eye), unexpected NN oh, unheard of NN oh, no way NN oh, okay NN oh, sacred NN oh, I think NN oh, wow NN oh, check NN y.

Spelling "N" and "NN" in adjectives formed from nouns

One letter is placed in the suffix part of the word " AN", « YAN" And " IN". Options: rye, tar, pigeon.

In combinations " ENN" And " ONN" double letters are used. Options: stone, window. In this case, a single letter “N” is for the root, and another for the suffix.

But there are exceptional options: glass Jann oh, tin Jann y, tree Jann oh, wind en y. They should be remembered.

How to choose whether to write “n” or “nn” in adjectives and participles

We looked at different uses and spellings of “N” inside participles and adjectives. Based on the analyzed material, the following conclusion can be drawn.

All participles are written with double “H”. All adjective words originally created from a verb use one “N”, except for exception words that need to be remembered.

Adjectives that begin with nouns are written with two letters “N” if one letter is placed in the root part and the other in the suffix part. With one letter " N", if it is located directly in the suffix part.

Don't forget about special words that need to be remembered. And finally, a few examples of applying the rule.

1. With one letter n are written:

1). Adjectives with a non-derivative base: red, young, blue. There is no suffix in such adjectives. The letter n is part of the root.

2). Denominate adjectives with the suffix -n: winter (from: winter), summer (from: summer).

3). Denominate adjectives with the suffixes -an, -yan: sandy, silver (adj. meaning “name of material, substance”), and -in: mouse, sparrow (adj. meaning “accessories”).

Exception:

wooden, tin, glass write with two letters NN.

4). Verbal adjectives, if there is no prefix and explanatory word: fried meat.

Exception:

Write with two letters NN words from the list:
given, arrogant, abandoned, desired, bought, seen, made, cutesied, captivated, deprived, sacred, read, desperate, minted, cursed, unheard of, unseen, unexpected, unforeseen

Don't be confused!

The list of exceptions does not include words uninvited, uninvited, named, which are consistent with the data above. Write them according to the rule: unsolicited advice, uninvited guest ,sworn brother.

5). Short adjectives in the form masculine singular: advice is valuable - (m.r.), as well as short adjectives in all other forms if they are formed from full adjectives with one letter n: red girl (from the full form with one letter n: red), the sun is red, the girls are red.

7). Adverbs ending in -o and -e, formed from adjectives with one letter n: windy, neat.

2. With two letters NN are written:

1). Denominate adjectives with the suffix -n if the noun root ends in a letter n: autumn, spring, sleepy.

2). Denominate adjectives with suffixes -enn, -onn: alphabetic, portioned.

Exception:

flighty man, windmill , chicken pox, But windless day,leeward side.

3). Verbal adjectives with the suffix -nn: uprooted area, defective item.
Figure out how the word is formed: defective ← reject + nn.
Suffix -nn write in verbal adjectives, formed from the generating stem with the suffixes: -eva//-ova, -eva: uprooted←uproot, formed←form.

It’s easier to remember this way: adjectives ending in eva+nn+y, ova+nn+y, eva+nn+y.

4). Exceptional adjectives:

Exception: wooden, tin, glass write with two letters - NN .
Exception: given, swaggering, abandoned, desired, bought, seen, made, cutesy, captive, deprived, sacred, read, desperate, embossed, damned, unheard of, unprecedented, inadvertent, unexpected(see point 5).

5). Passive past participles, if there are prefixes or explanatory words: a written essay, mittens knitted (by whom?) by grandmother, as well as participles and verbal adjectives formed from perfective verbs without prefixes: bought, abandoned, given (the latter are included in the list of words for memorization in paragraph 5 along with other examples).

6). Short adjectives formed from the full form with two letters NN(except for the form m.r. singular, in which there is always one letter n): the night is moonless, advice is valuable.

7). Adverbs ending in -o and -e, formed from adjectives with two letters NN: sincerely, thoughtfully, calmly.

Н/НН in participles and verbal adjectives

Spelling Н or НН in passive participles is one of those rules that are regularly encountered in dictations, essays and tests.

First of all, remember the rule: In suffixes full passive participles two letters N are written, for example, CUTTED TREES. In the suffixes of short passive participles, one letter N is written, for example, TREES ARE CUTTED.

But since full passive participles are sometimes very similar to adjectives, to avoid mistakes, it is useful to remember the four conditions under which two letters N are written:

1) the participle has a prefix (except NOT-), for example, DRIED MUSHROOMS;

2) the participle was formed from a perfective verb, for example, SOLVED PROBLEM - from the verb DECIDE (what to do? – perfect form);

3) participle has dependent words, for example, MUSHROOMS DRIED (where?) IN THE OVEN;

4) The participle is formed from the verb using the suffixes –OVA- or -EVA-, for example, EXCITED FACE.

If a word does not have any of these characteristics, then it is written with one N.

In addition, there are several words with two letters N, the spelling of which must be learned in the same way as we memorize exception words: UNSEEN, UNHEARD, UNEXPECTED, UNGUESSED, ACCIDENTAL, DESIRED, CHEERING, SACRED, CHANDED.

Samples of reasoning

(1) How many N should be written in the participle from the phrase DELETED GARDEN? First of all, you need to see if the participle has a prefix. In our case, there is a prefix, which means that this word must be written with two N: DENIED GARDEN.

(2) How many Ns should be written in the participle from the phrase BROSHEY LOOK? First of all, let's see if the participle has a prefix. In our example, the participle does not have a prefix, therefore, we need to take the next step: determine the type of verb from which this participle was formed. BROSHE__Y was formed from the verb THROW (what to do?) This verb is of the perfect form, which means that in the participle you need to write two letters N: Abandoned LOOK.

(3) How many Ns should be written in the participle from the phrase FISH FRIED IN THE OVEN? The participle in this phrase has dependent words: ROASTING (where?) IN THE OVEN. Therefore, in the participle you need to write two letters N: OVEN FRIED FISH.

(4) How many N should be written in the participle from the phrase ASPHALTED_OE HIGHWAY? Since this participle contains the suffix -OVA-, it must contain two letters H: PAVED HIGHWAY.

(5) How many N should be written in the word WEAVE_AYA from the phrase WEAVE_AYA BASKET? Since it has no prefix, no dependent words, no suffixes -OVA- or -EVA-, and also because it was formed from the imperfective verb WEAVE (what to do?), you need to write one letter N: WICER BASKET.

EXERCISE

“How can I not love him?” she said to herself, delving into his frightened and at the same time joyful gaze.

Levin immediately thought about this, but, despite this, he decided that such views of him from Sviyazhsky were only his unfounded assumption...
(Leo Tolstoy, Anna Karenina)

Well, the guest is uninvited,
Perhaps Father will come in!
I ask you to serve the young lady in love!

They wove scarlet ribbons for her
In two light brown braids,
They brought flowers and clothes
Unseen beauty.

Whoever wants to come to us is welcome;
The door is unlocked for invited and uninvited...
(A. S. Griboyedov, “Woe from Wit”)

Parsley, you are always with new clothes,
With a torn elbow.
(A. S. Griboyedov, “Woe from Wit”)

... Information was requested from the hostile ministry about the measures that were in last decade applied...
(Leo Tolstoy, Anna Karenina)

And that consumptive one, your relatives, the enemy of books,
The academic committee that settled...
(A. S. Griboyedov, “Woe from Wit”)

And then she thinks -
God knows why -
That the starry sky is sand
Sprinkled leaf,
Constantly day and night on the road
A wonderfully well-coordinated cart...
(N. A. Nekrasov, “Russian Women”)

Levin always came to Moscow excited, hurried, a little constrained and irritated by this constraint and for the most part with a completely new, unexpected way of looking at things.
(Leo Tolstoy, Anna Karenina)

No, to this deforested forest
I won't be lured in
Where were the oak trees up to the sky?
And now the stumps are sticking out!
(Nekrasov, “Russian Women”)

He drove to the serf ballet on many wagons
From mothers, fathers of rejected children?!
(A. S. Griboyedov, “Woe from Wit”)

Stepan Arkadyevich had already gone downstairs, undressed, washed again, put on a ruffled nightgown and lay down... (Leo Tolstoy, “Anna Karenina”)

You will come to Nerchinsk if you
The road won't kill you.
Hardly four miles per hour
The chained one is coming...
(N. A. Nekrasov, “Russian Women”)

With a face disfigured by passion, pale and shaking lower jaw, Vronsky hit her in the stomach with his heel and again began to pull on the reins...
(Leo Tolstoy, Anna Karenina)

Daria Alexandrovna's eyes widened at this elegant carriage she had never seen before...
(Leo Tolstoy, Anna Karenina)

Finally married his daughter,
He took a dowry - shish, for his service - nothing.
(A. S. Griboyedov, “Woe from Wit”)

She remembered how she told almost a confession that her husband’s young subordinate made to her in St. Petersburg...
(Leo Tolstoy, Anna Karenina)

At lunchtime they arrived: Alexey Alexandrovich’s old cousin... ...and one young man recommended to Alexey Alexandrovich for the service.
(Leo Tolstoy, Anna Karenina)

To pen from cards? and to cards from the pen?
And what is the proper time for the tides to ebb and flow?
(A. S. Griboyedov, “Woe from Wit”)

I’m running, I won’t look back, I’ll go looking around the world,
Where there is a corner for someone who is offended!..
(A. S. Griboyedov, “Woe from Wit”)

Stepan Arkadyevich... in this comic courtship... and accidentally went so far that he no longer knew how to get back...
(Leo Tolstoy, Anna Karenina)

What are these people called politely?
More tender? - he is a secular man,
A notorious swindler, rogue:
Anton Antonich Zagoretsky.
(A. S. Griboyedov, “Woe from Wit”)

Because he softened the angry guest,
I wanted to praise.
(A. S. Griboyedov, “Woe from Wit”)

You sit silently for an hour,
Undepressed, cheerful mind
Meanwhile it works...
(N. A. Nekrasov, “Russian Women”)

Participle and adjective. These two parts of speech have so much in common that it is often difficult to distinguish which is which. But from correct definition error-free spelling depends. This also applies to the rules governing the use of N and NN in adjectives and participles.

Participle: one or two n

Communion - verb form, which contains both verb features, and signs of an adjective. When thinking about how many N's to use when writing a participle, keep in mind that there are always two N's in this part of speech.

However there is special group - verbal participles. N and NN and the subtleties of their spelling in these parts of speech will be discussed in detail below, but for now we will give examples of the basic rule. In full passive participles with suffixes -nn- and -enn- Two letters N are always written, provided:

1. The sacrament has a prefix, for example: a plowed field, stewed vegetables, fried fish.
2. The presence of words dependent on it in the participle: fish dried on the balcony, apples soaked in a barrel, a field plowed in the morning.
3. This is a perfect participle: a purchased cloak, a solved equation, a captured warrior.
4. The formation of the participle involved a verb with a suffix -ova-(-eva-, -irova-): asphalt road (pave), explored area (explore).

If at least one of these conditions is met, you can safely use two letters N.

One N in adjectives

The situation with adjectives is much more complicated. Here, the spelling of one H or two depends on many factors.

Let's consider cases when one H is needed:

1. If the adjective has suffixes -in-, -an-(-yan-). The first, as a rule, refers to an animal (eagle's beak, rooster's tail, swan's fidelity). The second indicates what the item is made of: leather belt, oil paint (oil-based paint, should be distinguished from the word oiled in the meaning soaked in oil - an oily pancake), silver spoon (also should be distinguished from the word silver, with an emphasis on e - meaning y the word “treated with silver”, the word in this meaning has the suffix -en-). This clause has three words that are exceptions: glass, tin, wood.
2. In adjectives in the formation of which no part of speech was involved (primitives): blue, young. Such adjectives do not have a suffix.
3. Exception word - adjective windy, here you need to write one H, but its derivatives with prefixes will have NN: the weather was calm, we approached from the leeward side. It is also worth distinguishing a word from another lexical meaning: wind (powered by wind) - wind engine, chicken pox.

NN in adjectives

NN should be written for adjectives in the following cases:

1. The letters stand at the junction of the root and the suffix: depth - deep; fog - foggy; million - millionth.
2. The adjective is formed using suffixes -enn-, -onn-: operational (from operation), station (station), intentional (to intend).
3. Ending with -ovanny (-evanny): pampered, painted, organized.

Verbal adjective

There is a whole group of adjectives - verbal ones. It is with their distinction that mistakes are made in the text and the rules N and НН in participles are incorrectly applied. Why? The fact is that they are very bright expressed meaning actions: fried, steamed, boiled. The rule “spelling N and NN in participles” does not apply to them. In verbal forms adjective One N is always used.

Such adjectives have a number of specific features, by which one can easily guess that this is the part of speech we are dealing with:

1. No attachment. Let's compare: painted - painted. The second word has a prefix, so the rule “N and NN in participles” applies to it - NN should be used. But the first one is a verbal adjective that must be written with one N.
2. No dependent words. Let's compare: a confused trail is a trail that has been confused with special care. In the first case, we observe a verbal adjective, in which we write one N (there are no dependent words). They exist in the second case - we write, according to the rule “N and NN in participles”, with two N.

Verbal adjective or participle: algorithm

You can determine the spelling of N and NN in adjectives and participles using an algorithm, the main thing of which is to correctly recognize the part of speech. It must be remembered that the participle requires the placement of two Hs, and the verbal adjective requires one. Let's look at two examples.

• First: Boiled water is poured into the carafe . First, let’s determine the presence of a prefix: the verb “boil” was used in the formation of the word, and accordingly, the prefix is ​​missing. Next, let's see if there are dependent words. There are none. If these two points do not coincide, then most likely we have a verbal adjective. The only thing left to do is to check what type of verb the word is formed from. Boil (what to do? - imperfect look). This means that the rule “spelling N and NN in participles” does not work here. This name is an adjective - we write one letter N.
• Second: Freshly boiled water is poured into the carafe . We look for the presence of a prefix: boiled, formed from the verb “boil” using a prefix -all-. Although we could stop here, apply the rule “N and НН in participles” and write two N, let’s check further. At the word « boiled" is a dependent word - "recently", which means that we are clearly facing a participle.

So, briefly, the algorithm for using N and NN in participle suffixes comes down to the following: we determine whether the word has prefixes or dependent words. If there is, this is a participle, where NN is written. If there is neither one nor the other, we check the type of the verb that participated in the formation of the word: imperfect - one H, perfect - NN.

Spelling N and NN in short adjectives and participles

Another aspect of the rule regarding the use of N or NN in participles and adjectives is their short forms.

The short form of the adjective answers the questions “what? », “what? » This form requires as many letters N as are used in the full form: solemn speech- speech is solemn, long way- the path is long, mysterious nature - nature is mysterious or a wounded fighter - a fighter is wounded, windy weather - windy weather, confused rule - confused rule.

IN short participles One H is always used, even if there are two in the full form. For example: lessons learned - lessons learned, newspaper read - newspaper read, poem written - poem written, house built - house built.