Waves. Main causes

Modern medicine offers a wide variety of effective contraceptives that protect against unplanned pregnancy. But, as practice shows, not even the most reliable contraceptive will protect against unwanted pregnancy 100%. Sometimes pregnancy can be an unpleasant and unexpected surprise for a woman. If pregnancy is not desired, then the only way to find a way out of this situation is to terminate it. A few decades ago, the main method of birth control was abortion - curettage of the fetus from the uterine cavity through surgical intervention, and early stages vacuum aspiration or mini-abortion was performed. This method of termination of pregnancy poses a danger to women's health and can lead to serious consequences in the future: bleeding, chronic inflammatory processes, endometritis, miscarriage of subsequent pregnancies. Today in gynecology the most gentle and maximum safe method birth control - medical termination of pregnancy in the early stages.

Medical termination of pregnancy in the early stages (up to 4 weeks) artificially provokes a miscarriage by taking drugs whose action is aimed at disrupting the nutrition of the fetus, which leads to its rejection from the uterine cavity, the procedure is carried out under the supervision of a doctor. Today, this method is the least traumatic way to get rid of an unwanted pregnancy. After termination of pregnancy by this method, the woman’s reproductive function is preserved, and in the future she can become pregnant and bear a healthy baby. The risk of infection of the genital organs with infectious diseases is also eliminated and the consequences of the use of anesthesia, which is used in traditional abortion, are eliminated.

Abortion pills

Non-surgical termination of pregnancy is carried out with the following drugs:

Mifepristone.
Pencrofton.
Mifeprex.
Pencrofton.
Mytholian.
Miropriston.

Basics chemical substance, which these drugs contain, is called mifepristone. Tablet dosage is 200 mg. It is thanks to this substance that the fertilized egg is detached from the uterine cavity, which leads to its miscarriage. Mifepristone suppresses the uterine perception of hormones that maintain pregnancy.

Stages of medical abortion in early pregnancy

Gynecological examination in the clinic.
The first and important step before carrying out a non-surgical abortion is an examination by a gynecologist, who will conduct an examination, prescribe an ultrasound examination (ultrasound), which will make sure that the pregnancy is uterine and establish it exact date. When a woman consults a doctor in a timely manner more chances It is completely safe for her health to terminate an unplanned pregnancy. Medical abortion is performed before 4 weeks of pregnancy (up to 42 days from the day of missed menstruation). For a period of 6 weeks or more, the medical method of termination of pregnancy can lead to undesirable consequences– partial abortion, so you should not delay making a decision about an abortion.
Clinics where non-surgical abortion is performed must have a license to carry out the procedure, these can be either state-owned medical institutions, and private. The doctor’s task is to select the appropriate pharmacological drug and familiarize the patient with the stages of the procedure and possible risks for her health.
In the absence of contraindications to termination of pregnancy, the gynecologist gives the dose of mifepristone necessary for the patient, which she must take under his supervision. Please note that the drug is taken on an empty stomach, so do not eat food 2 hours before visiting the doctor. After taking mifepristone tablets, the patient must stay in a medical facility for several hours; the body's reaction to the drug may be different and cause side effects. The first sign that the process of embryo rejection has begun is the appearance of bloody discharge. The doctor sends the patient home and prescribes a second dose of the drug after 1-2 days. It is advisable to take the doctor’s contact information for emergency contact in case of possible complications. Approximately 60% of all medical abortions are successful at this stage. If after the prescribed period the abortion does not occur, prostaglandins are prescribed.

The third stage of non-surgical abortion occurs with the help of prostaglandins (synthetic derived active substances, promoting increased contraction of the uterus). After taking them, the woman begins to bleed. The effect of the drug on each organism is individual, in some cases women experience vomiting, diarrhea, dizziness, nagging pain reminiscent of contractions, and in this case the presence of a doctor is mandatory. A timely adjusted dose of the drug will reduce blood loss and eliminate possible side effects.
After a medical termination of pregnancy, a woman must visit a gynecologist after 10-14 days. The doctor will assess the condition of the uterus using an ultrasound; examining the patient will make sure that there are no remnants of the fertilized egg left in her cavity; if the gynecologist’s suspicions are confirmed, he will take measures to remove them. The recovery period of the body, as after surgery, lasts about a month. During this period, you need to be extremely attentive to your condition, and if there is the slightest change in your state of health, if symptoms appear, such as nausea, a sharp increase in temperature, if there is bleeding, pain in the lower abdomen, urgently call a doctor or seek medical help.

For recovery period prohibited:

drinking alcohol;
be sexually active (1-2 weeks);
visit the sauna, swimming pool;
physical activity;
do not overcool;
use of tampons.

Contraindications to medical abortion

Unfortunately, there are some contraindications that prevent women from taking medications intended to terminate a pregnancy:

when the pregnancy is more than 6 weeks;
in the presence of an ectopic pregnancy;
if there is an intrauterine device in the uterine cavity;
in acute and chronic forms of renal or liver failure;
in the presence of inflammatory processes gastrointestinal tract; in the female genital organs, uterine fibroids, scars in the uterine cavity;
for anemia, hypertension;
with long-term use of corticosteroid drugs;
with intolerance to mifeprestone;
Also, taking the drug is not recommended during lactation (it should be interrupted), and for smoking women over the age of 35 years.

Consequences of medical abortion

After the procedure, the woman retains the effect of the pregnancy hormone progesterone on her body for a certain period of time. It can cause depression, which is accompanied by irritability, fatigue, insomnia, loss of appetite, and also a feeling of guilt about what you have done. Over time, these symptoms disappear and women return to usual life. But medical abortion is dangerous due to other, more complex consequences:

It is not uncommon to experience heavy bleeding after an abortion, so it is safer to take abortion medications under the supervision of a doctor.
A woman may feel severe pain in the lower abdomen, as the drug affects the contraction of the uterus. Pain in the intestines may also appear.
Abortion provokes inflammatory processes in the uterus, cervix, and vagina, which lead to the development of vaginitis, cervicitis or endometriosis. In this case, immediate treatment should be carried out.
It can lead to an incomplete (partial) abortion, when a part or membrane of the embryo remains in the uterus; in this case, women experience pain in the lower abdomen and begin to bleed. In this case, surgery will be prescribed to remove the remains of the embryo.

How to terminate an early pregnancy at home

Due to possible consequences and complications and health risks, abortion with pills should only be carried out under the supervision of a gynecologist. Many women do not realize the degree of risk to their health and try to terminate their pregnancy at home. Such careless attitude towards your health is unacceptable. The only drug that is used at home within 24 hours after sexual intercourse is Postinor. It is advisable to take it in case of unprotected sexual intercourse, and the earlier a woman takes it, the greater her chances of not getting pregnant. The action of the drug is aimed at suppressing ovulation and subsequent fertilization of the egg.

Pain after medical termination of pregnancy

In most cases, pain while taking a dose of mifepristone is tolerable, and the pain resembles pain like menstruation. But after taking prostaglandin, a woman may experience severe cramping pain, as the drug contracts the muscles of the uterus, pushing the embryo out of it. For unbearable, severe pain, painkillers are prescribed. If the pain does not stop after taking painkillers, you should inform your doctor.

Menstruation after medical termination of pregnancy

The restoration of menstruation occurs one cycle after a non-surgical abortion, the day of which is considered the first day of menstruation. Therefore, the countdown of the new cycle begins on the day of the procedure. Each body recovers in its own way, and women experience menstruation differently, this process depends on individual characteristics woman's body. For some they are very abundant, for others they pass through like normal menstruation.

How to determine the date of your next period

If the woman is healthy and the embryo was rejected without complications, then the number of days that her normal cycle lasts is added to the date of the abortion. The date obtained during the calculation will be the number when the next menstruation should begin, but deviations from the calculation by several days are possible.

Factors that influence the restoration of menstruation

After drug intervention, periods may be more painful and last for several cycles until the body returns to normal. Their recovery is influenced by factors such as:

chronic diseases and gynecological diseases of women;
hormonal imbalance in the body;
diseases of the thyroid gland or adrenal glands;
on how far along the pregnancy was when the abortion occurred;
quality and dosage of the drug used for abortion.

It is worth noting that although medical abortion is considered the most reliable method, it is not 100% effective. The drug you take is not always capable of causing a miscarriage and this must be remembered. A delay in menstruation is a reason to consult a gynecologist to exclude the possibility of developing a progressive pregnancy. In this case, it is not recommended to carry out independent pregnancy tests, since malfunctions have occurred in the female body, and the test will show an unreliable result. Only an ultrasound can confirm this fact. In addition, after a pharmacological abortion, a woman should take care of a reliable method of contraception to prevent reconception. Therefore, if your menstruation does not occur within the expected period, consult a doctor immediately.

ATTENTION!!! This article is for informational purposes only, do not self-medicate, consult a specialist.

The consequences of medical abortion are less dangerous than surgical ones, but in the absence of qualified assistance they can lead to infertility and even fatal outcome. Taking pills is not difficult, however, despite the apparent simplicity of the procedure, it causes serious changes in the body: a large dose of hormones affects reproductive system, disrupts the natural processes of preparation for bearing a fetus.

Vomit

This complication develops in approximately 44% of women when taking misoprostol orally, and in 31% when taking intravaginal misoprostol. Studies also confirm that the frequency of vomiting is affected by the interval between taking a hormonal drug (Mifepristone) and a prostaglandin (Misoprostol). The likelihood of this symptom is lower if the interval is 7-8 hours than with a daily break.

Nausea

This symptom is more common than others gastrointestinal disorders with medical abortion. It has not been fully established what exactly it is caused by: exposure to drugs or termination of pregnancy.

However, a trend has been identified in which nausea is more pronounced with a high dose of Misoprostol (a prostaglandin), rapid administration and a gestational age of 6-7 weeks. If vomiting occurs, you must inform your doctor. You may need to take the pills again.

Allergy

Allergic reactions as a consequence of medical abortion can develop to the components of any of the drugs taken. Most often it is a rash or hives. Severe manifestations, such as Quincke's edema and breathing problems, occur extremely rarely. To avoid this complication, after taking medications you should stay in a medical facility (clinic) for at least a few hours.

Diarrhea

Stool disorders develop in approximately 36% of women when taking Misoprostol orally and in 18% when taking Misoprostol intravaginally. The symptom can have varying degrees of severity. The effectiveness of taking antidiarrheals in such cases has not been proven. Diarrhea usually stops on its own after a few hours.

Severe abdominal pain

This symptom is caused by spasm of the muscles of the uterus, which is part of the mechanism of action of the hormonal drug. It is observed in 96% of women and is considered normal. The severity of pain can vary: from mild to unbearable. The symptom begins to increase rapidly 30-50 minutes after taking Misoprostol and most often goes away after the abortion is completed. There is a tendency that the shorter the pregnancy, the easier the pain.

To eliminate it, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (Ibuprofen, Naproxen) are used, and in severe cases, narcotic painkillers (Codeine, Oxycodone).

Convulsions

Appear approximately 1.5-3 hours after taking Misoprostol. Most often localized in the groin area. They subside after the abortion is completed. A warm heating pad can be used to reduce pain.

All of the above complications do not require special treatment and most often go away on their own after the abortion is completed. When they are severe, symptomatic remedies are used.

Medium-term consequences and complications

Medium-term effects occur within a few weeks of medical abortion.

Bleeding

This symptom appears in early period, some time after taking the pills. If the bleeding volume corresponds to menstrual bleeding (no more than 1-2 pads per hour), lasts 7-14 days and gradually decreases, then there is no cause for concern - this is not a complication, but a normal process.

In some cases, women notice discharge for up to 30 days, but it is spotting and is not accompanied by pain or other symptoms. If the bleeding is heavy (2-3 or more pads per hour), prolonged and/or accompanied by pain, then you must immediately inform your doctor. This complication is rare and develops against the background of incomplete abortion or infection.

The longer the pregnancy, the higher the risk of abnormal bleeding. In 0.4% of cases, blood transfusion is performed, in 2.6% - suction curettage. Without timely medical assistance, death cannot be ruled out.

Continuing pregnancy or incomplete termination

In 1-4% of cases, the fertilized egg is not expelled from the uterus or is not completely expelled. This can happen for several reasons: the dose of the drug is incorrectly calculated, the timing of the procedure is too late, there are hormonal disorders or inflammatory processes in the woman’s body.

Such consequences after medical termination of pregnancy are accompanied by prolonged and undiminished bleeding, nagging or cramping pain in the lower abdomen, increased temperature, and fever. You cannot cope with them on your own; hemostatic drugs will not help.

An ultrasound and follow-up are required. If this is not done, then in the event of an incomplete abortion, the remains of the fetal egg will lead to the spread of infection, general blood poisoning and fatal outcome. If the pregnancy continues to develop, then the risk of having a child with serious malformations is high.

Pain in the lower abdomen

Normally, cramps in the uterus gradually disappear after the abortion is completed. If the pain continues, this may be a sign of infection or incomplete termination of pregnancy. This symptom requires examination by a gynecologist and ultrasound.

Headaches and dizziness

These consequences of medical abortion develop in 20% of women. As a rule, the reason is big loss blood. Weakness, decreased blood pressure, and presyncope are also observed.

If dizziness is accompanied by bleeding, then the help of a doctor is necessary. In another case, you can take an analgesic, rest more often, and change your body position gradually.

Long-term effects and complications

Long-term consequences of medical abortion are rare but most difficult to treat. They appear after several months and even years.

Menstrual irregularities

If menstruation began on time (counting from the date of abortion) or was delayed by 7-10 days, this is a sign that sexual and endocrine system recovered. About 10-15% of women note that in the first few cycles, menstruation is more painful and heavy, but soon becomes the same as before.

A complication will be indicated by a delay of more than 40 days or heavy periods, accompanied by cramping intense pain, fever, and deterioration in general well-being.

In the first case, either a re-occurrence of pregnancy is possible (this happens already 2 weeks after an abortion), or a disruption in the functioning of the ovaries. You need to see a doctor, he will determine the cause and prescribe necessary procedures. Oral contraceptives are often used to restore hormonal levels.

If your periods are very heavy, with severe pain and a rise in temperature, then perhaps particles of the fertilized egg remain in the uterus and/or an infection has developed.

After a doctor’s examination and ultrasound, curettage is performed and antibiotics are prescribed.

Infectious and inflammatory diseases

They develop after a medical abortion as an exacerbation of chronic forms or due to remaining particles of the fertilized egg. If a woman had hidden, sluggish infectious and inflammatory processes (salpingitis, gonorrhea, etc.) before the abortion, then after the abortion procedure they may begin to progress.

This is manifested by pain in the lower abdomen, discharge with an unpleasant odor and a greenish color, purulent impurities, and increased temperature. After laboratory diagnosis, the doctor prescribes antibiotics, most often in a hospital setting.

Infertility

The reasons for this severe consequences hormonal disorders or inflammatory diseases of the uterus and appendages occur.

In the first case, the balance of male and female sex hormones is disrupted, as a result of which the process of fertilization of the egg and its attachment to the wall of the uterus is hampered.

Inflammatory processes can lead to the formation of adhesions and narrowing of the lumen of the fallopian tubes. This prevents the egg from moving to the uterus.

Changes in emotional state, character

Sometimes hormonal imbalance and the abortion procedure itself affect the characteristics of a woman’s psyche. She may become overly irritable, aggressive or whiny, depressed, lethargic.

At first, such reactions are observed only in difficult situations, for example, during or after a quarrel. But soon they become total, arising without external causes.

To eliminate the problem, you need to see a doctor: a psychiatrist or psychotherapist, or consult a psychologist.

Medical abortion and its consequences are still being studied. Research confirms that the earlier the abortion procedure is performed, the lower the risk of complications.

The most common among them are bleeding, pain in the lower abdomen, and infection. The consequences are associated with hormonal disorders and the risk of incomplete release of the fertilized egg. Disruptions in the menstrual cycle, development of inflammation, and infertility may occur.

Medical termination of pregnancy is a chance to preserve your health, as women in many countries of the world know about how an artificially induced miscarriage occurs - at least 31, where this procedure is permitted at the legislative level. It is effective and accessible.

The duration of medical termination of pregnancy in Russia is limited to six obstetric weeks. This is due to the fact that it is at this early stage that the greatest chance is to carry out the procedure without any complications, as painlessly as possible for the woman and effectively.

Advantages of the procedure compared to instrumental abortion

1. Does not require intravenous anesthesia. Thus, it avoids many problems associated with its side effect. For women, for example, a fairly common and significant consequence of anesthesia is excessive hair loss.

2. Does not require hospitalization. Although some women, on the contrary, want to have a medical termination of pregnancy in a clinic, because they are afraid that the pain will be too severe or heavy bleeding will begin.

3. Eliminates injuries to the cavity and cervix. This means that the risk of miscarriage for the next pregnancy does not increase. The risk of infertility does not increase.

4. Psychologically it is better tolerated by most women. Since there is no need to go to the hospital, to prepare for this procedure for a long time, to see the surgical instruments used to perform an abortion. All this is very mentally difficult.

5. Minimal risk of an inflammatory process in the uterus - endometritis. Since they don’t “climb” into the uterus, they don’t injure you, everything goes according to the type of menstruation.

We can definitely say that the consequences of medical abortion, compared to instrumental ones, are minimal. And it is this type of abortion that is preferable for nulliparous women.

At the doctor's

You need to find a clinic, private or public, that has a license to perform this procedure (now almost everyone has one).

At the clinic you will be examined and have an ultrasound of the uterus. This study is considered basic, as it shows that the woman is indeed pregnant and the pregnancy is intrauterine.

Sometimes it happens that a woman comes after receiving positive result a pregnancy test, but the doctor does not find a fertilized egg in her uterus. This happens with a very short period of pregnancy, usually when the delay has not yet begun. Now there are tests on sale with very high sensitivity that show the correct result not on the first day of the delay, but much earlier - 4-5 days before its start. The hCG level is very low. To visualize the fertilized egg, its level must reach at least 1000. And tests show the correct result already at 10 units... The hCG level doubles every two days. It usually reaches this level already in the first week of delay. And a pill abortion can be done with a delay of up to 2 weeks. There is time.

If an ultrasound showed a fertilized egg in the uterus, the doctor gives detailed description how medical termination of pregnancy occurs, how you will feel and how to behave. After a conversation with a doctor, you need to read and sign an information consent, which will contain approximately the following points:

that the pregnancy is terminated deliberately;
if pregnancy progresses after taking the pills, it is advisable to terminate it, since there is big risk for the health of the child;
information on how medical abortion is carried out has been received in full;
complications may arise in the process - bleeding, incomplete miscarriage, sometimes additional uterine curettage or vacuum aspiration is required;
an exacerbation of chronic infections may be provoked, resulting in infertility;
the woman undertakes to strictly follow all the doctor’s recommendations.

Description of the procedure

Medications for medical abortion are provided by a doctor. The first, Mifepristone, is taken by a woman in the presence of a doctor. A serious drug that blocks the action of progesterone, a hormone necessary for the development and nutrition of the fertilized egg. This medicine is not sold in pharmacies in dosages required to terminate a pregnancy. To avoid criminal abortions, as well as to ensure that the drug has worked, the woman should not vomit for 2 hours after taking it; the patient is asked to stay in the clinic during this time. And you are given with you an information sheet explaining what happens after taking the pills and how to act, a doctor’s phone number where you can get advice at any time, and a second drug, synthetic prostaglandin. It must be taken at home 36-48 hours after the first one.

And if after Mifepristone a woman could at most experience bloody discharge from the genital tract, then prostaglandin directly provokes detachment and release of the fertilized egg from the uterus. All this is accompanied by severe cramping pain. The effect appears almost immediately after taking it. Therefore you need to stay at home. After a miscarriage, the pain subsides.

Some women are also worried about nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, chills, and fever. Not everyone experiences these symptoms, but individual reaction body for medication.

No-shpu and Baralgin are recommended as painkillers - that is, drugs from the group of antispasmodics and analgesics. But Ibuprofen, Diclofenac, Aspirin and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs should not be taken, as they can weaken the effect of the drugs prescribed by the doctor.

Discharge after medical termination of pregnancy is profuse, stronger than during menstruation. Rarely, acute bleeding does occur. This is if a sanitary pad is completely saturated within an hour, and this continues for 2-3 hours in a row. Then you need to urgently seek help. Doctors usually prescribe a hemostatic drug.

After a miscarriage, the discharge becomes much more abundant. However, they may small quantity keep for up to 14 days. Around this time, an ultrasound is performed, which should confirm a complete miscarriage. Otherwise, the woman will face vacuum aspiration. Signs of an incomplete miscarriage are pain in the uterus and ovaries, elevated body temperature, prolonged bleeding, unpleasant odor from the vagina, etc. Incomplete abortion leads to endometritis. And that leads to infertility, in the absence of treatment.

Most women do not lose their menstrual cycle after an artificial miscarriage. That is, menstruation after medical termination of pregnancy should be expected at the usual time. And if a woman starts taking oral contraceptives, then there will be no problems with calculating the start date of her period. They will begin 3-7 days after taking 21 contraceptive tablets. Since few people plan to become pregnant after a medical termination in the near future, this is a wonderful way out. And the cycle will be restored, and you won’t have to have new abortions.

Not all ladies are delighted with the news of an upcoming pregnancy. There are many reasons for this, ranging from unplanned conception to poor health. To get rid of an unwanted pregnancy, today there are several ways. Medication is considered the safest. This method excludes major surgical intervention. It is better tolerated both physically and psychologically. In our article we will talk about how medical termination of pregnancy occurs. You will also be presented with information about possible contraindications and consequences of pharmacological abortion.

Description of the procedure

A medical or pharmacological abortion is a procedure aimed at ending an unwanted pregnancy without major surgery. It is carried out with the help of certain drugs. Their action is based on blocking the production of progesterone. This hormone is produced in a woman’s body and is responsible for maintaining pregnancy. After taking the pill, a spontaneous miscarriage occurs.

Medical abortion, medications for this procedure and its implementation - all these issues have been discussed by doctors for a long time. However, only since the end of the last century has there appeared real opportunity carry out pharmacological abortion effectively and relatively safely for the woman’s health. Specialists from France have developed the drug Mifepristone, which belongs to the group of antiprogestins. In the early 80s, large-scale research into this drug as an abortion medication was launched in Geneva. A few years later, they began to put it into practice in France.

As shown by numerous medical research, women prefer pharmacological abortion for a number of reasons. First, there is fear of surgical intervention. Secondly, this method allows you to hide an unwanted pregnancy from loved ones.

Advantages of pharmacological abortion over surgical abortion

Medical termination of pregnancy, the timing of which is described below, has a number of significant advantages. We have already mentioned some of them earlier. What other positive points worth paying attention to?

No need to take painkillers.
Fast recovery period.
The possibility of damage to the uterine cavity, the development of adhesions or other gynecological complications is excluded.
Medical abortion resembles heavy periods, so psychologically a woman perceives it as a natural process.
There is no need to go to the hospital.
The risk of contracting viral diseases (AIDS or hepatitis) is eliminated.

To find out all the nuances of how medical abortion occurs, it is better to consult a gynecologist. The specialist will answer your questions and give useful recommendations.

Acceptable deadlines

Pharmacological abortion can be performed until the 6th week of pregnancy, counting from the first day of the last menstrual period. The effectiveness of the procedure increases noticeably when used in the early stages. Otherwise, other interruption techniques (eg, vacuum aspiration or surgery) may be necessary.

What drugs are used?

The doctor selects medications for the procedure. At the same time, he must take into account the individual characteristics of the female body. The drugs used today can be divided into two conditional groups. The first includes “Postinor” and “Escapelle”. They are used for emergency contraception.

"Postinor" is available in tablet form. Its active ingredient is levonorgestrel. Once in the body, it causes certain changes in the endometrium, interfering with the process of egg implantation. On the other hand, levonorgestrel suppresses ovulation. According to the instructions, Postinor must be taken immediately after unprotected sexual intercourse has occurred. First you need to take one pill, and after 12 hours - the second. During the first few hours, its effectiveness is 95%. Within a day, this figure drops to 58%.

Escapelle has a similar effect, but contains a higher dose of levonorgestrel. Therefore, taking the medication is limited to one tablet. This is where the differences between the two means are limited. They have the same effect on ovulation and fertilization processes.

The second group of drugs includes Mifepristone and Pencrofton. Their use is justified in case of pregnancy, the duration of which does not exceed 6 weeks. They are used after implantation of a fertilized egg. Therefore, before prescribing these medications, it is necessary to conduct a series of clinical studies.

In the role active substance mifepristone is used. Its penetration into the body blocks the activity of progesterone, significantly increasing the contractility of the myometrium. As a result listed processes The cervix begins to dilate, expelling the fertilized egg. Below we will look at how medical abortion occurs using the last group of medications. Mifepristone and Pencrofton are most often used for this procedure.

Possible contraindications

There are a number of circumstances under which medical termination of pregnancy should not be performed. Reviews from gynecologists warn that it is better to refuse the procedure in the following cases:

gynecological diseases of an inflammatory nature;
uterine fibroids;
long-term treatment with glucocorticoids;
blood clotting disorder;
lactation period;
ectopic first pregnancy.

Medical termination of pregnancy is not recommended for women over 35 years of age. The drugs used may cause sudden change hormonal background.

Preparation for the procedure

Pharmacological abortion is a serious procedure that must be performed under the supervision of a doctor. After signs of an unwanted pregnancy appear, you should contact a gynecologist for a preliminary examination. The doctor performs an ultrasound to determine approximate period conception. After this, the woman must give written consent to medical termination of pregnancy.

The medications for the procedure are selected by a gynecologist. Before an abortion, a pregnant woman must also undergo several tests, including a smear for flora. If cardiovascular pathologies are suspected, a cardiogram may be required. After this, the doctor sets a date for the abortion. Before this, it is better to give up heavy food, alcohol and smoking 24 hours before.

Stages of pharmacological abortion

After receiving the test results, you can proceed directly to the procedure itself. How does medical abortion occur?

In the absence of obvious contraindications, the doctor gives the woman the drug to drink. As a rule, these are 3 pills of 200 mg each. The next visit to the gynecologist is recommended after 36 hours. At this stage, the fetus is expelled from the uterus. For this purpose, the woman is given prostaglandins and must be instructed to possible consequences. Sometimes she is asked to stay in the clinic for a day to monitor changes in her condition. A woman can be sent home provided that she adheres to the recommendations of a specialist, and if any discomfort will contact him immediately.

The first control ultrasound is performed 3 days after taking the drugs. If fetal remains are visualized in the uterine cavity, the doctor decides how to proceed. A second control ultrasound is scheduled after another 2 weeks. If necessary, the gynecologist gives a referral to analyze the hCG level.

Rehabilitation period

Recovery after the procedure lasts about a month. At this time you need special attention relate to health and well-being. Increased temperature, pain in the lower abdomen, spotting after medical termination of pregnancy - all these symptoms should be a reason for a visit to the doctor.

After a pharmacological abortion, a woman’s body undergoes serious changes. Hormonal levels are restored, the reproductive sphere is reconstructed, immunity decreases, and the risk of developing inflammation increases. Therefore, it is necessary to take care of yourself and give the body time to normalize the functioning of its basic systems.

For 14 days after an abortion, you should avoid visiting the bathhouse, having sexual intercourse, playing sports, and using tampons. If you follow these tips, you can hope for successful recovery of the body.

Is bleeding after an abortion normal or pathological?

Negative consequences of medical abortion are extremely rare, but they are still possible. One of them is bleeding.

The appearance of blood clots after taking the first pill is considered normal. Over the course of 5 days, the discharge is usually profuse. After this period, they become more scarce and then stop altogether. For some women, spotting continues until the onset of their first menstruation.

Their character depends solely on the individual characteristics of the organism. At first they may be scarlet in color, then dark and brownish towards the end. It is necessary to control bleeding after medical termination of pregnancy and monitor its volume. Using more than two pads per hour is considered a pathology.

If there is severe bleeding or if it suddenly stops, you should immediately contact a gynecologist. If this is not possible, it is necessary to call a team of medical workers.

Complications of medical abortion

Pharmacological abortion is considered a relatively safe procedure, but it is not devoid of shortcomings. After taking medications, adverse reactions may occur, including:

Painful discomfort. IN in this case it all depends on the characteristics of the body, the threshold of its sensitivity. Before the procedure, the doctor must tell you about possible pain. To eliminate them, antispasmodics and analgesics are usually prescribed. It is not recommended to take medications on your own; you should consult your doctor.
Nausea and vomiting. These symptoms may also accompany pregnancy itself. Sometimes nausea and vomiting are caused by prostaglandins prescribed by the gynecologist. Such side effects are rare, but they go away on their own.
Increase in temperature. The consequences of medical termination of pregnancy of this nature are caused by taking medications. As a rule, the temperature rises to 38 degrees and persists for no more than 4 hours. If the unpleasant symptom does not disappear, most likely it is a consequence of the inflammatory process. You should tell your doctor about changes in your health, who will prescribe appropriate therapy.
Diarrhea. This is short term side effect, which does not require specific treatment.
Hematometra. This disorder is characterized by the accumulation of blood clots in the uterine cavity. Its development is preceded by cervical spasm reproductive organ. The disorder can be eliminated with the help of medications.

The listed pathologies rarely accompany medical termination of pregnancy. Reviews from women who have undergone this procedure confirm this statement. Pharmacological abortion leaves virtually no noticeable consequences if done by a qualified specialist and in the absence of contraindications.

Service cost

Where is medical abortion performed? This question worries many women. This service Today, almost all medical institutions provide it. It is recommended to seek her help in the hospital where your attending gynecologist works.

The final cost of the procedure may vary depending on the drugs used, the prestige of the clinic and the qualifications of the specialist. A certain role in this issue belongs to the woman’s stay in the hospital after the gynecologist performs a medical termination of pregnancy. The price of the service can range from 7 to 11 thousand rubles.

It does not provide an absolute guarantee that there will be no complications after it is performed.

Of course there is a risk adverse consequences here is less than with traditional methods of abortion - curettage of the uterine cavity and vacuum aspiration, however, taking highly active pharmacological agents in huge doses (exactly these are necessary for the onset of effect) is with a powerful blow throughout the body, and primarily through the pituitary-ovarian system. The consequences of a medical abortion may manifest themselves after several months or even years - due to hormonal imbalance, a woman may become infertile; menstrual cycle – unstable; menstruation – long and painful; may change in the worst side and character - a woman becomes extremely irritable and sometimes even aggressive, or, conversely, adynamic and lethargic, begins to suffer from depression.

All consequences of medical termination of pregnancy can be divided into early (or emergency complications) that occur in the first few days after taking the drug, and late ones that occur over a long period of time (up to several years). Emergency complications, of course, include abortion, which without medical help can end very sadly (which is why medical abortion should only be performed in clinics or hospitals). An unpleasant, but not directly life-threatening complication is severe, cramping pain in the lower abdomen. In principle, they are a direct consequence of medical abortion, because Both mifepristone and (especially) misoprostol have the property of increasing uterine contractions, which causes pain. When taking drugs orally, stool disorders and spastic pain in the intestines occasionally occur, because all of them have the property of enhancing contractions of intestinal smooth muscles. Occasionally (usually with insufficient examination of the patient), medical abortion is performed against the background of existing inflammatory diseases of the uterus, cervix, vagina (endometritis, cervicitis, salpingitis, vaginitis), sometimes even of a specific (gonorrheal, trichomonas) etiology. This leads to the progression of inflammation, which was previously hidden, and the appearance of a pronounced picture of an inflammatory disease: pain occurs in the lower abdomen, dark or greenish vaginal discharge, sometimes mixed with pus, and fever begin to bother you. Here, treatment must necessarily include antibacterial therapy in a hospital setting. Sometimes after an abortion, a fertilized egg or its remains or membranes remain in the uterine cavity. A condition called incomplete abortion occurs. You can suspect it if, after an abortion, bloody vaginal discharge does not stop long time. In this case, there is no need to try to correct the situation on your own, for example, by taking hemostatic drugs - the effect, if any, will be short-lived. The most right decision here - contact a gynecologist and conduct an ultrasound examination to determine the real reason bleeding, and if it is an unseparated fertilized egg, remove it already surgically– by curettage of the uterine cavity.

The second group includes the late consequences of medical termination of pregnancy. These include hormonal imbalance due to drug-induced damage to the ovaries, and associated complications, the most important of which, of course, is. It is quite difficult to treat such infertility, sometimes the only way remains to become pregnant. Another consequence of medical abortion is that periods become irregular, heavy or, conversely, scanty, and sometimes painful. Often, uterine bleeding occurs in the middle of the cycle, lasts 3-4 days, and then stops spontaneously - the woman cannot distinguish whether it is menstrual bleeding or uterine bleeding - the situation becomes more and more confusing. After taking mifepristone, the risk of tumors of those organs, the growth and development of which is regulated by our hormonal system (in women, these are the mammary glands, ovaries, uterine body, cervix), also increases. An increased risk of developing neoplasms of these organs is one of the life-threatening long-term consequences medical abortion.

Remember that the likelihood of complications from a medical abortion increases if: you take the drug on your own, without medical supervision; you are taking a low-quality drug; the dosage of the drug is violated. In other cases, when an abortion is performed by a qualified specialist in a well-equipped clinic using high-quality (and quite expensive) original product, the risk of complications is low.