Southeastern front of the Red Army. The symbol of the USSR could be the swastika

Everyone already knows that the history of the swastika is much deeper and more multifaceted, it seems to some. Here are a few more unusual facts from the history of this symbol.

Few people know that among the symbols used by the Red Army there was not only a star, but also a swastika. This is what the award badge of the commanders of the South-Eastern Front of the Kyrgyz Republic looked like. Armies in 1918-1920

In November 1919, the commander of the South-Eastern Front of the Red Army, V.I. Shorin, issued order No. 213, which approved the distinctive sleeve badge Kalmyk formations using swastikas. The swastika in the order is denoted by the word “lyngtn”, that is, the Buddhist “Lungta”, meaning “whirlwind”, “vital energy”.

Order to the troops of the South-Eastern Front #213
Gor. Saratov November 3, 1919
The distinctive sleeve insignia of the Kalmyk formations is approved, according to the attached drawing and description.
Assign the right to wear to everything command staff and the Red Army soldiers of existing and emerging Kalmyk units, according to the instructions of the order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the republic. for #116.
Front Commander Shorin
Member of the Revolutionary Military Council Trifonov
Wreed. chief of staff General Staff Pugachev

Appendix to the order to the troops of the South-Eastern Front p. #213
Description
A rhombus measuring 15 x 11 centimeters made of red cloth. IN top corner a five-pointed star, in the center there is a wreath, in the middle of which is “lyngtn” with the inscription “R. S.F.S.R.” The diameter of the star is 15 mm, the diameter of the wreath is 6 cm, the size of the “lyngtn” is 27 mm, the letter is 6 mm.
The badge for command and administrative personnel is embroidered in gold and silver and for the Red Army soldiers is stenciled.
The star, “lyungtn” and the ribbon of the wreath are embroidered in gold (for Red Army soldiers - with yellow paint), the wreath itself and the inscription are embroidered in silver (for Red Army soldiers - with white paint).

In Russia, the swastika first appeared in official symbols in 1917 - it was then, on April 24, that the Provisional Government issued a decree on the issue of new banknotes in denominations of 250 and 1000 rubles.1 The peculiarity of these bills was that they had an image of a swastika. Here is a description of the front side of the 1000-ruble banknote, given in paragraph No. 128 of the Senate resolution of June 6, 1917: “The main grid pattern consists of two large oval guilloche rosettes - right and left... In the center of each of both large rosettes there is a geometric pattern formed crosswise intersecting wide stripes, bent at right angles, at one end to the right, and at the other to the left... The intermediate background between both large rosettes is filled with a guilloche pattern, and the center of this background is occupied by a geometric ornament of the same pattern as in both rosettes, but larger.”2 Unlike the 1000-ruble banknote, the 250-ruble banknote had only one swastika - in the center behind the eagle.

From the banknotes of the Provisional Government, the swastika migrated to the first Soviet banknotes. True, in in this case this was caused by production necessity, and not by ideological considerations: the Bolsheviks, who were preoccupied with issuing their own money in 1918, simply took ready-made cliches of new banknotes (5,000 and 10,000 rubles) that were being prepared for release in 1918, created by order of the Provisional Government. Kerensky and his comrades were unable to print these banknotes due to known circumstances, but the leadership of the RSFSR found the clichés useful. Thus, swastikas were present on Soviet banknotes of 5,000 and 10,000 rubles. These banknotes were in circulation until 1922.

The swastika was used in US military symbols during the First World War World War: it was applied to the fuselages of aircraft of the famous American Lafayette squadron.

The swastika was also depicted on the Boeing P-12, which was in service with the American Air Force from 1929 to 1941. The squadron's insignia was an Indian head painted on the fuselage. In America, the swastika has long been perceived as a typical Indian symbol.

In addition, the swastika was depicted on the chevron of the 45th Infantry Division of the US Army, which it wore from 1923 to 1939

Finland in the context of our story is interesting because today it is, perhaps, the only state in the EU whose official symbolism contains a swastika. It first appeared there in 1918, the year the Swedish Baron von Rosen gave the Finnish White Guard a Morane-Saulnier Type D aircraft, which, in fact, marked the beginning of its existence Finnish Air Force.9 On the plane was a blue swastika - the baron's coat of arms. Therefore, the symbol of the new military aviation it was she who became. The swastika on the flag of the Finnish Air Force is still present today.

AND HERE IS TODAY'S OFFICIAL PRESIDENTIAL STANDARD...

In Latvia, the swastika, which in local tradition was called the “fiery cross”, was the emblem air force from 1919 to 1940.

IN Polish army the swastika was used in the emblem on the collars of the Podhalyan Riflemen (21st and 22nd Mountain Rifle Divisions)

In general, this topic can be continued for a very, very long time, for example, remember the post in its continuation - A van with a swastika, and here are the 7 main facts about the Kremlin stars

Additional information: Kolovrat - Ancient symbols of the Vedic civilization of the Slavic-Aryans

Vedic symbols are inherited from the ancient Vedic civilization, the descendants of which are the Rus and others Slavic peoples. A large number of photographs with images of swastikas on clothing, household utensils, on the walls of ancient buildings, on weapons, on banknotes etc.

Besides the Slavs, Vedic symbols were also used by many other peoples. The swastika was applied to many objects as a sign good wishes and as a spell against all sorts of troubles.

The events of the Second World War and the speculative use of the swastika sign by German “racists” who elevated themselves, and only themselves, to the descendants of the ancient Aryans, led to the fact that the swastika sign was even banned for use both in everyday life and in the press. But this, naturally, could not lead to its exclusion in many forms of its application, which have taken root over a number of millennia.

Such symbols continue to be widely and widely used by the Indians, Chinese, Finns, Japanese, Nepalese and Vietnamese. There are a total of 144 swastika symbols. For those who want to get to know this topic better, we recommend the book by Vologda researcher Alexander Vladimirovich Tarunin “The Sacred Symbol. History of the swastika" (Moscow, publishing house "White Alva", 2009, 544 pp.), which can be called an encyclopedia of swastikas. Information on swastika symbols can be found on the Food of Ra website.

Everyone already knows that the history of the swastika is much deeper and more multifaceted, it seems to some. Here are some more unusual facts from the history of this symbol.

Order to the troops of the South-Eastern Front #213
Gor. Saratov November 3, 1919
The distinctive sleeve insignia of the Kalmyk formations is approved, according to the attached drawing and description.
The right to wear is assigned to all command personnel and Red Army soldiers of existing and newly formed Kalmyk units, in accordance with the instructions of the order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the Republic. for #116.
Front Commander Shorin
Member of the Revolutionary Military Council Trifonov
Wreed. Chief of Staff of the General Staff Pugachev

Appendix to the order to the troops of the South-Eastern Front p. #213
Description
A rhombus measuring 15 x 11 centimeters made of red cloth. In the upper corner there is a five-pointed star, in the center there is a wreath, in the middle of which there is a “lyngtn” with the inscription “R. S.F.S.R.” The diameter of the star is 15 mm, the wreath is 6 cm, the size “lyungtn” is 27 mm, the letter is 6 mm.
The badge for command and administrative personnel is embroidered in gold and silver and for the Red Army soldiers is stenciled.
The star, “lyngtn” and the ribbon of the wreath are embroidered in gold (for Red Army soldiers - with yellow paint), the wreath itself and the inscription are embroidered in silver (for Red Army soldiers - with white paint).

From the banknotes of the Provisional Government, the swastika migrated to the first Soviet banknotes. True, in this case this was caused by production necessity, and not ideological considerations: the Bolsheviks, who were preoccupied with issuing their own money in 1918, simply took ready-made cliches of new banknotes (5,000 and 10,000 rubles), created by order of the Provisional Government, which were being prepared for released in 1918. Kerensky and his comrades were unable to print these banknotes due to known circumstances, but the leadership of the RSFSR found the clichés useful. Thus, swastikas were present on Soviet banknotes of 5,000 and 10,000 rubles. These banknotes were in circulation until 1922.

Swastika in military symbols USA used in the First World War: it was applied to the fuselages of aircraft of the famous American Lafayette squadron.

In addition, the swastika was depicted on the chevron of the 45th Infantry Division of the US Army, which it wore from 1923 to 1939

Finland in the context of our story, it is interesting because today it is, perhaps, the only state in the EU V whose official symbolism includes a swastika. It first appeared there in 1918, the year the Swedish Baron von Rosen gave the Finnish White Guard a Morane-Saulnier Type D aircraft, which, in fact, marked the beginning of the existence of the Finnish Air Force.9 The plane featured a blue swastika - the baron’s coat of arms. Therefore, it became the symbol of the new military aviation. The swastika on the flag of the Finnish Air Force is still present today.

HERE IS TODAY'S OFFICIAL PRESIDENTIAL STANDARD…

In Latvia, the swastika, which in local tradition was called the "fiery cross", was the emblem of the air force from 1919 to 1940.

In the Polish army, the swastika was used in the emblem on the collars of the Podhala Riflemen (21st and 22nd Mountain Rifle Divisions)

In general, this topic can be continued for a very, very long time, for example, remember the post in its continuation -, well, here it is

* Additional Information:
Kolovrat - Ancient symbols of the Vedic civilization of the Slavic-Aryans

Vedic symbols are inherited from the ancient Vedic civilization, the descendants of which are the Rus and other Slavic peoples. A large number of photographs with images of swastikas on clothing, household utensils, on the walls of ancient buildings, on weapons, on banknotes, etc.

Besides the Slavs, Vedic symbols were also used by many other peoples. The swastika was applied to many objects as a sign of good wishes and as a spell against all sorts of troubles.

* On the website "" you will find detailed story about artifacts and evidence ancient history humanity. -

Evaluation of information

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In ideological confrontation. Story World War II is...according to generally accepted historical science facts. All of Europe was...a soldier standing on the rubble swastikas. In one hand... Yuliev A. Even banks fought // Red star. - 2005. - April 14. ...

Everyone already knows that the history of the swastika is much deeper and more multifaceted, it seems to some. Here are some more unusual facts from the history of this symbol.

In November 1919, the commander of the South-Eastern Front of the Red Army, V.I. Shorin, issued order No. 213, which approved the distinctive sleeve insignia of Kalmyk formations using a swastika. The swastika in the order is denoted by the word “lyngtn”, that is, the Buddhist “Lungta”, meaning “whirlwind”, “vital energy”.
Order to the troops of the South-Eastern Front #213
Gor. Saratov November 3, 1919
The distinctive sleeve insignia of the Kalmyk formations is approved, according to the attached drawing and description.
The right to wear is assigned to all command personnel and Red Army soldiers of existing and newly formed Kalmyk units, in accordance with the instructions of the order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the Republic. for #116.
Front Commander Shorin
Member of the Revolutionary Military Council Trifonov
Wreed. Chief of Staff of the General Staff Pugachev

Appendix to the order to the troops of the South-Eastern Front p. #213
Description
A rhombus measuring 15 x 11 centimeters made of red cloth. In the upper corner there is a five-pointed star, in the center there is a wreath, in the middle of which there is a “lyngtn” with the inscription “R. S.F.S.R.” The diameter of the star is 15 mm, the diameter of the wreath is 6 cm, the size “lyngtn” is 27 mm, the letter is 6 mm.
The badge for command and administrative personnel is embroidered in gold and silver and for the Red Army soldiers is stenciled.
The star, “lyungtn” and the ribbon of the wreath are embroidered in gold (for Red Army soldiers - with yellow paint), the wreath itself and the inscription are embroidered in silver (for Red Army soldiers - with white paint).

Swastika in military symbols USA used in the First World War: it was applied to the fuselages of aircraft of the famous American Lafayette squadron.

In addition, the swastika was depicted on the chevron of the 45th Infantry Division of the US Army, which it wore from 1923 to 1939

I discovered an interesting discovery today. I’ll say right away that I don’t want to overwhelm anyone with many different versions of the material being presented, for those who are interested in getting acquainted and digging deeper, as they say - Google to the rescue...
The point is this: on Russian banknotes of 1917-1918 (“Kerenka”) there is a swastika depicted. The name of the state, by the way, is not indicated. The first 250 ruble banknote of 1917:

Here she is larger. Behind double headed eagle, depicted without the crown:

Or with reverse side. Here the swastika is hidden behind the inscription “250 rubles”:

It is curious that on the front side of the bill there is not only a swastika, but also a Buddhist (Lamaist) “endless knot”:

Still, one of the versions, for context, I’ll point out - allegedly it was Nicholas II who ordered the swastika to be placed on Russian banknotes, however, this project was implemented after his abdication by the Provisional Government on “Kerenki” in denominations of 250 and 1000 rubles, and then the Bolsheviks issued banknotes of five thousand and ten thousand denominations with the same sign, simply using ready-made matrices. This money was in circulation right up to the formation Soviet Union, which, as is known, was proclaimed at the end of 1922.
Next are more banknotes in denominations of 1000, 5000, 10000 rubles:

And now it’s even more interesting - the sleeve patches of the Red Army had an image of a swastika with the abbreviation RSFSR; officers and soldiers of the Red Army of the South-Eastern Front wore it since 1918:

The cavalry of the South-Eastern Front received the swastika as a sleeve chevron in November 1919. Its description, in which the hook cross is designated by the abbreviation “LYUNGTN”, was attached to the order of Commander V.I. Shorin, a former tsarist colonel, an experienced military leader and Knight of St. George, who is believed to have been the originator of this idea:

“Rhombus 15x11 centimeters made of red cloth. In the upper corner there is a five-pointed star, in the center there is a wreath, in the middle of which is “LYUNGTN” with the inscription “R.S.F.S.R.” The diameter of the star is 15 mm, the wreath is 6 cm, the size “LYUNGTN” is 27 mm, the letters are 6 mm. The badge for command and administrative personnel is embroidered in gold and silver and for the Red Army soldiers is stenciled. The star, “LYUNGTN” and the ribbon of the wreath are embroidered in gold (for Red Army soldiers with yellow paint), the wreath itself and the inscription are embroidered in silver (for Red Army soldiers with white paint).”

PROBABLY A CHEVRON OF THAT TIME:

AND HERE IS THE SLEEVE BADGE OF A RED ARMY MAN OF THE BASHKIR UNITS OF THE RED ARMY, SAMPLE 1919, QUALITY COPY, USSR

And here is a classic of the genre - the award badge of the commanders of the South-Eastern Front of the Red Army in 1918-1920.

Here's another interesting point- a document with the seal of the Management Department of the Moscow Council of Workers, Peasants and Red Army Deputies:

and a closer look:

By the way, the Department of Administration of the Council of Deputies is a very important, interesting and practically unexplored bureaucratic structure of the Bolshevik regime.
He was in charge of elections to the Soviets, supervised political organizations and the church, supervised the police, forced labor and concentration camps, the evacuation of prisoners and refugees, contacted the Cheka, monitored compliance with Soviet legislation in Soviet documents, etc. and so on.
The flag of his future explorer is still underfoot. Can someone take this flag in their hands?

Well, for a snack - “Delaunay-Belleville 45 CV” of Nicholas II - on the Swastik radiator cap:

And the quality is better - the swastika on the hood of Nicholas II's car. Tsarskoe Selo, 1913:

At the end of what you have read, I would like to suggest answering a few questions (it is advisable not to start from generally accepted historical knowledge, let it be better base there will be an alternative history).
So, who printed this strange money in 1917? Who came to power under the guise of a "provisional government"? “Whose” army had a swastika on its chevrons?

/1/- Today in Tibet./2/- Swastika microdistrict./3/- Swastika onancient temple in Japan.

San Diego, California (USA), “The Epoch Times” (RF).

borders Mexico (South America).

/mer ex-artist Schwarzenegger/ (photo from space, 2006)

Photo (1) Modern Tibet. Sergei Forostovsky from the website of the famous international newspaper “The Epoch Times” (RF).

Briefly, in the absence of Communist Party censorship, we will touch upon this unpopular topic in order to understand what it, the swastika, means. So, briefly about the meaning of the swastika and its historical roots…

-Hakenkreutz -SWASTIKA -the Sanskrit name of a symbolic sign depicting a hook cross (among the ancient Greeks this sign, which became known to them from the peoples of Asia Minor, was called “tetraskele” - “four-legged”, “spider”). This sign was associated with the cult of the Sun among many peoples and was found already in the Upper Paleolithic era and even more often in the Neolithic era, primarily in Asia (according to other sources, the oldest image of the swastika was discovered in Transylvania, it dates back to the late stone age; the swastika was also found in the ruins of the legendary Troy, this bronze age). Already from the 7th-6th centuries BC. e. it is included in Buddhist symbolism, where it means the secret doctrine of the Buddha. The swastika is reproduced on the oldest coins of India and Iran (BC penetrates from there to China); V Central America also known among the Mayans as a sign indicating the circulation of the Sun. Dictionary of international symbols and emblems Pokhlebkin V.V., International relationships, 1994

So, like a swastika graphic image can be found in any ancient cult around the world - in Britain, Ireland, in the vast modern Ukraine and Russia, Mycenae, Gascony, among the Etruscans, Indians, Celts and Germans, in central Asia and pre-Columbian America. It was associated with Russian-Vedic (Perun, Svarog, Semargl) and Hindu gods (Agni, Shiva, Vishnu), ancient Greek deities (Zeus, Helios, Athena), and Nordic gods - the hammer of the thunder god Thor was sometimes depicted as a swastika. Symbol solar energy in Babylon and Egypt - also the swastika. It is impossible to cover all the interpretations of this sign. Let's focus only on the most significant ones.

- “The problem with the damn swastika is that it is an overly ambiguous symbol...” notes Antony Burgeos, (Earth Power). Take a look at some examples of different swastikas (there are many):

The swastika in ancient times symbolized good luck; the word itself comes from the Sanskrit word for “prosperity.” This cross, rotated both clockwise and counterclockwise, can be found on Navajo tablecloths, Greek pottery, Cretan coins, Roman mosaics, artifacts recovered from the excavations of Troy, on the walls of Hindu temples, and in many other cultures throughout history. . It is often a symbol of the sun's passage across the heavens, turning night into day - hence its broader meaning as a symbol of fertility and the rebirth of life; the ends of the cross are interpreted as symbols of wind, rain, fire and lightning.

In heraldry, the swastika is known as the crampone cross, from crampon, “iron hook.” Of course, there were exceptions to the positive image of the swastika - the most famous was the German Hakenkreuz or "hooked cross", which Nazi Party adopted as a symbol in 1919. And in the east, the swastika can cause negative associations. In India, for example, the shape with the ends turned counterclockwise, sometimes called "sauvastika", can signify night and black magic, as well as the god Kali, the "black god" who brings death and destruction.

By the way, a variant of the swastika, like identification mark Red Army, was considered at one time by the young government Soviet Russia. But then, initially, a devilish sign was chosen - a star.

Swastika in the Red Army (RSFSR) Cavalry, Southwestern Front 1919-20:

Swastika on the coat of arms of Russia (on the money of the Provisional Government of 1917 and seal of the Moscow Provincial Council people's deputies in 1919. It is interesting that blue swastikas were often sewn onto the red stars of budenovkas...

Note According to V.O. Dainesa, in Central state archive Soviet army There is an appendix to the order of the troops of the South-Eastern Front No. 213 for 1918, which describes a new emblem for personnel: “Rhombus 15x11 centimeters made of red cloth. In the upper corner there is a five-pointed star, in the center there is a wreath, in the middle of which “LYUNGTN” with with the inscription "R.S.F.S.R." The diameter of the star is 15 mm, the wreath is 6 cm, the size of "LYUNGTN" is 27 mm, the letters are 6 mm. The badge for the command and administrative personnel is embroidered in gold and silver and for the Red Army soldiers is stenciled. The star, "LYUNGTN" and the ribbon of the wreath are embroidered in gold (for Red Army soldiers with yellow paint), the wreath itself and the inscription are embroidered in silver (for Red Army soldiers - with white paint).

Source http://www.ostfront.ru/Soldatenheim/Swastika.html

In Soviet Russia sleeve patches Since 1918, fighters of the Red Army of the South-Eastern Front were decorated with a swastika with the abbreviation RSFSR inside. The swastika also appears on new banknotes of the Provisional Government, and after October 1917 - on banknotes of the Bolshevik Communist Party. In 1917, the Provisional Government introduced new banknotes in denominations of 1000, 5000 and 10000 rubles, which depicted not one swastika, but three: two smaller ones in the side ligatures and a large swastika in the middle. Money with swastikas was in use until 1922. and only after the formation of the Soviet Union were they taken out of circulation.

Swastika in Rus' http://www.algiz-rune.com/swrus.htm#null

The 20th century is a time of oddities. This largely applies to the swastika. Take a look, for example, at this photograph of a forest near Berlin. The trees are planted in such a way that in autumn and spring the gaze sliding from above along the tree crowns encounters something painfully familiar. This afforestation was the work of a fanatical Hitler follower in the 1930s. True, these trees have already been cut down...

Swastikas were also on Russian money (enlarged).

see Swastika historical roots http://www.uganska.net/news/articles/1243/print /

Swastika - or svastya , /ukr. -shastya/, translated from Russian and Ukrainian, which also has Aryan roots, according to the famous Ukrainian archaeologist and historian prof. and academician 3 academies, incl. and New York,Mr. Shilova Yu.A. and others - means HAPPINESS!

The swastika appeared a long time ago and has been associated with fascism only since the twentieth century. Therefore, it is quite common in India, Tibet and other countries of the world; the image of a swastika in a gilded smalt mosaic of the 11th century can be found even in the center of the capital of Ukraine - Kiev, in the famous St. Sophia Cathedral, founded by the Great Prince of Kyiv from the Rurik family Yaroslav the Wise. According to one legend, the Germans did not blow up this cathedral, now protected by UNESCO, because they saw an image of a swastika on its walls... (see the article by S.M. Paukov, “Secrets of the Library of Yaroslav the Wise,” posted on the website http://www.epochtimes.ru/content/view/4425/34/ and etc.).

Thus, according to experts, the ancient symbol of the swastika has been used for thousands of years, in virtually every culture, as a symbol of good luck, protection, symbolizing life and the change of seasons.

And further - The flag of the Finnish Air Force has long had a swastika. they, in turn, got it from the Swedes with the first... plane.
According to an explanation on the website of the Finnish Defense Forces, the swastika, as an ancient symbol of happiness of the Finno-Ugric peoples, was adopted as a symbol of the Finnish Air Force back in 1918.

Although, under the terms of the peace treaty after the end of the Continuation War in 1945, the Finns were supposed to abandon its use, this was not done. The appearance of the current flag was established by decree of President U.K. Kekkonen of November 8, 1957. The explanation on the website of the defense forces emphasizes that, unlike the Nazi one, the Finnish swastika is strictly vertical.

ALSO SEE The image of the swastika was present on banknotes, as in Tsarist Russia
, and under the Bolsheviks until 1923.
http://www.ostfront.ru/Swastika/Rubl.jpg
http://www.rne.org/images/rubl3.jpg

-The sleeve patches of the Red Army had an image of a swastika with the abbreviation RSFSR; officers and soldiers of the Red Army of the South-Eastern Front wore it since 1918.

http://www.ostfront.ru/Swastika/Cav.jpg

with a swastika. -ceremony of presenting a flag with a swastika to the Air Force Flight School by President Tarja HalonenScientistChirag Badlani reasonably believes that “ The swastika symbolizes much more than the Nazis intended. The swastika has existed as a symbol of kindness and happiness for thousands of years, long before the advent of Nazism. This symbol is very important to many cultures, it represents their history and their faith. The Nazis, by appropriating the swastika, negated the importance of this

ancient symbol. Today, most people associate the swastika with evil, death and destruction. It is very sad to see that the swastika has turned from a symbol of life and joy into a symbol of evil. This is something that the ancients could not have imagined.”

Source
In the Masonic tradition, the swastika is a symbol that supposedly wards off evil and misfortune.

Third Reich Großdeutsches Reich

Note: Third Reich (German)Drittes Reich- "Third Empire") - unofficial name German Empire from March 24, 1933 to May 23, 1945. Some historians mistakenly consider the day of Germany's surrender on May 8 to be the day of the fall of the Third Reich. It officially ceased to exist only on May 23 after the arrest of the government of Karl Dönitz. Titles are also used Nazi Germany , Thousand Year Reich. The Third Reich came to replace - one of the awards of the Third Reich.

In the twentieth century, the swastika acquired new meaning, the swastika or Hakenkreuz ("hooked cross") became a symbol of Nazism. Since August 1920, the swastika began to be used on Nazi banners, cockades, armbands. In 1945, all forms of swastikas were banned by the Allied occupation authorities.

http://lan.obninsk.ru/forum/index.php?act=Print&client=printer&f=18&t=129 AND ETC.

Based on media materials and from the draft of a new book by writer Sergei Paukov from Kyiv Adolf Hitler's "Honeymoon" in 1945

PAUKOV S.M.independent researcher, writer(My address: Paukov Sergey Makarovich PO Box-210,

mountains Kyiv, Ukraine Kyiv-206, 02206, Ukraine.E-mail: )

S. M. PAUKOV, independentexplorer, writerKiev, Ukraine Eng My address: Sergey PAUKOV,P/OBox210,

Kiev, Ukraine02206. e-mail: This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. To view it, you must have JavaScript enabled