Interesting facts from life
great mathematicians.
Mathematics is a tool with the help of which a person cognizes and conquers the world around him.
To make a discovery in mathematics, you must love it as each of the great mathematicians loved it, as dozens and hundreds of other people loved and love it. Do even a small part of what each of them did, and the world will forever remain grateful to you.
Pal Erdős
He worked in a variety of areas of modern mathematics. Winner of many mathematics awards. Erdős's lifestyle can be described as
"wandering mathematician" He traveled between scientific conferences and the homes of colleagues around the world. Erdős was a heavy amphetamine user (using a psychoactive substance called a central nervous system simulator).
One day, his colleague bet $500 that Paul could not survive a month without the drug. Erdős won the argument, but complained that mathematical science had received nothing from him this month: “I used to look at Blank sheet paper and my mind was filled with ideas. Now I just see a blank sheet of paper.”
After winning the argument, he returned to his habit.
Pal Erdős, one of the most prolific mathematicians of our time, lived to a ripe old age and was very fond of making fun of his age. For example, he once said that he was two and a half billion years old, because in his youth the age of the Earth was considered to be two billion years, and now it is considered to be four and a half billion years.
Ernst Eduard Kummer
For one of his works on mathematical analysis, the university immediately awarded him a doctorate. In number theory, he studied Fermat's Last Theorem a lot and proved it for a whole class of simple exponents. Kummer also proved the reciprocity law for all power residues with a simple exponent.
The German mathematician Kummer, an expert in the field of number theory, was very at odds with arithmetic. Once, during classes with students, he needed to multiply 7 by 9. “Seven is nine...” Kummer began, “seven is nine, that will be...” “Sixty-one!” - suggested one of the students. Kummer wrote 61 on the board. “Sir,” said another student, “but it will be 66.” “Gentlemen,” Kummer replied, “choose one of two, or 61, or 66.”
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
Gottfried was not yet fourteen years old when he amazed his school teachers, showing a talent that no one suspected in him. He turned out to be a poet - according to the concepts of that time, a true poet could only write in Latin or Greek.
At the age of fifteen, Gottfried became a student at the University of Leipzig. In terms of his preparation, he was significantly superior to many older students.
Intending to show people that binary numbering is not fun, but a method with a great future, the famous German mathematician G. Leibniz made a special medal. It depicts a table of the simplest operations on numbers in the binary system and the phrase: “To bring everything out of insignificance, one is enough.”
Leonard Euler
Euler is one of the most brilliant mathematicians of all time.
Euler was born in Switzerland, in the city of Basel, in 1707. He received his master's degree at the age of 16. After 4 years, he went to Russia, where he became a member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences. His first works concerned navigation, but then he devoted himself entirely to mathematics. Euler is known for his extraordinary work ethic, which eventually led him to lose sight in one eye. Euler received worldwide recognition for his works on mechanics, and for his work on sea tides and low tides he received a prize from the Paris Academy of Sciences. Euler's health required climate change, and in 1738 he went to Berlin, where he also worked very hard and published his main scientific works.
Euler returned to Russia. Catherine the Second assigned him a permanent salary from her own funds. Unfortunately, after arriving in St. Petersburg, Euler fell ill and lost his second eye. But even blind, he continued to work. He wrote formulas with chalk on a blackboard, and he dictated work to his friends. Euler's genius and creativity developed until he was very old. He wrote over 800 works.
They say that Euler did not like the theater, and if he got there, succumbing to the persuasion of his wife, then in order not to get bored, he performed complex calculations in his head, choosing their volume so that it was enough just until the end of the performance.
By nature, Euler was good-natured, kind-hearted, practically did not quarrel with anyone, was cheerful and sociable. He loved music and philosophical conversations.
Euler was a caring family man, willingly helped his colleagues and young people, and generously shared his ideas with them. There is a known case when Euler delayed his publications on the calculus of variations so that the young and unknown Lagrange, who independently came to the same discoveries, could publish them first. Lagrange always admired Euler both as a mathematician and as a person; he said: “If you really love mathematics, then read Euler.”
Andre Marie Ampere
The famous French physicist and mathematician Andre Marie Ampère (1775 – 1836) was born into the family of a businessman. Young Andre spent days in his father's library. The young man was interested in fine literature, and he even wrote poetry, but the physical and mathematical sciences turned out to be much more attractive. At the age of 13, he had already submitted his first works in mathematics to the Academy of Lyon!
Andre was incredibly distracted. One day, leaving his house, he wrote on the door with chalk: “Gentlemen! The owner is not at home, come in the evening.” Soon Ampère returned, but when he saw this inscription on the door, he left again. He came home late in the evening.
In the last years of his life, Ampere was interested in geology and biology, and actively participated in discussions about evolution in the world of living organisms.
Ampere died of pneumonia at the age of 61. On his tombstone are carved the words: “He was as kind and as simple as he was great.”
Lewis Carroll
(Charles Lutwidge Dodgson)
Soon after its publication (in 1865), Lewis Carroll's book "Alice in Wonderland" fell into the hands of the Queen of England. She was delighted with Alice's amazing adventures and immediately demanded that she bring her other books by such a wonderful writer. Imagine her disappointment when it turned out that other works of this author were devoted to mathematics.
He was educated at Oxford, where he entered at the age of 18, and then worked at the same university until the end of his life, teaching mathematics and logic and being a deacon there at the same time.
Euclid
... the famous "Elements" of Euclid long years served as a model of mathematical writing and the basis for the study of mathematics. Unfortunately, almost no information about the biography of Euclid has reached us; we do not even know the dates of his birth and death. What is firmly established is that he lived and worked in Alexandria in the 3rd century. BC.
King Ptolemy 1, in order to exalt his state, attracted scientists and poets to the country, creating for them a temple of muses - Museion. There were halls for classes, botanical and zoological gardens, an astronomical office, astronomy tower, rooms for solitary work and, most importantly, a magnificent library. Among the invited scientists was Euclid, who founded in Alexandria - the capital of Egypt _ math school and wrote his fundamental work for her students.
Of course, like other great people, many legends are known about him, one of which is very instructive. The Egyptian king Ptolemy 1 asked Euclid if there was a shorter way to understand geometry than the one contained in the Elements (in the modern edition this book has more than 500 pages, and, of course, it takes a lot of time and diligence to study it) . Euclid proudly answered Ptolemy that in “geometry there is no royal road».
Mikhail Vasilievich Ostrogradsky
In early childhood, Mikhail Vasilyevich showed rare observation and mobility. He loved to measure the sizes of toys and other objects, the depth of holes and wells. For this purpose, he always had a cord with a stone tied in his pocket. Mills were of particular interest to him, and he could for a long time watch the movement of the wings of a mill or water wheel.
... the famous mathematician Ostrogradsky came up with some unusually tempting mathematical idea at that moment. When he was walking along one of the St. Petersburg streets. Immediately he began to cover what he thought was a black board with formulas, intended for recording calculations. Suddenly the board began to move away from him. It turned out that it was not a chalkboard, but a carriage. The amazed mathematician, catching up with the carriage, began shouting to the coachman: “Wait! Where are you in a hurry? I'm here now!
Such extreme absent-mindedness often accompanies extreme concentration of mind.
Sofia Kovalevskaya
When Sonya Kovalevskaya was 8 years old, the walls of her room were covered with sheets from a higher mathematics textbook due to a lack of wallpaper. As Kovalevskaya later recalled, “from long daily contemplation appearance many formulas are etched in my memory.” At the age of 15, Kovalevskaya began systematically studying higher mathematics.
Sofya Vasilievna herself wrote that all her life she could not decide “what she was more inclined towards - mathematics or literature.”
Her poem:
Have you ever been indifferent
Walking idle among the crowd,
And suddenly some passionate song
Do you accidentally hear sounds?
An unexpected wave hits you
The memory of previous years smelled
And something sweet and dear
The soul responded in response.
It seemed to you that these sounds
You heard it more than once as a child.
So much happiness, bliss, torment
They were remembered for you.
You were in a hurry with your usual hearing
I can catch a familiar tune,
I wanted you behind every sound
Follow every word.
It seems that everything is known about them, but read this article and you will understand - many Interesting Facts from the life of scientists we are not yet aware of.
Mikhail Lomonosov
We know that Mikhail Lomonosov is a supporter of enlightenment who created the first university. His contribution to the development of science cannot be overestimated. But not everyone knows that his colleague Georg Richmann was killed by a blow to the forehead ball lightning, which the scientist managed to catch during a thunderstorm. M. Lomonosov himself had a cheerful, but at the same time rather tough disposition, and in some cases was an extremely hot-tempered person.
Once on Vasilyevsky Island, three sailors decided to rob him. This circumstance angered the scientist so much that he laid one aggressor on the ground unconscious, the second, frightened with a bloody face, he put into a shameful flight, and the third important dignitary decided to rob the third himself. The scientist took off the unlucky robber’s pants, camisole, and jacket, tied all this “good” into a bundle and set off with his “loot” towards the house.
Large, incredibly strong, with excellent health, M. Lomonosov died from a trivial cold that overtook him in early spring.
Charles Darwin
If we are talking about animals, then we should 
draw the reader's attention to this famous study who had extraordinary curiosity. Even the thought: “What do animals taste like?” - gave him no rest.
While still a student, Darwin joined a gourmet club, whose members ate something unusual every week. He had a chance to taste the meat of bittern, hawk, and many other exotic animals, and only the taste of the old owl was so disgusting that Charles was forced to terminate his membership.
After some time, he ends up on the Beagle ship and continues his gastronomic explorations there. At his dinner one could see dishes made from agouti meat (the most delicious dish, according to Darwin), Galapagos tortoise, rhea bird, armadillo, and puma. The scientist loved to joke and once noted that everything he eats wakes him up.
Einstein is a loser
His teachers considered him lazy and incapable of learning. According to teachers, it mental capacity were meager, and he was not even able to obtain a matriculation certificate. The first attempt to enter the Zurich Polytechnic was a failure.
But it was not the meager mind of a genius, but only unforgivable mistakes in the educational process that were to blame for everything. Already, as an adult, Einstein repeated that educational methods were very far from perfect.
From his words it becomes clear that the creative processes emerging in the minds of students were completely destroyed by teachers. Albert said that the sacred curiosity necessary for scientific research was mercilessly killed. Creative process, according to Einstein, is incompatible with “cramming.” He had a negative attitude towards mechanical learning of material and considered this method extremely harmful.
Newton and his prediction
Recently, as reported 
Megaportal, the records of Isaac Newton, which are three hundred years old, were presented to the public. They interpret verses from the Bible, specify the dimensions of the Jerusalem Temple, and calculate the exact date of the Apocalypse. The scientist who laid the foundation modern physics, mathematician, optics and astronomy, died 280 years ago. Interestingly, he is presented as a theologian who wrote Jewish law and sought out predictions about the approaching end of the world.
In a manuscript dating back to 1700, Newton calculates the date of the Apocalypse and comes to the conclusion that the end of the world is possible no earlier than 2060.
According to the scientist, this “bright” event may happen later. Isaac wrote that he was not going to predict the exact date, but only wants to put an end to the ridiculous assumptions of fanatics who have repeatedly declared that the end of the world is approaching.
We invite you to meet such a great mathematician as Euclid. Biography, summary his main work and some interesting facts about this scientist are presented in our article. Euclid (life years - 365-300 BC) - mathematician dating back to the Hellenic era. He worked in Alexandria under Ptolemy I Soter. There are two main versions of where he was born. According to the first - in Athens, according to the second - in Tire (Syria).
Biography of Euclid: interesting facts
There's not much of that about life. There is a message belonging to Pappus of Alexandria. This man was a mathematician who lived in the 2nd half of the 3rd century AD. He noted that the scientist we were interested in was kind and gentle with all those who could somehow contribute to the development of certain mathematical sciences.
There is also a legend reported by Archimedes. Her main character- Euclid. A short biography for children usually includes this legend, since it is very interesting and can arouse interest in this mathematician among young readers. It says that King Ptolemy wanted to study geometry. However, it turned out that this is not easy to do. Then the king called the scientist Euclid and asked him if there was any easy way to comprehend this science. But Euclid replied that there was no royal road to geometry. So this expression, which became popular, came to us in the form of a legend.
At the beginning of the 3rd century BC. e. founded the Alexandria Museum and Euclid. A short biography and his discoveries are associated with these two institutions, which were also educational centers.
Euclid - Plato's student
This scientist went through the Academy founded by Plato (his portrait is presented below). He learned the main philosophical idea of this thinker, which was that there is an independent world of ideas. It is safe to say that Euclid, whose biography is sparse in details, was a Platonist in philosophy. This attitude strengthened the scientist in the understanding that everything that was created and outlined by him in his “Principles” has eternal existence.
The thinker we are interested in was born 205 years later than Pythagoras, 63 years later than Plato, 33 years later than Eudoxus, 19 years later than Aristotle. He became acquainted with their philosophical and mathematical works either independently or through intermediaries.
The connection between Euclid's Elements and the works of other scientists
Proclus Diadochus, a Neoplatonist philosopher (years of life - 412-485), author of comments to the "Elements", expressed the idea that this work reflects Plato's cosmology and the "Pythagorean doctrine ...". In his work, Euclid outlined the theory of the golden section (books 2, 6 and 13) and (book 13). Being an adherent of Platonism, the scientist understood that his “Principles” contributed to Plato’s cosmology and to the ideas developed by his predecessors about the numerical harmony that characterizes the universe.
Proclus Diadochos was not the only one who appreciated the Platonic solids and (years of his life - 1571-1630) was also interested in them. This German astronomer noted that there are 2 treasures in geometry - these are golden ratio(division of a segment in the mean and extreme ratio) and the Pythagorean theorem. He compared the value of the last of them with gold, and the first with precious stone. Johannes Kepler used the Platonic solids in creating his cosmological hypothesis.
Meaning "Started"
The book "Elements" is the main work that Euclid created. The biography of this scientist, of course, is marked by other works, which we will discuss at the end of the article. It should be noted that works with the title "Principles", which set out all the most important facts theoretical arithmetic and geometry, were compiled by his predecessors. One of them is Hippocrates of Chios, a mathematician who lived in the 5th century BC. e. Theudius (2nd half of the 4th century BC) and Leontes (4th century BC) also wrote books with this title. However, with the advent of Euclidean "Principles" all these works were forced out of use. The book of Euclid was the basic teaching aid in geometry for more than 2 thousand years. The scientist, creating his work, used many of the achievements of his predecessors. Euclid processed the available information and brought the material together.
In his book, the author summed up the development of mathematics in Ancient Greece and created a solid foundation for further discoveries. This is the significance of Euclid’s main work for world philosophy, mathematics and all science in general. It would be wrong to believe that it consists in strengthening the mysticism of Plato and Pythagoras in their pseudo-universe.
Many scientists appreciated Euclid's Elements, including Albert Einstein. He noted that this amazing work, which gave the human mind the self-confidence necessary for further activities. Einstein said that the person who did not admire this creation in his youth was not born for theoretical research.
Axiomatic method
It should be noted separately the significance of the work of the scientist we are interested in in the brilliant demonstration in his “Principles”. This method in modern mathematics is the most serious of those used to substantiate theories. It also finds wide application in mechanics. Great scientist Newton built the "Principles of Natural Philosophy" on the model of the work created by Euclid.
Basic provisions of "Beginnings"
The book "Principia" systematically expounds Euclidean geometry. Its coordinate system is based on concepts such as plane, straight line, point, motion. The relations that are used in it are the following: “a point is located on a line lying on a plane” and “a point is located between two other points.”
The system of provisions of Euclidean geometry, presented in a modern presentation, is usually divided into 5 groups of axioms: motion, order, continuity, combination and parallelism of Euclidean.
In the thirteen books of “Principles,” the scientist presented arithmetic, stereometry, planimetry, and relations according to Eudoxus. It should be noted that the presentation in this work is strictly deductive. Every book of Euclid begins with definitions, and in the first of them they are followed by axioms and postulates. Next come sentences, divided into problems (where you need to build something) and theorems (where you need to prove something).
Disadvantage of Euclid's Mathematics
The main drawback is that the axiomatics of this scientist are not complete. The axioms of motion, continuity and order are missing. Therefore, the scientist often had to trust his eye and resort to intuition. Books 14 and 15 are later additions to the work authored by Euclid. There is only a very brief biography of him, so it is impossible to say for sure whether the first 13 books were created by one person or are the fruit of the collective work of a school led by a scientist.
Further development of science
The emergence of Euclidean geometry is associated with the emergence of visual representations of the world around us (rays of light, stretched threads as an illustration of straight lines, etc.). Then they deepened, thanks to which a more abstract understanding of such a science as geometry arose. N. I. Lobachevsky (life years - 1792-1856) - Russian mathematician who made an important discovery. He noted that there is a geometry that differs from Euclidean. This changed scientists' ideas about space. It turned out that they are by no means a priori. In other words, the geometry set out in Euclid’s Elements cannot be considered the only one describing the properties of the space surrounding us. The development of natural science (primarily astronomy and physics) has shown that it describes its structure only with a certain accuracy. In addition, it cannot be applied to the entire space as a whole. Euclidean geometry is the first approximation to understanding and describing its structure.
By the way, Lobachevsky’s fate turned out to be tragic. He was not accepted into scientific world for your brave thoughts. However, this scientist’s struggle was not in vain. The triumph of Lobachevsky's ideas was ensured by Gauss, whose correspondence was published in the 1860s. Among the letters were the scientist’s enthusiastic reviews of Lobachevsky’s geometry.
Other works of Euclid
The biography of Euclid as a scientist is of great interest in our time. He made important discoveries in mathematics. This is confirmed by the fact that since 1482 the book “Principles” has gone through more than five hundred editions. various languages peace. However, the biography of the mathematician Euclid is marked by the creation of not only this book. He owns a number of works on optics, astronomy, logic, and music. One of them is the book “Data,” which describes the conditions that make it possible to consider one or another mathematical maximum image as “data.” Another work of Euclid is a book on optics, which contains information about perspective. The scientist we are interested in also wrote an essay on catoptrics (in this work he outlined the theory of distortions that occur in mirrors). Euclid's book entitled "Division of Figures" is also known. The work on mathematics “Unfortunately, it has not survived.
So, you met such a great scientist as Euclid. We hope you found his brief biography useful.
Dmitry Mendeleev is a great Russian scientist and encyclopedist. All his activities, interests and ideas were not limited to one area of knowledge. A selection of interesting facts about Mendeleev tells about this unique personality, which has achieved tangible practical results in physics, chemistry, geology, meteorology, instrument engineering and many other areas of scientific knowledge.
- The future great scientist was born in large family. He was the seventeenth in a row. Even at that time, such a family was rare among the Russian intelligentsia.
- As a child, Dmitry Ivanovich was not particularly diligent in his studies. At the gymnasium he had bad marks By Latin language and the Law of God. The situation did not change while studying at the Main pedagogical institute Petersburg. A careless student managed to fail all subjects except mathematics in his first year. And his math scores were “unsatisfactory.” The turning point occurred at the end of training. For an excellent certificate he received gold medal, and at the same time a referral to the position of senior teacher at a gymnasium in Southern City– Simferopol.
- Facts from Mendeleev’s life indicate that he was a versatile person who was fascinated and interested in almost everything. One of unusual hobbies there was the making of suitcases. His products were different high quality and good quality. The secret lay in a special recipe for preparing the adhesive mixture, which the scientist invented himself. All the merchants of Moscow and St. Petersburg sought to get suitcases “from Mendeleev himself.”
- Theory inorganic origin oil belongs to Mendeleev. In this area he made a number of important discoveries and statements. For example, he insisted that burning oil is an inappropriate use of an invaluable natural resource, since it is a source of new chemical products. He also talked about how oil could be stored in tanks and pumped through pipes.
- The Russian Academy of Sciences did not favor Dmitry Ivanovich. She never accepted him into the ranks of its members, and more than once rejected his candidacy for the title of Nobel Prize laureate.
- It is impossible not to at least briefly mention one of Mendeleev’s most important discoveries - the periodic table of chemical elements, in which the scientist built simple substances Ascending atomic mass. It was real breakthrough because at that time not everything chemical elements were known to science. The scientist left empty cells for them, thereby pushing humanity to new discoveries. For example, element number 101 was discovered in 1955 and was named after the great Russian scientist - Mendelian.
March's most popular materials for the classroom.
Ivan Petrovich Pavlov is one of the most famous physiologists in the world, who eclipsed his teachers, a brave experimenter, the first Russian laureate Nobel Prize, possible prototype of Bulgakov's professor Preobrazhensky.
Surprisingly, in his homeland they know quite little about his personality. We studied the biography of this outstanding person and tell you a few facts about his life and legacy.
1.
Ivan Pavlov was born into the family of a Ryazan priest. After theological school, he entered the seminary, but, contrary to his father’s wishes, did not become a clergyman. In 1870, Pavlov came across Ivan Sechenov’s book “Reflexes of the Brain”, became interested in physiology and entered St. Petersburg University. Pavlov's specialty was animal physiology.
2.
First year teacher inorganic chemistry Pavlova was Dmitry Mendeleev, who a year earlier published his periodic table. A younger brother Pavlova worked as an assistant to Mendeleev.
3.
Pavlov's favorite teacher was Ilya Tsion, one of the most contradictory personalities of its time. Pavlov wrote about him: “We were directly amazed by his masterfully simple presentation of the most complex physiological issues and his truly artistic ability to perform experiments. Such a teacher is not forgotten throughout his life.”
Zion irritated many colleagues and students with his integrity and integrity; he was a vivisector, an anti-Darwinist, and quarreled with Sechenov and Turgenev.
Once, at an art exhibition, he got into a fight with the artist Vasily Vereshchagin (Vereshchagin hit him on the nose with his hat, and Tsion claimed that he hit him with a candlestick). It is believed that Zion was one of the compilers of the “Protocol of the Elders of Zion.”
4.
Pavlov was an implacable opponent of communism. "You are wrong to believe in world revolution. You are spreading not revolution across the cultural world, but fascism with enormous success. There was no fascism before your revolution,” he wrote to Molotov in 1934.
When the purges of the intelligentsia began, Pavlov wrote to Stalin in rage: “Today I am ashamed that I am Russian.” But even for such statements the scientist was not touched.
Nikolai Bukharin defended him, and Molotov sent letters to Stalin with the signature: “Today the Council of People’s Commissars received a new nonsense letter from Academician Pavlov.”
The scientist was not afraid of punishment. “The revolution found me at almost 70 years old. And somehow a firm conviction stuck in me that the period of active human life exactly 70 years. And that is why I boldly and openly criticized the revolution. I told myself: “To hell with them!” Let them shoot. Life is over anyway, I will do what my dignity demanded of me.”
5.
Pavlov's children's names were Vladimir, Vera, Victor and Vsevolod. The only child whose name did not begin with V was Mirchik Pavlov, who died in infancy. The youngest, Vsevolod, also lived a short life: he died a year before his father.
6.
Many eminent guests visited the village of Koltushi, where Pavlov lived.
In 1934 they visited Pavlov Nobel laureate Niels Bohr with his wife and science fiction writer H.G. Wells with his son, zoologist George Philip Wells.
Several years earlier, H. G. Wells had written for The New York Times article about Pavlov, which contributed to the popularity of the Russian scientist in the West. After reading this article, the young literary critic Berres Frederick Skinner decided to change his career and became a behavioral psychologist. In 1972, Skinner was named the most outstanding psychologist of the 20th century by the American Psychological Association.
7.
Pavlov was a passionate collector. At first, he collected butterflies: he grew them, caught them, and begged them from traveling friends (the pearl of the collection was a bright blue butterfly with a metallic sheen from Madagascar). Then he became interested in stamps: a Siamese prince once gave him stamps from his state. For every birthday of one of the family members, Pavlov gave him another collection of works.
Pavlov had a collection of paintings, which began with a portrait of his son, which was painted by Nikolai Yaroshenko.
Pavlov explained his passion for collecting as a reflex of purpose. “Life is only bright and strong for the one who strives all his life to constantly achieve, but never achievable goal or moves with equal fervor from one goal to another. All life, all its improvements, all its culture becomes a reflex of a goal, is done only by people striving for one or another goal they have set for themselves in life.”
8.
Pavlov’s favorite painting was “Three Heroes” by Vasnetsov: the physiologist saw in Ilya, Dobrynya and Alyosha images of three temperaments.
9.
On back side On the moon next to the Jules Verne crater is the Pavlov crater. And circling between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter is the asteroid (1007) Pavlovia, also named after the physiologist.
10.
Pavlov received Nobel Prize for a series of works on physiology digestive tract in 1904, eight years after the death of its founder. But in his Nobel speech, the laureate said that their paths had already crossed.
Ten years earlier, Nobel had sent Pavlov and his colleague Marcellius Nenetsky a large sum to support their laboratories.
“Alfred Nobel showed a keen interest in physiological experiments and offered us several very instructive experimental projects that affected highest tasks physiology, the question of aging and dying of organisms.” Thus, he can be considered to have received the Nobel Prize twice.
This is the personality hiding behind big name and the stern white beard of an academician.
A frame from the movie “Heart of a Dog” was used in the design of the article.
