“Reflections at the Main Entrance” Nikolai Nekrasov
Here front entrance. On special days,
Possessed by a servile illness,
The whole city with some fear
Drives up to the treasured doors;
Having written down your name and rank,
The guests are leaving for home,
So deeply pleased with ourselves
What do you think - that’s their calling!
And in ordinary days this magnificent entrance
Poor faces besiege:
Projectors, place-seekers,
And an elderly man and a widow.
From him and to him you know in the morning
All the couriers are jumping around with papers.
Returning, another hums “tram-tram”,
And other petitioners cry.
Once I saw the men come here,
Village Russian people,
They prayed at the church and stood away,
Hanging their brown heads to their chests;
The doorman appeared. “Allow me,” they say
With an expression of hope and anguish.
He looked at the guests: they were ugly to look at!
Tanned faces and hands,
The Armenian boy is thin on his shoulders,
On a knapsack on their bent backs,
Cross on my neck and blood on my feet,
Shod in homemade bast shoes
(You know, they wandered for a long time
From some distant provinces).
Someone shouted to the doorman: “Drive!
Ours doesn’t like ragged rabble!”
And the door slammed. After standing,
The pilgrims untied their wallets,
But the doorman did not let me in, without taking a meager contribution,
And they went, scorched by the sun,
Repeating: “God judge him!”
Throwing up hopeless hands,
And while I could see them,
They walked with their heads uncovered...And the owner of luxurious chambers
I was still in deep sleep...
You, who consider life enviable
The intoxication of shameless flattery,
Red tape, gluttony, gaming,
Wake up! There is also pleasure:
Turn them back! Their salvation lies in you!
But the happy are deaf to goodness...The thunder of heaven does not frighten you,
And you hold earthly ones in your hands,
And these unknown people carry
Inexorable grief in the hearts.Why do you need this crying sorrow?
What do you need these poor people?
Eternal holiday quickly running
Life doesn't let you wake up.
And why? Clickers3 fun
You are calling for the people's good;
Without him you will live with glory
And you will die with glory!
More serene than an Arcadian idyll4
The old days will set.
Under the captivating sky of Sicily,
In the fragrant tree shade,
Contemplating how the sun is purple
Plunges into the azure sea,
Stripes of his gold, -
Lulled by gentle singing
Mediterranean wave - like a child
You will fall asleep, surrounded by care
Dear and beloved family
(Waiting impatiently for your death);
They will bring your remains to us,
To honor with a funeral feast,
And you will go to your grave... hero,
Silently cursed by the fatherland,
Exalted by loud praise!..However, why are we such a person?
Worrying for small people?
Shouldn't we take our anger out on them?
Safer... Even more fun
Find some consolation in something...
It doesn’t matter what the man will endure:
This is how providence guides us
Pointed out... but he’s used to it!
Behind the outpost, in a wretched tavern
The poor will drink everything down to the ruble
And they will go, begging along the road,
And they will groan... Native land!
Name me such an abode,
I've never seen such an angle
Where would your sower and guardian be?
Where would a Russian man not moan?
He moans across the fields, along the roads,
He groans in prisons, in prisons,
In the mines, on an iron chain;
He groans under the barn, under the haystack,
Under a cart, spending the night in the steppe;
Moaning in his own poor house,
I am not happy with the light of God's sun;
Moans in every remote town,
At the entrance of courts and chambers.
Go out to the Volga: whose groan is heard
Over the great Russian river?
We call this groan a song -
The barge haulers are walking with a towline!..
Volga! Volga!.. In spring, full of water
You're not flooding the fields like that,
Like the great sorrow of the people
Our land is overflowing, -
Where there are people, there is a groan... Oh, my heart!
What does your endless groan mean?
Will you wake up full of strength,
Or, fate obeying the law,
You have already done everything you could, -
Created a song like a groan
And spiritually rested forever?..
Analysis of Nekrasov’s poem “Reflections at the Main Entrance”
The textbook poem “Reflections at the Front Entrance” was written by Nikolai Nekrasov in 1858, becoming one of the many works that the author dedicated to the common people. The poet grew up on a family estate, but due to the cruelty of his own father, he realized very early that the world was divided into rich and poor Nekrasovs, and he himself was among those who were forced to eke out a semi-beggarly existence. Since he was disinherited and earned his living independently from the age of 16. Understanding what it was like for ordinary peasants in this soulless and unjust world, the poet regularly addressed social issues in his works. What depressed him most was the fact that the peasants did not know how to defend their rights and did not even know what exactly they could count on under the law. As a result, they are forced to turn into petitioners, whose fate directly depends not so much on the whim of a high-ranking person, but on the mood of an ordinary doorman.
Petitioners visit one of the houses in St. Petersburg especially often, because the governor lives here. But getting to him is not an easy task, since a formidable doorman stands in the way of the applicants, shod in “homemade bast shoes.” It is he who decides who is worthy of meeting with an official and who should be driven away, even despite a meager offering. Similar attitude to petitioners is the norm, although the peasants, naively believing in the myth of the good master, blame his servants for everything and leave without achieving justice. However, Nekrasov understands that the problem lies not in the doormen, but in the representatives of power themselves, for whom there is nothing sweeter than “the intoxication of shameless power.” Such people are not afraid of “heavenly thunder,” and they easily solve all earthly problems with the power of their own power and money. Such officials are not at all interested in the needs of ordinary people, and this is what he focuses on in his poem. The author is outraged that there is such a gradation in society, because of which it is impossible to achieve justice without money and high social status impossible. Moreover, the Russian peasant is a constant source of irritation and a reason for anger for such a bureaucrat. No one thinks about the fact that it is the peasants who hold everything together modern society which cannot do without free labor. The fact that all people, by definition, are born free is deliberately hidden, and Nekrasov dreams that someday justice will triumph.
Here is the front entrance. On special days, Possessed by a servile illness, The whole city with some kind of fear Drives up to the cherished doors; Having written down their name and title, the guests leave for home, So deeply satisfied with themselves, What do you think - that is their calling! And on ordinary days, this magnificent entrance is besieged by wretched faces: Projectors, place-seekers, And an elderly man, and a widow. From him and to him you know in the morning All the couriers are jumping with papers. Returning, some sing “tram-tram”, And other petitioners cry. Once I saw, the men came here, Russian village people, prayed at the church and stood in the distance, hanging their brown heads to their chests; The doorman appeared. “Allow me,” they say with an expression of hope and torment. He looked at the guests: they were ugly to look at! Tanned faces and hands, A thin little Armenian on his shoulders, A knapsack on his bent backs, A cross on his neck and blood on his feet, Shod in homemade bast shoes (You know, they wandered for a long time From some distant provinces). Someone shouted to the doorman: “Drive away! Ours doesn’t like ragged rabble!” And the door slammed. After standing, the pilgrims untied their purses, but the porter did not let him in, not taking a meager contribution, and they went, scorched by the sun, repeating: “God judge him!”, spreading their arms hopelessly, and, as long as I could see them, they walked with their heads uncovered... And the owner of the luxurious chambers was still in a deep sleep... You, who consider life to be enviable The intoxication of shameless flattery, Red tape, gluttony, gambling, Wake up! There is still pleasure: Turn them back! Their salvation lies in you! But the happy are deaf to good... Heavenly thunders do not frighten you, But you hold earthly ones in your hands, And these unknown people carry inexorable grief in their hearts. What is this crying sorrow to you, what is this poor people to you? An eternal holiday, quickly running Life does not allow you to wake up. And why? You call the clickers amusement for the people's good; Without it you will live with glory and you will die with glory! More serene than the Arcadian idyll, the old days will set. Under the captivating sky of Sicily, In the fragrant shade of trees, Contemplating how the purple sun plunges into the azure sea, With its stripes of gold, - Lulled by the gentle singing of the Mediterranean wave, - like a child You will fall asleep, surrounded by the care of your dear and beloved family (Waiting impatiently for your death) ; They will bring your remains to us, To honor you with a funeral feast, And you will go to your grave... a hero, Silently cursed by your fatherland, Exalted by loud praise!.. However, why are we bothering such a person for small people? Shouldn't we take our anger out on them? - It's safer... It's even more fun to find consolation in something. .. It doesn’t matter what the man endures: So the providence guiding us Indicated... but he’s used to it! Behind the outpost, in a wretched tavern, the poor people will drink up to the ruble, And they will go, begging along the road, And they will groan... Native land! Name me such a monastery, I have never seen such a corner, Where would your sower and guardian be, Where would the Russian peasant not groan? He groans through the fields, along the roads, He groans through prisons, through prisons, In mines, on an iron chain; He groans under a barn, under a haystack, Under a cart, spending the night in the steppe; Moans in his own poor house, The light of God's sun is not happy; Moans in every remote town, At the entrance of courts and chambers. Go out to the Volga: whose groan is heard Over the great Russian river? We call this groan a song - The barge haulers are walking along the towline!.. Volga! Volga!.. In the spring of abundant water You do not flood the fields like our land is overflowing with the great sorrow of the people, - Where the people are, there is a groan... Oh, my heart! What does your endless groan mean? Will you wake up, full of strength, Or, obeying the law of fate, You have already accomplished everything that you could, - Created a song like a groan, And rested spiritually forever?..
Notes: The poem, according to Panaeva’s memoirs, “was written by Nekrasov when he was in the blues. He then lay on the sofa all day, ate almost nothing and did not accept anyone with him. [...] The next morning I got up early and, going to the window, became interested in the peasants sitting on the steps of the front entrance stairs in the house where the Minister of State Property lived (M. N. Muravyov.- V. Korovin). It was deep autumn, the morning was cold and rainy. In all likelihood, the peasants wanted to submit some kind of petition and came to the house early in the morning. The porter, sweeping the street, drove them away; They took cover behind the ledge of the entrance and shifted from foot to foot, pressed against the wall and getting wet in the rain. I went to Nekrasov and told him about the scene I had seen. He approached the window at the moment when the house janitors and the policeman were driving the peasants away, pushing them in the back. Nekrasov pursed his lips and nervously pinched his mustache; then he quickly moved away from the window and lay down again on the sofa. About two hours later he read me the poem “At the Main Entrance.” Nekrasov completely reworked real life material, introducing themes of universal evil, biblical associations, motives of the highest court and retribution. All this gave the poem a generalized symbolic meaning. The idea of “salvation among the people” is combined with thoughts about tragic fate people. Many motifs of the poem go back to the “satirical ode”
Nekrasov’s poetic feat consisted in the fact that he sang without embellishment about Rus', about the people; the poet could never come to terms with the fact that the people were powerless and oppressed. He dedicated his lyre to the people.
The poem “Reflections at the Front Door” (1858) is one of the best examples civil lyrics poet.
The story behind the creation of the poem “Reflections at the Front Entrance” is as follows. Once, from the window of his apartment on Liteiny Prospekt in St. Petersburg, Nekrasov watched a scene as a policeman and janitors drove away a group of peasant petitioners from the entrance of the house where the Minister of State Property M.N. Muravyov lived. The policeman and the janitors pushed them in the back. They hid behind the ledge of the entrance and stood, pondering their next steps. According to the memoirs of A.Ya. Panaeva, Nekrasov nervously pursed his lips, moved away from the window, and after a while read her the poem “Reflections at the Front Entrance.”
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The main theme of the poem is reflections on the fate of the people. Are the people capable of fighting for a just world order or are they “spiritually dead forever”?
The storyline of the poem is as follows: ordinary Russian men approach the front entrance (the doors of power). They deeply believe that they will find help and support from the sovereign official, that he will deal with their complaints. But they are not even allowed to the door of the nobleman. The Walkers sincerely believe in the integrity of the Tsar and his entourage, which is why they traveled a long way across Rus'; this is clearly evidenced by the fact that they have “blood on their feet.” The climax of the poem is a reflection on the topic of “the fate of the people.” The work ends with a question.
Compositionally, the poem is divided into five strophoids, which have 40, 8, 4, 25, 40 lines, respectively. This compositional solution is quite original.
The first line of the poem is very specific: “Here is the front entrance...” The location of the action is determined - this is the front entrance of a rich house. It is to this entrance in special days people drive up to pay their respects. They leave notes in a special book. Satisfied with themselves, they go home.
And on weekdays at this entrance you can see completely different faces - “poor”. Who are they? Projectors, place-seekers, very old people...
One day, ordinary Russian men approached the front entrance. I paid attention to them lyrical hero, who first announced himself with just three words: “Since I saw...” The goal of the men-walkers is to get an appointment with an influential nobleman, but the doorman does not let them through. He looked around at those who approached - their appearance was unsightly. Someone suggested a solution to the doorman: “Drive.” And the walkers set off with nothing...
The second strophoid is separated from the first by an ellipsis. It starts with adversarial union"A". “And the owner of the luxurious chambers...” What is he doing? He is in a deep sleep. The simple men left, “burned by the sun,” which means the sun is already at its zenith, and the nobleman is still sleeping. The motif of sleep is one of the key motifs in the poem “Reflections at the Front Entrance.” The life of the “owner of luxury chambers” is a dream. “Wake up...” the author calls on him.
In the third, small-volume strophoid, the author again makes a sharp turn from the world of wealth to the world of poverty. From an influential nobleman, in a deep sleep, to unknown people carrying “grief in their hearts.”
In the next part of the poem, the intonations are sharp, assertive, and extremely specific. There is an appeal to the one who owns the luxurious chambers:
“Why do you need this crying sorrow,
What do you need these poor people?..”
The charges brought against the person accused are serious and severe. Those who value flattery and endless entertainment will never understand ordinary people. They are deaf to the groans of the people. For them, life is an eternal holiday. This eternal holiday does not allow you to see the light, to wake up.
In terms of genre, the third and fourth strophoids are invective. (Invective - form literary work, sharply accusatory in nature). There is angry pathos, a direct appeal to the addressee of the reproof, lines that include a curse:
“And you will go to your grave... hero,
Silently cursed by the fatherland..."
In the final strophoid, piercing and frank, Nekrasov, addressing the people, asks:
“Will you wake up, full of strength?..”
It was bitter for the poet to see the submission of the people, who did not even dare to grumble about their fate. The poem ends with deep thoughts. Yes, the people are powerless, but they are not crushed. The idea of the powerless position of the people is inseparable in the poem from thoughts about the dormant but genuine forces of the people. Nekrasov was convinced that the time would come when the people would “wake up” and throw off the shackles of slavery.
Main idea poems
“Reflections at the Front Entrance” is a thought about the incompatibility of a decent human existence and lack of rights.
Topics raised by Nekrasov in the poem “Reflections at the Main Entrance” - themes of compassion, humiliation of the people, their downtroddenness, long-suffering, tyranny, awakening.
Contrasts in the poem:
- “the owner of luxurious chambers” and the disadvantaged poor, “small people”,
- a rich house with a grand, magnificent entrance and a poor little house, a “poor tavern”,
- the wide Volga and the wide people's grief (even the mighty Volga does not flood the fields on such a scale as the people's grief is wide).
Issues works
Philosophical problems raised in the work - essence national character, problems of human happiness.
Meter and rhyme
The poetic meter of “Reflections at the Front Entrance” is a multi-foot anapest. Rhyme schemes vary: the work begins with ring circuit(abba), followed by a cross (abab). Next are variations of the adjacent, cross and ring rhyme scheme. The lines use both masculine and feminine rhymes.
Means of artistic expression
Epithets - “solemn days”, “cherished doors”, “village Russian people”, “tattered mob”, “poor tavern”, “luxurious chambers”.
Metaphors - “Lush entrance”, “thin Armenian”, “poor faces”, “crying sorrow”, “advanced days”.
Metonymy - “The whole city... is approaching.”
Common expressions are “vydy”, “koshli” (knapsacks), “for now”.
Rhetorical figures ( rhetorical appeals) - “Volga! Volga!”, “Native land!”, “Oh, dear!”.
Exclamations - “Drive!”, “Wake up!”, “Turn them back!”
Stylistic figure - anaphora
“He moans across the fields...”
“He moans in prisons...”
“He groans under the barn...”
Repeated anaphora (repetition at the beginning) “moans” increases the perception of life as an unbearable burden.
The poem “Reflections at the Front Entrance” to me those liked it that it was written on a special nerve. It does not idealize the Russian peasant, but it also does not offend him. Nekrasov values the peasant; he understands that it is through the efforts of such peasants that the basis of social well-being is created. For a detailed depiction of the picture, the classical genre framework of poetry was too tight for Nekrasov. Therefore, he created the work “Reflections at the Front Entrance”, where they organically coexist different genres: elegy, song, invective, philosophical ode(“Oh, dear one! What does your endless groan mean?”). A work of this kind is of particular interest.
Plan for analysis of the poem “Reflections at the Front Entrance”
1. Introduction
2. Which direction in lyricism does it belong to?
3. The history of the creation of the poem
4. The main idea of the poem “Reflections at the Main Entrance”
5. Compositional structure
6. Summary poem “Reflections at the Main Entrance”
7. The main idea of the poem
8. Topics raised in the poem
9. Contrasts in the poem
10. Issues
11. Meter and rhyme
12. Means of artistic expression
13. What did you like about the poem?
is a writer who dedicated a lot of his works to ordinary people and the lives of ordinary people, raising social issues. Very often he was offended by the fact that the peasants were unable to defend their point of view, their rights. He was also outraged by the fact that they did not even know what exactly was guaranteed to them by law. As a result, peasants turn into supplicants, where their fate is decided not only by high-ranking officials, but also by ordinary doormen who serve these officials. Just one of life situations and was described by the writer in his poem Reflections at the Front Entrance.
Essay Reflections at the Front Entrance
The poem Reflections at the Front Entrance of Nekrasov, which we study in 7th grade, was written in 1858. This poem We looked at it in detail in the lesson and now we will write. In my work I wanted, first of all, to write about the fact that the work is a reflection real life. From Panayeva’s memoirs, the writer saw the situation described in the poem in real life from his window. Being sensitive to people's problems, he could not ignore the people's misfortune, leave ordinary people who on a rainy day came to the minister for help, but were driven away by the janitor. Nekrasov wrote the poem in an instant and today we met him. Now we are ready to write an analysis of the work Reflections at the Front Entrance.
Analysis of the poem
Nekrasov's poem tells us how people often come to the front entrance of the house in which a noble person lived different people. On special days famous people they come to leave their names on paper, as if reminding the nobleman of themselves. But on weekdays people come to this main entrance ordinary people. Some people are lucky and leave with a smile, while others are rejected and leave in tears. This time too, the writer sees men coming to the entrance. The doorman examined them, looked at their clothes and decided that they were not worth waking up the owner. He drives the men away, explaining that his ruler does not like ragged rabble. People tried to pay, but the doorman did not take their meager money.
The men left with their heads bowed while the nobleman slept in a warm bed. And so the writer calls on him to wake up and accept the poor. It’s just the beggars for him, because the rich don’t know the problems of the poor. And why do they need them, because the power is in their hands, and they are not afraid of heavenly judgment. They bathe in wealth, show off at celebrations and are blind to the people's poverty and to the pain of the people. Why do they need someone else's problems when they can live without needing anything and live out their old age in wealth.
The writer writes that on ordinary people It’s easier to vent your anger, and on other issues it’s better not to bother the nobles. And most importantly, the man will endure everything, close his eyes, turn around, go into the shop, take a sip of wine and return home empty-handed.
Nekrasov writes that he has never seen such a place where the common people did not moan and lament. The groan of the people is heard everywhere and this groan has already become a song. The writer writes that people’s grief is like the flood of a river, it is endless. But will the people wake up, will they declare themselves, will they find strength in themselves? Or all that men are capable of is to create a song that is similar to a groan and nothing more?
A classic came out of hand large number poems written under a strong impression. This is how the work “Reflections at the Front Entrance” became, which was born within a few hours.
Reflections at the front door
Here is the front entrance. On special days,
Possessed by a servile illness,
The whole city is in some kind of fright
Drives up to the treasured doors;
Having written down your name and rank,
The guests are leaving for home,
So deeply pleased with ourselves
What do you think - that’s their calling!
And on ordinary days this magnificent entrance
Poor faces besiege:
Projectors, place-seekers,
And an elderly man and a widow.
From him and to him you know in the morning
All the couriers are jumping around with papers.
Returning, another hums “tram-tram”,
And other petitioners cry.
Once I saw the men come here,
Village Russian people,
They prayed at the church and stood away,
Hanging their brown heads to their chests;
The doorman appeared. “Allow me,” they say
With an expression of hope and anguish.
He looked at the guests: they were ugly to look at!
Tanned faces and hands,
The Armenian boy is thin on his shoulders,
On a knapsack on their bent backs,
Cross on my neck and blood on my feet,
Shod in homemade bast shoes
(You know, they wandered for a long time
From some distant provinces).
Someone shouted to the doorman: “Drive!
Ours doesn’t like ragged rabble!”
And the door slammed. After standing,
The pilgrims untied their wallets,
But the doorman did not let me in, without taking a meager contribution,
And they went, scorched by the sun,
Repeating: “God judge him!”
Throwing up hopeless hands,
And while I could see them,
They walked with their heads uncovered...
And the owner of luxurious chambers
I was still in deep sleep...
You, who consider life enviable
The intoxication of shameless flattery,
Red tape, gluttony, gaming,
Wake up! There is also pleasure:
Turn them back! Their salvation lies in you!
But the happy are deaf to goodness...
The thunder of heaven does not frighten you,
And you hold earthly ones in your hands,
And these unknown people carry
Inexorable grief in the hearts.
Why do you need this crying sorrow?
What do you need these poor people?
Eternal holiday quickly running
Life doesn't let you wake up.
And why? Clickers' fun
You are calling for the people's good;
Without him you will live with glory
And you will die with glory!
More serene than an Arcadian idyll
The old days will set:
Under the captivating sky of Sicily,
In the fragrant tree shade,
Contemplating how the sun is purple
Plunges into the azure sea,
Stripes of his gold, -
Lulled by gentle singing
Mediterranean wave - like a child
You will fall asleep, surrounded by care
Dear and beloved family
(Waiting impatiently for your death);
They will bring your remains to us,
To honor with a funeral feast,
And you will go to your grave... hero,
Silently cursed by the fatherland,
Exalted by loud praise!..
However, why are we such a person?
Worrying for small people?
Shouldn't we take our anger out on them? -
Safer... More fun
Find some consolation in something...
It doesn’t matter what the man endures;
This is how providence guides us
Pointed... but he's used to it!
Behind the outpost, in a wretched tavern
The poor will drink everything down to the ruble
And they will go, begging along the road,
And they will groan... Native land!
Name me such an abode,
I've never seen such an angle
Where would your sower and guardian be?
Where would a Russian man not moan?
He moans across the fields, along the roads,
He groans in prisons, in prisons,
In the mines, on an iron chain;
He groans under the barn, under the haystack,
Under a cart, spending the night in the steppe;
Moaning in his own poor house,
I am not happy with the light of God's sun;
Moans in every remote town,
At the entrance of courts and chambers.
Go out to the Volga: whose groan is heard
Over the great Russian river?
We call this groan a song -
The barge haulers are walking with a towline!..
Volga! Volga!.. In spring, full of water
You're not flooding the fields like that,
Like the great sorrow of the people
Our land is overflowing, -
Where there are people, there is a groan... Oh, my heart!
What does your endless groan mean?
Will you wake up full of strength,
Or, fate obeying the law,
You have already done everything you could, -
Created a song like a groan
And spiritually rested forever?..
The history of the creation of the poem
According to the recollections of contemporaries, the poem “Reflection at the Main Entrance” was written at a time when Nikolai Alekseevich was in the blues. This is how Panaeva, with whom he lived for more than ten years, saw him. She described this day in her memoirs, saying that the poet spent the whole day on the couch without even getting up. He refused to eat and did not want to see anyone, so there was no reception that day.
Avdotya Panaeva recalled that, worried about the poet’s behavior, the next day she woke up earlier than usual and decided to look out the window to see what the weather was like outside. The young woman saw peasants on the porch waiting for the front entrance opposite the poet’s house to open. Prince N. Muravyov, who at that time served as the Minister of State Property, lived in this house. Even though the weather was rainy, damp and cloudy, the peasants sat on the steps of the front porch and waited patiently.
Most likely they came here early morning when the dawn is just beginning to rise. From their dirty clothes one could easily understand that they had come from afar. And they probably had only one goal - to submit a petition to the prince. The woman also saw how a doorman suddenly appeared on the steps, began sweeping and drove them out into the street. But the peasants still didn’t leave: they hid behind the ledge of this entrance and, freezing, moving from foot to foot, getting wet to the thread, pressed against the wall, trying to hide from the rain, expecting that maybe they would still be accepted, listened to , or at least they will accept a petition.
Panaeva could not stand it and went to the poet to tell him the whole situation. When Nikolai Nekrasov approached the window, he saw how the peasants were driven away. The janitor and the policeman who had been called pushed them in the back, trying to clear them from the entrance and the yard in general as quickly as possible. This greatly angered the poet, he began to pluck his mustache, which is what he did when he was very nervous, and pressed his lips tightly together.
But he couldn’t watch for a long time, so he very soon moved away from the window, and, lost in thought, lay down on the sofa again. And exactly two hours later he read Avdotya his new poem, which was originally called “At the Main Entrance.” Of course, the poet changed a lot in the picture that he saw in reality, and added fiction to bring up themes of retribution and biblical and righteous judgment. Therefore, this poetic plot has a symbolic meaning for the author.
But the censorship could not miss such a poetic creation by Nekrasov, so it was simply rewritten for five years and passed from hand to hand, rewritten by hand. In 1860 it was published in one of literary magazines, but without indicating the author. Herzen, who contributed to the publication of this Nekrasov poem, in his magazine "Bell", below the text of the poem, also wrote a note in which he said that poems are rarely included in their magazines, but
“There is no way not to place the poem.”
The author's attitude towards his work
In his story, the poet shows a simple and common situation for that time, when peasants become humiliated and insulted. The situation depicted by the author, for the morals and practices of that time, was business as usual and is familiar to many contemporaries. But Nikolai Alekseevich turns it into a whole story, which is based on real and truthful facts.
The poet shows his attitude to the fact that the peasants, accustomed to humiliation, do not even try to protest. They, like silent slaves, quietly allow themselves to be bullied. And this habit of theirs also horrifies the poet.
Some readers may also consider in its plot a call for rebellion, which the poet, as a patriot of his beloved country and suffering people, created in such an interesting poetic form. And now, when his patience has already reached a certain peak, he calls on his people to rise up against slavery and injustice.
The main idea that Nekrasov is trying to convey is that the people will not be able to get through or even stand at the front entrance.
We need to act differently.
Basic images and means of expression
The main image of the entire Nekrasov poem is, first of all, the author himself, whose voice sounds constantly, and the reader feels his attitude to everything that is happening and to the problem that he raises. But nevertheless, he does not name himself, and creates his image as if he is not speaking from himself, but as if hidden behind reality, behind those pictures of the world that he draws with the help of expressive means. In every detail you can see the author who is trying to emphasize his attitude to reality.
The characters in Nekrasov's plot are different. Most of them are united by one thing - suffering and hero. The author divides all the petitioners who visit this front entrance into two groups: someone comes out humming something pleasant to themselves, and the second group of people usually comes out crying.
And after such a division, the second part of his story begins, where he immediately speaks directly about what once he, the poet Nikolai Nekrasov, happened to see. With each new line in the plot, the voice of the author grows, who became an involuntary witness of human grief and servility. And the poet’s voice sounds strong and angry, since he feels not at all like a witness, but like a participant in all this.
It is enough to read carefully the characteristics that the author gives to the peasants who came with a petition. They wait, do not ask, and when they are not accepted, then, having come to terms with this, they obediently wander on. And soon the author takes the reader to those rooms where the peasants were never able to get into. The writer shows the life of such an official who continues to humiliate the peasants, considering himself superior to them.
In the third part of Nekrasov’s plot, you can hear the grief of the poet himself, who is indignant and protests against such an attitude towards the peasants. But how does an official feel who so easily drives the peasants away? And here the author uses means of expression to make his monologue more lively and visual:
⇒Expression.
⇒Complex sentences.
⇒Rhetorical exclamations and questions.
⇒Dactylic rhyme.
⇒Alternation of anapests: trimeter and tetrameter.
⇒Conversational style.
⇒Antithesis.
Analysis of the poem
The author tries to show the contrast between the life of a well-fed official who does what he is passionate about gambling, gluttony, constant lies and falsehood in everything, and a completely different opposite life among the peasants who do not see anything good.
The life of a peasant is tragic, and prisons and prisons are always ready for the peasant. The people are constantly oppressed, which is why they suffer so much. Such strong people perishes at the behest of officials, whose generalized portrait is shown in the poem.
Nikolai Nekrasov is outraged by such a long patience of the common people. He tries to become their protector, because they themselves are not indignant or complain. The poet and the official calls on him to come to his senses, to finally remember his duties, because his task is to serve for the benefit of his homeland and the people who live here. The author is indignant at the fact that such order and lawlessness reign in his beloved country, and hopes that this will all stop soon.
But the author addresses not only the official, but also the people themselves, who are silent. He asks him how much longer he can endure and when, finally, he will wake up and stop being filled with grief and suffering. After all, their terrible groan is heard throughout the country, and it is terrible and tragic.
The poet's indignation is so great, and his faith is so strong that the reader has no doubt that justice will prevail.
