What Bazhenov created. Russian architect Vasily Ivanovich Bazhenov: the best works and interesting facts

Architect Vasily Ivanovich Bazhenov was born in 1737 on March 1 in the Kaluga province (according to other sources - in 1738 in the city of Moscow). He comes from the family of a psalm-reader, who was transferred to the Mother See after the birth of his son.

Since childhood I loved to draw. His first works were drawings of temples and churches, tombstones and various buildings that he saw around the house.

The father of the future architect wished that his son would continue his work and assigned him to the Strastnoy Monastery. But the talent and desire could not be appeased: Bazhenov, at the age of 15, managed to persuade a local painter, who was already at a very advanced age, to take him to study.

Bazhenov, although he studied painting within the monastery walls, was still a self-taught painter who managed to master one of the most complex techniques of painting - etching. Thanks to his talent, at the age of less than eighteen he became a 2nd class painter.

During the restoration of Golovin's palace, which was damaged in a fire, Vasily Bazhenov was noticed by an architect and invited to the architectural school he created as a free listener. This status helped a young man who had no sufficient quantity funds, attend only the classes he needs, and earn extra money the rest of the time. Ukhtomsky himself helped Vasily earn additional income, having recognized his student’s talent.

In 1755, Vasily Bazhenov began studying at Moscow University, where he became interested in foreign languages. Directly to art classes, the young man was engaged in painting, sculpture, and architecture.

Under the patronage of I.I. Shuvalov in 1757, the young man was sent to the Academy of Arts of the city of St. Petersburg, where he was admitted to a course with the architect Savva Ivanovich Chevakinsky. There he showed his abilities to the fullest, and was invited by the teacher as an assistant to the construction of the Naval Cathedral.

For achievements achieved, in 1759, the Academy of Arts sent Bazhenov to Paris, putting him on full board. There, the young man studied European architecture and in 1760 entered the Paris Academy of Arts, where he studied with Professor Charles Devailly, an adherent of the classicism style.

In 1762, Vasily Ivanovich went to Italy, where ancient monuments became the subject of his study.

During this period, the architect Bazhenov was accepted as a member of the Bologna and Florence academies, and the Academy of St. Luke in the city of Rome awarded him an academician's diploma and awarded him the title of professor.

The return to Paris took place in 1764.

The architect returned to St. Petersburg in 1765 and received the title of academician at his alma mater. He was supposed to receive a professorship, but the leadership at the academy that had changed refused him this. Other obligations were not fulfilled, after which the architect Vasily Ivanovich Bazhenov resigned from academic service.

The move to Moscow took place in 1767, where the master was supposed to begin construction by decree of Catherine II. Between 1767 and 1773 he created grandiose project, providing for the reconstruction of the entire ensemble of the Moscow Kremlin. The project was generally approved, and a groundbreaking ceremony took place in 1773.

In the same year, Bazhenov made a model in wood of the Grand Kremlin Palace planned for construction. On 120 sleighs she was sent to the then capital and exhibited for inspection in Winter Palace. It is not clear what happened, but the empress did not approve the building project (the model is kept in the present day).

While working in Moscow, the architect also created an entertainment complex, which was erected on Khodynskoye Field for celebrations on the occasion of the anniversary of the signing of the peace treaty between Russian Empire and Turkey. Churches, palaces, medieval fortresses and castles were built on the area in different architectural styles (Russian, classical, and Gothic).

Another order of Catherine the Second was the construction of her residence in the settlement of Chernaya Gryaz near Moscow (now Tsaritsyno Park). The complex was built in a pseudo-Gothic style and included about 17 buildings, including Grand Palace, Bread House and Opera House. Unfortunately, the place did not become the residence of the Russian Tsarina. In addition, on her instructions, most of the existing buildings were simply razed to the ground.

All these ups and downs, both with the Kremlin Palace and with Black Mud (Tsaritsyno), affected my health talented architect and unsettled him for a long time.

G., as vice-president of the Academy of Arts. Bazhenov had a natural talent for art, which he discovered as a child, sketching all kinds of buildings in the ancient capital. This passion for drawing attracted the attention of the architect Dimitry Ukhtomsky to B., who accepted him into his school. From Ukhtomsky's school B. moved to Acad. artist Here he turned out to know architecture so much that the teacher of this art, S.I. Chevakinsky, made a talented young man assisting his people in the construction of the St. Nicholas Naval Cathedral. On Sept. Mr. B. was sent to Paris for the final development of his talent. Having become an apprentice to Professor Duval, B. began making models of architectural parts from wood and cork and completed several models of famous buildings. In Paris, for example, he made, with strict proportionality of parts, a model of the Louvre Gallery, and in Rome - a model of the Church of St. Petra. Studying architecture using models led Bazhenov to study the work of the Roman architect Vitruvius. Upon returning to Russia, living in Moscow, B. compiled full translation all 10 books of architecture by Vitruvius, printed in 1790-1797. in St. Petersburg, in the printing house of I. A. Kh. Thoroughly familiar with his art theoretically, B. was one of the best practical builders of his time, distinguished as much by the art of planning as by the grace of the form of the designed buildings, which he showed upon his very return to fatherland, for the celebration of the “inauguration” of the building of the Academy of Arts (June 29). He owned the decoration of the main facade of the building from the Neva. The project for the building of the current palace in the Ekateringof park, with greenhouses, a menagerie, carousels and other luxury projects of that time, was composed by B. according to the academic program, for the degree of professor. The implementation was recognized by the Academy's council as quite worthy, but the author of the project was retained with the title of academician, which he had received three years earlier, while he was abroad. This injustice forced B. to take a leave of absence from the academic service, and Prince G. G. Orlov assigned him to his artillery department as chief architect, with the rank of captain. In this position, B. built an arsenal building in St. Petersburg on Liteinaya Street. (now the building judicial institutions), and in Moscow, in the Kremlin, the building of the arsenal and senate along Znamenka, Pashkov's house (now the Moscow Rumyantsev Museum), and in the vicinity of the capital - the palace in Tsaritsyn and the Petrovsky Palace, built by Kazakov, his assistant. In the Kremlin, instead of walls serving as a fence for shrines and palaces, Bazhenov designed a continuous row of buildings, which were ceremoniously laid, at the behest of Catherine II, who, in fact, however, did not even think of carrying out the idea of ​​a skilled architect. To the Empress at the end Turkish War it was necessary to give food for speculation about the expenditure of tens of millions on a grandiose palace, and the artist was given a theme that he developed on a model with great talent. The effect was proper, but the construction was postponed and then abandoned completely. The same fate befell the Tsaritsyn Palace. B. Catherine, in the summer of the year, came for three days to ancient capital, visited the construction work of the palace in Tsaritsyn and, finding it gloomy, ordered construction to be stopped. Bazhenov did not receive another appointment, and, left without any means of subsistence, opened an art institution and began working on private buildings. The change in his career and Catherine’s disfavor is explained by his relations with Novikov’s circle, which instructed him to report to the heir to the crown prince about his election by the Moscow Freemasons as Supreme Master. In these relations with the Tsarevich, Catherine suspected political goals, and her anger fell on B. earlier than on others, but the matter did not go further than expulsion from the service, and in the city he was again accepted into the service by the Admiralty Collegium and transferred his activities to St. Petersburg. B. built a palace and a church for the heir on Kamenny Island and designed various special buildings for the fleet in Kronstadt. Upon accession to the throne, Paul I appointed him vice-president of the Academy of Arts. and instructed him to draw up a project for the Mikhailovsky Castle, prepare a collection of drawings of Russian buildings for historical research domestic architecture and, finally, provide an explanation on the question: what should be done to give the proper course to the development of the talents of Russian artists at the Academy of Arts. Bazhenov eagerly began to carry out the gracious instructions of the monarch, patron Russian art, and he could, no doubt, have done a lot if death had not completely unexpectedly cut short his life.

V. I. Bazhenov. Project for the reconstruction of the Moscow Kremlin. 1767-75. Plan. Historical Museum. Moscow.

Bazhenov, Vasily Ivanovich(-99), architect of the transitional style from Baroque to Classicism. Bazhenov is one of the most talented Russian architects. B.'s main works: an unfinished palace in Tsaritsyn (near Moscow), Pashkov's house, later the Rumyantsev Museum, now the Lenin Library (presumably), a project (unfulfilled) of a grandiose Kremlin palace.

Literature: Grabar I., History of Russian Art, vol. III, M. (b. g.).

V. I. Bazhenov. Wooden model of the Kremlin Palace in Moscow (fragment). 1773. Research Museum of Architecture named after. A. V. Shchuseva. Moscow.

Bazhenov Vasily Ivanovich, Russian architect, draftsman, architectural theorist and teacher; representative of classicism. Born into a sexton's family. Studied: in Moscow with D.V. Ukhtomsky (1753-55) and at Moscow University (1755); in St. Petersburg - with S. I. Chevakinsky (from 1756), in the Academy of Arts (1758-60) with A. F. Kokorinov and J. B. Vallin-Delamot; as a pensioner of the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts - at the School fine arts in Paris (1760-62) with C. de Wailly. In 1762-64 he visited Italy, where he was elected professor at the Academy of St. Luke in Rome and a member of the Academy of Arts in Bologna and Florence. Academician from 1765, vice-president of the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts in 1799.

Bazhenov was the first Russian architect to think of a building in its connection with its surroundings, as a volumetric composition that actively organizes the space of the city. His project (1767-75) of a palace for the Moscow Kremlin (with simultaneous reconstruction of the entire ensemble and Red Square) was noted for the breadth of his urban planning plans. With this project, the Kremlin was transformed into a grandiose public forum with a main oval square, to which the main radial streets of Moscow converged. The Kremlin’s connection with urban development was strengthened by the removal of the main facade of the palace (laid in 1773; a wooden model is in the A. V. Shchusev Scientific Research Museum of Architecture in Moscow) to the line Kremlin walls. At the same time, the powerful rusticated base of the palace and the solemn colonnade as high as the two upper floors were supposed to hide behind them the ancient buildings of Cathedral Square, which would significantly disrupt the traditional appearance of the Kremlin.

V. I. Bazhenov. "Bread Gate" in Tsaritsyn (Moscow). Between 1779 and 1787.

Bazhenov is an outstanding Russian architect of the era of Catherine II and Paul I - the founder of classicism in Russia, an architectural theorist, painter and graphic artist who made a great contribution to the development of world artistic culture.

Bazhenov Vasily Ivanovich was born on March 1, 1737 in the Kaluga province, the village of Dolskoye, in the family of a psalm-reader (from other sources - in 1738 in Moscow), who after the birth of his son was transferred to Moscow. From an early age Vasily loved to draw. He sketched temples, buildings, tombstones, and in winter he sculpted his first architectural creations from snow. His father wanted Vasily to follow in his footsteps and send him to study as a singer at the Strastnoy Monastery. But the desire to paint did not go away in the monastery, and at the age of 15 Bazhenov persuaded the poor old painter to take him in. With him, Vasily took part in the restoration of the Golovin palace after the fire (1753), where he painted the stoves to look like marble. Bazhenov was a self-taught painter who also mastered etching (the most complex painting technique), and thanks to his abilities he became a 2nd class painter before he was 18 years old.

During work in the palace, V. Bazhenov’s abilities were noticed by D.V. Ukhtomsky, and took him to his architectural school as a free student in 1751. This made it possible for Vasily Bazhenov, who had no means of subsistence, not to attend classes all the time, and to have the opportunity to earn extra money. Very often, Ukhtomsky himself provided the opportunity to earn extra money for a talented student. As one of the best students, Vasily Bazhenov was sent by Ukhtomsky to paint, dismantle and install the Cross in the Sretensky Monastery. Grand Cross depicting biblical scenes and significant events from the life of Christ was made by the famous carver Grigory Shumaev.

In 1755, Bazhenov entered Moscow University, where he became interested in studying foreign languages, he achieved particular success in learning French. In art classes he studied painting, sculpture and architecture. In 1757, at the request of I.I. Shuvalov was sent to study at the Academy of Arts in St. Petersburg with the famous architect S.I. Chevakinsky. Working in the architect's studio, Vasily Bazhenov showed great talent for architecture. And Chevakinsky, during the construction of the St. Nicholas Naval Cathedral, took him as his assistant. In 1758 he was admitted to the architectural class, where he studied and worked with the famous architects De la Motta and Kokorinov.

Bazhenov was the first student at the newly opened Academy of Arts and the first “pensioner” sent to Paris in the fall of 1759 to study European architecture. In 1760, in Paris, he passed the exam for the Academy of Arts, and for two years he studied and worked with Professor Charles de Devailly, who taught Bazhenov all the intricacies of the new architectural style - classicism. After Paris in 1762, Bazhenov went to Italy, where he studied true antiquity. Bazhenov became especially famous for creating his models from wood and cork. In Paris, he created a model of the Louvre Gallery, and in Rome, St. Peter's Cathedral. Bazhenov was elected a member of the Bologna and Florence academies, and the diploma of academician and professor was awarded to Bazhenov by the Academy of St. Luke in Rome. In 1764 he returned to Paris again to continue his study of European architectural styles.

In the spring of 1765, Vasily Bazhenov returned to St. Petersburg and received the title of academician of the Academy of Arts. He also expected to receive the promised position of professor, but the leadership of the Academy of Arts had changed by this time, and the new one denied Bazhenov the position. Although he offered to receive a professor’s degree in an academic program, which included the creation of a complex of entertainment facilities in Yekateringof, which Bazhenov did brilliantly. But he never received a degree or a position, and considering this an injustice, he resigned from academic service. At the end of 1766, Prince G.G. Orlov assigned Bazhenov to the Artillery Department as chief architect with the rank of captain.

In 1767, Bazhenov came to Moscow from St. Petersburg to build the Grand Kremlin Palace on the orders of Catherine II. Bazhenov created a grandiose project (1767-1773), according to which the Kremlin ensemble was to be reconstructed. According to Bazhenov’s plan, the Kremlin ensemble was supposed to become huge public complex with a public meeting area and a theater. The main facade of the Grand Kremlin Palace was located on the line of the Kremlin walls, and the main streets would converge on the main oval square. The project was approved by Catherine II. The ceremony of laying the first stone took place in 1773 and in the same year Bazhenov created a wooden model of the Grand Kremlin Palace. On 120 sleighs, the model was sent to St. Petersburg for approval by Catherine II and exhibited in the Winter Palace, but the project was not approved. Currently, the model is in the Kremlin Armory.

Bazhenov erected an entertainment complex on Khodynskoye Field for festive celebrations in honor of the anniversary of the conclusion of peace between Russia and Turkey. Temples, palaces, castles, and fortresses were built, where Bazhenov used different architectural styles - medieval Russian, classical and Gothic. The combination of red and white colors of buildings with the greenery of nature in the month of June and different colors- uniforms, bright outfits of gypsies and common people with exquisite outfits of aristocrats - all this added unique beauty to the festive celebrations on Khodynskoe Field.

The next order for Bazhenov from Catherine II was the construction of a residence in Tsaritsyno (Chernaya Gryaz estate). The pseudo-Gothic style complex built (1775-1785) included the Grand Palace, the Opera House, the Bread House (kitchen building), a total of 17 buildings and stone bridges. Catherine II said that the Palace was very gloomy and left. The palace in Tsaritsino never became an imperial residence. By order of Catherine II, the entire central part ensemble and a number of buildings, but most they have survived to this day. The construction of the new palace complex was entrusted to the architect M.F. Kazakov. Catherine II's disfavor with Bazhenov was associated with his involvement in Novikov's circle, on whose instructions Vasily Ivanovich was to convey to the crown prince the news of his election as Supreme Master by the Moscow Freemasons. Bazhenov was expelled from service by Catherine II and moved from court architect to disgrace, which affected his career.

Catherine II played a tragic role in the fate of the architect. Almost eight years of titanic work to create the project for the Grand Kremlin Palace and reconstruct the Kremlin ensemble remained on paper. It took ten years to create the project and build the imperial residence in Tsaritsyno, the central part of which was destroyed by order of the empress. This unsettled the architect for a long time and affected his health.

In 1784, Bazhenov received a private order for the construction of the House from P.E. Pashkov, the grandson of Peter I’s orderly. The house was built on Vagankovsky Hill opposite the Kremlin. This architectural masterpiece, became Bazhenov’s best work. Pashkov's house is more like a palace - a majestic three-story building in light colors, built in the classicist style, with a portico crowned with a round superstructure. The house is adjacent to different-level galleries and outbuildings. The Pashkov House is still one of the most beautiful buildings in Moscow; it currently houses the Russian State Library. In 1790, Bazhenov developed one of the projects for the Mikhailovsky Castle.

In 1792, Bazhenov moved to St. Petersburg and was again accepted into service in the Admiralty Board.

Having ascended the throne, Paul I granted Bazhenov the rank of actual state councilor. And in 1799 he issued a Decree appointing Bazhenov vice-president of the Academy of Arts of St. Petersburg. Paul I ordered Bazhenov to draw up a document on the possibility of providing assistance in developing the talents of Russian artists at the Academy of Arts. And also collect drawings of buildings built according to the designs of Russian architects, to conduct a historical study of Russian architecture. These plans were not allowed to come true.

On August 2, 1799, the Russian architect Vasily Ivanovich Bazhenov died suddenly in St. Petersburg.

It has also not been established where the village of Glazovo is located, in which Bazhenov, according to his will, was buried.

Works in Moscow

• 1767-1773 - Project for the reconstruction of the Moscow Kremlin;
• Arsenal and Senate building on Znamenka;
• 1784-1786 - Pashkov House was built (Russian State Library)
• 1775-1785 - design and construction of the Palace complex in Tsaritsyn

Works in St. Petersburg

• 1765 - design of a palace in Yekateringof
• Arsenal building on Liteynaya Street (judicial buildings)
• 1790 - developed one of the projects of the Mikhailovsky Castle

Historical information:

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On March 12 (March 1, old style), 1738, Vasily Ivanovich Bazhenov, a famous Russian architect of the 18th century, was born in Moscow[...]

On March 12 (March 1, old style), 1738, Vasily Ivanovich Bazhenov was born in Moscow, a famous Russian architect of the 18th century, who is credited with many buildings built at that time, but, as it turns out these days, not all of these buildings can reasonably be considered the work of Bazhenov .

The future architect was born into the family of a sexton in one of the Kremlin court families and from childhood discovered a talent for drawing houses, churches and Kremlin walls from life. He studied with the architect Dmitry Ukhtomsky, then at the Academy of Arts, where he showed talent and became an assistant to his teacher Savva Chevakinsky in the design and construction of the St. Nicholas Naval Cathedral in St. Petersburg. He was sent to study in Paris with Professor Charles Devailly, where Bazhenov became a Freemason, but rather for aesthetic reasons, since he was admired by the proportions of Masonic symbolism and architecture.

Returning to Russia, he participated in the publication of Russian translations of the works of Vitruvius and became a conductor of French taste in architecture, a striking manifestation of which was the Pashkov House built by Bazhenov (or attributed to him for two centuries), famous for, that first the Rumyantsev Museum moved here from St. Petersburg, and then the building moved away State Library. However, no documents have been preserved confirming that Bazhenov built this house, and the attribution is based on oral tradition.

But it is known that Bazhenov became friends with His Serene Highness Prince Grigory Orlov, the favorite of Catherine II. Moving Orlov away from the St. Petersburg court, but not wanting to let him go far, the Empress appointed her favorite general-feldzeichmeister for Artillery Corps, Director General of the Corps of Engineers and principal presence in the Office of Artillery and Fortification. In fact, all fortifications and their garrisons were under Orlov’s control, and he was supposed to be quartered in main fortress- Moscow Kremlin.

Active Orlov and dreaming of grandiose urban planning project Bazhenov found common language. And as a result, the mysterious architect became most famous for his project for the reconstruction of Borovitsky Val, that is, a project for a new development of the territory of the Moscow Kremlin. Bazhenov proposed dismantling the Kremlin walls and instead building a continuous row of buildings that would form a ring around the Kremlin’s Cathedral Square, and Borovitsky Hill should be turned into a huge public forum, to which all the streets of the center of Moscow would flock. The buildings were already laid out and illuminated, and the Kremlin wall began to be dismantled, destroying the section facing the Moscow River, including starting the dismantling of six (according to other sources - four) towers. But Empress Catherine received such strong complaints that the Empress considered it best to stop the project, and later the dismantled sections of the Kremlin wall were restored by the architect Matvey Kazakov.

But what was forgiven to Orlov was not forgiven to Bazhenov. The architect was entrusted with the construction of an ensemble of palaces in Tsaritsyn village, and construction began here too. But in 1885, the Empress came to Moscow for 3 days and visited construction work, was indignant that her palace and the grand ducal palace were being plotted same size and ordered the construction to be stopped, the palaces to be dismantled, and the architect to be removed from his craft.

A new chance fell to Bazhenov after the death of Catherine, when Paul I undertook to fundamentally elevate everyone who fell out of favor with the deceased Empress. The new ruler called on Bazhenov and, to begin with, appointed him vice-president of the Academy of Arts, instructing him to prepare a collection of drawings of Russian buildings for a systematic historical study of Russian architecture. Bazhenov took up this work with joy and zeal, but died unexpectedly in August 1799, not having had time to experience the disappointment that soon befell others called by Paul to the court, after Paul was killed on the night of the coup at the turn of the century .

The debate about whether Bazhenov or not Bazhenov is the author of several building projects continues to this day. In the 18th century, when executing private orders, Russian architects often did not indicate their authorship, unlike visiting Italians. As a result, almost all pseudo-Gothic buildings in Moscow and the Moscow region related to the latter quarter XVIII centuries and not having an established authorship, are attributed, according to a two-century tradition, to Vasily Bazhenov or Matvey Kazakov.

Example of a historical portrait

Years of life: 1738-1799

From the biography

• Bazhenov Vasily Ivanovich is a Russian architect, according to whose design many buildings were built, until now amazingly beautiful and greatness, theorist and teacher. Bazhenov became the founder of classicism in architecture in Russia. He was also the founder of Russian pseudo-Gothic.
• Bazhenov worked in the era of Catherine II and Paul I, introducing new elements into architectural appearance Russia.
• Born into a sexton's family. Since childhood, I showed a penchant for drawing. He received an excellent education: he studied with D.V. Ukhtomsky. in Moscow, at Moscow University in 1755, with S.I. Chevakinsky in St. Petersburg, studied for two years at the Academy of Arts (1758-1760) with artists A.V. Kokorinov and Zh.B. Wallen-Delamota. Thus he had excellent teachers.
• At the end of his life he was elected vice-president of the Academy of Arts in St. Petersburg in 1799.
• Bazhenov's fame has gone far beyond the borders of Russia. He was elected professor at the Academy of St. Luke in Rome, member of the Academy of Fine Arts in Bologna and Florence.

The main activities of Bazhenov V.I. and their results

One of the activities was the design of buildings that decorated, first of all, the capital of Russia. He designed and under his leadership built many remarkable buildings, the list of which is amazing. The most famous are: Pashkov's house, palaces and decoration of Tsaritsyn's parks (Bread House, Opera House, figured bridge, arch with a bunch of grapes and many others), Vladimir Church in Bykovo and many others.

The result of this activity began the design and, under his leadership, the construction of many wonderful buildings, which still amaze with their beauty, unusual solutions, combination various styles, the individuality of not only Russians, but also all guests of our country. Its architecture is a new trend in construction, a completely different stage.

Another direction Bazhenov’s activities were scientific, pedagogical work. He created the foundations of new architecture, promoted its new directions: a combination of different styles, the use of landscape in construction, the combination of classics with splendor and grace, and many others. He headed a group of architects when planning the reconstruction of the Kremlin (together with M.F. Kazakov, E.S. Nazarov, and others), however, the work was not completed by order of Catherine II.

Bazhenov was entrusted with heading the Academy of Arts in Moscow, where he also introduced a number of significant changes in teaching, trying to focus teachers on the formation and development of the individuality and uniqueness of each listener.

Bazhenov propagated his experience far beyond the borders of Russia, speaking in prestigious academies world, in some of which he was elected honorary member: Professor at the Academy of St. Luke in Rome, member of the Academy of Fine Arts in Bologna and Florence.

The result of this activity. Theoretical foundations The architecture developed by Bazhenov became a school for many subsequent generations of architects and is still the basis of theory in Russian universities, and pedagogical activity contributed to the education of talented followers who continued his work, embodying Bazhenov’s ideas in their creations.

Features of Bazhenov buildings

• The use of the landscape when creating compositions, its buildings together with the surrounding space created a single whole, complementing each other.
• The building and its outbuildings were built in one row, which gave the appearance of a city building (previously outbuildings usually protruded forward. An example of this is the Pashkov house).

• Grandeur and splendor are combined with harmony, symmetry of buildings, logical thoughtfulness of the proportionality of all parts of the buildings.
• Talented use of color and texture of building materials (gypsum, stone, plaster). His buildings are works of painting with the play of shadow and light.
• Use of pseudo-Gothic motifs (buildings on the Khodynskoye field in Moscow 1774-1775)
• Eclecticism, that is, a combination of styles, is characteristic of buildings in Tsaritsino: elements of romanticism, gothic, ancient Russian motifs.
• Overcoming the limitations of classicism, adding more elegant and colorful elements.

Thus, architect Bazhenov V. made a significant contribution to the architecture of Russia, to the creation of the unique image of the country, laid the foundations for the theory of a new direction in architecture, and led an active pedagogical activity. Russians honor the memory of the architect. The streets of many Russian cities are named after him; a monument was erected to him and another talented architect M. Kazakov.

Material prepared by: Melnikova Vera Aleksandrovna