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Grew up on Russians folk tales and legends. In addition, the aesthetics of the village was familiar to him firsthand, because the poet’s childhood years were spent in family estate Mikhailovskoe. As an adult, Pushkin repeatedly mentally returned to his childhood and recalled with pleasure the evenings spent in the company of his nanny Arina Rodionovna.
The poet had to travel quite a lot, and the road gave him great pleasure. It was on the way that Pushkin could indulge in memories and enjoy the beauty native nature. In addition, he enjoyed communicating with the coachmen, who often told him amazing stories from own life. It was to one of these trips that the poet dedicated a poem in 1833, filled with road romance and anticipation of the holiday, because the poet was again traveling to his native estate Mikhailovskoye.
“The moon is shining, the troika is rushing along the highway”, - this simple picture evokes a feeling of calm and tranquility in the poet’s soul. The author experiences slight boredom, which is a constant companion of his travels, but at the same time enjoys the company of his travel companion, who entertains him with folk songs. Therefore, Pushkin addresses him with the words: “Sing, coachman! I will silently, eagerly listen to your voice.".
Love for folk songs the poet was instilled in childhood, so he knows many of the works performed by the coachman, and admits: “Sweet are my native sounds, the sounds of a daring song”. There is no bragging or arrogance in this recognition - Pushkin does not consider it shameful to admire Russian culture, which at that time was considered imperfect and "common". At the same time, one should not discount the fact that the poet himself received an excellent education and was well versed in the literature of other countries. But at the same time, even a simple peasant song contained for him much more vivid images and emotions than the most popular romantic ballad of the Middle Ages or the lyrics of the era of romanticism.
“The clear moon shines coldly, the distant howl of the wind is sad”, - this landscape perfectly matches the mood of the author, who indulges in memories and dreams of warmth hearth and home. Therefore he asks the driver: “Sing: “Luchinushka, luchina, why aren’t you burning brightly?”. This song warms the heart and inspires hope that the soul will find peace in its native estate, where the poet is in such a hurry.
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Pushkin's poetry has an amazing gift: it affects a person, making him better, cleaner, helping to understand the confusion of thoughts, feelings, spiritual aspirations. We have known Pushkin's poems since youth, constantly rediscovering fairy world his poetry and we never tire of being amazed at its crystal purity, clarity, and spirituality. Every line of his legacy - national treasure, each work is the subject of many years of reflection by scientists, which is why it is so difficult to say something new, original about the work of the great poet.
The subject of our research was a small unfinished poem by A. S. Pushkin “In a pure field it shines silver...”. The purpose of the work is to make a philological analysis of this work, based on literary patterns and subjective perception of the poem. In the process of work, we focused on such aspects as the connection with the poet’s biography, the relationship between the form and content of the work, the presence of allusions and reminiscences in this poem.
The poem by A. S. Pushkin “In a clean field...” was created at the end creative path author, in 1833. He came to Boldino for the second time to complete his “History of Pugachev” and to implement other plans that were rapidly maturing on the road. It is known that before this the poet traveled a lot to Pugachev’s places in the Urals and the Volga region, as this was required by work on historical works “History Pugachev revolt" And " Captain's daughter" It was important for the poet to visit where these events took place, to talk with old-timers, with people who remembered the leader popular uprising. It is quite possible that this poem was conceived during one of the endless trips across the Orenburg steppes. It remained unfinished, most likely because the poet was worried about much more global plans. Pushkin worked greedily, almost always on several works in parallel. After a month and a half of creative solitude, the manuscript of “The History of Pugachev” was ready, “Songs” were written Western Slavs", poem "Autumn", story " Queen of Spades", two fairy tales, the poem "Angelo".
« It’s been a week since I’ve been in Boldin, putting my notes about Pugachev in order, but the poems are still sleeping,” he writes to his wife on October 8, 1833.
Then Pushkin gets to work on the St. Petersburg poem “ Bronze Horseman" And the small, modest poem “In a pure field it shines silver...” no longer attracts the poet’s attention.
It should be noted that the years 1833–1834 begin the last, exclusively difficult period life of Pushkin. The authority of the first Russian poet remains with him, but mainly as an echo of the glory of Pushkin the romantic of the 20s; the deepest discoveries of the mature Pushkin are regarded by the public, critics, and even some friends as signs of “decline.” Much later, V. G. Belinsky will write: “Pushkin’s poetry is surprisingly faithful to Russian reality, whether it depicts Russian nature or Russian characters: on this basis common voice called him a Russian national, people's poet."
The theme of the poem “In a Clean Field...” is traditional for Pushkin’s lyrics - this is the theme of the road. We can recall such poems by the author as “ winter road"(1826), "Demons" (1830), "Journey to Arzrum" (1829). He often traveled across the expanses of Russia and not only of his own free will (Southern exile, exile to Mikhailovskoye).
Let's try to draw some parallels. When comparing two works: “Silver in a Pure Field...” and “Winter Road”, their thematic and semantic unity becomes obvious:
Allusions widely used in the poem “Silver in a Pure Field...”, for example: “... I’m going, I’m going in an open field” (“Demons”), “boring, sad ... my path is boring” (“Winter Road”) and others can serve as evidence that the poem is not distinguished by its novelty of content. We asked ourselves why A.S. Pushkin turns to old motifs and draws anew images that were once used? It should be noted, however, that among all the “road” poems this is closest to folklore. The subject of the image in the poem is also characteristic of Russians folk songs: winter road, early darkness of the night, a frisky troika, the dim light of the month, the howl of the wind... Let us remember the songs composed on behalf of the coachman: “The troika is rushing, the troika is galloping,” “Oh, frost, frost ...,” “The snow is spinning along the road,” or from the rider’s perspective: “ My coachman has fallen silent...", "Be silent, coachman!" It can also be noted language features, which bring Pushkin’s text closer to folk songs, let’s take, for example, the abundance of constant epithets: “clean field”, “high road”, “clear month”, “daring song”. It is impossible to assume that this was an accident. Pushkin deliberately refers us to folklore tradition. The phrase “my dear sounds are sweet to me” speaks about this. The sounds may be pleasant to the ear, but the poet chooses folklore - “sweet”. We conclude that the poem “In a pure field it shines silver...” is distinguished by artlessness, naked simplicity, but most importantly unusual shape- according to its structure, we can attribute it to the sonnet genre.
Sonnet in Literary studies consider a lyric epic work consisting of fourteen lines arranged in a special order: 2 quatrains (quatrains) and 2 tercets (tercettoes), often written in iambic pentameter or hexameter (tetrameter is possible). There are varieties of sonnets that differ in rhyme, foot pattern, and composition. There are such types of sonnets as French, Dutch, English. Let's look at the latter in more detail: it consists of 3 quatrains and 1 couplet, written in iambic pentameter.
Like a view poetic poem The sonnet originated in Italy in the 13th century and became popular in Europe. In Russian poetry, the spread of the sonnet genre was facilitated by V. K. Trediakovsky’s translations of the sonnets of the French writer Jacques de Barro. The tradition of turning to this genre was continued by many famous poets XIX-XX centuries: V. A. Zhukovsky, A. A. Delvig, A. S. Pushkin, A. A. Fet, I. A. Bunin and others.
An interesting remark by the famous Soviet literary critic L.P. Grossman regarding the deviation from tradition in Pushkin’s sonnets. Firstly, this is the lack of consistency in the canon’s rhyming system, secondly, stinginess in various grammatical verbal rhymes, thirdly, repetition unambiguous words in line and others. Still, it is believed that, “despite the deviations, which are fully justified by the internal logic of these poems, Pushkin’s sonnets are indisputably classic sonnets in their Russian tradition.”
According to the leading specialist in modern linguistic poetry V.N. Pertsov, in the works of Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin one can distinguish three sonnets written in 1830, and another one discovered by the American researcher J.T. Shaw at the end of the twelfth scene of the tragedy “Boris Godunov”.
The sonnet form was also found in the work “Silver in a Pure Field...”, which was not published during his lifetime.
Formally, the work is written as unfinished English sonnet with the classical division into three quatrains and one terzetto. The rhyme is cross (adad), but the meter is iambic tetrameter. Let us remember that the classic English sonnet was supposed to be written in iambic pentameter.
In the first quatrain, the author draws an exposition of what is happening around, thereby setting main topic sonnet. What follows is the main part, logically related to main idea. The couplet contains an aphoristic thought that sums up everything said above and gives ideological completeness: “Sing: “Luchinushka, torch, Why aren’t you burning brightly?” From the first lines, the author unfolds a picture before the reader winter night: “In a clean field, the snow is silver, wavy and pockmarked.” The dynamism of the narrative is given by the use of parallel syntactic constructions With simple predicates, expressed by verbs imperfect form: the snow is silvering, the moon is shining, the troika is rushing.
Pushkin was the first Russian poet to discover landscape for readers middle zone Russia. He is laconic in creating the image of a Russian road: “a troika rushes along a pillar road.” This definition emphasizes the monotony of Russian roads, which was also noted by V. G. Belinsky: “... Pushkin’s poetry is surprisingly faithful to Russian reality, whether it depicts Russian nature or Russian characters...”.
The silence of nature is contrasted with the communication between the passenger and the coachman. Triple call: “Sing” expressed by a verb imperative mood, indicates the contact and kinship of souls established between them: “Sweet are my native sounds,” “I will silently, greedily listen to your voice.” Spiritual emptiness and isolation from human world, is emphasized by a semantic trope, a fragmentary description of nature: “The clear moon shines coldly, the distant howl of the wind is sad.” Despite the cheerful companion, lyrical hero wants to return home soon. The road cannot provide the warmth and comfort that awaits him at home.
The author ends the poem with a line from a folk song: “Sing: “Luchinushka, torch, Why aren’t you burning brightly?” Here, behind the seeming lack of plot, a range of feelings is hidden. It was in this sonnet that Pushkin combined road boredom, loneliness, homelessness with a sense of the greatness of nature and the desire for serenity and home comfort. The steps of the ladder, according to another researcher of the poet’s work, V.D. Berestov, were the feelings evoked in the poet’s soul by a folk song. Expressiveness artistic speech intensifies when using the technique of alliteration. In the first stanza, by repeating the sounds (ch), (s), (r), the author managed to convey the sound of snow creaking under the horses’ feet. Immerse the reader in the atmosphere of the road, traveling through a boundless field covered with snow. The poet does not embellish nature, but shows it in natural beauty. Belinsky noted Pushkin’s ability to see beauty in simple things: “...he contemplated nature and reality from a special angle, and this angle was exclusively poetic.” Having analyzed the structure of the poem “In a pure field it shines silver...” and its content, we can come to the conclusion that this is nothing more than a sonnet. The number of lines, as it should be, is fourteen. The lines are divided as in an English sonnet, that is, three quatrains and one couplet. Each stanza has syntactic completeness. The accuracy of the rhymes is manifested: adad and there is an alternation of male and female rhymes: silver-rushing; pockmarked-pillar.
So, the works “Winter Road” and “Silver in a Pure Field...” are very similar to each other, we can assume that after writing three sonnets and their publication in 1830, the poet decided to return to this literary genre and modify his previous poem “Winter Road”. Pushkin, according to the fair remark of V.D. Berestov, did not simply bring out the “ladder of feelings” from folk poetry and made it a literary phenomenon. He combined it with plot, with plot, with other, non-song genres, with non-Russian life material, making the contribution of the Russian people to world literature. Experimenting with the form of the poem “Winter Road,” Pushkin wrote the English sonnet “Silver in a Pure Field,” in which he developed the theme of road boredom and waiting return soon home.
Literature:
1. Belinsky V. G. Works of Alexander Pushkin. Publishing house Soviet Russia. M.: 1984.
2. Berestov V.D. Ladder of feelings (http://vagant2003.narod.ru).
3. Grossman L.P. Masters of the sonnet./Collected works in five volumes, Volume IV. Masters of the Word, Moscow, 1928
4. Dobrolyubov N. A. On the degree of participation of the nationality in the development of Russian literature. Literary criticism, M., GIHL, 1961
5. Pertsov N.V. Sonnet triptych by Pushkin (http://feb-web.ru).
6. Romanov B. A. Russian sonnet [Text]: Russian sonnets poets of the XVIII- beginning of the 20th century / comp., entry. Art., preparation of texts and notes. B. Romanova. - M.: Sov. Russia, 1983. - 512 p.
“In a clean field it shines silver...” Alexander Pushkin
In a pure field it turns silver
The snow is wavy and pockmarked,
The moon is shining, the troika is rushing
Along the highway.Sing: in hours of road boredom,
On the road, in the darkness of the night
My dear sounds are sweet to me
A daring sonorous song.Sing, coachman! I am silent, greedy
I will listen to your voice.
The clear moon shines coldly,
The distant howl of the wind is sad.Sing: “Luchinushka, luchina,
Why aren’t you burning brightly?”
Analysis of Pushkin’s poem “In a pure field it shines silver...”
Alexander Pushkin grew up on Russian folk tales and legends. In addition, the aesthetics of the village was familiar to him firsthand, because the poet’s childhood years were spent on the family estate of Mikhailovskoye. As an adult, Pushkin repeatedly mentally returned to his childhood and recalled with pleasure the evenings spent in the company of his nanny Arina Rodionovna.
The poet had to travel quite a lot, and the road gave him great pleasure. It was on the way that Pushkin could indulge in memories and enjoy the beauty of his native nature. In addition, he enjoyed communicating with the coachmen, who often told him amazing stories from their own lives. It was to one of these trips that the poet dedicated the poem “Silver in a Pure Field...” in 1833, filled with road romance and anticipation of the holiday, because the poet was again traveling to his native estate Mikhailovskoye.
“The moon is shining, the troika is rushing along the highway,” this simple picture evokes a feeling of calm and tranquility in the poet’s soul. The author experiences slight boredom, which is a constant companion of his travels, but at the same time enjoys the company of his travel companion, who entertains him with folk songs. Therefore, Pushkin turns to him with the words: “Sing, coachman! I will silently, greedily listen to your voice.”
The poet’s love for folk songs was instilled in him from childhood, so he knows many of the works performed by the coachman, and admits: “My native sounds are sweet, the sounds of a daring song.” There is no bragging or arrogance in this recognition - Pushkin does not consider it shameful to admire Russian culture, which at that time was considered imperfect and “common.” At the same time, one should not discount the fact that the poet himself received an excellent education and was well versed in the literature of other countries. But at the same time, even a simple peasant song contained for him much more vivid images and emotions than the most popular romantic ballad of the Middle Ages or the lyrics of the era of romanticism.
In a pure field it turns silver
The snow is wavy and pockmarked,
The moon is shining, the troika is rushing
Along the highway.
Sing: in hours of road boredom,
On the road, in the darkness of the night
My dear sounds are sweet to me
A daring sonorous song.
Sing, coachman! I am silent, greedy
I will listen to your voice.
The clear moon shines coldly,
The distant howl of the wind is sad.
Sing: “Luchinushka, luchina,
Why aren’t you burning brightly?”
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