SOBR (Special Rapid Response Squad) are federal and regional special units of the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs, which were regularly (until 2003) part of the departments for combating organized crime of the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs (units of over 200 people were called squads from the late 1990s). In 2002, SOBR detachments were transformed into OMSN (Special Purpose Police Detachment). On November 30, 2011, by order of the Minister of Internal Affairs Rashid Nurgaliev, police units special purpose The Ministry of Internal Affairs again began to be officially called special detachments rapid response.
The main task of the SOBR is to fight organized crime. However, due to changes in the internal political situation, SOBRs were successfully used, including in military operations carried out in the North Caucasus region.

Story
The first special unit in the system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs (police) was the OMSN of the Moscow Main Internal Affairs Directorate. OMSN was formed on November 9, 1978. At that time, preparations for the Olympics were underway in Moscow, and the failure of the German police operation to free Israeli hostages during the Munich Olympics showed how destructive the actions of amateurs can be where professionals should act.

On February 10, 1992, a tactical operations department was created as part of the Main Directorate for organized crime(GUOP) Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. In the fall of 1992, by Presidential Decree Russian Federation The tactical operations department was renamed the special rapid response squad (SOBR).
In September 2002, by order of the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs, SOBR were renamed into special purpose police units (OMSN).

Tasks and functions
The training of employees in SOBR, unlike other special units of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, is clearly individual character. There are a lot of specialists in various directions applications, but interchangeability is paramount. The emphasis of the training is on working against an armed criminal in the city (with a working distance of up to 100 m) and in transport, however SOBRs were successfully used in almost any conditions (forest, mountains, steppes). Much attention is given to physical and psychological preparation.
In the ICR SOBR found successful application not only in cooperation with regular Russian security forces, but also in in certain directions, showed excellent results applications in Chechen campaigns in the first echelons.
SOBR constantly trains by making mock seizures of houses (using climbing equipment), cars and even airplanes. Their training is not inferior to that of the Alpha special forces.

Differences from riot police
SOBR differs from OMON in its organizational and staffing structure and the nature of the tasks performed. Unlike OMON, all SOBR employees have special ranks of police officers. Before the reform of the Ministry of Internal Affairs in 2011, when the police were divided into MOB (public security police) and KM (criminal police), OMON was a unit of the MOB and reported to the head of the MOB, while SOBR was a unit of the KM and reported directly to the head of the GUVD or his deputy.

SOBR, unlike OMON, does not solve the following problems:
- ensuring the protection of public order, including:
- in places with a difficult criminal situation,
- during public events,
- in case of emergency situations,
- suppression of group hooliganism and mass riots.

Documentary film "Our name is SPECIAL FORCES" (watch online)

Special Rapid Response Unit (SOBR)- one of the federal and regional special units of the Federal Service of the National Guard of the Russian Federation (Rosgvardia), which were regularly included (until 2003) in the Department for Combating Organized Crime (RUBOP) of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia (units of over 200 people were called squads). In 2002, SOBR units were transformed into special purpose police units (OMSN). On November 30, 2011, by order of the Minister of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation R. G. Nurgaliev, special-purpose police units of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia again began to be officially called special rapid reaction units.

Patch of the OMSN KM GUVD for Moscow.

The main task of the SOBR is the fight against organized crime. However, due to changes in the internal political situation, SOBRs were successfully used, including in military anti-terrorist operations carried out in the North Caucasus region.

Story

The first special unit in the system of the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs (police) was Special Purpose Police Detachment (OMSN) of the Moscow City Internal Affairs Directorate, formed on November 9, 1978. At that time, preparations were underway in Moscow for the XXII Summer Olympic Games in 1980, and to prevent emergency situations, a special forces unit was created - the first police special forces. True, the unit was originally called a special police detachment (OMON). The detachment was created to work at the Olympics and protect the Olympic flame. After the Olympics, it became clear that the unit would not be left without work. The first combat mission of the special forces was in April 1981 the release of a girl captured by a criminal. The hostage was successfully released, and the detachment was reassigned to the criminal investigation department and made a regular unit of the Moscow Main Internal Affairs Directorate. There were not enough special forces to carry out all operational tasks - there were only a few dozen of them. Then one regiment of the patrol service was entrusted with the fight against riots and was renamed OMON.  There was a period of time when there were two riot police in Moscow at the same time. The police themselves called the detachments “Big” and “Little”. To avoid confusion and misunderstandings, that same “Little” OMON was later renamed into a special police detachment (OMSN). In 2011, OMSN was renamed OSN, and subsequently SOBR. Subsequently, the OMSN of the Central Internal Affairs Directorate for Moscow served as a model for the beginning of the creation of other special units in the police (police) in the Russian Federation.

In the fall of 1992, by decree of the President of the Russian Federation, the tactical operations department was renamed special rapid response squad(SOBR).

In September 2002, SOBR were renamed into special purpose police units (OMSN).

In 2003, some of the MSN units received proper names: “Bulat”, “Lynx”, “Terek”.

As of 2009, the total number of SOBR was 5,200 people in 87 detachments.

In 2011, in connection with the reform of the internal affairs bodies and the renaming of “militia” to “police”, OMSN detachments were renamed OSN (special forces).

In 2012, the name SOBR (special rapid reaction units) was returned to all SN detachments.

Tasks and functions

The training of employees in SOBR, unlike other special units of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, is of a clearly individual nature. There are a lot of specialists in various areas of application, but interchangeability is at the forefront. The emphasis of the training is on working against an armed criminal in the city ( with a working distance of up to 100 m) and in transport, however SOBRs were successfully used in almost any conditions ( forest, mountains, steppes). Much attention is paid to physical and psychological preparation [ ] .

Composition and strength

As of 2016, there were 87 SOBR units in Russia. The total approximate number was 5,200 people.

Differences between SOBR and OMON

OMON differs from SOBR in its organizational and staffing structure and the nature of its service, combat and operational tasks. official tasks. Unlike OMON, almost all SOBR employees have officer ranks and positions of detectives. Before the reform of the Ministry of Internal Affairs in 2011, when the police were divided into public security police and criminal police, OMON was a unit of the MOB, while SOBR was a unit of the CM. SOBR (formerly the 11th department) left the RUBOP system ( Regional Administration to combat organized crime), as a force support unit, the task was to combat organized crime, banditry and force support during special operations. SOBR units are distinguished by their strong and sometimes excessive harshness when detaining criminal authorities, “thieves in law” and repeat offenders.

The OMON unit is structured according to the principle: operational companies, consisting of platoons and sections, a personnel department and educational work with a full-time psychologist, medical service, headquarters, canine service, engineering department, motorized unit, accounting and logistics department.

The SOBR unit is structured according to the principle: combat squads, rear department, headquarters, tactics department.

Candidates for service in the SOBR unit were selected from a separate caste of people, usually already active employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, mainly former operatives of the RUBOP, criminal investigation department, as well as officers from the special OMON unit with a higher education degree. legal education and personnel army officers who served in the special forces, it is precisely by this selection criterion that the SOBR is trained to a higher level in all areas of the tasks performed. According to statistics, analytics and monitoring of special forces units by employees of the Federal Institution of the Main Information and Analytical Center of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia in 2015, it turned out that 37% of the current employees of the special forces special forces unit had previously served in the riot police.

The main goal of the SOBR is to arrest criminals during the operational investigation of employees law enforcement agencies. During the Chechen campaigns, SOBR detachments took part in complex combat operations together with the Internal Troops of the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs. In 2002, SOBR units were renamed OMSN - Special Purpose Police Unit. In 2011, during the reform of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, at the request of the Moscow Council of Veterans of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, President of Russia D.A. Medvedev. special forces special forces were returned historical name SOBR - Special Rapid Reaction Squad.

Similar divisions in other countries of the world

Soon she will celebrate a big anniversary - forty years! - one of the oldest special forces in Russia - SOBR of the Special Purpose Center (TSSN) of the Main Directorate of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia for the city of Moscow.

Most of those who have anything to do with security forces, knows this squad by itself famous name- OMSN, i.e. Special Purpose Police Unit.

The unit became the first special forces detachment in the structure, then Soviet police and in fact, it was in his image and likeness that all other police special forces in Russia were subsequently created.

STORY

The Moscow SOBR was formed on November 9, 1978. Before this, the police did not have a unit capable of performing special tasks. In case of special situations, the Moscow Main Internal Affairs Directorate had a so-called freelance group - employees of this formation were involved in service during particularly important events: ensuring security during the celebration of the November and May holidays, congresses of the CPSU and other events of national importance.

Also, employees of this group were involved in the event of any emergencies. In the 1970s, a number of terrorist attacks occurred in the world, which forced us to take a much closer look at the problems of ensuring the security of the state and its citizens. In addition, in 1980, one of the most significant events for the country - the Olympic Games - was to take place in Moscow.

As a result, a special-purpose unit was created under the Moscow City Executive Committee, which was to work at the Olympics and ensure the protection of the Olympic flame.

The employees of the new detachment had the high honor of accompanying the Olympic flame from the border with Romania through the territory of the USSR, as well as maintaining round-the-clock duty at many Olympic venues throughout the Olympics.

The best of the best were selected for the detachment. The requirements for the first special forces soldiers were higher than ever - after all, starting is doubly difficult! For the first time, complex psychological and physical tests. It was impossible to do otherwise - the highest responsibility was entrusted to the detachment. Future special forces soldiers were required to have sports titles or ranks in some type of applied military sport. In some ways, the selection was reminiscent of testing in the airborne forces and army special forces.

Any methods of training personnel to perform special tasks at that time had not yet been developed, army developments were not entirely applicable to the specifics of the work of police special forces. And the KGB special forces were so secret at that time that few people knew about their existence—there was no talk of any exchange of experience. As a result, the detachment officers had to develop everything practically from scratch.

After the end of the Olympics, the question arose - what to do next with the unit. On the one hand, they created it to work for themselves Olympic Games, and no one thought about how to use it after the end of the event. On the other hand, the squad members showed themselves to be high-level professionals and coped well with the tasks assigned to them - the leadership of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, of course, did not want to lose such a combat-ready unit, which has no analogues.

The fate of the unit was decided by life itself. In 1981, a girl was taken hostage in Moscow, and since only special forces had any experience in performing special tasks, they were involved in the liberation operation. The squad members worked efficiently and harmoniously. The operation was completed successfully.

After this, it became clear that there would still be work for the police special forces and they were regularly subordinated to the Criminal Investigation Department of the Moscow Main Internal Affairs Directorate. True, the detachment was initially called not OMSN, but OMON, and in addition to special tasks, the unit also performed the functions of public security police, participating in the suppression of riots.

Over time, it became increasingly difficult for the special forces to cope with these functions - the country was advancing troubled times, massive and notorious miners’ strikes began, so there simply weren’t enough squad members to do everything. Then the Ministry of Internal Affairs decided to reform the PPS regiment in the riot police and assign the task of combating riots to this unit. Thus, at one time there were two riot police in Moscow, which the officers themselves called Big and Small.

In 1989, the detachment was assigned an abbreviation, which was assigned to it for a long time. It is for this reason that the unit became best known - the Special Purpose Police Unit (OMSN). The detachment worked with this name until 2011, when, in connection with the reform of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, all police special forces were renamed Special Purpose Units (OSN).

During the same period, the unit structurally became part of the newly formed Special Purpose Center of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia in Moscow.

In 2012, all police special forces units were given a common designation - SOBR, i.e. special rapid response squad. The unit is currently operating under this name.

COMBAT WORK

The main tasks of the detachment are the detention of armed and especially dangerous criminals, repeat offenders, the destruction of gang groups, and the release of hostages.

The detachment works in the interests of the Moscow criminal investigation department and other services of the Main Directorate of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia in Moscow, implementing information received by operational officers and carrying out the forceful detention of criminals.

The unit is a reserve for the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs.

The squad members have completed hundreds of successful operations. Almost no security operation in the Moscow region is complete without the participation of officers from the Moscow SOBR.

Many of the operations carried out by the detachment became widely known due to their resonance. This is how the detention of criminals who attacked cash collectors near the Molodezhny store received wide publicity. The group was well armed and was responsible for several murders. It was possible to detain all members of the gang only after a full-scale search operation, which was carried out by the squad members.

Since police special forces are an operational combat unit, squad officers often have to work undercover, using a wide variety of legends. In the 1980s, a gang of drug addicts worked in Moscow, who called an ambulance on a false case and then robbed doctors, taking all their medications.

On one of these calls, an ambulance team came to the resourceful businessmen, and instead of medicine, they brought handcuffs, which they put on the criminals. Another high-profile operation was carried out by Moscow special forces in 1983 at Vnukovo airport, where criminals were detained carrying almost 2.5 million Soviet rubles - in the USSR this was simply an astronomical amount.

One of the significant milestones in the history of the detachment, of course, was the “dashing nineties” - crime at that moment was at its peak, so to speak, almost not a single exit was carried out without forceful detention. Then all the detachments of the country had to work - there were no quiet areas on the map of Russia. The main “contingent” then, of course, were various organized crime groups.

The Moscow detachment has an impressive list of gangs whose “careers” the Sobrov members ended forever. The special forces had enough work in the new millennium. Solonik's killer was detained by the forces of the detachment. The Sobrovtsy also worked meticulously in the very center of Moscow, when hostages were taken in a jewelry store on Tverskaya.

Another high-profile operation to free hostages was carried out on Frunzenskaya Embankment. The Moscow detachment caught the kidnapper of Kaspersky’s son.

More recently, at the end of 2014, together with colleagues from other units, Sobrov officers neutralized members of the notorious “GTA gang,” which terrified the entire Moscow region.

Since 2003, one of the detachment’s combat squads has been constantly on a business trip to the North Caucasus. In the region, the detachment carries out tasks to combat the gangster underground and destroy illegal gangs.

Starting from the first business trips, the Moscow SOBR demonstrated the highest efficiency of its work. Each SOBR unit spends three months on a business trip, with an average of two or three trips every day. Before being sent to the Caucasus, the departing squad conducts a field trip to carry out educational tasks on terrain orientation, camp equipment, search and destruction of mock criminals - the main emphasis is on working in mountainous and wooded areas.

REAL HEROES

Only officers serve in the detachment, and a Russian officer is not only a readiness to give his life “for his friends” and the Fatherland, but also a very special internal culture. Culture is in everything - in communication, in behavior, in actions.

A special forces officer will never act meanly, will always help a comrade and will never allow evil to happen. Every member of the squad is like that.

SOBR officers are people of a very special formation. No, they are not supermen, not aliens. Anyone who is accustomed to movie stereotypes will most likely pass one of them on the street and not even suspect that in front of him is a special forces officer.

A special forces soldier is a athletic, fit man between 25 and 40 years old. An open and smiling person with an extremely positive outlook for life. And he is always calm. Olympic calm! Because calm is a sign of truly strong man. And these guys are really strong, because when they do their job you literally have to be forged from steel!

SELECTION FOR THE TEAM

The requirements for those who want to become an officer of the Moscow SOBR have not changed much since the founding of the detachment. They just became even tougher. Candidates are also required highest level physical training and sports titles not lower than candidate master of sports in any martial arts or military-applied sport.

Most of those who serve in the detachment, with early childhood They devoted themselves to sports: some do wrestling, some do karate or boxing, others are involved in all-around events from the army. The essence is the same - these are 100% healthy men, medically fit to be at least cosmonauts. Besides martial arts not only strengthening the body, but also strengthening the spirit.

That is why the final stage of testing for a unit is sparring. The so-called special forces “acceptance”. Seven to eight one-minute sparring sessions with current squad officers. And this is full contact - you won’t see such low kicks (thai boxing strikes) in the “octagon”, but professional boxers will envy powerful uppercuts! Every blow is as hard as possible - no one is spared here.

The difficulty of such a test is that sparring - last stage physical fitness tests. Before him, the subject must run a marathon, perform exercises from the Cooper test, and all this without rest. The candidate enters the ring already quite exhausted. And against him - fresh and full of strength sobrovtsy. This is not so much a test of fighting qualities as a test of fortitude.

The subject must endure even when exhausted and exhausted. Everyone understands that if necessary, they will knock out even a UFC champion. That's why no one tries to kill a person. The main thing is to understand who is in front of you. And if the subject does not break down, even when there is no more strength, then he is “the guy”!

But, of course, hand-to-hand combat is not the only thing that someone who decides to connect his life with SOBR needs to go through. Many psychological tests, which should reveal the absolute mental adequacy of the person to whom the state will entrust weapons, the lives of law-abiding citizens and his comrades in the squad!

One of the most important moments is a personal interview. If a person comes to such a unit, he must do so consciously. He must understand WHERE and WHY he came. After all, here he will have to walk under bullets and shield his comrades, and maybe completely strangers— such actions require very strong motivation. And everyone must clearly answer all the questions for themselves even before they cross the threshold of the detachment.

There are other mandatory conditions (since SOBR is an officer unit) - only employees with higher education or those who are completing their studies at a university.

Upon entering the detachment, a newcomer must undergo a probationary period - from three months to six months. This is the time in which he will have to prove himself, show with the best side and not tarnish your reputation in any way. If the officers of the squad understand that they can go into battle with this person and trust him with their lives, then the candidate will be given the high honor of becoming a full member of the elite special forces.

However, one should not think that at this stage a person can relax and “reap his laurels.” Service in SOBR means constant training, self-improvement and preparation for work in all areas. A special forces soldier must constantly strive to become even better. There are no people who have nothing to learn. During the service, various classes are constantly conducted with employees in a wide variety of disciplines, however, first of all, each of the special forces must be passionate about what they do and constantly try to become a little better and, of course, learn from experience from more experienced and senior colleagues.

Ending in the next issue.

LAZAREV Konstantin. Journalist and photographer, main subject is special forces units. For lately managed to work with most of the units in the Moscow region. He is interested in weapons and military equipment.

Besides print media, works on television as a journalist and TV presenter: in the program “ Military secret"on the Ren-TV channel and in the author's projects "Special Forces" and "War Years Equipment" on the OST-TV channel.

“Golden” laureate of the “Russian Journalists against Terror” award.

Hundreds of military special units guard the peace of Russians around the clock: GRU, FSB, army special forces. Their goals and objectives are generally clear. But with the police special forces, not everything is clear. Everyone has heard at least once such abbreviations as SOBR and OMON, but not everyone knows why these organizations were created and how they differ.

Definition

SOBR- This Special Department Fast Response; both regional and federal special forces of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, originally created as structural unit UBOP of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation (departments for combating organized crime).

Riot police— an acronym for “Mobile Special Purpose Detachment” (before the reform of the Ministry of Internal Affairs in Russia it was called the “Special Purpose Police Detachment”); special police units used to ensure public order and security in urban environments, as well as in hot spots of the Russian Federation.

Comparison

First of all, in terms of organizational structure and tasks to be solved. The main task of the riot police is to protect public order during mass events, to suppress riots and group hooliganism, in the event of emergency situations, in places with a difficult criminal situation.

SOBR does not solve such problems. This has a lot to do with the history of both divisions. Before the well-known reform of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, the police were divided into public security police (PSM), special and criminal police (CM).

Explanation for non-specialists: the basis of the criminal police is the legendary criminal investigation department with its detectives. The most famous units of the MOB are local inspectors and police officers.

So, the OMON was subordinate to the head of the MOB, and the SOBR was part of the CM and was subordinate to the head of the Central Internal Affairs Directorate or his deputy. Hence the nature of the tasks solved by SOBR and OMON.

Unlike the OMON, the SOBR serves exclusively officers, and the main emphasis in selecting candidates for the SOBR is on men with higher education.

The training also differs: SOBR individually trains specialists in any of the areas, but each fighter is able to replace a comrade if necessary. In SOBR, more attention than in OMON is paid to “working” against an armed criminal in an urban environment. Riot police are more careful about carrying out tasks in crowded places.

In general, we can say that the tasks of SOBR are more narrow; it is called upon to deliver “targeted” strikes against crime.

Conclusions website

1. SOBR are special units of federal and regional subordination that are part of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation.
2. OMON are special units of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, whose main task is to maintain public order and security.
3. SOBR from the moment of its creation until the reform of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation was part of the criminal police.
4. Before the reform of the Russian Federation, OMON was a unit of the public security police.
5. SOBR tasks are narrower than those of riot police and are often not related to mass gatherings people (at sports, entertainment events, rallies, etc.).
6. In SOBR, unlike OMON, only officers serve.

SOBR (Special Rapid Response Squad) are federal and regional special units of the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs, which were regularly (until 2003) part of the departments for combating organized crime of the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs (units of over 200 people were called squads from the late 1990s). In 2002, SOBR detachments were transformed into OMSN (Special Purpose Police Detachment). On November 30, 2011, by order of the Minister of Internal Affairs Rashid Nurgaliev, special police units of the Ministry of Internal Affairs again became officially known as special rapid reaction units.
The main task of the SOBR is to fight organized crime. However, due to changes in the internal political situation, SOBRs were successfully used, including in military operations carried out in the North Caucasus region.

Story
The first special unit in the system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs (police) was the OMSN of the Moscow Main Internal Affairs Directorate. OMSN was formed on November 9, 1978. At that time, preparations for the Olympics were underway in Moscow, and the failure of the German police operation to free Israeli hostages during the Munich Olympics showed how destructive the actions of amateurs can be where professionals should act. To prevent emergency situations, a special forces unit was created - the first police special forces. True, the unit was originally called a special police detachment (OMON) under the Moscow City Executive Committee. The detachment was created to work at the 1980 Olympics and protect the Olympic flame. After the Olympics, it became clear that the unit would not be left without work. The first task of the special forces then was the release of a girl captured by a criminal. The hostage was successfully released, and the detachment was reassigned to the criminal investigation department and made a regular unit of the Moscow Main Internal Affairs Directorate. There were not enough special forces to carry out all operational tasks - there were only a few dozen of them. Then the PPS regiment was entrusted with the fight against riots and was renamed OMON.? There was a period of time when two OMON existed in Moscow at the same time. The police themselves called the detachments Big and Small. To avoid confusion and misunderstandings, that same Little OMON was later renamed into a special purpose police detachment (OMSN). In 2011, OMSN was renamed OSN, and subsequently SOBR. The OMSN of the Central Internal Affairs Directorate for Moscow served as a model for the beginning of the creation of other special units in the Russian militia (police) in the future.

On February 10, 1992, a tactical operations department was created as part of the Main Directorate for Organized Crime (GUOP) of the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs. In the fall of 1992, by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation, the tactical operations department was renamed into a special rapid reaction squad (SOBR).
In September 2002, by order of the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs, SOBR were renamed into special purpose police units (OMSN).
In 2003, some of the OMSN detachments received proper names: “Bars”, “Bulat”, “Lynx”, “Terek”.
As of 2009, the total number of SOBR was 5,200 people in 87 detachments.
In 2011, in connection with the reform of the internal affairs bodies, and the renaming of “militia” to “police”, OMSN units were renamed OSN (special forces units).
In 2012, the name SOBR (special rapid response units) was returned to all OSN detachments.
The quantitative composition of SOBRs is determined by the tasks and region of deployment. The selection is carried out in many stages and quite strictly, with many screening criteria, which determines the qualitative composition of this unit (as a rule, these are young people who have served in the Armed Forces and have a higher education).

Tasks and functions
The training of employees in SOBR, unlike other special units of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, is of a clearly individual nature. There are a lot of specialists in various areas of application, but interchangeability is at the forefront. The emphasis of the training is on working against an armed criminal in the city (with a working distance of up to 100 m) and in transport, however SOBRs were successfully used in almost any conditions (forest, mountains, steppes). Much attention is paid to physical and psychological preparation.
In the TFR, SOBRs have found successful use not only in cooperation with regular Russian security forces, but also in certain areas, and have shown excellent results in the Chechen campaigns in the first echelons.
SOBR constantly trains by making mock seizures of houses (using climbing equipment), cars and even airplanes. Their training is not inferior to that of the Alpha special forces.

Differences from riot police
SOBR differs from OMON in its organizational and staffing structure and the nature of the tasks performed. Unlike OMON, all SOBR employees have special ranks of police officers. Before the reform of the Ministry of Internal Affairs in 2011, when the police were divided into MOB (public security police) and KM (criminal police), OMON was a unit of the MOB and reported to the head of the MOB, while SOBR was a unit of the KM and reported directly to the head of the GUVD or his deputy.

SOBR, unlike OMON, does not solve the following problems:
— ensuring the protection of public order, including:
- in places with a difficult criminal situation,
- during public events,
- in case of emergency situations,
— suppression of group hooliganism and mass riots.