In 1887, in the town of Gancheshti, Chisinau district, Bessarabian
province, a boy, Grisha, was born into the family of the nobleman engineer Kotovsky -
future famous leader of the red cavalry. Kotovsky's family is not rich, his father
served at a distillery on the estate of Prince Manuk Bey, the salary was small,
and Kotovsky has five children. Moreover, misfortune soon entered the house:
when the future red marshal turned two years old, his mother died.
Grigory Kotovsky was a nervous boy who stuttered. Maybe even
a difficult childhood determined his entire chaotic, robber life. As a child
The boy's passion was sports and reading. Sport made Kotovsky a strongman,
and reading adventurous novels and exciting dramas launched life into
fantastic way.
Kotovsky was expelled from the real school for defiant behavior.
His father sent him to the Kokorozen Agricultural School. But also rural
farming did not captivate Kotovsky, and when he turned 16, suddenly
his father died and, without finishing school, Kotovsky became an intern in a rich
Bessarabian estate of Prince Cantacuzino.
This is where the first chapter of the crime novel that became life awaited him.
Grigory Kotovsky. The young man's robbery began with love. On the prince's estate
Drama unfolded for Cantacuzino.
A young princess fell in love with a handsome, strong trainee.
Kotovsky also fell in love with her. And everything turned around famous poem -
“I didn’t walk with a flail in the dense forest...”
The prince learned about love, under the hot hand he swung his arapnik at
Kotovsky. This was enough for the prince-hating trainee
rushed at him and hit him. The prince replied Kotovsky topics what the mongrel tied up
a trainee, beat him up, and took him out at night, throwing him into the steppe.
All the hatred, all the passion of Kotovsky’s wild nature flared up and,
Probably, without thinking for long, he took a step that determined the rest of his life.
life. Kotovsky killed the landowner and, setting the estate on fire, fled.
Twenty-five years later, Kotovsky became almost “a member of the government
Russia", and Princess Cantacuzino was an emigrant, a saleswoman in the restaurant "Russian
tavern" in America. It was unimaginable then.
Ships to peaceful life Kotovsky's were burned. Yes, he probably doesn't
never wanted her. Hatred of the landowner in the trainee Kotovsky mixed with
hatred for the landowners, for the “bourgeoisie”, and the wild will suggested the rest.
Hiding in the forests, Kotovsky picked up twelve peasants,
those who went with him to commit robbery; there were just desperate heads and fugitives
professional convicts. Everyone was united by Kotovsky’s will and desperation. IN
the most short time Kotovsky's gang created panic throughout Bessarabia. AND
newspapers in southern Russia suddenly wrote about Kotovsky in the same way as Pushkin
wrote about Dubrovsky: “The robberies, one more remarkable than the other, followed
one after another. There was no safety either on the roads or in the villages. Some
troikas filled with robbers drove throughout the province during the day,
stopped travelers and mail, came to villages, robbed landowners
houses and set them on fire.
The leader of the gang was famous for his intelligence, courage and some kind of generosity.
Miracles were told about him..."
Indeed, extraordinary courage, boldness and robber prowess created
legends around Kotovsky.
So in 1904 in Bessarabia he resurrected Schiller’s Karl More and
Pushkinsky Dubrovsky.
This was not a simple robbery and robbery, but rather “Karl More”. No wonder
The impressionable stuttering boy was engrossed in the fantasies of novels and dramas.
But while playing this role, Kotovsky sometimes even overacted. Bessarabian
The landowners were seized with panic. The more nervous ones abandoned Kotovsky's robberies
estate, moving to Chisinau. After all, it was precisely 1904, the eve of the first
revolution, when the Russian village began to hum with dull excitement.
Now Kotovsky appears here, now there. He is seen even in Odessa, where he
arrives in his own phaeton, with his constant bandit friends as a coachman
Pushkarev and adjutant Demyanishin. They are hot on Kotovsky’s heels and yet
Kotovsky is elusive.
In Bessarabian society, “the nobleman-robber Kotovsky” became the topic of the day.
Southern newspaper reporters added tales to the tales in describing his robberies.
The landowners raised the issue with the authorities about taking emergency measures to capture
Kotovsky. The landowners' wives and daughters turned into the most zealous
purveyors of legends surrounding the “handsome bandit”, “noble
robber."
The police were worried: Kotovsky’s connections with
terrorist groups of the S.-R. By order of the Chisinau governor for
The Kotovskys began an incredible chase. And yet the stories about Kotovsky in
in the Bessarabian world, the demi-monde, among the “punks” and bandits, they only multiplied.
This happened because even in English detective novels, robbers
rarely were they distinguished by such courage and wit as Kotovsky.
The police drove the peasants arrested for agrarian unrest to
Chisinau prison, but in the forest the detachment was suddenly attacked by Kotovites, peasants
released, none of the guards were touched, only in the elder’s book
The guard was left with a receipt: “Grigory Kotovsky released the arrested.”
A village near Chisinau burned down. And a few days later at the entrance of the house
a major Chisinau moneylender drove up elegantly in his own phaeton
dressed, in a fur coat with a beaver collar, a stately brunette with a steep chin.
The arriving master was received by the daughter of a moneylender.
Dad is not at home.
Maybe you'll let me wait?
Please.
In the living room, Kotovsky charmed the young lady with a witty conversation,
beautiful manners, the young lady laughed for half an hour with the cheerful young
human until dad appeared on the doorstep. The young man introduced himself:
Kotovsky.
Hysterics began, requests, pleas not to kill. But - gentleman
tabloid novel - G.I. Kotovsky never breaks down in the game. He -
calms her daughter down and runs to the dining room for a glass of water. And explains
to the moneylender that nothing special happened, it’s just that you probably
We heard that a village burned down near Chisinau, well, we need to help the fire victims, I
I think you will not refuse to immediately give me a thousand rubles to give to them.
A thousand rubles were awarded to Kotovsky. And when he left, he left it lying
in the living room on the table there is a young lady’s album full of provincial rhymes, the entry:
"Both the daughter and the father made a very nice impression. Kotovsky."
The legends expanded. Human impressionability, susceptible to the gloomy
robber charm, she painted Kotovsky as best she could. Kotovsky was
vain, knew that the entire press of the south of Russia was writing about him, but continued to play
with such incredible desperation, risk and excitement that it seemed like
His opponent, the bailiff Hadji-Koli, is about to outplay and grab him. But
no, Kotovsky puts on one act stronger and more exciting than the other - audience
applauds!
The landowner Negrush boasted among his Chisinau acquaintances that he was not afraid
Kotovsky: a call was made from his office to a nearby police officer
area, and the bell button is on the floor. Kotovsky found out about this and the next game
was played. He came to Negrush in broad daylight for money. But for
diversity and humor commanded not his hands, but
Legs up!
Kotovsky appreciated humor and wit in others. In a raid on an apartment
Director of the Cherkess Bank, he demanded jewelry. Madam Cherkess, wishing
save the string of pearls by removing it from the neck, as if in excitement she pulled it so hard that
the thread broke and the pearls scattered. The calculation was correct: Kotovsky did not
will humiliate himself to crawl on the floor for pearls. And Kotovsky gave Mrs. Cherkes
a smile for her wit, leaving her pearls on the carpet.
Dexterity, strength, animal instinct were combined in Kotovsky with great
courage. He controlled himself even in the most risky cases, when he was on
hair from death. This probably happened because the "noble robber"
I was never a bandit out of self-interest. This feeling was alien to Kotovsky. His
attracted something else: he played a “most dangerous bandit” and played, it must be said, -
masterfully.
Kotovsky had a peculiar mixture of terrorism, criminality and love for
the tension of the strings of life in general. Kotovsky passionately loved life - women,
music, sports, trotters. Although he often lived in the forest, in the cold, in the rain. But
when he appeared incognito in cities, always in the role of a rich man,
elegantly dressed gentleman and lived there then in a large, lordly life, which
On one of these trips to Chisinau, Kotovsky, posing as
Kherson landowner, wrote several strong pages in a crime novel
of your life. This gentleman was a born charmer, he knew how to charm
people. And in the best hotel in the city, Kotovsky became friends with some landowner
so that he took Kotovsky to a party with the famous magnate of the region D.
N. Semigradov.
If you believe this semi-anecdotal story, then the evening at Semigradov’s
proceeded like this: at the evening - the largest landowners of Bessarabia - Sinadino,
Krupensky with their wives and daughters. But the unknown Kherson landowner still
attracted everyone's attention: he is smart, cheerful, especially witty when he entered
conversation about Kotovsky.
If only you had caught him, it would have worked! You should give him a beating! -
Sinadino laughs, looking with pleasure at the athletic figure of the Kherson
landowner.
“Yes, and I would treat this scoundrel,” says the owner of Semigradov.
But really, what would you do? - asks Kotovsky.
My friend, I always have a loaded Browning, I keep it on purpose for him.
I would have split my head, that's what! -
The right precaution, says Kotovsky.
And that same night, when the guests had left, to Semigradov’s apartment
the Kotovites swooped in, entered the apartment silently, the robbery was big, they took it away
Expensive Persian carpet, they even took a silver stick with a gold one
knob - “a gift from the Emir of Bukhara to the owner.” And on charged
Browning, in the room of the sleeping owner, Kotovsky left a note: “Don’t
boast when you go to the army, and boast when you leave the army.”
They say that it was this “bad joke” that overflowed the cup
patience of the police. The governor, having learned that he drank and ate at Semigradov’s party
Kotovsky himself destroyed the police. The case for catching Kotovsky was intensified. Together with
Assistant Police Chief took over the bailiff of the 2nd precinct Hadzhi-Koli Kotovsky
Zilberg. A large reward was announced for indicating Kotovsky's trail. Hadji-Koli
was a good partner for Kotovsky and a fight began between them.
In this fight-game, which could cost Kotovsky his life at any moment,
Neither the daring nor the robber’s humor abandoned Kotovsky. When in Chisinau
a rumor spread that there was a raid on the Zemstvo psychiatric hospital in Kostyuzhensk,
where a watchman and a paramedic were killed - the work of Kotovsky, the latter denied
this in the most unexpected way.
At dawn, at the door of Hadji-Koli’s house, a man climbed out of the cab and
called. The bailiff got up at an early hour, sleepy, and opened the door.
Hadji-Koli, I am Kotovsky, don’t bother leaving and listen to me. IN
A vile lie is being spread around the city that I robbed the Kostyuzhenskaya hospital.
What impudence! The hospital was attacked by a gang working together with the police.
A search by the assistant bailiff will reveal the whole case to you.
And in front of the numb, half-naked Hadji-Koli Kotovsky with quick steps
approached the carriage, and his driver blew a whirlwind from the bailiff’s apartment.
The investigation carried out at the direction of Kotovsky is indeed
solved a hospital robbery case.
The furious catching of Kotovsky by Zilberg and Hadzhi-Koli did not stop.
The story of the “Bessarabian Karl More” has already become too noisy a scandal. For
Kotovsky's gang drove strong cavalry detachments through the forests. Sometimes they attacked
trace, there were shootouts and clashes between Kotovo residents and the police, but still
It was not possible to catch Kotovsky.
Now on this or that estate Kotovsky and his comrades swooped in, making
robberies. Three horsemen rode up to one of the landowners' estates. To the one who came out on
Kotovsky. Probably you have heard. The thing is, here the peasant Mamchuk
the cow died. Within three days you must give him one of your
the cows are, of course, milking and good. If this is not done in three days, I will
I will destroy all your living inventory! Got it!?
And three of them move the horses away from the estate. The landowners' fear of Kotovsky was
so great that it never occurred to anyone to disobey his demands.
Probably, in this case too, the peasant received a “cash cow”.
Zilberg was the first to get on Kotovsky's trail. Between Zilberg and
Hadji-Koli there was a competition - who would catch the bandit thundering in the south of Russia? WITH
With a detachment of mounted guards, Zilberg ran into Kotovsky’s gang. But Kotovsky
drove with the police real war. And as a result of the skirmish, not Kotovsky, but
Zilberg was captured.
Zilberg probably considered himself already dead. But once again
Kotovsky made a “spectacular gesture.” Not only did he let Zilberg go in peace,
but allegedly gave him that same “silver stick with gold
knob", which was stolen by the Kotovites from Semigradov after the famous
evenings. Only, releasing Zilberg, Kotovsky took from him " honestly",
that he will now stop all persecution.
Of course it was unrealistic. It’s unlikely to stop the persecution of Kotovsky
Zilberg could and wanted. And besides, Zilberg believed that for the second time he was captured
He probably won’t get to Kotovsky. But Kotovsky loved - "broad gestures
noble robber" - and just joked and laughed, letting go
Zilberg carrying away a silver stick - “a gift from the Emir of Bukhara.”
But less than a month had passed before Zilberg, competing with Hadji-Koli, grabbed
shaker of the south of Russia, hero of 1001 criminal adventures and political
expropriations. Through the provocateur M. Goldman, Zilberg arranged for Kotovsky to
Kishinev safe house and in this apartment he captured both Kotovsky and
his main associates.
True, less than a year has passed since the Kotovites killed Goldman, but now the news of
the capture of Kotovsky was already published in the newspapers as a sensation: - Kotovsky was caught
and imprisoned in the Chisinau castle!
Plan
Introduction
1 Biography
1.1 Family
1.2 Childhood and adolescence
1.3 Criminal and revolutionary activity
2 Civil War
3 Murder
4 Funeral
5 Mausoleum
6 Awards
7 Interesting facts
8 Memory
8.1 Toponomics
8.2 Kotovsky in art
8.2.1 The image of G.I. Kotovsky in cinema
8.2.2 Poems and songs
8.2.3 Prose
References
Kotovsky, Grigory Ivanovich
Introduction
Grigory Ivanovich Kotovsky (June 12 (24), 1881 - August 6, 1925) - Soviet military and politician, participant Civil War. Member of the Union, Ukrainian and Moldavian Central Executive Committee. Member of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR. Father of the Russian Indologist Grigory Grigorievich Kotovsky. Died at unclear circumstances from a shot from his subordinate.
1. Biography
Grigory Kotovsky was born on June 12 (24), 1881 in the village of Ganchesti (now the city of Hincesti in Moldova), in the family of a factory mechanic. Besides him, his parents had five more children. Kotovsky's father was a Russified Orthodox Pole, his mother was Russian. On his father's side, Grigory Kotovsky came from an old Polish aristocratic family that owned an estate in the Kamenets-Podolsk province. Kotovsky's grandfather for connections with participants of the Polish national movement was dismissed early. Later he went bankrupt, and Grigory Kotovsky’s father, a mechanical engineer by training, was forced to move to Bessarabia and join the philistine class.
1.2. Childhood and youth
According to the recollections of Kotovsky himself, as a child he loved sports and adventure novels. Since childhood, he was distinguished by his athletic build and had the makings of a leader. He suffered from logoneurosis. At two years old, Kotovsky lost his mother, and at sixteen, his father. The care of Grisha's upbringing was taken over by his godmother Sophia Schall, a young widow, the daughter of an engineer, a Belgian citizen who worked in the neighborhood and was a friend of the boy's father, and his godfather, the landowner of Manuk Bay. Manuk Bey helped the young man enter the Kukuruzen Agricultural School and paid for the entire boarding school. At the school, Grigory studied agronomy especially carefully and German, since Manuk Bey promised to send him for “additional training” to Germany at the Higher Agricultural Courses. These hopes were dashed by the death of Manuk Bey in 1902.
Criminal and revolutionary activities
According to Kotovsky himself, during his stay at the agronomy school he became acquainted with a circle of Socialist Revolutionaries. After graduating from the agricultural school in 1900, he worked as an assistant manager in various landowner estates in Bessarabia, but did not stay anywhere for long - he was either kicked out for theft, or for love affair with the landowner, then hid himself, taking the owner’s money given to him. By 1904, leading such a lifestyle and periodically ending up in prison for minor criminal offenses, Kotovsky became the recognized leader of the Bessarabian gangster world.. During Russo-Japanese War in 1904 he did not show up at the recruiting station. In 1905 he was arrested for evading military service and sent to the 19th Kostroma infantry regiment, stationed in Zhitomir.
Soon he deserted and organized a detachment, at the head of which he carried out predatory raids - he burned estates, destroyed debt receipts, and robbed the population. The peasants provided assistance to Kotovsky’s detachment, sheltered it from the gendarmes, and supplied it with food, clothing, and weapons. Thanks to this, the squad for a long time remained elusive, and the audacity of his attacks became legendary. Kotovsky was arrested on January 18, 1906, but was able to escape from the Chisinau prison six months later. A month later - on September 24, 1906 - he was arrested again, and in 1907 he was sentenced to 12 years of hard labor and sent to Siberia through the Elisavetograd and Smolensk prisons. In 1910 delivered to Oryol Central. In 1911, he was transferred to the place of serving his sentence - to the Nerchinsk penal servitude. He escaped from Nerchinsk on February 27, 1913 and returned to Bessarabia. He hid, working as a loader, a laborer, and then again headed battle group. The group’s activities took on a particularly daring character from the beginning of 1915, when the militants moved from robbing individuals to raiding offices and banks. In particular, they committed a major robbery of the Bendery treasury, which raised the entire police of Bessarabia and Odessa to their feet.
On June 25, 1916, he was arrested again and sentenced by the Odessa Military District Court to death penalty. But within a few days he made an exceptionally subtle and inventive move. The Odessa Military District Court was subordinate to the commander Southwestern Front the famous General A.A. Brusilov, and it was Brusilov who had to approve the death sentence over him. Kotovsky wrote a touching letter to Brusilov’s wife, by which the sensitive woman was shocked, and the execution was first postponed and later replaced with indefinite hard labor. After receiving the news of the abdication of Nicholas II from the throne, a riot occurred in the Odessa prison, and self-government was established in the prison. The provisional government announced a broad political amnesty. In May 1917, Kotovsky was paroled and sent to the army to Romanian Front. There he became a member of the regimental committee of the 136th Taganrog Infantry Regiment. In November 1917 he joined the Left Social Revolutionaries and was elected a member soldiers' committee 6th Army. Then Kotovsky, with a detachment devoted to him, was authorized by Rumcherod to establish new order in Chisinau and its environs.
2. Civil War
Poems about Kotovsky
He's too fast
To be called lightning,
He's too hard
To be known as a rock...
In January 1918, Kotovsky led a detachment that covered the retreat of the Bolsheviks from Chisinau. In January-March 1918, he commanded a cavalry group in the Tiraspol detachment. In March 1918, Odessa Soviet Republic was liquidated by Austro-German troops that entered Ukraine after the agreement concluded by the Ukrainian Central Rada separate peace. Kotovsky's detachment was disbanded. Kotovsky himself went underground. With the departure of the Austro-German troops, on April 19, 1919, Kotovsky received an appointment from the Odessa Commissariat to the post of head of the military commissariat in Ovidiopol. In July 1919, he was appointed commander of the 2nd brigade of the 45th rifle division (the brigade was created on the basis of the Pridnestrovian regiment). In November 1919, Kotovsky came down with pneumonia. From January 1920, he commanded the cavalry brigade of the 45th Infantry Division, fighting in Ukraine and the Soviet Union. Polish front. In April 1920 he joined the RCP(b).
Since December 1920, Kotovsky has been the head of the 17th cavalry division. In 1921, he commanded cavalry units, including suppressing the uprisings of the Makhnovists, Antonovites and Petliurists. In September 1921, Kotovsky was appointed head of the 9th Cavalry Division, and in October 1922 - commander of the 2nd Cavalry Corps. In Tiraspol in 1920-1921, Kotovsky’s headquarters (now the headquarters museum) was located in the building of the former Paris Hotel. There, according to legend, Kotovsky celebrated his wedding. In the summer of 1925, People's Commissar Frunze appointed Kotovsky as his deputy. Grigory Ivanovich did not have time to take office.
3. Murder
Kotovsky was shot on August 6, 1925 while relaxing on the Chebanka state farm (on Black Sea coast 30 km from Odessa) Meyer Seider, nicknamed Majorik, who was Mishka Yaponchik’s adjutant in 1919. According to another version, Seider had nothing to do with military service and was not an adjutant of the “criminal authority” of Odessa, but was the former owner of the Odessa brothel. Documents related to the murder of Kotovsky are kept in Russian special storage facilities and are classified as “top secret.”
Meyer Seider did not hide from the investigation and immediately reported the crime. In August 1926, the killer was sentenced to 10 years in prison. While in prison, he almost immediately became the head of the prison club and received the right to freely enter the city. In 1928, Seider was released with the wording “For exemplary behavior" Worked as a coupler at railway. In the fall of 1930, he was killed by three veterans of Kotovsky's division. Researchers have reason to believe that all competent authorities had information about the impending murder of Seider. Seider's killers were not convicted.
4. Funeral
To the legendary corps commander Soviet authorities A magnificent funeral was held, comparable in pomp to the funeral of V.I. Lenin.
The body arrived at the Odessa station solemnly, surrounded by a guard of honor, the coffin was buried in flowers and wreaths. In the columned hall of the district executive committee, “wide access to all workers” was opened to the coffin. And Odessa lowered the mourning flags. In the cantonment towns of the 2nd Cavalry Corps, a 20-gun salute was fired. On August 11, 1925, a special funeral train delivered the coffin with Kotovsky’s body to Birzulu.
Prominent military leaders S. M. Budyonny and A. I. Egorov arrived at Kotovsky’s funeral in Birzulu; the commander of the Ukrainian Military District, I. E. Yakir, and one of the leaders of the Ukrainian government, A. I. Butsenko, arrived from Kyiv.
5. Mausoleum
The day after the murder, August 7, 1925, a group of embalmers, led by Professor Vorobyov, was urgently sent from Moscow to Odessa. A few days later, the work of embalming Kotovsky’s body was completed.
The mausoleum was made according to the type of the mausoleum of N.I. Pirogov near Vinnitsa and Lenin in Moscow. At first, the mausoleum consisted only of an underground part.
In a specially equipped room at a shallow depth, a glass sarcophagus was installed, in which Kotovsky’s body was preserved at a certain temperature and humidity. Next to the sarcophagus, on satin pads, Grigory Ivanovich's awards were kept - three Orders of the Red Banner of Battle. And a little further away, on a special pedestal, there was an honorary revolutionary weapon - an inlaid cavalry saber.
In 1934, a fundamental structure with a small platform and bas-relief compositions on the theme of the Civil War was erected above the underground part. Just like at Lenin's mausoleum, parades and demonstrations, military oaths and admission to pioneers were held here. Workers were given access to Kotovsky’s body.
In 1941, during the Second World War, retreat Soviet troops did not allow Kotovsky’s body to be evacuated. At the beginning of August 1941, Kotovsk was first occupied by the Germans, and then Romanian troops. On August 6, 1941, exactly 16 years after the murder of the corps commander, the occupation forces smashed Kotovsky’s sarcophagus and violated the body, throwing Kotovsky’s remains into a freshly dug trench along with the corpses of those executed local residents.
Workers at the railway depot, led by the head of the repair shops, Ivan Timofeevich Skorubsky, opened the trench and reburied the dead, and Kotovsky’s remains were collected in a bag and kept until the end of the occupation in 1944.
The mausoleum was restored in 1965 in a reduced form.
6. Awards
Kotovsky was awarded three Orders of the Red Banner and an Honorary Revolutionary Weapon - an inlaid cavalry saber.
7. Interesting facts
· In 1939 in Romania, Ion Vetrilă creates the revolutionary anarcho-communist organization “Haiduki Kotovski”.
· When Soviet troops occupied Bessarabia in 1940, a police officer was found, convicted and executed, who in 1916 caught Grigory Kotovsky - the former police officer of Hadzhi-Koli, who was performing his duty in 1916 call of duty to catch a criminal. As Kotovsky’s biographer Roman Gul noted, “for this ‘crime’ only the Soviet judicial system could sentence a person to death.”:204
· Three Orders of the Red Banner of Battle and Kotovsky's honorary revolutionary weapon were stolen by Romanian troops from the mausoleum during the occupation. After the war, Romania officially transferred the Kotovsky awards to the USSR. Awards are stored in Central Museum Armed Forces in Moscow.
· A shaved head is sometimes called a “Kotovsky haircut.” This name comes from the movie
8.1. Toponomics
The name of Kotovsky was given to plants and factories, collective and state farms, steamships, a cavalry division, partisan detachment during the Second World War.
They bear the name Kotovsky
· Settlements:
· Kotovsk - from 1940 to 1990 a city in Moldova, now Hincesti, Kotovsky’s birthplace.
· Kotovsk (Birzula) - a city in the Odessa region of Ukraine, where Kotovsky was buried.
· Kotovsk is a city in the Tambov region of Russia.
· Kotovskogo village - district of Odessa
· Kotovskoye is a village in the Razdolnensky district of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea.
· Kotovskoe village, Comrat district, Gagauzia, Republic of Moldova
· Streets in many cities former USSR:
· Kotovsky Street, Voronezh.
· Kotovsky Street, Perm.
· Kotovsky Street, Makhachkala. Republic of Dagestan
· Kotovsky Street, Comrat, Gagauzia, Republic of Moldova
· Kotovsky Street in Ivangorod (Leningrad region).
· Kotovsky Street in Krasnodar.
· Kotovsky Street in Komsomolsk-on-Amur.
· Kotovsky Street in Lipetsk.
· Kotovsky Street in Bar, Vinnitsa region. (Bar (city, Ukraine))
· Kotovsky Street in Berdichev.
· Kotovsky Street in Khmelnitsky Ukraine
· Kotovsky Street in Bryansk.
· Kotovsky Street in Gelendzhik.
· Kotovsky Street in Nikolaev.
· Kotovskogo Street in Novosibirsk.
· Kotovsky Street in Tomsk.
· Kotovsky Street in Novorossiysk.
· Kotovsky Street in Novocherkassk.
· Kotovsky Street in Ulyanovsk.
· Kotovsky Street in Karasuk.
· Kotovsky Street in Kyiv.
· Kotovsky Street in Zaporozhye.
· Kotovsky Street in Kherson.
· Kotovsky Street in Cherkassy.
· Kotovsky Street in the city of Belgorod-Dnestrovsky.
· Kotovsky Street in Saratov.
· Kotovsky Street (Saransk, Mordovia)
· Kotovskogo Street (Nikolsk, Penza region)
· Kotovsky Street in Gomel (Republic of Belarus).
· Kotovsky Street in Ryazan
· Kotovsky Street in Abakan
· In Zhitomir.
· Kotovskogo Street in St. Petersburg on the Petrograd side.
· Kotovsky Street in Petrozavodsk
· Travel Kotovsky to Klin (Moscow region)
· In Tyumen
· In Minsk
· In Izmail
· In Tiraspol
· In Aktyubinsk (Kazakhstan)
· In Bendery
· In Lugansk (Ukraine)
· In Kolomna (Moscow region)
· In Reutov (Moscow region)
· In Sergiev Posad (Moscow region)
· In Tomsk
· In Urzuf ( Donetsk region, Ukraine)
· In Gornyak (Donetsk region, Ukraine)
· in Kamensk-Uralsky ( Sverdlovsk region)
· Descent of Kotovsky in Sevastopol.
· Until the early 90s, one of the central streets in Chisinau was named after Kotovsky, later renamed Hincesti Street, now Alexandri Street.
· Kotovsky Street in Rzhev, Tver Region
· Kotovsky Lane in Rzhev, Tver Region
· Kotovsky Street in the city of Shchuchinsk, Akmola region, Kazakhstan
· Kotovsky Street in the city of Sokiryany, Chernivtsi region, Ukraine
· Kotovsky Street in the city of Polotsk
Monuments
· Monument to Kotovsky in Chisinau
· Monument to Kotovsky in Tiraspol in the Victory Park
· The authorities of Odessa were going to erect a monument to Kotovsky on Primorsky Boulevard, using the pedestal of the monument to the Duke de Richelieu, but later abandoned these plans.
· Monument to Kotovsky in Berdichev on Red (Bald) Mountain*
· Monument to Kotovsky in Uman *
Musical groups
· Ukrainian rock band “Barber named after. Kotovsky"
8.2. Kotovsky in art
· In the USSR, the publishing house "IZOGIZ" published a postcard with the image of G. Kotovsky.
Song "Kotovsky"
So this is Kotovsky,
Famous Bessarabian Robin Hood.
So this is Kotovsky,
And a poet, and a gentleman, and a troublemaker.
The image of G. I. Kotovsky in cinema
· “Kotovsky” (1942) - Nikolai Mordvinov.
· “The Last Haiduk” (Moldova-film, 1972) - Valery Gataev.
· “On the Wolf's Trail” (1977) - Evgeny Lazarev.
· “Kotovsky” (2010) - Vladislav Galkin.
· “Wedding in Malinovka (1967)” - the village is liberated by a detachment of Kotovsky’s division.
Poems and songs
· The musical group “Forbidden Drummers” performs the song “Kotovsky” to the music of V. Pivtorypavlo and lyrics by I. Trofimov.
· U Ukrainian singer and composer Andriy Mykolaichuk there is a song “Kotovsky”.
· The Soviet poet Mikhail Kulchitsky has a poem “The worst thing in the world is to be calm,” which mentions Kotovsky.
· The poet Eduard Bagritsky very clearly described G.I. Kotovsky in the poem “Duma about Opanas” (1926).
· Kotovsky is one of characters V. Pelevin’s novel “Chapaev and Emptiness”. However, like other characters in this novel, this hero is connected more with Kotovsky from anecdotes than with historical figure.
· G.I. Kotovsky and the Kotovites are mentioned in the book “How the Steel Was Tempered” by N. Ostrovsky.
References:
1. Shikman A. Figures national history. M., 1997. T. 1. P. 410
2. Savchenko V.A. Grigory Kotovsky: from criminals to heroes // Adventurers of the Civil War: Historical Investigation. - Kharkov: AST, 2000. - 368 p. - ISBN 5–17–002710–9
3. Gul R.B. Kotovsky. Anarchist marshal... - 2nd. - New York: Most, 1975. - 204 p.
5. Fomin Alexander If corps commanders die, it means someone needs it... (Russian). Pseudologiya (14.08.2003).
6. Kotovsky - commander from legend
Grigory Ivanovich Kotovsky
Family
Grigory Kotovsky was born on June 12 (24), 1881 in the village of Ganchesti (now the city of Hincesti in Moldova), in the family of a factory mechanic. Besides him, his parents had five more children. Kotovsky's father was a Russified Orthodox Pole, his mother was Russian. Through his father, Grigory Kotovsky came from an old Polish aristocratic family that owned an estate in the Kamenets-Podolsk province. Kotovsky’s grandfather was dismissed early for his connections with participants in the Polish national movement. Later he went bankrupt, and Grigory Kotovsky’s father, a mechanical engineer by training, was forced to move to Bessarabia and join the philistine class.
Childhood and Youth
According to the recollections of Kotovsky himself, as a child he loved sports and adventurous novels. Since childhood, he was distinguished by his athletic build and had the makings of a leader. He suffered from logoneurosis. At two years old, Kotovsky lost his mother, and at sixteen, his father. The care of Grisha's upbringing was taken upon himself by his godmother Sophia Schall, a young widow, the daughter of an engineer, a Belgian citizen who worked in the neighborhood and was a friend of the boy's father, and his godfather - the landowner of Manuk Bay. Manuk Bey helped the young man enter the Kokorozen Agricultural School and paid for the entire boarding school. At the school, Gregory studied agronomy and the German language especially carefully, since Manuk Bey promised to send him for “additional training” to Germany at the Higher Agricultural Courses. These hopes were dashed by the death of Manuk Bey in 1902.
Revolutionary activities
After graduating from agricultural school in 1900, he worked as an assistant manager and estate manager. For protecting farm laborers, Kotovsky was arrested in 1902 and 1903. While at the agronomy school, he became acquainted with Socialist Revolutionary circles and, at the age of 17, went to prison for the first time. During the Russo-Japanese War in 1904, he did not show up at the recruiting station. In 1905 he was arrested for evading military service and sent to the Kostroma Infantry Regiment.
Soon he deserted and organized a gang, at the head of which he carried out predatory raids - he burned estates, destroyed debt receipts, robbed landowners and distributed the loot to the poor. The peasants provided assistance to Kotovsky’s detachment, sheltered it from the gendarmes, and supplied it with food, clothing, and weapons. Thanks to this, his squad remained elusive for a long time, and legends circulated about the audacity of the attacks he carried out. Kotovsky was arrested several times, and in 1907 he was sentenced to 12 years of hard labor. He fled from Nerchinsk in 1913 and returned to Bessarabia. He hid, working as a loader and laborer. At the beginning of 1915, he again led an armed detachment in Bessarabia.
In 1916, the Odessa Military District Court sentenced Kotovsky to death. Thanks to the intervention of General Brusilov's wife, the execution was first postponed and later replaced with indefinite hard labor. In May 1917, Kotovsky was conditionally released and sent to the army on the Romanian front. There he becomes a member of the regimental committee of the 136th Taganrog Infantry Regiment. In November 1917 he joined the Left Social Revolutionaries and was elected a member of the 6th Army Committee.
Poems about Kotovsky
He's too fast
To be called lightning,
He's too hard
To be known as a rock...
Civil war
In January-March 1918 he commanded the Tiraspol detachment, and from July 1919 - one of the brigades of the 45th Infantry Division. In November 1919, as part of the 45th division, he took part in the defense of Petrograd. From January 1920 he commanded a cavalry brigade, fighting in Bessarabia, Ukraine and on the Soviet-Polish front. In April 1920 he joined the RCP(b).
Since December 1920, Kotovsky has been the head of the 17th Cavalry Division. In 1921, he commanded cavalry units, including suppressing the uprisings of the Makhnovists, Antonovites and Petliurists. In September 1921, Kotovsky was appointed head of the 9th Cavalry Division, and in October 1922 - commander of the 2nd Cavalry Corps. In the summer of 1925, People's Commissar Frunze appointed Kotovsky as his deputy. Grigory Ivanovich did not have time to take office.
Stalin about Kotovsky
“...I knew Comrade Kotovsky as an exemplary party member, an experienced military organizer and a skilled commander.
I remember him especially well on the Polish front in 1920, when Comrade Budyonny was breaking through to Zhitomir in the rear Polish army, and Kotovsky led his cavalry brigade on desperately bold raids on the Kyiv army of the Poles. He was a terror for the White Poles, because he knew how to “crumple” them like no one else, as the Red Army soldiers said then.
The bravest among our modest commanders and the most modest among the brave - this is how I remember Comrade Kotovsky.
Eternal memory and glory to him..."
From volume 8 of the collected works of J.V. Stalin in 16 volumes, also published in the newspaper “Communist” (Kharkov) No. 43, February 23, 1926.
Murder
Kotovsky was shot dead on August 6, 1925 while on vacation at the Chebank state farm by Meyer Seider, nicknamed Majorik, who was Mishka Yaponchik’s adjutant in 1919. According to another version, Seider had nothing to do with military service and was not the commander’s adjutant, but was the former owner of an Odessa brothel. Documents related to the murder of Kotovsky are kept in Russian special storage facilities and are classified as “top secret.”
Meyer Seider did not hide from the investigation and immediately announced committed crime. In August 1926, the killer was sentenced to 10 years in prison. While in prison, he almost immediately became the head of the prison club and received the right to freely enter the city. In 1928, Seider was released with the wording “For exemplary behavior.” He worked as a coupler on the railway. In the fall of 1930, he was killed by three veterans of Kotovsky's division. Researchers have reason to believe that all competent authorities had information about the impending murder of Seider. Seider's killers were not convicted.
Funeral
The Soviet authorities arranged a magnificent funeral for the legendary corps commander, comparable in pomp to the funeral of V.I. Lenin.
The body arrived at the Odessa station solemnly, surrounded by a guard of honor, the coffin was buried in flowers and wreaths. In the columned hall of the district executive committee, “wide access to all workers” was opened to the coffin. And Odessa lowered the mourning flags. In the cantonment towns of the 2nd Cavalry Corps, a 20-gun salute was fired. On August 11, 1925, a special funeral train delivered the coffin with Kotovsky’s body to Birzulu.
Prominent military leaders S. M. Budyonny and A. I. Egorov arrived at Kotovsky’s funeral in Birzulu; the commander of the Ukrainian Military District, I. E. Yakir, and one of the leaders of the Ukrainian government, A. I. Butsenko, arrived from Kyiv.
Mausoleum
The day after the murder, August 7, 1925, a group of embalmers, led by Professor Vorobyov, was urgently sent from Moscow to Odessa. A few days later, the work of embalming Kotovsky’s body was completed.
The mausoleum was made according to the type of the mausoleum of N.I. Pirogov near Vinnitsa and Lenin in Moscow. At first, the mausoleum consisted only of an underground part.
In a specially equipped room at a shallow depth, a glass sarcophagus was installed, in which Kotovsky’s body was preserved at a certain temperature and humidity. Next to the sarcophagus, on satin pads, Grigory Ivanovich's awards were kept - three Orders of the Red Banner of Battle. And a little further away, on a special pedestal, there was an honorary revolutionary weapon - an inlaid cavalry saber.
In 1934, a fundamental structure with a small platform and bas-relief compositions on the theme of the Civil War was erected above the underground part. Just like at Lenin's mausoleum, parades and demonstrations were held here, military oaths and admission to pioneers were held. Workers had access to Kotovsky's body.
In 1941, during the Second World War, the retreat of Soviet troops did not allow the evacuation of Kotovsky’s body. At the beginning of August 1941, Kotovsk was first occupied by German and then Romanian troops. On August 6, 1941, exactly 16 years after the murder of the corps commander, the occupation forces smashed Kotovsky’s sarcophagus and violated the body, throwing Kotovsky’s remains into a freshly dug trench along with the corpses of executed local residents.
Workers at the railway depot, led by the head of the repair shops, Ivan Timofeevich Skorubsky, opened the trench and reburied the dead, and Kotovsky’s remains were collected in a bag and kept until the end of the occupation in 1944. The mausoleum was restored in 1965 in a reduced form. Kotovsky's body is kept in a closed coffin with a small window.
Awards
Kotovsky was awarded three Orders of the Red Banner and an Honorary Revolutionary Weapon - an inlaid cavalry saber.
According to wikipedia.org
Grigory Kotovsky Soviet military and political figure, commander of the Red Army June 24, 1881 - August 6, 1925.
Grigory Ivanovich Kotovsky was born (12) June 24, 1881 in the family of a factory mechanic in the village of Ganchesti (now the city of Hincesti in Moldova). Gregory's father was a Russified Orthodox Pole from an old Polish aristocratic family that owned an estate in the Kamenets-Podolsk province, his mother was Russian.
Already in childhood, Kotovsky’s biography differed from his peers. He grew up a strong, athletic boy. And when he lost his mother (at 2 years old) and father (at 16), he began to be raised by his godmother Sophia Schall.
Grigory entered the Kukuruzensky Agricultural School, where he became close to the Socialist Revolutionaries. After graduating from college, he worked on various estates in the province as an assistant manager. But he didn’t stay anywhere for long because of his tough temperament and addiction to theft. So Kotovsky Grigory in the biography eventually became famous person in gangster circles. In 1905, he was arrested for failing to show up to fulfill his military duties (in 1904 the Russo-Japanese War began). Kotovsky was sent to the front, but he deserted, and besides that, he gathered and began to lead a detachment that robbed landowners, their estates, and distributed everything they received to the poor. For a long time they could not catch Gregory; the peasants supported his detachment, hiding him from the gendarmes.
In 1906, Kotovsky Grigory Ivanovich was nevertheless arrested in his biography. He escaped from prison and was detained again six months later. This time he was sentenced to 12 years of hard labor. He stayed in Siberia, then in the Oryol Central, Nerchinsk (from where he fled in 1913). Kotovsky returned to Bessarabia, where he soon led his group again. Over time, the scope of the group’s activities increased: in 1915, raids began on banks, offices, and treasuries. After the robbery of the Bendery treasury, he was arrested and sentenced to death. But Kotovsky’s cunning and resourcefulness again allowed him to escape punishment. He was placed in Odessa prison, from where he was released in 1917.
During the Civil War, Grigory Kotovsky participated in the defense of Petrograd, commanded a cavalry brigade, fighting in Bessarabia, Ukraine and on the Soviet-Polish front. In 1921, Kotovsky commanded cavalry units, including suppressing the uprisings of the Makhnovists, Antonovites and Petliurists.
In the summer of 1925, People's Commissar Frunze appointed Kotovsky as his deputy. Grigory Ivanovich did not have time to take office - he was shot by Meyer Seider on August 6, 1925 while resting on the Chebanka state farm.
The legendary corps commander was given a magnificent funeral, comparable in pomp to the funeral of V.I. Lenin. A city in the Odessa region of Ukraine was named after Kotovsky, where Grigory Ivanovich was buried in a specially built mausoleum.
Documents related to the murder of Kotovsky are kept in Russian special storage facilities and are classified as “top secret.” The killer was sentenced to 10 years in prison, but two years later he was released “for exemplary behavior.” In the fall of 1930, Seider was killed by three veterans of Kotovsky's division. There is reason to believe that all competent authorities knew about the impending murder of Seider, but the killers were not convicted.
Death of Kotovsky
There is a strange pattern in Kotovsky’s death. People who emerge unharmed from battles, from clouds of dangers and adventures, most often find death at the hands of a sent killer.
Yes, it was difficult to officially liquidate Kotovsky, who was popular among the people - by declaring, for example, an enemy, a traitor, etc. Ten years later, obedient Soviet people will meekly believe in not such miracles, but then, in 1925, this had not yet come into use. Therefore, the powers that be in that world had to act differently.
Today there is no longer any doubt that Grigory Ivanovich was destroyed by order “from above” and that Kotovsky’s death is directly related to his appointment to the post of Deputy People’s Commissar of Military Affairs of the USSR.
In order not to deviate too much, we remind readers only of the main thing: Frunze was forced to undergo surgery for a stomach ulcer, which by that time had practically healed. During this operation, Frunze was given an increased dose of chloroform (this is with an obviously diseased heart!) from which he died right on the operating table.
In this chain of logical constructions, the fact that little known fact that Frunze, appointed in January 1925 as chairman of the Revolutionary Military Council and People's Commissar of the USSR, closely followed the progress of the investigation into the murder of Kotovsky. Shocked by the absurd death of the commander of one of the largest and important connections The Red Army, who had recently become a member of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR and was invited to the post of Deputy People's Commissar of Military Affairs, Frunze, apparently, suspected something was wrong, requesting all documents on the Seider case to Moscow. Who knows how the investigation would have turned out, what threads it would have pulled and what names would have been named if Frunze himself had not died on the operating table in October of the same year? After his death, Seider’s documents were returned back to Odessa, and no one could stop the investigators there from building the legend that someone needed about Kotovsky’s death.
ROBIN HOOD OF REVOLUTION!
On June 24, 1881, Grigory Ivanovich Kotovsky was born - a hero of the Civil War, an outstanding military organizer, commander of the cavalry corps of the Red Army.
place of birth: s. Ganchesti, Bessarabian Governorate, Russian Empire
Place of death: Chebanka state farm, Odessa region, Ukrainian SSR, USSR
Branch of the military: cavalry
Years of service: 1918-1925
Commanded: 2nd Cavalry Corps
Kotovsky Grigory Ivanovich- Soviet military and political figure, participant in the Civil War. Member of the Union, Ukrainian and Moldavian Central Executive Committee. Member of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR.
Grigory Kotovsky was born June 12 (24), 1881 in the village of Hanchesti (now the city of Hincesti in Moldova), in the family of a factory mechanic. Besides him, his parents had five more children. Kotovsky's father was a Russified Orthodox Pole, his mother was Russian. Through his father, Grigory Kotovsky came from an old Polish aristocratic family that owned an estate in the Kamenets-Podolsk province. Kotovsky’s grandfather was dismissed early for his connections with participants in the Polish national movement. Later he went bankrupt, and Grigory Kotovsky’s father, a mechanical engineer by training, was forced to move to Bessarabia and join the philistine class.
According to the recollections of Kotovsky himself, as a child he loved sports and adventure novels. Since childhood, he was distinguished by his athletic build and had the makings of a leader. He suffered from logoneurosis. At two years old, Kotovsky lost his mother, and at sixteen, his father. The care of Grisha's upbringing was taken over by his godmother Sophia Schall, a young widow, the daughter of an engineer, a Belgian citizen who worked in the neighborhood and was a friend of the boy's father, and his godfather, the landowner of Manuk Bay. Manuk Bey helped the young man enter the Kukuruzen Agricultural School and paid for the entire boarding school. At the school, Gregory studied agronomy and the German language especially carefully, since Manuk Bey promised to send him for “additional training” to Germany at the Higher Agricultural Courses. These hopes were dashed by the death of Manuk Bey in 1902. Kotovsky wrote that at school he “showed the traits of that stormy, freedom-loving nature, which later unfolded to its full extent... giving school mentors no rest.”
After graduating from agricultural school in 1900 he worked as assistant manager and estate manager.
For protecting farm laborers, Kotovsky was arrested in 1902 and 1903. During his stay at the agronomy school, he became acquainted with the circles of the Social Revolutionaries and At the age of 17 he went to prison for the first time. During the Russo-Japanese War in 1904, he did not show up at the recruiting station. In 1905, he was arrested for evading military service and sent to the 19th Kostroma Infantry Regiment, stationed in Zhitomir.
Soon he deserted and organized a detachment, at the head of which he carried out predatory raids - he burned estates, destroyed debt receipts, robbed landowners and distributed the loot to the poor. The peasants provided assistance to Kotovsky’s detachment, sheltered it from the gendarmes, and supplied it with food, clothing, and weapons. Thanks to this, the detachment remained elusive for a long time, and legends circulated about the audacity of the attacks they carried out.
Kotovsky was arrested on January 18, 1906, but was able to escape from the Chisinau prison six months later. A month later - on September 24, 1906 - he was arrested again, and in 1907 he was sentenced to 12 years of hard labor and sent to Siberia through the Elisavetograd and Smolensk prisons. In 1910 he was delivered to the Oryol Central. In 1911, he was transferred to the place of serving his sentence - to the Nerchinsk penal servitude. He escaped from Nerchinsk on February 27, 1913 and returned to Bessarabia. He hid, working as a loader, a laborer, and then again led a combat group. The group’s activities took on a particularly daring character from the beginning of 1915, when the militants moved from robbing individuals to raiding offices and banks. In particular, they committed a major robbery of the Bendery treasury, which raised the entire police of Bessarabia and Odessa to their feet.
In September 1915, in Odessa, Kotovsky and his associates burst into the apartment of the cattle dealer Holstein and offered to contribute 10 thousand rubles to the fund for the disadvantaged, “since many Odessa old women and babies do not have the means to buy milk.” Aron Holstein had such impudence, as they say in Odessa, that he offered the children only 500 rubles for milk. People's Intercessors They, of course, flared up with noble anger and robbed the owner and his guest Baron Steiberg of 8,838 rubles. At that time, this money could supply milk to the entire city.
I used violence and terror to take away values from the rich exploiter... and transferred them to those who created these riches... Without knowing the party, I was already a Bolshevik.
On June 25, 1916 he was arrested again, sentenced by the Odessa Military District Court to death penalty. But within a few days he made an exceptionally subtle and inventive move. The Odessa Military District Court was subordinate to the commander of the Southwestern Front, General A. A. Brusilov, and it was Brusilov who had to approve the death sentence over him. Kotovsky wrote a touching letter to Brusilov’s wife, by which the sensitive woman was shocked, and the execution was first postponed and later replaced with indefinite hard labor. After receiving the news of the abdication of Nicholas II from the throne, a riot occurred in the Odessa prison, and self-government was established in the prison.
The provisional government announced a broad political amnesty. In May 1917, Kotovsky was paroled and was sent to the army on the Romanian front. There he became a member of the regimental committee of the 136th Taganrog Infantry Regiment. In November 1917, he joined the Left Social Revolutionaries and was elected a member of the soldiers' committee of the 6th Army. Then Kotovsky, with the detachment assigned to him, was authorized by Rumcherod to establish new order in Chisinau and its environs.
In January 1918 Kotovsky led the detachment, which covered the retreat of the Bolsheviks from Chisinau. In January-March 1918, he commanded a cavalry group in the Tiraspol detachment. In March 1918, the Odessa Soviet Republic was liquidated by Austro-German troops that entered Ukraine as part of an agreement between the Kyiv Ukrainian Central Rada and the Moscow Bolsheviks Treaty of Brest-Litovsk. Kotovsky's detachment was disbanded. Kotovsky himself went underground. With the departure of the Austro-German interventionists, on April 19, 1919, Kotovsky received an appointment from the Odessa Commissariat to the post of head of the military commissariat in Ovidiopol. In July 1919, he was appointed commander of the 2nd brigade of the 45th rifle division (the brigade was created on the basis of the Pridnestrovian regiment). In November 1919, Kotovsky came down with pneumonia. From January 1920, he commanded the cavalry brigade of the 45th Infantry Division, fighting in Ukraine and on the Soviet-Polish front. In April 1920 he joined the RCP(b).
Since December 1920, Kotovsky has been the head of the 17th Cavalry Division. In 1921, he commanded cavalry units, including suppressing the uprisings of the Makhnovists, Antonovites and Petliurists. In September 1921, Kotovsky was appointed head of the 9th Cavalry Division, and in October 1922 - commander of the 2nd Cavalry Corps. In the summer of 1925, the People's Commissar Frunze appoints Kotovsky as his deputy. Grigory Ivanovich did not have time to take office.
Among the musicians of the orchestra of the 2nd Cavalry Corps. 1923
In the Uman region, where the core of the corps was located, the corps commander leased sugar factories, supplying the Red Army with sugar. He controlled the meat trade and meat supply to the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army in the southwest of the Ukrainian SSR. All this began to bring good income, especially after the introduction of the gold ruble. A military-consumer society with subsidiary farms and workshops was created at the corps: they sewed boots, suits, and blankets. G.I. Kotovsky proved himself not only a talented military leader, but also a strong business executive. His corps was self-sufficient.
About scope economic activity says the fact that Kotovsky created and controlled mills in 23 villages. He organized the processing of old soldiers' uniforms into raw wool. Profitable contracts were signed with flax and cotton factories. The divisions had state farms, breweries, and butcher shops. The hops, which were grown in the fields of Kotovsky on the state farm, were bought by merchants from Czechoslovakia for 1.5 million gold rubles per year.
Grigory Ivanovich's wife - Olga Petrovna Kotovskaya, after Shakin's first husband (1894-1961). According to the published testimony of her son, G. G. Kotovsky, Olga Petrovna is from Syzran, from a peasant family, a graduate Faculty of Medicine Moscow University, was a student of the surgeon N.N. Burdenko, being a member of the Bolshevik Party, she volunteered for Southern Front. She met her future husband in the fall of 1918 on a train, when Kotovsky was catching up with the brigade after suffering from typhus, and they got married at the end of the same year. Olga served as a doctor in Kotovsky’s cavalry brigade. After the death of her husband, she worked for 18 years at the Kiev District Hospital, as a major in the medical service.
But on the night of August 6, 1925, the Soviet people were shocked by the news Kotovsky was shot dead while relaxing at the Chebanka state farm (on the Black Sea coast, 30 km from Odessa). Documents related to the murder of Kotovsky are in Russian special storage facilities classified as "top secret".
“I knew Comrade Kotovsky as an exemplary party member, an experienced military organizer and a skilled commander.
I remember him especially well on the Polish front in 1920, when Comrade Budyonny broke through to Zhitomir in the rear of the Polish army, and Kotovsky led his cavalry brigade on desperately bold raids on the Kyiv army of the Poles. He was a terror for the White Poles, because he knew how to “crumple” them like no one else, as the Red Army soldiers said then.
The bravest among our modest commanders and the most modest among the brave - this is how I remember Comrade Kotovsky. Eternal memory and glory to him." — I. Stalin
From me:
Please note that the Internet space is packed to capacity a huge amount fakes about the life and death of G.I. Kotovsky. You see how they throw mud at everyone outstanding people who took an active part in creating the first in human history people's state. You see how the internal and external enemy is pouring a bucket of psychological mud on the creator of the USSR V.I. Lenin and Generalissimo I.V. Stalin.
The enemies of the USSR are still afraid of the memory of these great people. G.I. Kotovsky is one of these people. He is one of the outstanding commanders of the Red Army during the Civil War and intervention. He raised a free but hungry people to fight the invaders and white bandits and led them to victory.
For those who are interested in fate outstanding military leader The Red Army during the Civil War and intervention is recommended for viewing film "Kotovsky" 1942 release, which, in my opinion, can be trusted. Until 1953, films were filmed in the USSR feature films about the heroes, documenting their biography.
Kotovsky 1942:
