Magtymguly biography. Institutions and organizations

Magtymguly(pers. مخدومقلی فراغی‎, Makhdumqoli Faraghi; Turkmenistan Magtymguly Pyragy- real name; "Frags"- pseudonym; 1727 or 1733 - around 1783) - Turkmen poet, classic. Son of the poet Azadi Dovletmamed.

Biography

Magtymguly was born in the village of Hadji-Govshan in the valley of the Atrek River with its tributaries Sumbar and Chendyr in Turkmenistan, in the foothills of the Kopet Dag, where the Turkmens of the Goklen tribe lived. The Magtymguly family belonged to the Kyshyk tribe of the Gerkez clan, a branch of the Goklen tribe - a sedentary agricultural tribe that was vassal to the Persian rulers.

IN mature age the poet chose the pseudonym Fragi (separated). At the end of each poem he placed this pseudonym, sometimes real name, as if addressing himself. This was in the tradition of poetry of his time.

Studied in mekteb ( rural school), where his father taught. Magtymguly began to read Persian and Arabic as a child, which was greatly facilitated by the home library collected by his father. Also in childhood, Magtymguly became involved in crafts - saddlery, blacksmithing and jewelry.

In 1753, Magtymguly studied for one year at the madrasah at the tomb of St. Idris Baba in Kizil-Ayak on the Amu Darya in the Bukhara Khanate.

In 1754, Magtymguly went to Bukhara, where he entered the famous Kokeltash madrasah, where he also studied for one year. There he became friends with a Turkmen from Syria named Nuri-Kazim ibn Bahar, high educated person, who bore the spiritual title of Mawlana.

Together with Nuri-Kazym, Magtymguly went to travel through the territories of present-day Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, crossed Afghanistan and reached northern India.

In 1757 both arrived in Khiva, major center education with many madrassas. Here Magtymguly entered the madrasah built by the Khan of Shirgazi in 1713. People from families especially marked by the khan's favor studied here. Here he completed the course of study begun in two previous madrassas.

In 1760, Magtymguly’s father died, and the poet returned to his homeland. The girl he loved named Mengli was married off to another man whose family was able to pay the required bride price. He carried his love for Mengli throughout his life - many poems are dedicated to it.

Another blow was the death of two older brothers who were part of the embassy to the powerful ruler Ahmed Shah - they were captured. Longing for brothers is reflected in many poems.

Returning home, Magtymguly got married. He loved his two sons, Sarah and Ibrahim, very much; but the boys died when one was twelve and the other seven.

After 1760 and before his death, Magtymguly traveled to the Mangyshlak Peninsula, to Astrakhan, through the territory of present-day Azerbaijan and the countries of the Middle East.

Magtymguly significantly changed Turkmen poetic language, bringing him closer to in folk speech. He also abandoned the Arab-Persian metric, traditional for Turkmen literature, and replaced it with a syllabic system.

Memory

In Turkmenistan, the Day of Revival, Unity and Poetry of Magtymguly Fragi is celebrated annually on May 18, which is a day off.
Was released in 1959 postage stamp USSR, dedicated to Magtymguly.
In 1991, a commemorative USSR coin dedicated to Magtymguly was issued.

Monuments

Monuments to Magtymguly have been erected in different cities of the world. Largest quantity sculptures are located in the cities of Turkmenistan and countries former USSR(Kyiv, Astrakhan, Khiva), as well as in Iran and Turkey.

In particular, a monument to the Turkmen poet Magtymguly made of concrete and natural stone was erected in the center of Ashgabat in 1971, in Magtymguly Square on Magtymguly Avenue (formerly Freedom Avenue), opposite the building of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Turkmenistan.

MAKHTUMKULI FRAGI

Magtymguly Fragi
(1727 or 1733 - around 1783)

DINA NEMIROVSKAYA

MAKHTUMKULI FRAGI – TURKMENISTAN USTA

Several centuries separate us from the time when he lived and created great poet, Turkmen converter literary language Magtymguly. He was born and raised on the banks of the Atrek River in the town of Hadji-Govshan. Magtymguly’s father, Davlet-mamed Azadi, was a very educated man and helped great attention to shape the spiritual image of his son. Magtymguly graduated first from the mektebe in his native village, and then from the Shirgazi Khan madrasah in Khiva. He will write about his years of study at the madrasah in one of his poems: “Educated by you, enlightened by you... / The wisdom of books was life-giving rain for me...”

The great poet, thinker and educator Magtymguly Fragi, whose name is as dear to the Turkmen as the name of Alexander Pushkin to the Russians, came to Astrakhan more than once and lived for a long time in the village of Funtovo. Here Magtymguly wrote his poems, which the people memorized by heart and passed on from generation to generation. The first collection of his poems was published in Astrakhan in 1912.
In adulthood, the poet chose the pseudonym Fragi (separated). At the end of each poem he placed this pseudonym, sometimes his real name, as if addressing himself. This was in the tradition of poetry of his time.

He studied at a mekteb (rural school), where his father taught. Magtymguly began to read Persian and Arabic as a child, which was greatly facilitated by the home library collected by his father. Also in childhood, Magtymguly became involved in crafts - saddlery, blacksmithing and jewelry.

In 1753, Magtymguly studied for one year at the madrasah at the tomb of St. Idris Baba in Kizil-Ayak on the Amu Darya in the Bukhara Khanate.

In 1754, Magtymguly went to Bukhara, where he entered the famous Kokeltash madrasah, where he also studied for one year. There he became friends with a Turkmen from Syria named Nuri-Kazim ibn Bahar, a highly educated man who bore the spiritual title of Mawlana.

Together with Nuri-Kazym, Magtymguly went to travel through the territories of present-day Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, crossed Afghanistan and reached northern India.

In 1757, both arrived in Khiva, a major center of education with many madrassas. Here Magtymguly entered the madrasah built by the Khan of Shirgazi in 1713. People from families especially marked by the khan's favor studied here. Here he completed the course of study begun in two previous madrassas.

Another blow was the death of two older brothers who were part of the embassy to the powerful ruler Ahmed Shah - they were captured.

Longing for brothers is reflected in many poems.

Returning home, Magtymguly got married. He loved his two sons, Sarah and Ibrahim, very much; but the boys died when one was twelve and the other seven years old.

After 1760 and before his death, Magtymguly traveled to the Mangyshlak Peninsula, to Astrakhan, through the territory of present-day Azerbaijan and the countries of the Middle East.

Magtymguly Fragi significantly changed the Turkmen poetic language, bringing it closer to folk speech. He also abandoned the Arab-Persian metric, traditional for Turkmen literature, and replaced it with a syllabic system.

A descendant of the poet from Iran was invited to the celebrations marking the opening of the monument to Magtymguly Fragi in Astrakhan. Now the monument is installed in the park opposite Astrakhan state university. Its height is over six meters; four tons of bronze were used to cast it. This is a gift from President of Turkmenistan Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedov for the 450th anniversary of Astrakhan.

Much about the poet’s life can be learned from his poems; there is no exact biography of Magtymguly. After graduating from the madrasah, Magtymguly returned to his native village and began teaching in the mekteb. Unbreakable connection with the people, with their life was the fertile soil on which Magtymguly’s poetry grew. He writes poems about native nature, about the hardworking Turkmen people. Magtymguly spent a lot of time on self-education, studying history and art of the countries of the East. Becoming famous poet he traveled extensively in Iran, Afghanistan and other countries of the East. Poetic heritage Magtymguly mainly compose songs written in ancient folk form. His songs reflect heroic themes, legends and traditions of the Turkmen people. Of no small importance in his work is love lyrics(“Beloved”, “Two Moons”, “Come on a Date”). IN early years Magtymguly fell in love with the girl Mengli, but her relatives married her off to someone else. The poet married a certain Ak-kyz, but family life did not bring him happiness.

IN early childhood The sons of the poet Sarah and Ibrahim died. His poems began to appear sad lines. Magtymguly’s philosophical songs contain the theme of the frailty of the world, brevity and impermanence human life. The poet died in 1782 and was buried next to his father. Poetry national poet and today it amazes with its depth, lyricism, patriotism, it is close and understandable to us living in the 21st century: “The mountain ranges of the earth will part. / Descendants will remember Magtymguly: / Truly, he became the mouth of Turkmenistan.”

FROM THE POETIC HERITAGE OF MAKTYMKULI FRAGI

Not appropriate

(translated by Yu. Valich)

Khan's son from lush tents
It’s not appropriate to invite someone to the barn for dinner.
A shepherd drives cows out into the field,
It was not proper for him to equip an army.

Wise advice helps everywhere.
A worthy friend will help in trouble.
What will you answer at the Last Judgment?
It is not appropriate to ask the wise about this.

The valiant does not tremble before a thunderstorm.
Not every horseman will become a hero.
The cancer is retreating. It doesn't crawl, it doesn't run.
It is not proper to forget your own home.

Know that the wine of knowledge is beneficial,
Promising healing to the dead is ridiculous.
The raven is given seven centuries to live.
It’s not time to disrupt the course.

Don't be afraid of thorny roads -
The doors will open to the heavenly palace.
The rivers that merged into a single stream,
It is not appropriate to irrigate dead deserts.

Heart of Fraga, you are on fire today:
I saw the fallen in battle.
A bitter funeral feast in a sad country
It is not appropriate to announce hopes with a song.

Mountains in the fog

(translated by A Tarkovsky)

Mountain peaks in milky fog,
They are not visible to us in winter.
Don't talk about your husband
Judge by appearance alone.

The one walked away, the other sat down.
People mock the unworthy.
The fire of love will flare up -
One is hiding, another is screaming.

And in front of me in the open space
The sea played with my hopes!..
Dzhigit both in poverty and in grief
He walks the straight road.

But if rock wears on your heart,
Lukman is fussing over you in vain.
The moon wants to return in vain
Goods purchased by the Earth.

The clothes of the exuberant are constricting.
The ignoramus is captivated by vices.
Hope lives on the coward
Hide behind a strong wall.

I stand with my head bowed:
What has my tongue done to me?
But only a coward is not eager to fight,
To lie with your bones for your native land.

And who will condemn Magtymguly?
Because he won't forget,
That I gave my word to the truth and will be
Faithful to that oath to the grave.

(translated by A. Tarkovsky)

Like the flesh of the return of being,
Having experienced the dream of death, he wishes
My bloody one
The soul desires other times.

Majnun, far from home,
In the remote regions of a foreign land,
Your laughing Leili,
Intoxicated with tears, desires.

Looking for Shirin, from city to city
Exhausted Farhad wanders;
Her life-giving rewards,
Already incinerated, desires.

Vamik, who finally got there,
To her Azra, to her palace,
Seeking freedom like a fugitive
The evil one is full of desires to dissolve.

Prigozh Yusup, like a deity,
Not believing in my triumph,
Zuleikha looks at him,
He wants to hold back his love moan.

Fragi is exhausted by illness:
Uniter of Tribes
The arrival of the blessed one,
He is in love with Turkmenistan and desires it.

I'm looking for salvation

(translated by A. Tarkovsky)

I am a slave of love, goklen from Atrek,
I'm looking for the mistress of the spell.
A mentor in the desert of the century,
I am looking for the gift of peace.

Severely banished by fate
From under the parental roof,
Deprived of the edge of the dear,
I'm looking for a holiday market.

Brother Abdullah - the apple of his eye -
Disappeared. Mamed-Sapa is far away.
I am the patronage of the prophet,
Swallowing the heat of tears, I search.

And my heart flutters like a bird,
And I feel bitter, and my blood is clouded:
I don't know where to hide
Where to run? I'm looking for Mazar.

I walked through innocent meadows,
Sang to the skies, mountains, valleys,
And now in the den of serpents
I'm looking for my sonorous dutar.

Magtymguly in the time of vengeance,
Like a chain, it endures its torment.
Where are you, Turkmenistan? Rescue,
Having taken a blow from fate, I search.

(translated by A. Tarkovsky)

Wanderers, look at me.
Who else is languishing like me?
Moths, lovers of fire,
Who among you does not strive for bliss?

Wind, wind, you are in foreign lands
Sang in my ears, kicked up the dust of the road...
Is there a just Shah in the world?
Where is his happy capital?

Holy man, have you seen the heavenly paradise,
You bless the earthly land,
And a bai walks around the world.
Tell me where poverty can hide?

I made a pipe from reeds -
The moneylender heard the debtor.
You are my birds! From the hawk
Can a titmouse hide?

Fish, you are the boat and the rower,
The blue abyss is your palace.
Is there an island in the world where the fugitive
Could you not be afraid of eternal disasters?

The envious world, you are as old as time,
You are taking away your blessed gift...
Is there such a market on earth?
Where are diamonds for pennies?

There is only one beauty in the world,
Like a fortnightly moon;
Her mole is marred, -
Who can compare with my chosen one?

My Mengli lived on earth,
She burned my heart and left.
I have her arrow in my chest.
Where is she? Which star is the queen?

I miss my native land.
Did you walk with her in the mountains?
Let me know if it's still there
Is it raining, is the gray fog swirling?

The years will pass by.
New cities will arise.
Who can tell me - will there be then?
Does a person pray according to the Koran?

A new moon will be born -
She did not disappear forever.
Built for the moneylender,
Will there be a secure dungeon?

Magtymguly spoke little,
You could read the sadness in his eyes.
Swans of the fatherland,
Isn’t it bitter to be separated from you?

(translated by G. Shengeli)

Mountain peaks: fogs here and there;
The sea wind howls among the heights of Gurgen;
When the rain rushes by, they roar madly
Streams of muddy foamy waters of Gurgen.

The forests are dense - there are reeds along the banks;
The living flower garden is replete with beauties in silver;
There is a gray sheep, a white horse, a black bull,
There are buffalo and aurochs: the cattle of Gurgen are plentiful!

There are rough rows with Mayas;
Merchants and drivers crowd around the water;
And layered ridges rise everywhere
Unshakable rocks - like a stronghold of Gurgen!

Horsemen rush around the camp to tighten their shawls
And with a hunting falcon they jump on a dangerous path.
And the doe exposes her chest to the wet wind;
The entire sky of Gurgen is filled with the call of a deer!

Magtymguly passed through many different countries,
But I have never felt so many wounds in my heart:
Here is the tender peri, swaying like a gazelle,
Finding a ford among the wild waters of Gurgen!

I had to

(translated by T. Streshneva)

Love and the sea have no bottom,
I had to burn in immense passion.
Plays with the heart like a chipped wave,
I had to overcome the madness of the waves.

I was sleeping. The moment of awakening was threatening.
Love is difficult, I knew that from books.
But I did not comprehend the depths of suffering,
For this I had to endure torment.

Love is like a sigh, like a breeze,
As soon as you touch you, you’re far away again.
And the melancholy becomes ever sharper and brighter,
I had to mourn my past happiness.

How little sun your pupil
The bonfire of love burned me with fire,
I'm happy that I saved love
That I had to capture it.

You have been given an invaluable gift.
Be careful with the fragile vase, potter,
The rough bazaar reaches out to her.
You had to own the crown of love.

I drank poisoned wine.
And only you are free to appreciate me,
I was building a fortress - the wall collapsed.
I had to get caught in my own network.

Magtymguly, by the will of the waves, swim,
Love has no shores, sufferer,
Don't call your friends for help anymore,
I had to die as a slave of love.

(translated by M. Tarlovsky)

My heart is longing for the distance - determination in abundance,
But I have no wings, and I don’t know how I’ll fly,
I can read all the books, all the scrolls,
But I don’t know how much knowledge I will gain.

The sage will not say: everything in the world is clear to me,
There is a lot we do not yet have the power to know.
The drink of knowledge is tart and wonderful...
I reach out with my hand... How I’ll wet my mouth, I don’t know.

I'm locked up, who can say what's outside.
I don’t know myself what is better and what is worse.
And every day my horizons become narrower.
I don’t know where I’ll get the right to leave.

I can’t tell - cold or fire?
The meaning is hidden in the heart, but behind seven locks.
Who will I guide on the path with my words?
Why am I dragging out my lot, I don’t know.

Magtymguly, the wind is susceptible to nonsense.
Leave all this mess to him!
In the abyss of secrets the boat of guesses cracks,
And why am I turning the steering wheel, I don’t know!

The Wanderer in Love

(translated by A. Tarkovsky)

The salt of the people's desires,
I fell in love with the pain of dreams.
Moon rose in the sky
I fell in love with the ocean.
Nightingale - both noise and quarrels
I fell in love in Gulistan;
The whirlwind of a heavy braid,
As if in a dope, I fell in love;
The steppe has bewitched me;
I fell in love with the path of wandering.

A cruel lot drove me
Through rivers and valleys,
flashed before me
Mountains of Mecca and Medina,
I wandered in the gardens of Eden
I saw ghostly krins,
And I was overwhelmed
They brought sadness to the country.
What should I do? A hundred sorrows
I fell in love with a hundred sufferings.

I am alone. In the desert sands
My gaze drowned. Oh, woe!
Why are you throwing arrows?
Your Farhad is wounded. Oh, woe!
You tormented my heart.
In the veins there is bile and poison. Oh, woe!
Hopes Blinded
They fly with the wind. Oh, woe!
So - sobbing - the coal is hot
I fell in love with spells.

What kind of sea is in front of me?
What are these wild cliffs?
Burning body
Fire wasps sting.
Who are you: Golitz? eagle?
Silver-voiced nightingale?
Seventy thousand each
Scythes destroy the pitiful prisoners.
Cinnabar silk on thin
I fell in love with the slender figure.

Come! Don't you see
Like a slave in love languishes,
How captivity beckons me
Are your black braids a prison?
Is it really a bad time?
Shouldn't I be dreaming about happiness?
Poverty has pierced my soul
the body is sharpened by the fireweed:
From your unkind hand
I fell in love with death in the lasso.

My darling rejected me:
Doesn't want to bail
Take a half-dead heart
The jailer has separation.
It's hard for me to wait
Wince at every sound
And wring hands during meetings...
Evil eyebrows cool bows
And evil eyelashes - hundreds
I fell in love with the arrows in the quiver.

So Magtymguly is in love
Became a prey to deception.
My country was torn apart
Horses of enemy sultans.
There were a hundred capitals in the state,
There were thousands of duhans...
I disappeared, killed by my dear,
Having become ash, sank into the ground,
Because it's too strong
I fell in love with the purpose of wandering.

(A. Tarkovsky)

Enough, heart! Open your circle:
I suffer in it, like a miserable prisoner in a pit.
Cruel, spare me from torment,
Don't let me, my heart, burst into tears.

My life flew by like a single moment.
I saw the goal, but did not achieve the goal;
I was lonely - embarrassed and drooping,
Deceived by you and dreams.

And like a blind man, bowing his head,
I supported my neighbor, I sing,
And I send moans to the zenith and shed tears,
A little white light will dawn over the steppes.

You are on the road waiting for me. After
You and I are having an eternal argument,
And it’s hard for me: I’m drunk with your wine,
I am lonely, you are more stubborn every day.

But maybe someone else is ready to understand
My misfortune and the power of these words;
My voice will ring among the hills.
The Lord is stern, and his sword is above us.

I didn’t take care of my mind or my eyes,
I couldn’t stop my desires,
And I cry in the networks of earthly roads,
And life flies like a bird beats its wings.

I'm running from oppression and burning in fire,
I rejoiced, serving your spring;
This world was a bad support for me,
I was left in the desert with the dead.

Closing my eyes, I made my way to Iran;
Drawn by fate, I ended up in Turan.
An eternal hurricane trumpets over the world,
Owner of crazy hearts.

I was surrounded and driven by great fear,
I considered insignificant dust to be gold,
I saw oppression, I saw sorrow in houses,
Empty things were my friends.

And I thirst and wait in vain for the rain,
And the moon burns as it rises:
The years fly by, leading days after days,
And I wander, haunted by dreams.

They give me blood and bile in exchange for drinking
and the burden of existence is heavy for me.
I fell in love - and I became Majnun,
Leili is entangled in beauty as if in chains.

You call, my heart, to Chin-Machin, to Herat,
To the underground hell where Sirat rises...
And the mole turns black and burns,
The eyes glow under round eyebrows.

It was in vain that I was sincere;
Youthful ardor extinguished by fate.
Still, I didn’t like evil -
The day of truth shines for me even at night.

But in the sea of justice is my raft
Doesn't move. Year after year flies;
Like a dervish, slave Magtymguly wanders
Toward a distant secret along narrow paths.

Makhtumkuli Makhmudov, Makhtumkuli poems
Magtymguly

Magtymguly(Persian مخدومقلی فراغی‎, Makhdumqoli Faraghi; Turkmen Magtymguly Pyragy - real name; "Frags"- pseudonym; 1727 or 1733 - around 1783) - Turkmen poet, classic of Turkmen literature. Son of the poet Azadi Dovletmamed.

1 Biography
2 Memory
- 2.1 Monuments
- 2.2 Toponymy
- 2.3 Institutions and organizations
- 2.4 Other
- 2.5 numismatics
3 Translations into Russian
4 Literature
5 Notes
6 Links

Biography

In adulthood, the poet chose the pseudonym Fragi (separated). At the end of each poem he placed this pseudonym, sometimes his real name, as if addressing himself. This was in the tradition of poetry of his time.

In 1753, Magtymguly studied for one year at the madrasah at the tomb of St. Idris Baba in Kizil-Ayak on the Amu Darya in the Bukhara Khanate.

In 1754, Magtymguly went to Bukhara, where he entered the famous Kokeltash madrasah, where he also studied for one year. There he became friends with a Turkmen from Syria named Nuri-Kazim ibn Bahar, a highly educated man who bore the spiritual title of Mawlana.

Together with Nuri-Kazym, Magtymguly went to travel through the territories of present-day Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, crossed Afghanistan and reached northern India.

Another blow was the death of two older brothers who were part of the embassy to the powerful ruler Ahmed Shah - they were captured. Longing for brothers is reflected in many poems.

Returning home, Magtymguly got married. He loved his two sons, Sarah and Ibrahim, very much; but the boys died when one was twelve and the other seven.

After 1760 and before his death, Magtymguly traveled to the Mangyshlak Peninsula, to Astrakhan, through the territory of present-day Azerbaijan and the countries of the Middle East.

Magtymguly significantly changed the Turkmen poetic language, bringing it closer to folk speech. He also abandoned the Arab-Persian metric, traditional for Turkmen literature, and replaced it with a syllabic system.

Memory

In Turkmenistan, the Day of Revival, Unity and Poetry of Magtymguly Fragi is celebrated annually on May 18, which is a day off.
In 1959, a USSR postage stamp dedicated to Magtymguly was issued.
In 1991, a commemorative USSR coin dedicated to Magtymguly was issued.

Monuments

Monuments to Magtymguly have been erected in different cities of the world. The largest number of sculptures are located in the cities of Turkmenistan and the countries of the former USSR (Kyiv, Astrakhan, Khiva), as well as in Iran and Turkey.

Toponymy

Makhtumkuli etrap is an etrap in the Balkan velayat of Turkmenistan.
Magtymguly is a gas and oil field zone in Turkmenistan.
The streets of Ashgabat, Astana, Karshi, Tashkent, Turkmenbashi, Urgench and a number of others are named after Magtymguly major cities Turkmenistan and other countries of the former USSR.

Institutions and organizations

The following are named after the Turkmen poet Magtymguly:

Turkmen State University.
Institute of Language and Literature named after Magtymguly (Turkmen: Magtymguly adyndaky Dil we Edebiýat Instituty).
National Music and Drama Theater named after. Magtymguly in Ashgabat.
Turkmen Opera and Ballet Theater named after Magtymguly in Ashgabat.
Youth organization named after Magtymguly.
Library named after Magtymguly in Kyiv.

Other

In 1974, in memory of Magtymguly, an orchestral composition by Veli Mukhadov was created - the symphony “In Memory of Magtymguly”.
Established in 1992 International Prize named after Magtymguly in the field of Turkmen language and literature.
In 2013, in honor of Magtymguly, a composition by Mamed Huseynov was written - a concert mono-opera “Monologues of Magtymguly Fragi”.
In honor of the great Turkmen poet, the month of May of the Turkmen calendar was renamed the month of Makhtymguly (Magtymguly aý).
In 2014, the Magtymguly Fragi Medal was established to reward for great achievements in the study, dissemination and propaganda creative heritage Magtymguly..

In numismatics

Magtymguly in numismatics

Commemorative coin 1 ruble USSR with the profile of Magtymguly (1991)

Turkmen manat

10 manat banknote of Turkmenistan with the image of Magtymguly (2009)

Translations into Russian

“Makhtumkuli. Favorites." Moscow. Publishing house " Fiction" 1983 414 p. Translations by Georgy Shengeli, Arseny Tarkovsky, Naum Grebnev, Yuli Neiman, Alexander Revich, Anatoly Starostin, Yu. Valich, T. Streshneva.
"Makhtumkuli". Publishing house " Soviet writer", B.P., Leningrad department. 1984 384 pp. Translations by G. Shengeli, A. Tarkovsky, N. Grebnev, Y. Neumann, A. Revich, A. Starostin, Y. Valich.
“I hear my friend’s voice. Pages of Turkmen poetry". Ashgabat. Publishing house "Turkmenistan". 1985 Translation by N. Grebnev.

Literature

Brief literary encyclopedia, M., 1972.
Preface by A. Zyrin and M. Ovezgeldyev to the publication of Magtymguly, Poems, Soviet writer, Leningrad branch, 1984
Nury Bayramov " Long road", Ashgabat, "Magaryf", 1986. The collection contains the story "The Long Road" (translation by Mikhail Grebnev) about Magtymguly.

Plan:

1 Biography
2 Memory
3 Translations into Russian

Introduction

Monument in Ashgabat

Monument to Magtymguly in Ashgabat

Magtymguly(pers. مخدومقلی فراغی ‎, Makhdumqoli Faraghi; Turkmenistan Magtymguly Pyragy, real name, Frags- pseudonym; 1727 or 1733 - around 1783) - Turkmen poet, classic of Turkmen literature. Son of the poet Azadi Dovletmamed.

1. Biography

Magtymguly was born in the village of Hadji-Govshan in the valley of the Atrek River with its tributaries Sumbar and Chendyr in northern Iran, in the foothills of the Kopet Dag, where the Goklen of various tribes lived. The Magtymguly family belonged to the Kyshyk tribe of the Gerkez clan, a branch of the Goklen tribe - a sedentary agricultural tribe that was vassal to the Persian rulers.

In 1753, Magtymguly studied for one year at the madrasah at the tomb of St. Idris Baba in Kizil-Ayak on the Amu Darya in the Bukhara Khanate.

In 1754, Magtymguly went to Bukhara, where he entered the famous Kokeltash madrasah, where he also studied for one year. There he became friends with a Turkoman from Syria named Nuri-Kazim ibn Bahar, a highly educated man who bore the spiritual title of Mawlana.

Together with Nuri-Kazym, Magtymguly went to travel through the territories of present-day Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, crossed Afghanistan and reached northern India.

Another blow was the death of two older brothers who were part of the embassy to the powerful ruler Ahmed Shah - they were captured. Longing for brothers is reflected in many poems.

Returning home, Magtymguly got married. He loved his two sons, Sarah and Ibrahim, very much; but the boys died when one was twelve and the other seven years old.

After 1760 and before his death, Magtymguly traveled to the Mangyshlak Peninsula, to Astrakhan, through the territory of present-day Azerbaijan and the countries of the Middle East.

2. Memory

Magtymguly in Turkmen manats

USSR postage stamp, 1959

Turkmenistan annually celebrates the Day of Revival, Unity and Poetry of Magtymguly.
In 1959, a USSR postage stamp dedicated to Magtymguly was issued.

3. Translations into Russian

Monument in Kyiv

Monument in Astrakhan

Magtymguly. Favorites. M. Hood. literature 1983. 414 p. Translations by G. Shengeli, Arseny Tarkovsky, Naum Grebnev, Y. Neiman, A. Revich, A. Starostin, Y. Valich, T. Streshneva.
Magtymguly. Soviet writer, B.P., Leningrad department. 1984. 384 p. Translations by G. Shengeli, Arseny Tarkovsky, Naum Grebnev, Y. Neiman, A. Revich, A. Starostin, Y. Valich.
I HEAR A FRIEND'S VOICE. Pages of Turkmen poetry. Translation by Naum Grebnev, Ashgabat, “Turkmenistan” 1985

Literature

Brief literary encyclopedia, M., 1972.
Preface by A. Zyrin and M. Ovezgeldyev to the publication of Magtymguly, Poems, Soviet writer, Leningrad branch, 1984
Nury Bayramov “The Long Road”, Ashgabat, “Magaryf”, 1986. The collection includes the story “The Long Road” (translation by Mikhail Grebnev) about Magtymguly.

Notes

MAVLANA, MAVLANA: Our master, our teacher. - dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/personal_names/7854/MAVLAN
The holiday in Turkmenistan is the Day of Revival, Unity and Poetry of Magtymguly - www.turkmenistan.ru/ru/articles/35976.html

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In Turkmen literary criticism there are different views concerning the creativity and biography of Magtymguly. This is due to those that have not reached us or have reached us in small quantities. historical information O creative path the poet, with the unpreserved part of him literary heritage. What, in particular, led to the formation different opinions O marital status, date of birth and death of the poet. Here are some views regarding the poet's date of birth.

In the first years of studying the poet’s biography, the years of his life were considered to be 1733-1782. These dates are associated with the book of the Hungarian scientist A. Vambery “Travels around Central Asia" A. Vambery wrote in his book: “He (Makhtumkuli - A.A.) from the Turkmen Goklen tribe, lived 80 years ago.” As you know, A. Vamberi came to Central Asia in 1863. In the same year, he received from Gyzyl Akhun some information about the poet, on the basis of which it was concluded that Magtymguly died in 1783, but by that time nothing was reported about his age. Based on information received by A. Vamberi from Gyzyl Akhun and folk legends, 1733 was accepted as the date of birth of Magtymguly. About this, one of the first researchers of Turkmen literature, Akhmet Akhundov-Gurgenli, wrote the following in 1939: “According to the 19th century European scientist Vamberi, Magtymguly died in 1783, however, according to more reliable data collected among the poet’s descendants, Magtymguly died in 1195 Hijras, i.e. in 1780 at the age of 49." A. Akhundov-Gurgenli in 1940, having published Magtymguly’s poems, repeated this information in the preface to them: “Makhtumkuli was born in 1731 and died in 1780.”

In 1941, Ruhi Aliyev and Akhundov-Gurgenli published the third edition of the poet’s poems. R. Aliyev, who wrote the preface to this publication, states: “Makhtumkuli Fragi was born in 1733 in Etrek, in the village of Ginjay near the famous hill called Akdepe,” unlike A. Akhundov-Gurgenli, bringing the poet’s birth date to 1733. R. Aliyev also gives an opinion about the date of the poet’s death that differs from A. Akhundov-Gurgenli. More precisely, he talks about it this way: “Makhtumkuli, having lived for about 50 years, died in 1782.”

Magtymguly researcher B.A. Garryev in the article “Turkmen literature is our pride”, saying that “Makhtumkuli was born in 1733 on the banks of the Etrek River and died there in 1782,” supports the opinion of R. Aliyev related to the date of birth of the poet , while simultaneously agreeing with Vambery regarding the year of his death. Thus, in works written in the 40s and subsequent years, especially in textbooks, these dates were recorded. However, over time, some of the researchers began to doubt their legitimacy. A closer acquaintance with the poet’s work, a deep study of various evidence collected among the people, gives rise to the hypothesis that Magtymguly may have been born earlier than 1733 and left this world later than 1782.

One of the first to express doubts about the previous dates of Magtymguly’s life was academician B.A. Garryev. In the article “On the biography of Magtymguly” he writes: “It is not known exactly when Magtymguly was born and when he died, because there are no historical documents left concerning this issue.”

Following this, the famous scientist R. Rejepov in the article “On the Way to Clarify the Date of Birth of Magtymguly” and Professor M. Kosayev in the book “Conversation about Literature”, having deeply examined this issue, put forward the idea that the poet was born earlier than 1733, for which there were solid bases. Let us give just one argument. Magtymguly in his poem “For the sake of Chovdur Khan” writes that Chovdur Khan went “to see Ahmet Shah.” And Ahmet Shah was in Mashhad in last time in 1769-1770, and died in 1772. If we proceed from the fact that Magtymguly was born in 1733, then in 1770, when fate turned away from Chovdur Khan, the poet should have been 36-37 years old. Magtymguly concludes his poem dedicated to the death of Chovdur Khan:

Magtymguly, has my peregrine falcon flown away?

My support, dear minion and brother,

There are no thoughts in the gray head,

She is shrouded in fog, Chowdor Khan!

If the poet created the poem in adulthood, when his head was covered with gray hair, then this speaks in favor of the fact that he was a man older than middle age, about 45 years old, which is confirmed by the words “There are no thoughts in a gray head.” This fact, as well as other arguments, give reason to conclude that the poet was probably born in 1724.

Magtymguly talks about his age in a number of his poems. The poet’s poem “So It Will Be” (“Ussada belli”) says that he lived to be 80 years old:

You were fifty, fornicating, shedding a lot of blood.

What have you achieved at ten eighth?

Information about the poet’s life after the age of 80 is not found in the poems.

The poet's poetic competition with his contemporary, the Zunuba poet, ends with the following lines:

Messenger of God - the Sun, now let's count,

One thousand two hundred and eleven years have passed since its setting,

Death bridge, let's get to the Motherland,

This is Zunuba speaking, this is our answer.

As can be seen from these lines, to Magtymguly’s question: “How many years have passed since the death of the Prophet Muhammad?”, Zunuba replies: “1211 years have passed since the death of the Prophet Muhammad.” And the prophet Muhammad died in the year 632 of the Christian calendar. If we add 1211 years to the year 632, then this coincides with the year 1806 of the Christian calendar. This fact indicates that Magtymguly was alive in 1806.

But you should pay attention to another issue. Poetry competitions appear in two cases. Firstly: some poet, in order to test the level of knowledge of another poet, sends him his poem containing various questions. The poet who receives the poem writes his answers to the questions. An example of this is Magtymguly’s poems “What age”, “What fire”, intended by Durdy to Shahir, and “Who makes the difference”, sent by Orazmengli to Shahir. Secondly, some poet writes a poem consisting of various issues general, without referring to a specific poet. As an example, we can cite Magtymguly’s poems “Won”, “From shameful world”, “Walked from height to height”, “Three saints”, “Gave alms to forgive sin” and “Saw a talisman”. In this case, any poet can write his answer. Even answers to questions in a poem can be written by poets who lived after the poet. In general, comparing various information, it can be assumed that Magtymguly died around 1807.

Thus, based on new research, we can conclude that the dates of Magtymguly Fragi’s life are 1724-1807.

Annagurban ASHIROV,

National Institute of Manuscripts of the Academy of Sciences of Turkmenistan