VYATSK PROVINCE (until 1796 Vyatka Governorate), an administrative-territorial unit in the east of the European part of the Russian Empire and the RSFSR. Formed 11(22).9.1780 from the Vyatka province and parts of the Sviyazhsk and Kazan provinces Kazan province. Center - Vyatka. Counties: Vyatsky, Glazovsky, Elabuga, Kaigorodsky, Kotelnichesky, Malmyzhsky, Nolinsky, Orlovsky, Sarapulsky, Slobodskoy, Urzhumsky, Tsarevosanchursky, Yaransky. In 1796, the counties of Kaigorodsky, Malmyzhsky (restored in 1816), and Tsarevosanchursky were abolished. Area 154 thousand km 2, population 3 million people (1897). The main occupation of the population of the Vyatka province was agriculture (rye, oats, and barley were grown). Since the mid-18th century, the mining, metallurgical, and metalworking industries developed in the Vyatka province (the largest enterprises are the state-owned Izhevsk and Botkinsky, private Omutninsky and Kholunitsky iron foundries). Great place in the economy of the Vyatka province also occupied forestry and timber processing.
The development of the Vyatka province was facilitated by the establishment of regular steamship services on the Kama (1846) and Vyatka (1861) rivers. Crafts were developed: furriery, tanning, and the production of clay products (at the end of the 19th century - over 160 thousand artisans). Main shopping centers- Vyatka, Sarapul, Yaransk. There were over 630 fairs and markets (the largest fair was Alekseevskaya in the city of Kotelnich, at the beginning of the 20th century its turnover was over 2 million rubles). At the end of the 19th - beginning of the 20th century, the Perm (1899) and Northern (1906) lines were built in the Vyatka province railways. In 1905, the Vyatka province was engulfed in mass worker and peasant uprisings (military squads were created at the Izhevsk and Votkinsk factories and in the Vyatka railway workshops). In 1914, there were 995 enterprises in the Vyatka province (over 38.5 thousand workers, by 1917 - 75 thousand). During the years of the 1st World War, the volume industrial production in the Vyatka province doubled. Spare units were stationed in the province (by 1917, about 70 thousand soldiers and officers). Installed in January 1918 Soviet power. The Izhevsk-Votkinsk uprising of 1918 took place on the territory of the Vyatka province; in March-June 1919, fighting took place between units of Kolchak’s armies and the Red Army troops.
In 1920, part of the districts of the Vyatka province went to the newly formed Mari Autonomous Region (now the Republic of Mari El), Votskaya left the Vyatka province autonomous region. 14.1.1929 Vyatka province included in the Nizhny Novgorod region.
Lit.: Review of the Vyatka province for... a year. Vyatka, 1871-1917; Centenary of the Vyatka province. 1780-1880: In 2 volumes. Vyatka, 1880-1881; Essays on the history of the Kirov region. Kirov, 1972.
Vyatka province - a territorial entity in the former Russian Empire with a center in the city of this region was not always part of one territorial entity, but they have always been interconnected economically.
Formation of the territory of the province
To administrative reform Peter the Great of 1708-1710 in Russia there was practically no division of territory into regions. Great king in 1708 he divided the state into 7 provinces. Let us note that the question of creating the Vyatka province did not arise at that time, therefore the lands adjacent to the Vyatka River were included in the following formations:
Siberian province (6 districts);
Kazan (5 districts);
Arkhangelogorodskaya (2 volosts).
In 1719, each of these provinces was divided into provinces. The Vyatka province at that time was part of the Siberian province, but in 1727 it was transferred to the Kazan province. Such a transformation was very beneficial from an economic point of view, since the Kazan province initially included many lands on which the river flows. As is known, at that time river transport was central to maintaining economic ties and trade development.
Administrative changes also took place in the empire in the second half of the 18th century. For example, in 1780 the Vyatka governorate was created. The territory included the lands of the province of Vyatka and some southern districts of the Kazan province.
Legal registration of the creation of the province
In 1796, the governorship was reformatted into a province. With this action, tsarism actually recognized the fact that the Vyatka province should have existed initially and within economically justified boundaries. Administratively, the territory was divided into 13 counties:
Vyatsky;
Orlovsky;
Glazovsky;
Sarapulsky;
Elabuga;
Slobodskaya;
Kaygorodsky;
Urzhumsky;
Kotelnichsky;
Tsarevosanchursky;
Malmyzhsky;
Yaransky;
Nolinsky.
Center of the province
Vyatka (city) was founded by immigrants from the Novgorod lands between 1181 and 1374. IN historical chronicles under 1181 the settlement of Kotelnich is mentioned, but nothing is said about Vyatka yet. But it was precisely in 1374 that the city was mentioned in connection with the campaign of the Novgorodians against the capital of the Volga Bulgars.
Vyatka is a city that changed its name several times. It is known that immediately after its foundation it was called Khlynov, although official confirmation of this fact in the form archival documents not preserved. In 1374, according to the Tale of the Land of Vyatka, the center of this region was called Vyatka. Since 1457, the name Khlynov returns again. In connection with the administrative reform of 1780, Tsarina Catherine issued a decree returning the name Vyatka to the city, which remained until the end of 1934. As you know, the communist leader Kirov was killed this year. The Soviet leadership decided to honor the memory of the communist by renaming Vyatka to Kirov. On at the moment the question of returning to the city is raised historical name, but this idea does not have serious support.
Ethnic composition
The 1897 census of the Vyatka province made it possible to form a real idea of the ethnic structure of the region in general and each county specifically. So, the total amounted to 3,030,831. Of this number, 77.4% were Russians, 12.5% were Udmurts, 4.1% were Tatars, and 4.8% were Mari. If we look at it by county, we will see a slightly different picture. For example, in the Vyatka district Russian population was 99.5%. The same picture could be observed in Kotelnichsky, Nolinsky, and Oryol districts. 54% of Russians, 42% of Udmurts, 2% of Tatars and Komi-Permyaks lived in Glazov district. The most multinational is Yelabuga district. Here, at the time of the census, the population structure was as follows: 53.3% - Russians, 21.9% - Udmurts, 3.1% - Maris, 16.3% - Tatars, 3.7% - Bashkirs, 1.7% - Teptyars . In the Malmyzh district, representatives of Russian nationality were about 54%, Udmurts - 24%, Mari - 4%, Tatars - 17%. As we can see, the Vyatka province is multinational, because at least 3 nationalities lived in each district. In 1897 there were only a few mono-ethnic districts.
Villages of Vyatka province
For several administrative parts The territory of each province was divided. The Vyatka province was no exception. Counties, speaking modern language, these are areas that include village councils (in tsarist times - volosts). The names of villages and smaller hamlets often played a cruel joke on residents, because passersby could take some ugly name seriously, thinking that it really characterized the inhabitants of the locality.
Let's consider this situation using the example of the names of villages in Nolinsky district. In 1926, a population census was carried out, which recorded the existence of the following villages:
Clueless (negative characteristic intellectual abilities peasants);
Blockheads (an even more negative expression);
God-eaters (people who eat God);
Sores;
Kobelevschina and Kobeli ( we're talking about already about some sexual characteristics);
Culture and Labor, Labor Economy (purely Soviet names);
Non-cowards (depending on how the meaning of the word is understood, a positive or negative connotation is given);
Pozorikha (shameful place).
Vyatka province: from history to modernity
Today we live in modern country, which is developing and looks confidently into the future. There are a lot of people working in the Kirov region industrial enterprises. In the early 2000s, the results showed that national structure population remained virtually unchanged. This region is notable for the fact that Mari, Udmurts, Russians, Tatars and descendants of Permians live here mixed together. between representatives of different nationalities has never been observed.
During the administrative reform of Peter the Great in 1708-1710, when the territory of the future Russian Empire was first divided into provinces (a total of eight large provinces) and districts, the Vyatka land was divided between three provinces - Siberian, Kazan, Arkhangelsk. With this division, most of the Vyatka lands became part of the Siberian province (Khlynovsky, Slobodskoy, Kotelnichsky districts, etc.). Southern territories(Yaransky, Urzhumsky, Tsarevosanchursky, Malmyzhsky districts) became part of the Kazan province, and the northern self-governing Lalskaya and Luzskaya volosts were transferred to the Arkhangelogorod province. In 1719, with the introduction of a new administrative-territorial unit - the province (lasted until 1775) - three provinces were formed in the Siberian province: Vyatka, Solikamsk, Tobolsk. In turn, the provinces were divided into districts - thus, the Vyatka province was divided into seven districts - Khlynovsky, Slobodskaya, Kotelnichsky, etc. The southern Vyatka lands, located in the Kazan province, made up the Kazan province. In 1727, the Vyatka province (with the exception of the Kungur district, which was previously transferred to the Solikamsk province) became part of the Kazan province. Under Catherine the Second in 1780, from the above-mentioned lands of the Vyatka province, three Vyatka districts of the former Kazan province (parts of the Kazan, Kozmodemyansky, Tsarevokokshay districts) and parts of the Orenburg and Ufa districts of the Orenburg province, the Vyatka governorship was formed from thirteen districts with the center in the city of Vyatka (before 1780 Khlynov).
In the Vyatka province in whole or in part
there are the following cards and sources:
(except for those indicated on the main page of the general
all-Russian atlases, where this province may also be)
1 layout of land surveying (1778-1797)
The survey map is a non-topographical (without indicating latitudes and longitudes), hand-drawn map of the late 18th century (after the redistribution of borders in 1775-78). In the Vyatka province there is only 1 inch = 1 verst 1 cm = 420 m. Some of the maps date back to the period of Catherine II 1775-96, Paul I, having come to power, changed the boundaries of counties within the provinces (which, in turn, Alexander I returned to its original place, but with some changes), while some of the maps from the General Land Survey fund survived only during this period.
The maps are color, very detailed, broken down by county. The purpose of the map is to show boundaries land plots with location reference.
Lists of settlements in 1876
This is a reference book that contains the following information on settlements: - is a village, town or village, proprietary or state-owned (state)
- near the well or what river it is located
- number of households, men and women separately
- distance in miles from the district town and camp apartment (camp center)
- notes containing the presence of churches, chapels, mills, fairs
This material is not presented separately in counties on this website.
economic notes to the General Survey
enlarge a sample of economic notes of the Vyatka province >>>
Under Paul the First in 1796, the Vyatka governorate was transformed into a province of the same name with the simultaneous consolidation of some counties due to the abolition of others (Kaygorodsky and Tsarevosanchursky districts were abolished, at the expense of whose lands Glazovsky, Slobodskaya and Yaransky districts were enlarged, respectively, at the expense of the liquidated Malmyzhsky district The territory of Urzhum and Elabuga counties increased), ten counties in total. Latest changes borders of the province and its districts took place during the reign of Alexander the First (in early XIX V. and in 1816), when the province consisted of eleven districts (the eleventh, restored - Malmyzh), and throughout the subsequent pre-revolutionary period of the history of the Vyatka province they did not change.
Vyatka province bordered on the following provinces:
Vologda province, Perm province, Kazan province, Nizhny Novgorod province, Kostroma province.
If there is an error or suggestion, how can this be supplemented?
page, please let us know about it - we will try to do it
2019
01/01/2019. In the "Site History" section, all information on the operation of the site has been added. last year. The sections “About the site”, “About the author of the site”, “Looking for you” have been edited.
In the “Vyatka: Heritage” group (3708 readers), the “Discussion” section has been updated. Some topics have been edited, some have been deleted.
03.01.2019. In the “Vyatka Chronicles” section, the topics “1901, 1902, 1903, 1904, 1914 in the history of the Vyatka Diocese” (based on materials from the “Vyatka Diocesan Gazette”), duplicated from the “Chronicles of the Vyatka Diocese” section, have been added.
The "Live" section has been revived historical magazine", this time for 2019. It will publish monthly materials and photos published in the group "Vyatka: Heritage"
01/05/2019. In the section "Urzhum district" there is an index on the fund of the church of the village of Yuledur in the archives of the Central State Archive of the Russian Museum (marriage searches, confessional paintings etc.).
The section “The City of Vyatka and Its Abodes” contains material on the history of the Vyatka Theological Seminary
06.01.2019. Added to the site new material"The clergy of the Urzhum district for 1915 (according to the Vyatka Diocesan Gazette).
A new section “Exiles and prisoners of war in the Kirov region in the 1930-1950s” has been created, which will contain materials about exiled residents of the Baltic states and prisoners of war who were in the territory of the Kirov region.
01/10/2019. A publication on the history of the Klabukov merchant family has been included in the section “The City of Vyatka and Its Inhabitants”, and an album on the Klabukov merchants has been created in the section “Site Photo Gallery: Vyatka Province”.
Material about exiled Estonians in Lebyazhye (memories) has been added to the section “Exiles and prisoners of war in the Kirov region”.
01/12/2019. A new material has been added to the site: “The clergy of the Urzhum district in 1907 (according to the Vyatka Diocesan Gazette”).
In the section “Stepanovsky rebellion of 1918” the topic “Stepanovsky rebellion: how it happened (chapter from the book “Stepanovsky rebellion in documents and memoirs”)” has been added.
01/15/2019. New publications have been added to the sections " Famous people Vyatka land" and "We are Vyatchans. Stories about the people of Vyatka".
A new section “Merchant families of the Vyatka province” has been created. Here we will collect material about all Vyatka merchants and traders.
01/19/2019. Information on the villages of Bageevskaya, Bolshaya Dubrova, Malye Uni, and Yurlovskaya has been added to the section “Census of 1897 Uninskaya volost”.
01/30/2019. Some changes to the site. Our phone number has changed, you can write to WhatsApp. There is an opportunity to work on genealogies in the territory of Udmurtia and Tatarstan, the former Glazov, Sarapul and Yelabuga districts.
The first sections of the site were slightly supplemented, the section was updated"Site services: compilation of pedigrees."
02/03/2019. Publications about the merchants Berdinsky and Shamov (Urzhum), Klabukov and Stolbov (Vyatka) have been added to the section “Merchant families of the Vyatka province”.
02/07/2019. The section "Living History Magazine. 2019" includes materials from our VKontakte group "Vyatka: Heritage" for January.
09.02.2019. In the “Stepanovsky rebellion” section, the section on participants in the rebellion has been edited.
To the section " Soviet myths in the history of the Vyatka region" added a topic about a fictitious famine in tsarist time.
The "Announcements" section has been recreated.
02/10/2019. The group “Vyatka: Heritage” has created two new albums, “Vyatka Words and Expressions” and “Memories of the Past” (photo album by Leonid Sorokozherdiev). Later they will be duplicated on the website.
13.02.2019. 15.02.2019. The section "Living History Magazine. 2015, 2017, 2018" contains materials from our group in contact "Vyatka: Heritage" for December 2018. The date "2018" has been added to the title of the section, but it will be limited only to materials from December.
15.02.2019. The section "Living History Magazine. 2019" includes materials from our VKontakte group "Vyatka: Heritage" for the first half of February.
02/17/2019. Additions to topics. In the "Genealogy" section: reference materials"a topic was added about the census of members of the CPSU (b) party in 1922, in the section "Foreign citizens of the Vyatka province" - about the White Czechs in Elabuga in 1918.
02/22/2019. There are 4,000 readers in the “Vyatka: Heritage” group. For comparison, exactly a year ago there were 2500 of us. We will continue to do so for the benefit of our dear readers, making the group even more interesting. The section dedicated to the group has been updated on the website.
02/23/2019. Our material “White” Yelabuga has been published on the website “Native Vyatka”. September 1918". The group "Vyatka: Heritage" published the material "From spiritual kind Popov."
02/24/2019. In terms of working with pedigrees, we are canceling the changes made on January 30 and returning to the old form of work. Update of the section "Site services: compilation of pedigrees". The section itself has been renamed - “Site services: work in archives”.
02/25/2019. The “Peasant Organizations” section has been abolished. A new section “Peasant families of Yelabuga district” has been created, the first data has been added. The same topic was created in the "Elabuga County" section.
02/28/2019. The section "Living History Magazine. 2019" contains materials from the group "Vyatka: Heritage" for the second half of February.
02/03/2019. A new section has been created: "Census of 1897. Vyatsko-Polyanskaya volost"
03/05/2019. The site has completed work on the Uninskaya volost based on the materials of the All-Russian Census of 1897, there is data on householders throughout the Uninskaya volost for 1897 (58 villages).
03/10/2019. A list of householders in the village of Kulygi has been added to the section “Census of 1897. Vyatsko-Polyanskaya volost”.
In the section "Census of 1897. Ukhymskaya volost" information on the villages of Lepeshkinskaya, Khodyrevskaya, Shelemetevskaya, Zaimishche Georgiy Anisimov, Above the Ploskaya Musikhi River, etc. has been added.
03/11/2019. The section on the "Quick Pedigree" project has been abolished. We remind you that the scope of our work on genealogies includes Udmurtia and Tatarstan from this year.
Topics on those getting married in 1913 and officials of the city of Yelabuga have been added to the section "Elabuga County". A topic on the city of Yelabuga has been added to the section “Philistine clans of the Vyatka province”. Data on peasants in the villages of Tarlovka and Trekhsvyatskaya has been added to the section “Peasant families of Yelabuga district”.
03/13/2019. In the section “Slobodskaya district” there is a topic about the residents of the parish of the village of Vakhrushi.
In the section "Peasant families of Urzhum district" material on the Dudorov family from the village of Mikheevo has been added
In the “Elabuga County” section, topics on those getting married in 1913 and officials of the city of Elabuga have been added. In the section “Philistine clans of the Vyatka province” the names of the petty bourgeois in the city of Yelabuga have been added. Data on peasants in the villages of Kolosovka, Podmonastyrka, and Studeny Klyuch has been added to the section “Peasant families of Yelabuga district”.
Information on the villages of Bolshebagaevskaya, Malofrandinskaya, Shurayevskaya has been added to the section “Census of 1897. Ukhymskaya volost”, and additional information has been added on the village of Kasatkinskaya.
03/18/2019. Sections about foreign citizens Vyatka province - “Foreigners in the Vyatka province (tsarist times), “Exiles and prisoners in the Kirov region (WWII)”. The first section has been supplemented with a topic about prisoners who died in Urzhum, and a new one has been created - about captured Poles of the Soviet-Polish war .
03/20/2019. The section "Living History Magazine. 2019" contains materials from the group "Vyatka: Heritage" for March 1-15.
Information on three more villages has been added to the section “Census of 1897. Ukhymskaya volost”. In total, lists of householders from 51 villages in the volost have already been compiled.
03/23/2019. In the section "Genealogy: reference materials" the topic on the All-Russian Census of Members of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of 1922 (lists of members) has been supplemented.
In the “Vyatka District” section, a topic on residents of the village of Ryabovo has been added. In the section "Urzhum District" new materials have been added: "Urzhum Convoy Team. 1918" and "Agricultural Census of 1917. Lists of Residents."
In the section "Elabuga County" the topics "Elabuga Charity House for the Poor" and " 230 spare infantry regiment(Elabuga)".
The section “Books on the history of Orthodoxy” has been renamed to “Publications on the history of the Vyatka region” with an expansion of the topic.
03/27/2019. In the sections "Mari Genealogy" and " "Genealogy: reference materials" added topics: "Profiles for joining the Komsomol" and "Collective farms (archival files)"
