Connector rj45 8p8c. Types of twisted pair

The 8P8C modular connector, nicknamed “RJ45,” when used on an Ethrnet network, is crimped according to the TIA/EIA-568 standard.

Two pinout options have been developed - “A” and “B”. In Russia, there has been a tradition of connecting plugs and sockets exclusively according to the “B” pinout.

In everyday life, we encounter low-speed networks - up to 100 Mbit/s. For such speeds, four cores are enough. ▼

For reasons of economy, low-speed networks usually use a 4-core cable.
This cable has only two pairs - orange and blue. Please note - a couple not green, but it switches to those pins that are assigned to the green pair in the classic pinout. ▼

8P8C sockets

The numbering of contacts on socket blocks is not regulated by the standard. Each manufacturer places the contacts on the blocks in a random order.

But it should be noted that the correspondence “pin number - wire color” is of course standard: 1 - white-orange, 2 - orange, etc. But where on the block contact No. 1 is located, and where No. 2 is located - depends on the specific model. If the cheat sheet comes off and is lost, all that remains is to look for an outlet of the same model to find out how to unplug it.

Most often I had to deal with the following pin arrangement on the patch block. ▼

"A" and "B"

Quite natural question: Why are there two pinout options - A and B?
Answer: Previously, cables were used that were crimped at one end along “A” and at the other end at “B”. These are so-called crossover cables. Such cables were required to connect two hierarchically equivalent network elements, for example, two switches or two PCs. In turn, the connection of a slave element with a superior one (for example, a PC with a server) was and is carried out with a cable crimped equally on both sides - A-A or B-B.
IN modern practice There is no need for crossover cables. All network elements are connected by patch cords, crimped B-B.

Types of twisted pair

The letter code before the slash indicates the type of overall shielding for the entire cable, the code after the slash indicates the type of individual shielding for each twisted pair:
U- U nshielded, no screen

F- F oil, foil

S- B raided screening, braided wire (outer screen only)

TP- T wisted P air, twisted pair

TQ - individual screen for two twisted pairs (4 wires) ▼

Twisted pair is manufactured in two modifications:
- with a single-core (solid) conductor
- with stranded conductor

In cases where the cable is subject to vibration or frequent touch (for example, a patch cord), it is necessary to use stranded wire. It is more durable and is not subject to quick breaking of wires.

There are cables not with solid copper, but with copper-plated cores - you can’t take this one.

If the cable is long and high noise immunity is required, S/FTP is used with a screen on each pair and a common shield covering it all from the outside. In this case, it is better to take metal connectors, or RJ-45 FTP in a metal shell.

Connector selection

The connectors must match the wire type! ▼

The correct choice of connector for a particular type of wire is extremely important. A suitable connector will provide maximum amount points of reliable contact and will not damage the conductor. ▼

Platinum Tools® EZ-RJ45® Through Connectors make crimping twisted pair cables much easier. The twisted-pair cores do not rest against the end of such a connector, but go out, so there is no need to measure the cable strip and trim the cores before crimping. After crimping, the excess is simply cut off. Available on AliExpress at a price of 800 rubles per hundred (2017). ▼

An interesting new product is Field-Mountable reusable connectors produced by BTR and R&M. Not required special tool. I haven’t found it on sale for Russia yet. I think the price for such connectors will be outrageous.

Twisted Pair Splicing

Troubleshooting a broken twisted pair cable in accordance with technical requirements carried out either by completely replacing the cable, or by crimping the ends and connecting them through the so-called. “barrel” - a feed-through connector with two sockets on both sides. ▼

But in everyday practice The cable is often connected simply by twisting. If you have already taken upon yourself such a sin, then be so kind as to leave a gap of 2 cm between the twists to avoid short circuits between the cores. And try to preserve the veins as much as possible (as in the picture). ▼

Sockets

Sometimes sockets are equipped with special plugs for the blocks. After the wires are laid out among the cells of the block, this plug is used to forcefully close the block, thereby pushing the wires between the contacts and securely fixing them. If the socket is not equipped with such a plug, a special tool is used to plug in the wires. At home, in the absence of a hammer, bad people use a slotted screwdriver.

Friends! Don’t bully the “collective farm”! If you don’t have a normal hammer, buy a socket with screw terminals. ▼

When installing in not very comfortable conditions (industrial, warehouse, dirty premises), it is recommended to use double sockets. And even with closing nests. One socket is switched off immediately, while the second remains as a reserve. This will allow you to quickly switch to a spare socket in an emergency.

How to crimp a twisted pair RJ-45 - 8P8C (rg45, rg 45 ko45) for a network - hub - router or patch cord pinout:
Installation is carried out with a special crimp that presses the pointed metal reverse side connector contacts into the wire, resulting in a tight contact. Crimping Rg45 is within the capabilities of anyone. IN as a last resort several connectors can be crimped with a screwdriver, with some skill, we will write about this at the very end of this instruction manual, since there are more simple options.
Crimping, pinout of RJ-45 by color - color scheme:
B O O B Z S B S Z B K K
White-Orange * Orange * White-Green * Blue * White-Blue * Green * White-Brown * Brown

According to the EIA/TIA-568B standard, computer, TV, receiver - hub, router, rack. We crimp the cable equally at both ends as shown in the photo below. One end is a computer network card connector, the other is a hub-router socket. The pinout diagram for the patch cord wiring (short wire for connecting the rack) is similar.

When using the installation of a computer-network socket, select option “B” for the sockets.

Connecting two network cards (computers) directly (without a hub) computer-to-computer, crossover rj45:

Crossover cable (crossover Crossover) for connecting two network cards (computers) directly (without a hub) computer-to-computer with speeds up to 100 megabits: The white-orange core changes to white-green, orange to green.
B Z Z B O S B S O B K K

We crimp the wire on one side as shown in the first photo, and on the other side of the wire as shown below. As a result, we will crimp a cable that can connect computers directly, without a hub router, i.e. network card in network card computers.

Those. computer-to-computer network without a hub router on one side of the wire is the standard twisted pair crimp above and on the other end of the wire we swap the wires in the following sequence: BZ - Z - BO -S - BS - OR - BK - K.

One twisted pair - one wire-cable for two computers:

Crimping diagram for twisted pair 4 wires. Typically used when it is difficult to pull a second cable. This scheme crimping - cross-cable wiring - suitable for a 100 Mbit connection, since when using a 100 Mbit connection only 2 of 4 pairs are used, namely orange-b/orange and green-b/green.

If it is impossible to lay an additional twisted pair cable or simply to save money, they often use unused ones - blue and brown pairs. In this case, as already mentioned, you can get by with one cable for two computers.

Cable crimping for gigabit network

When using a gigabit connection, all 4 pairs of conductors are already used. In this case, the cable crimping at one end is done as in the first photo, and at the second it takes the form: BZ Z BO K BK O BS S

After any crimping, it is advisable to ring the contact with a tester (a special device that sequentially checks all wire lines), and in its absence, if clearly necessary, with a multimeter.

Crimping RJ 45 with a screwdriver or what to do when you don’t have a crimp at hand?

Now let's go back to hopeless situation, when crimps are not available. What needs to be done is to restore the network here and now. That is, compress rg45 with a screwdriver in case of typos (rg45? Ko-45, k45, k45). So, we take a supply of connectors, and, as always, a twisted pair pair with a reserve of length. Then carefully use small pliers and/or side cutters and/or just sharp knife Without allowing any strong flattening, we cut off the wire evenly. Then, with a reserve, we sand the top braid of the twisted pair. Then we unravel and smooth it into a row according to the diagram given above for the colors of the wiring. If you have sanded the wire too much or the ends of the cut are flattened, simply, for example, trim them evenly on a wooden board with a sharp knife. Then insert it as shown in the picture.

So that the metal core would be clearly visible and rest against the very end of the connector and be visible from the side - if you look at the picture, then from the top side. Then, using a small, sharp enough screwdriver, we carefully press in the metal contacts of the connector so that from the side - in the figure above we clearly saw that each connector has pierced the wire braid, the only point is, of course, not to overdo it, since a strongly deformed contact pad in the connector is also not good.

Next, using a wide screwdriver, press firmly on the transverse plastic (the hole across the contacts on the connector) so that it bends transversely to the wires and strongly pinches them. If the wire is temporary or does not move often, then this plastic does not need to be pressed. It simply additionally secures the wiring in the connector. Next, we will test if possible..

Of course, crimping with a screwdriver is not good in every sense, both in terms of efficiency and time, and even more so in terms of the quality of the result. Although in general this is a completely workable option (tested personally more than once) and a fairly simple option to implement. But it’s even easier to just ask a friend who works in the computer industry to crimp 4-6 short ends of a twisted pair and then simply bring them home and solder them according to the colors - extend the twisted pair.

Of course, not every twisted pair is soldered more or less normally. But acetylene acid and/or normal soldering acid and/or normal rosin make the impossible possible. Solder accordingly has virtually no effect on speed and stability under normal standard operating conditions.

Standard for connecting conductors of a twisted pair cable:

Modern crimpers are a fairly universal device, in particular, the instructions for the crimping tool shown in the photo above say: For cuts, strips and crimps 8P8C/RJ-45, 6P6C/RJ-12, 6P4C/RJ-11 in one tool. In general, 3 in 1 - trimming, unlacing and pressing - crimping.

TIA/EIA-568-B (AT&T 258A) is a set of three telecommunications standards released by the Telecommunications Industry Association in 2001, which replaced the outdated TIA/EIA-568-A standard. These standards describe the construction of telecommunications structured cabling systems in buildings.

These standards are best known by the two tables T568A and T568B (most commonly used in Russia -B), which describe the connection of twisted pair cable conductors to the pins of 8P8C connectors (often erroneously called RJ-45) when organizing an Ethernet network.

Pin / Ethernet / TIA/EIA-568-B (AT&T 258A)
1) / Transmit + / White with Orange stripe
2) / Transmit + / Orange
3) / Receive + / White with Green stripe
4)
5)
6) / Receive - / Green
7)
8)

8P8C (8 Position 8 Contact), often due to the prevalence of the above wiring, called RJ45 or RJ-45 - a unified connector used in telecommunications, has 8 contacts and a latch.

RJ - registered jack- any connector used for connections, RJ is slang for a modular socket. The abbreviation RJ is used to identify cabling. Each connector type can be used for different wiring configurations. For example, 6-pin connectors are configured, as necessary, for both single-pair RJ11C and double-pair RJ14C wiring.

Used to create a LAN using 10BASE-T, 100BASE-T and 1000BASE-TX technologies using 4-pair twisted pair cables. It is used in many other areas and to build other networks.

The telephone unified RJ-11 connector is smaller in size and can be inserted into 8P8C jacks (for backwards compatibility).

Cable types:

Depending on the presence of protection - an electrically grounded copper braid or aluminum foil around twisted pairs, the types of this technology are determined:
* Unprotected twisted pair ( UTP- Unshielded twisted pair) - absent protective screen around an individual pair most often this is UTP category 5 and higher;
* Foil twisted pair ( FTP- Foiled twisted pair) - also known as F/UTP (see: en:Screened fully-shielded twisted pair#Screened Shielded Twisted Pair (S/STP)), there is one common external screen in the form of foil;
* Protected twisted pair ( STP- Shielded twisted pair) - there is protection in the form of a screen for each pair and a common external screen in the form of a mesh;
* Foilshielded twisted pair ( S/FTP- Screened Foiled twisted pair) - an external screen made of copper braid and each pair in a foil braid;
* Unprotected shielded twisted pair ( SF/UTP- Screened Foiled Unshielded twisted pair) - a double external screen made of copper braid and foil, each twisted pair without protection.

Shielding provides better protection from electromagnetic interference, both external and internal, etc. The screen along its entire length is connected to a non-insulated drain wire, which unites the screen in case of division into sections due to excessive bending or stretching of the cable.

Depending on the structure of the conductors, the cable is used single-core or multi-core. In the first case, each wire consists of one copper core, and in the second - of several.

A single-core cable does not require direct contact with connected peripherals. That is, as a rule, it is used for installation in boxes, walls, etc., followed by termination with sockets. This is due to the fact that copper strands are quite thick and with frequent bending they quickly break. However, for “cutting into” the connectors of socket panels, such conductors are ideally suited.

In turn, a multi-core cable does not tolerate “cutting” into the connectors of socket panels (thin wires are cut), but behaves well when bent and twisted. In addition, stranded wire has high signal attenuation. Therefore, multi-core cable is used mainly for the manufacture of patchcords connecting peripherals to sockets.

Using http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twisted_pair

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Hyperline Modular Connectors - Product Guaranteed High Quality. The Hyperline company develops and produces connectors of various types: RJ-11 and RJ-12 - for telephony and data transmission systems, RJ-45 and RJ-50 - for computer networks, BNC and PAL – for connection coaxial cable, Telco – for switching automated telephone exchanges, as well as protective insulating caps, connecting and adapters.

Hyperline connectors allow the mechanical connection of conductors of both the same and different types. Depending on the purpose, connectors can have from one to several tens or hundreds of contacts. The design of the connectors is quite simple - a housing, a group of contacts and a cable entry. The connectors produced are designed for use in a wide temperature range, are made of high quality materials and, like all other products, trademark Hyperline undergo appropriate testing at the company’s factories. The contact group of connectors is made of metals with good conductivity. In addition, to improve conductivity, the contacts are coated thin layer gold or other precious metals.

To eliminate the possibility of erroneous connection, the connectors are equipped with “keys”. In connection with connectors, a key means the presence of various protrusions or recesses that allow the only correct connection of the pin and socket.
The design and electromechanical parameters of the connectors meet the requirements of the relevant IEC standards.

Modular connectors (plugs) RJ series

Installs on 22-26 AWG cable using a crimping tool. The abbreviation RJ stands for "Registered Jack" or "Standard Jack" and refers to configurations that carry common name"Universal Service Ordering Codes" and describing the USOC family of telecommunications interface wiring diagrams. Hyperline's RJ series connector housings are made of clear polycarbonate and meet the requirements fire safety UL 94-V0 (2). RJ series connectors are available with blade contacts of various configurations and with a number of contacts from 4 to 10. To improve physical characteristics An alloy of phosphorus and bronze, gold plating of varying thickness is applied to the contacts of the plugs. The amount of gold in the coating determines the category of the connector and the service life. Telephone RJ and Category 3 connectors use 3 microinch sputtering, Category 5 and 6 connectors use 50 microinch sputtering.

To fix the RJ plug in the mating part, there is a special latch located on the connector body. RJ series connectors are manufactured by Hyperline in unshielded and shielded versions. Shielded connectors, unlike unshielded ones, have a metal casing that connects to the cable shield, and are used to ensure the correct functioning of the system with the corresponding shielded equipment (sockets, patch panels, etc.). The company also produces RJ series connectors taking into account the preferences of installers - with or without insert. In connectors without inserts, the cable is routed directly into the connector itself and then crimped with a special tool. In connectors with an insert, the cable is routed into the insert, then the insert is placed into the connector, after which the contacts are crimped.

RJ series connectors are available in the following types:

1. For telephone networks:
   • on 4 positions and 4 contacts "4P4С" (RJ-11);
   • for 6 positions: 2-pin "6P2С", 4-pin "6P4С", 6-pin "6P6С" (RJ-12).
2. For computer networks:
   • for 8 positions and 8 contacts "8P8С" (RJ-45);
   • for 10 positions and 10 contacts "10P10С" (RJ-50).
3. According to the shape of the connected cable:
   • for round cable (multi-core, single-core and universal);
   • for flat cable (single-core and universal).

All RJ connectors are single installation and require a special crimping tool. For all RJ series plugs, Hyperline produces mating parts (modular sockets). Hyperline offers simple and reliable modular connectors for telecommunications networks that provide high speed data transmission.

BNC Hyperline connectors used in video surveillance systems, for connecting radio-electronic devices. Hyperline company produces BNC connectors for various types connections, as well as protective caps for insulation (BNC - short for Bayonet Neill Concelman - a type of connector designed to connect coaxial cable). BNC series connectors are used with cables up to 7 mm in diameter. The connectors have a nickel-plated metal housing that protects internal contact. The central contact is gold-plated. The amount of loss in BNC connectors is no more than 0.3 dB. BNC connectors are connected using a bayonet lock and are designed for networks with a resistance of 50 Ohm up to 4GHz, 75 Ohm up to 1 GHz.

BNC series connectors are available in the following types:

• BNC – crimped at the end of the cable or soldered;
• BNC-F – equipped with threaded fastening;
• BNC-T – connects the network cable to the computer’s network card in the 10BASE2 standard;
• BNC-I - used to splice two pieces of thin coaxial cable.

PAL connectors used in television broadcasting systems to connect system components and transmit audio and video signals. Hyperline produces screw and screw-on PAL connectors designed for connecting coaxial cables. The connectors have a nickel-plated metal housing that protects the internal cable connector.

25-pair TELCO connectors manufactured by Hyperline is used to connect large quantity contacts at one switching point, for example, to connect a cable to a telephone exchange. The cable is installed in the connector by crimping using a special tool. TELCO connectors are available in ABS housing and in female and male versions. TELCO series connectors are used with cables with a diameter of up to 10 mm. The phosphor-bronze contacts of the plugs are gold plated.
Hyperline connectors are widely used and provide high reliability and durability of connections.