THE PROVERB DOES NOT SAY FORMALLY

BUSINESS BEFORE PLEASURE.
A handwritten note from Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich (1629 - 1676) to a collection of rules for falconry, a favorite pastime of that time. It is usually said as a reminder to a person who, while having fun, forgets about the matter.

TWO DEATHS CAN'T HAPPEN, BUT ONE CAN'T BE SAVED.
The inevitable will still happen, whether you take risks or not. It speaks of the determination to do something associated with risk, danger, and at the same time with the hope that the danger can still be avoided.

THE FIRST DAMN IT IS LOMIC.
It often happens that the housewife doesn’t succeed in making the first pancake (it doesn’t come out of the frying pan well, it burns), but the housewife can use it to determine whether the dough is well kneaded, whether the pan is warmed up, or whether oil needs to be added. It is said to justify the unsuccessful start of a new, difficult business.
IF YOU CHASE TWO HARRIES, YOU WILL NOT Catch EITHER.
It is said when someone takes on several (usually beneficial for themselves) tasks at once and therefore cannot do any of them well or complete them.

GRANDMOTHER SAID TWO.
In two (simple) - vaguely, with the ability to understand one way or another. It is unknown whether what is expected will come true; It is still unknown how it will be: one way or another. They say when they doubt the implementation of what they propose.

FOR ONE BEATEN, THEY GIVE TWO UNBEATEN.
They say when they understand that punishment for mistakes made is good for a person, because this is how he gains experience.

AN OLD FRIEND IS BETTER THAN TWO NEW ONES.
It is said when they want to emphasize the loyalty, devotion and irreplaceability of an old friend.

ONE HEAD IT'S GOOD, BUT TWO BETTER.
It is said when, when solving a problem, they turn to someone for advice, when they solve a matter together

GET LOST IN TWO PINES.
Not being able to understand something simple, uncomplicated, not being able to find a way out of the simplest difficulty.

FROM THE POT IS THREE VERSHKS.
Very short, short, small.

I PROMISED THREE BOXES.
A lot (to say, promise, lie, etc.).

THE PROMISED WILL BE WAITING FOR THREE YEARS.
They say it jokingly when they do not believe that someone will soon fulfill their promises or when the fulfillment of what is promised is delayed indefinitely.

CRY IN THREE STREAMS.
That is, it is very bitter to cry.

THE FIFTH WHEEL IN THE CART.
A superfluous, unnecessary person in any matter.

SEVEN DO NOT WAIT FOR ONE.
This is what they say when they start something without someone who is late, or with a reproach to someone who makes many (not necessarily seven) wait.

SEVEN TROUBLES - ONE ANSWER.
Let's take the risk again, and if we have to answer, then for everything at once, at the same time. It speaks of the determination to do something else risky, dangerous in addition to what has already been done.

SEVEN TIMES MEASURE CUT ONCE.
Before you do anything serious, think it over carefully, foresee everything. It is said as advice to think about everything possible options actions before starting any business.

TOO MANY COOKS SPOIL THE BROTH.
Without an eye (obsolete) - without supervision, without supervision. Things are done poorly and unsatisfactorily when several people are responsible for it at once. It is said when several people (or even organizations) responsible for a matter rely on each other and each individual treats their responsibilities in bad faith.

ALL TRIN IS GRASS.
The mysterious "tryn-grass" is not at all some kind of herbal medicine that people drink so as not to worry. At first it was called "tyn-grass", and tyn is a fence. The result was “fence grass,” that is, a weed that no one needed, everyone was indifferent to.

ADD ON THE FIRST NUMBER.
You won't believe it, but old school students were flogged every week, no matter who was right or wrong. And if the “mentor” overdoes it, then such a spanking would last for a long time, until the first day of the next month.

GOAL LIKE A FALCON.
Terribly poor, beggar. Usually they think that we're talking about about the falcon bird. But she has nothing to do with it. In fact, the "falcon" is an ancient military battering gun. It was a completely smooth (“bare”) cast iron block attached to chains. Nothing extra!

ORPHAN OF KAZAN.
This is what they say about a person who pretends to be unhappy, offended, helpless in order to pity someone. But why is the orphan “Kazan”? It turns out that this phraseological unit arose after the conquest of Kazan by Ivan the Terrible. The Mirzas (Tatar princes), finding themselves subjects of the Russian Tsar, tried to beg all sorts of concessions from him, complaining about their orphanhood and bitter fate.

INSIDE OUT.
Now this seems to be a completely harmless expression. And once it was associated with shameful punishment. During the time of Ivan the Terrible, a guilty boyar was placed backwards on a horse with his clothes turned inside out and, in this disgraced form, was driven around the city to the whistling and jeers of the street crowd.

LEAD BY THE NOSE.
Deceive by promising and not fulfilling what was promised. This expression was associated with fairground entertainment. Gypsies led bears by a ring threaded through their noses. And they forced them, the poor fellows, to do various tricks, deceiving them with the promise of a handout.

SCAPEGOAT.
This is the name given to a person who is blamed for someone else. The history of this expression is as follows: the ancient Jews had a rite of absolution. The priest laid both hands on the head of the living goat, thereby, as it were, transferring the sins of the entire people onto it. After this, the goat was driven out into the desert. Many, many years have passed, and the ritual no longer exists, but the expression still lives on.

SHARPEN THE LASKS.
Lyasy (balusters) are turned figured posts of railings at the porch. Only a true master could make such beauty. Probably, at first, “sharpening balusters” meant conducting an elegant, fancy, ornate (like balusters) conversation. But in our time, the number of people skilled in conducting such a conversation became fewer and fewer. So this expression came to mean empty chatter.

GRATED KALAC.
In the old days there really was such a type of bread - “grated kalach”. The dough for it was crumpled, kneaded, and “grated” for a very long time, which is why the kalach turned out to be unusually fluffy. And there was also a proverb - “do not grate, do not crush, there will be no kalach.” That is, trials and tribulations teach a person. The expression comes from this proverb.

NICK DOWN.
If you think about it, the meaning of this expression seems cruel - you must agree, it’s not very pleasant to imagine an ax next to your own nose. In reality, everything is not so sad. In this expression, the word “nose” has nothing to do with the organ of smell. A “nose” was the name given to a memorial plaque, or a note tag. In the distant past, illiterate people always carried such tablets and sticks with them, with the help of which all kinds of notes or notations were made as memories.

AFTER THE RAIN ON THURSDAY.
Rusichi - ancient ancestors Russians - among their gods they honored the main god - the god of thunder and lightning Perun. One of the days of the week was dedicated to him - Thursday (it is interesting that among the ancient Romans Thursday was also dedicated to the Latin Perun - Jupiter). Prayers were offered to Perun for rain during the drought. It was believed that he should be especially willing to fulfill requests on “his day” - Thursday. And since these prayers often remained in vain, the saying “After the rain on Thursday” began to be applied to everything that is unknown when it will come true.

BREAK A LEG.
This expression arose among hunters and was based on the superstitious idea that with a direct wish (both down and feather), the results of a hunt can be jinxed. In the language of hunters, feather means bird, and down means animals. In ancient times, a hunter going on a hunt received this parting word, the “translation” of which looks something like this: “Let your arrows fly past the target, let the snares and traps you set remain empty, just like the trapping pit!” To which the earner, in order not to jinx it either, replied: “To hell!” And both were confident that the evil spirits, invisibly present during this dialogue, would be satisfied and leave behind, and would not plot intrigues during the hunt.

KICK THE BUCKLES.
What are “baklushi”, who “beats” them and when? For a long time, artisans have been making spoons, cups and other utensils from wood. To carve a spoon, it was necessary to chop off a block of wood from a log. Apprentices were entrusted with preparing the bucks: it was an easy, trivial task that did not require any special skill. Preparing such chocks was called “beating the lumps.” From here, from the mockery of the masters at the auxiliary workers - “baklushechnik”, our saying came from.

RUB THE GLASSES.
How can glasses be rubbed in? Where and why? Such a picture would look very ridiculous. And the absurdity occurs because we are not talking about glasses at all, which are used to correct vision. There is another meaning of the word "points": red and black marks on playing cards. There is even a gambling card game called “point”. For as long as there have been cards, there have been dishonest players and cheaters. In order to deceive their partner, they resorted to all sorts of tricks. By the way, they knew how to quietly “rub in points” - turn a seven into a six or a four into a five, on the go, during the game, by gluing in a “point” or covering it with a special white powder. And the expression “to cheat” began to mean “to deceive”, hence other words were born: “deception”, “deception” - a trickster who knows how to embellish his work, pass off the bad as very good.

THEY CARRY WATER ON THE ANGRY (OFFENDED).
This proverb can be said to a person who is angry and angry unnecessarily. The roots of the saying come from the ancient colloquial speech. Then the word “angry” meant diligent, zealous, diligent. It was these diligent and diligent horses that were chosen for hard work - they carried water in barrels from the river. Thus, the most “angry” (that is, diligent) got the most thankless hard work.

THE WORD IS NOT A SPARROW - YOU WILL NOT CAPTURE IT FLIGHT.
The proverb teaches that before you say anything, you need to think carefully. After all, it’s easy to say a word, but you won’t have to regret what you said later...

FEAR HAS BIG EYES...
A person gripped by fear and frightened very often exaggerates the danger and sees it where it actually is not.

THE MOUNTAIN GAVE BIRTH TO A MOUSE.
The original source of this proverb is considered to be the ancient Greek legend about the pregnant Mount Olympus. The god Zeus, fearing that the birth of this mountain would cause major upheavals in the camp of the gods, made the mountain... give birth to a mouse. The proverb “The mountain gave birth to a mouse” is used in a situation where significant and gigantic efforts ultimately bring insignificant results.

TAKE CARE OF YOUR HONOR FROM YOUTH.
From a young age, adv. - from a young age, from a young age. Advice to young people to value their honor from their youth, good name(just like saving clothes again, i.e. while they are new). Spoken as a parting word young man at the beginning of his life's journey.

WITHOUT DIFFICULTY YOU CAN’T TAKE (PUT) A FISH OUT OF THE POND.
Every business requires effort; Without effort, you can’t do anything. It is said when it takes a lot of work, hard work to achieve some result.

DO NOT COUNT YOUR CHICKENS BEFORE THEY ARE HATCHED.
In the fall (simple) - in the fall. Not all chicks born in the summer survive to peasant farms until autumn. Someone will be carried away predator birds, the weak simply will not survive, which is why they say that chickens should be counted in the fall, when it is clear how many of them have survived. Something must be judged by final results. It is said when someone prematurely expresses joy at possible success, although final results are still far away and a lot can change.

SMALL SPOOL BUT PRECIOUS.
Zolotnik is an old Russian unit of weight equal to 4.26 grams. It fell out of use after 1917, when the country introduced metric system measure, which is based on the meter (a measure of length) and the kilogram (a measure of weight). Before this, the main measures of weight were pood (16 kg) and pound (400 g), which had 96 spools. The spool was the smallest measure of weight and was used mainly when weighing gold and silver. Yes, it does. conjunction - but, however. Road - kr. form m.r. from dear. Small in size, but valuable for its qualities. It is said about one who is small in stature, but has many virtues, positive qualities, as well as about something small in size, but very important in essence.

HERE IS YOUR DAY, GRANDMOTHER.
The saying reflects one of the episodes in the history of the Russian people associated with the enslavement of peasants. The emergence of serfdom, i.e. the legally established right of the landowner (feudal lord) to the person, forced labor and property of the peasant, dates back to the time Kievan Rus(IX-XII centuries). The peasants, although they were considered free (free), did not have the right to pass from one owner to another during the year: custom required that they leave only after all field work had been completed, at the beginning of winter, when all the grain had already been harvested. In the middle of the 15th century, peasants were allowed to move from one owner to another once a year - a week before St. George’s Day and a week after it (St. George’s Day, that is, the day of St. George, in Russian Yuri, the patron saint of farmers, was celebrated November 26, old style, chronology). IN late XVI centuries, the crossing of peasants was prohibited on St. George’s Day. Thus, the peasants were attached to the land and had to remain with their landowner for life. The peasants, who were waiting for St. George's Day as the only opportunity to change their owner and try to improve their lives, were taken away last hope to change their position. This is how a saying arose, expressing regret about unfulfilled hopes.
They say it when they want to express extreme surprise or disappointment at something that unexpectedly happened, something they just found out about and that took away hope and disappointed expectations.

WHERE OURS DIDN’T DISAPPEAR or WHERE OURS DIDN’T DISAPPEAR.
Let's take a risk and try to do it. It is said to be desperately determined to do something, taking risks.

THE EYES ARE FEARED (afraid), BUT THE HANDS DO.
Beginning great job, you are afraid that you won’t be able to cope, but when you start it, you calm down, you understand that you are able to overcome all difficulties.
It is said to encourage one before starting a big or unfamiliar job, or is said with joy when such work is done.

WHERE IT'S THIN, IT TEARS.
Trouble and disaster usually happen where something is unreliable and fragile. They say that when something bad happens, it’s a nuisance, although it was already bad before.

HUNGER IS NOT AN AUNT.
Initially: hunger is not an auntie, she won’t slip a pie. It is said when the feeling of hunger forces you to eat even what you don’t like, or to do something that you wouldn’t do under other circumstances.

LEOPARD CHANGE HIS SPOTS.
A person's ingrained flaws or oddities cannot be corrected. It is said when there is a belief that a person will not change.

GOOD FOR INVENTION IS CLEVER.
Goli, goli, f., collected. (obsolete) - beggars, poor people. Hitra - kr. form g. R. from cunning, here (obsolete): inventive, skillful in something. Lack, the absence of something, forces you to be inventive, to use what you have, what is at hand. It is said with approval or satisfaction when, due to a lack of something necessary, something original and, as a rule, cheap is invented.

BUCKWHEAT PORRIDGE PRAITS ITSELF.
Buckwheat - made from buckwheat grains. Buckwheat is a herbaceous plant, from the seeds of which cereals and flour are made. Buckwheat porridge is one of the favorite foods of Russians. Buckwheat porridge is so good, so tasty, its advantages are so obvious to everyone that it does not need praise. It is spoken with mocking condemnation about an immodest person when he praises himself and speaks about his merits.

PREPARE A SLED IN SUMMER AND A CART IN WINTER.
Sleigh, sled, plural only - a winter cart on two runners for driving in the snow. A cart is a summer cart on four wheels for transporting goods. The sleigh and cart are harnessed to a horse. Prepare for everything in advance. It is said as advice to prepare in advance everything that will be needed in the future.

THE THUNDER WILL NOT CLASH, THE MAN WILL NOT CROSS THE CROSS.
Rumble (1 and 2 l. not used), owl - suddenly rumble, thunder. Man (obsolete) - peasant.
Cross yourself, -cross yourself, -cross yourself, sov.- make a sign of the cross on yourself with your hand: attach three fingers folded together (thumb, index and middle) right hand successively to the forehead, to the chest, to one and the other shoulder. People who believed in God, professed the Christian religion, were baptized in many cases Everyday life. This was a mandatory ritual during prayer (at home and in church), before eating, when entering a hut (they were baptized while looking at the icons in the corner), etc. They baptized the mouth while yawning, baptized loved ones who were leaving or traveling far away and for a long time, they were baptized from fear at the sounds of thunder, etc. In the old days, believers were afraid of thunderstorms like unexplained phenomenon nature. When thunder rumbled, it was believed that thunder (not lightning) could bring misfortune (kill, cause a fire). Therefore, in order to ward off misfortune, to avoid misfortune from a thunderstorm, people were baptized precisely during the thunder; the thunder seemed to warn of a possible misfortune.
Until trouble or trouble occurs, a careless person does not remember about them and does not take measures to prevent them. They say when they do at the last moment something that should have been done in advance.

HAVING GIVEN YOUR WORD, STAY AWAY.
Either be true to your word or don't promise. It is said as a reminder of a promise made or as a reproach for an unfulfilled promise, as well as a warning, advice to refrain from making promises if you are not sure that you can fulfill them.

THEY DO NOT LOOK AT A GIVEN HORSE'S TEETH.
Gifted (colloquial) - given, received as a gift. A horse's teeth are examined when they want to determine its age. An old horse's teeth are worn out, so when you buy a horse, be sure to check its teeth so as not to buy an old one. They don’t discuss the gift; they accept what they give. They say when they receive something as a gift that they don’t like and that they wouldn’t choose themselves.

THINGS ARE GOING ON, THE OFFICE IS WRITING.
Spoken jokingly about someone active work, which is not influenced by any external circumstances.

THINGS LIKE SOOT WHITE.
Soot - black particles from incomplete combustion of fuel that settle on internal surfaces stoves and chimneys. Soot is a symbol of the blackest color; there is no such thing as white soot, and the humorous comparison “white as soot” essentially characterizes a black object. The word “black” figuratively means “dark, heavy.” Bela - kr. form g. R. from white. Usually said in response to the question “How are you?”, when things are going badly or when they do not want to answer specifically and are limited to this vague answer (the answer implies an unsatisfactory state of affairs).

THE CHILD DOESN'T CRY, THE MOTHER DOESN'T UNDERSTAND.
Understand, nesov. (obsolete) - to understand something, to guess about something. If you don’t say what you need, no one will guess about it and therefore won’t be able to help. It is said when the lack of help to someone is explained by ignorance of his needs.

AT HOUSE WALLS HELP.
At home or in a familiar, familiar environment, a person feels more confident and calm. It is said with confidence or with the hope that in a familiar environment it will be easier to cope with any task.

ROAD SPOON FOR DINNER.
Road - kr. form g. R. from dear; here: “important, valuable to someone, one that is treasured.” Expensive, valuable is what appears in right moment. It is said when something is done or received on time, precisely at the moment when it is especially interested or needed, or it is said as a reproach to someone who did not do what was necessary on time.

FRIENDS ARE KNOWN (recognized) IN TROUBLE.
Only in Hard time you will find out who your real friend is. It is said in relation to someone who turned out to be very attentive and helped someone in a difficult situation or, conversely, showed callousness towards someone in trouble.

IT WILL HEAL BEFORE THE WEDDING.
It will pass soon, it will heal soon. It is said jokingly to console the victim.

FOR A SWEET FRIEND AND AN EARRING (EARRING) FROM EAR.
Ear - diminutive - affectionate. to the ear. For the beloved, dear person No regrets, you will give your best. It is said that when, out of a feeling of sympathy, a person is generous towards another, ready to do everything for him.

DEBT GOOD TURN DESERVES ANOTHER.
Payment, payment, m. - depositing money on account of something; pay. Krasen - kr. form m.r. from red, here: (folk poet.) “beautiful; joyful, pleasant.” The way you treat someone is how they will treat you. It is said when in response to some action or attitude they do the same.

WHERE CRASHES HAVE THE WINTER.
The saying “I’ll show you where the crayfish spend the winter” originated during the days of serfdom. In the middle of winter, the master sent the guilty person to get crayfish for the table. And in winter it is very difficult to find crayfish, and besides, you can freeze and catch a cold. Since then, this saying has meant a threat, a warning of punishment.

DISCOVER AMERICA.
America was discovered by the navigator Columbus more than five hundred years ago. Therefore, when someone announces something that everyone has known for a long time, they jokingly say to him: “Well, you discovered America!”

THROUGH THE STUMP DECK.
The deck is a log. You have to move slowly through the forest when you have either a stump or a log under your feet. The expression “through the roof” means to do something somehow, indiscriminately.

INVENT THE BICYCLE.
We all know what a bicycle is and how it works. “Don’t reinvent the wheel” so as not to waste time inventing something that has already existed for a long time.

THE MASTER'S WORK IS AFRAID.
Any task can be accomplished if a master, that is, a skilled one, takes on it. knowledgeable person. It is spoken with admiration and praise when a person shows skill and mastery in his craft.

THE HAT IS NOT GOOD FOR SENKA.
In the old days, the hat was a symbol of wealth and nobility. By its size they judged what place a person occupied in society. “Not a hat for Senka” - this is what they say about a person who is not able to perform this or that work or occupy a certain position.

LOOK FOR THE WIND IN THE FIELD.
Look - command, on. from ch. look for (I'm looking for, looking for), nesov. You won’t find it anyway, there’s no need to look. It talks about someone who has disappeared and who cannot be found (how useless it is to look for the wind in a field), or about something that is irretrievably lost.

YOU CAN'T ERASE WORDS FROM A SONG.
What happened, happened, everything will have to be told. They say it as if apologizing for having to tell everything without leaving out any (usually unpleasant) details (just as you can’t delete a single word from a song so as not to spoil the whole song).

OUT OF THE FRYING PAN INTO THE FIRE.
Yes, it does. conjunction - but, however. Fire (obsolete and regional) - flame, fire. In popular speech, flame, that is, fire that rises above a burning object, is associated with greater misfortune, flame is a stronger fire. From one misfortune to another, greater one, from a difficult situation to a worse one.
It is said when a person, being in a difficult situation, finds himself in an even more difficult situation.

AND THE SWEDISH, AND THE REAPER, AND IN THE DUDU (on the pipe) THE PLAYER.
Shvets (obsolete and simple) - one who sews clothes, a tailor. The reaper is the one who reaps (cuts off when harvesting) the ripe ears of corn with a sickle. In the dudu (on the pipe) the player (obsolete) is the one who plays the pipe, a musician. About someone who can do everything or who simultaneously performs various duties.

AND YOU WANT AND HURT.
It pricks - blank, 3 l. units h. from ch. inject, nesov. "to touch something sharp, causing pain." It is said when you want to do something, but you are scared because it is associated with some kind of danger, with risk.

AND LAUGHTER AND SIN.
It is said when something is both funny and sad at the same time.

AND THE OLD WOMAN HAS A FAILURE.
Proruha (simple) - mistake, oversight, failure. And an experienced person can make a mistake, make a mistake, a mistake. It is said to justify a mistake, a mistake made by a person from whom it could not be expected.

AND THE WOLVES ARE FEED, AND THE SHEEP ARE SAFE.
They say when it is possible to allow it conveniently for some and for others difficult situation or when a solution to the issue is made that satisfies everyone.

THE CAT KNOWS (smells) WHOSE MEAT IT EATS.
Smells - 3 l. units h. from ch. smell (smell, feel), ness. (simple) feel. They talk about someone who feels guilty and shows it through their behavior.

MAKE A FOOL PRAY TO GOD, HE WILL BREAK YOUR FOREHEAD (break it).
According to Orthodox custom, during prayer, believers kneel and bow low (bow), almost touching their foreheads to the floor. It is spoken with condemnation about a person who damaged the cause with excessive zeal and diligence.

WHAT I BUYED FOR IS WHAT I SELL FOR.
I repeat what I heard. They speak in their own defense when they retell rumors and therefore do not vouch for the authenticity of what was said.

BAD EXAMPLES ARE CONTAGIOUS or BAD EXAMPLE IS CONTAGIOUS.
Bad - bad. Contagious - kr. form m.r. from contagious, here: “one that causes imitation of itself, is easily transmitted to others. It is said when someone imitates bad behavior or the actions of another person.

THE LAW IS NOT WRITTEN FOR FOOLS (fools).
Laws are written for reasonable people; fools do not know the laws and do not obey them. It is said about a person when he acts, from the point of view of the speaker, strange or unreasonably, contrary to common sense And generally accepted standards behavior.
*in a new way*
THE LAW IS NOT WRITTEN FOR FOOLS, IF IT IS WRITTEN, IT IS NOT READ,
IF YOU READ THEN THEY WILL NOT UNDERSTAND, IF YOU UNDERSTAND THEN IT IS NOT SO!

FRIENDSHIP IS FRIENDSHIP AND SERVICE IS SERVICE.
Friendly relationships should not affect work relationships. It is said when a person, despite friendly relations with someone occupying a different (usually higher) official position, does not deviate from fulfilling official requirements, responsibilities.

OVER THE SEA, A HALF HEIFER, AND A RUBLE CARRIAGE.
Heifer (colloquial) - a young cow that has not yet had calves. Polushka is the smallest coin in pre-revolutionary Russia, equal to one-fourth of a kopeck (there are one hundred kopecks in one ruble). Yes, it does. conjunction - but, however. Transportation - here: payment for transported goods. Even a cheap thing will become expensive if you have to pay dearly for its transportation. They say when it is unprofitable to transport cheap goods from afar.

LIVING LIFE IS NOT A FIELD TO CROSS.
Life is complex and living it is not easy. It talks about the variety of events, about the difficulties that a person encounters throughout his life.

THERE IS NO SMOKE WITHOUT FIRE or NO SMOKE WITHOUT FIRE.
Nothing happens without a reason. It is usually said when they believe that there is some truth in the rumors that have spread.

How does a proverb differ from a saying?

A proverb is the property of an entire people or a significant part of it and contains general judgment or instruction for some occasion in life.

A proverb is the most curious genre of folklore, studied by many scientists, but in many ways remaining incomprehensible and mysterious. A proverb is a folk saying that does not express an opinion individuals, but the people's assessment, the people's mind. It reflects the spiritual image of the people, aspirations and ideals, judgments about the most different sides life. Everything that is not accepted by the majority of people, their thoughts and feelings, does not take root and is eliminated. A proverb lives in speech, only in it does a capacious proverb acquire its specific meaning.

Created over the centuries, passing from generation to generation, proverbs and sayings supported the way of life folk life, strengthened the spiritual and moral image of the people. These are like the commandments of the people, regulating the life of everyone common man. This is an expression of thoughts that people have come to through centuries of experience. A proverb is always instructive, but not always edifying. However, each has a conclusion that is useful to take into account.

Life changed, new sayings appeared, old ones were forgotten, but undeniably valuable things remained, having significance for subsequent eras. The wide distribution and longevity of proverbs was facilitated by the fact that some of them, losing their direct meaning, acquired a figurative meaning. For example, the proverb “Two are afraid of a broken bow” lived on for a long time, having changed its direct meaning to a figurative one, although the people had long ago changed their weapons. But there were also proverbs that initially appeared in a figurative sense, for example, the proverb to shoot at a stone - to lose arrows was never understood in literally, attributed to different subjects and phenomena. Whatever is said in proverbs is always a generalization. The figurative reflection of reality in the proverb is also associated with aesthetic assessment various phenomena of life. That is why there are proverbs that are funny and sad, amusing and bitter. This is how I said about this trait folk proverbs IN AND. Dahl: a proverb is “a body of folk wisdom and superstition, it is groans and sighs, crying and sobbing, joy and joy, grief and consolation in faces; this is the color of the people's mind, the original state; This is everyday folk truth, a kind of law of justice, not judged by anyone.”

The form of proverbs is also peculiar. She is characterized by rhythmic organization, special sound design. The proverb is short, it does not contain unnecessary words, every word is weighty, meaningful and precise.

So, a proverb is a short, rhythmically organized saying that has become part of speech and has an instructive meaning, in which people over the centuries have summarized their socio-historical experience.

A proverb is a widespread figurative expression that aptly defines any life phenomenon. Unlike proverbs, sayings are devoid of a direct generalized instructive meaning and are limited to figurative, often allegorical expression: it’s easy to hit the bullshit - all these are typical sayings, devoid of the character of a complete judgment.

In speech, a proverb often becomes a saying and vice versa. For example, the proverb “It’s easy to rake in heat with someone else’s hands” is often used as a saying “It’s easy to rake in heat with someone else’s hands,” that is, a figurative image of a lover of someone else’s labor.

Sayings due to their peculiarity figurative expressions More often than proverbs, they are closer to linguistic phenomena. Sayings have more national, national significance and meaning than proverbs. Sayings often have all the properties linguistic phenomena. This is the expression to put a pig in, that is, to cause trouble for someone. The origin of this saying is associated with the military system of the ancient Slavs. The squad became a “wedge”, like a boar’s head, or a “pig,” as Russian chronicles called this system. Over time, the meaning put into this expression in ancient times was lost.

Counting books

They sat on the golden porch

Sitting on the golden porch:
Tsar, prince, king, prince,
Shoemaker, tailor -
Who will you be?
Speak quickly
Don't delay
Good people!
***

Stytalka "Aty-Bati"

Aty-baty, the soldiers were walking,
Aty-baty, to the market.
Atty-batty, what did you buy?
Aty-baty, samovar.
How much does it cost?
Aty-baty, three rubles
Aty-baty, what is he like?
Aty-baty, golden.
Aty-baty, the soldiers were walking,
Aty-baty, to the market.
Atty-batty, what did you buy?
Aty-baty, samovar.
How much does it cost?
Aty-baty, three rubles.
Aty-baty, who's coming out?
Aty-baty, it's me!
***

Siva, willow
Siva, willow,
Oak, maple,
Shuga-yuga,
Get out!
***

Zainka

One two three four five,
There is no place for a bunny to jump,
There's a wolf walking everywhere, a wolf,
He teeth - click, click!
And we'll hide in the bushes,
Hide, little bunny, and you too.
You, wolf, wait,
Let's hide - go!
***

Counting table

We're going to play
Well, who should start?
One two Three,
You start
***

Counter "grass"

The gray bunny pulled out the grass.
He put it on the bench.
Who will take the weed?
That one will go too.
***

The king was sitting on a bench

The king was sitting on a bench,
Counted my pins:
One two Three,
You will be the queen!
***

Magpie

One two three four five,
We're going to play.
A magpie flew to us
And she told you to drive.
***

Apple

The apple rolled across the dish,
I won't drive
***

Rock Paper Scissors

Rock Paper Scissors,
Pencil, fire, water,
And a bottle of lemonade
AND iron hand.
Karmane-barmane, tsu-e-fa.
***

Counting book "Kittens"

We had kittens
One two three four five,
Come join us guys
Look and count.
Once the kitten is the whitest
Two kittens - the bravest
Three kittens - the smartest
And four is the noisiest
Five is like three and two
Same tail and head
Also a spot on the back
Also sleeps all day in a basket.
Our kittens are nice
One two three four five
Come join us guys
Look and count!
***

Month

One, two, dash, four,
Five, six, seven,
Eight nine ten.
Floats out
White month!
Who will reach the month?
He will go and hide!
***

Orange

We shared an orange
There are many of us, but he is alone.
This slice is for the hedgehog,
This slice is for the swift,
This slice is for ducklings,
This slice is for kittens,
This slice is for the beaver,
And for the wolf - the peel.
He is angry with us - trouble!!!
Run away somewhere!
***

Clouds

Clouds, clouds, clouds, clouds,
A big, powerful horse gallops.
He jumps through the clouds,
Those who don't believe, get out!
***

Tryntsy, bryntsy, bells

Tryntsy, bryntsy, bells,
The daredevils called,
Digi, digi, digi, don,
Get out quickly!
***

A hare ran through the swamp
A hare was running through the swamp,
He was looking for a job
Yes, I didn’t find a job,
I cried and went
***

Eni, beni, ricky, taki

Eni, beni, ricky, taki,
Glug, glug, glug, koraki, shmaki.
Eus, beus, krasnadeus - bang!
***

Horse (tick)

Zealous horse
Long-maned
Jumps across the field
The cornfield is jumping.
Who's the horse
He'll catch him
Tag with us
Playing
***

Garage

There are cars in the garage -
Volga, Chaika, Zhiguli,
Which one do you get the keys from?
***

Dora, Dora

Dora, Dora, tomato,
We caught a thief in the garden.
They began to think and guess,
How can a thief be punished?
We tied our hands and feet
And they let us go on our way.
The thief walked, walked, walked
And I found a basket.
In this little basket
There are drawings and pictures.
One two Three,
Give it to whoever you want!
***

Counting book Eniki-beniki

Eniki-beniki ate dumplings
Eniki-beniki - dumplings!
A Russian sailor came out.
***

Suitcase

A suitcase was floating on the sea,
There was a sofa in the suitcase,
An elephant was riding on the sofa.
Those who don't believe, get out!

Apple

An apple rolled past the orchard,
past the garden, past the hail,
Whoever lifts it will come out
***

Padlock

Over the seas, over the mountains,
Behind the iron pillars
There is a tower on the hill,
There's a lock on the door,
Go get the key
And unlock the lock.
***

Counting book

The counting begins:
A jackdaw sat on a birch tree,
Two crows, a sparrow,
Three magpies, a nightingale.
***

Three cheerful little ones

Three cheerful little ones
They went to the market in a crowd,
And we bought three watermelons -
Dark, light and pockmarked.
Who brought the pockmarked watermelon,
He's the one driving! Everyone by the nose.
***

Bunny

Bunny - coward
He ran across the field,
Ran into the garden
I found a carrot
I found cabbage
Sits, gnawing,
Go away - the owner is coming!
***

Fox counting rhyme

Peas

Ahi, ahi, ahi, oh,
Masha sowed peas
He was born thick,
We are running, but you wait!
***

Spider

One two three four,
Mice lived in an apartment.
A friend himself got into the habit of visiting them
The cross spider is a large spider.
Five, six, seven, eight,
We'll ask the spider:
"You glutton, don't go!"
Come on, Mashenka (Mishenka, Katenka...), drive!
***

Holes in cheese

One two three four.
Let's count the holes in the cheese.
If the cheese has a lot of holes,
This means the cheese will be delicious.
If there is one hole in it,
So it was delicious yesterday.
***

Cat and mouse counting game

One two three four five.
The cat learns to count.
Little by little
Adds a cat to a mouse.
The answer is:
There is a cat, but no mouse.
***

Fingers

One two three four five!
Let's count fingers!
Strong, friendly, everyone is so necessary!
On the other hand again -
One, two, three, four, five!
The fingers are fast, although not very clean.
A lot of trouble for fingers -
sometimes they play pats, then for some reason they put their hands in their mouths,
books are torn from grandma.
Having redone everything
pulling the tablecloth from the table
The fingers are friendly, they are all so necessary!
***

Counting book"The boy is the girl's servant"

One two three four five,
Six seven eight nine ten,
A clear month emerged all round,
And behind the month is the moon,
The boy is the girl's servant.
You, servant, bring the carriage,
And I’ll sit down and go.
You, servant, hand me the broom,
I'll sweep the carriage.
***

Ogoni Horses

What children's group game can do without a counting rhyme? Counting books are passed on by children orally and are often altered and supplemented. Counting book is a genre of oral folk art and tinkering back in ancient times. Counting cards helped redistribute work and had a magical effect, allowing chance to choose who would do the work.
Over time, counters began to be used in the game to select a leader. So that chance will decide who will drive and there will be no resentment or questions: “Why me?” Rhythms are rhyme-rhythmic texts created in a humorous form, developing memory, humor, a sense of rhythm and the ability to find compromises in society.

They sat on the golden porch

Sitting on the golden porch:
Tsar, prince, king, prince,
Shoemaker, tailor -
Who will you be?
Speak quickly
Don't delay
Good people!

Stytalka "Aty-Bati"

Aty-baty, the soldiers were walking,
Aty-baty, to the market.
Atty-batty, what did you buy?
Aty-baty, samovar.
How much does it cost?
Aty-baty, three rubles
Aty-baty, what is he like?
Aty-baty, golden.
Aty-baty, the soldiers were walking,
Aty-baty, to the market.
Atty-batty, what did you buy?
Aty-baty, samovar.
How much does it cost?
Aty-baty, three rubles.
Aty-baty, who's coming out?
Aty-baty, it's me!

Siva, willow

Siva, willow,
Oak, maple,
Shuga-yuga,
Get out!

Zainka

One two three four five,
There is no place for a bunny to jump,
There's a wolf walking everywhere, a wolf,
He teeth - click, click!
And we'll hide in the bushes,
Hide, little bunny, and you too.
You, wolf, wait,
Let's hide - go!

Counting table

We're going to play
Well, who should start?
One two Three,
You start

Counter "grass"

The gray bunny pulled out the grass.
He put it on the bench.
Who will take the weed?
That one will go too.

The king was sitting on a bench

The king was sitting on a bench,
Counted my pins:
One two Three,
You will be the queen!

Magpie

One two three four five,
We're going to play.
A magpie flew to us
And she told you to drive.

Apple

The apple rolled across the dish,
I won't drive

Rock Paper Scissors

Rock Paper Scissors,
Pencil, fire, water,
And a bottle of lemonade
And an iron hand.
Karmane-barmane, tsu-e-fa.

Counting kittens

We had kittens
One two three four five,
Come join us guys
Look and count.
Once the kitten is the whitest
Two kittens - the bravest
Three kittens - the smartest
And four is the noisiest
Five is like three and two
Same tail and head
Also a spot on the back
Also sleeps all day in a basket.
Our kittens are nice
One two three four five
Come join us guys
Look and count!

Month

One, two, dash, four,
Five, six, seven,
Eight nine ten.
Floats out
White month!
Who will reach the month?
He will go and hide!

Orange

We shared an orange
There are many of us, but he is alone.
This slice is for the hedgehog,
This slice is for the swift,
This slice is for ducklings,
This slice is for kittens,
This slice is for the beaver,
And for the wolf - the peel.
He is angry with us - trouble!!!
Run away somewhere!

Clouds

Clouds, clouds, clouds, clouds,
A big, powerful horse gallops.
He jumps through the clouds,
Those who don't believe, get out!

Tryntsy, bryntsy, bells

Tryntsy, bryntsy, bells,
The daredevils called,
Digi, digi, digi, don,
Get out quickly!

A hare ran through the swamp

A hare was running through the swamp,
He was looking for a job
Yes, I didn’t find a job,
I cried and went

Eni, beni, ricky, taki

Eni, beni, ricky, taki,
Glug, glug, glug, koraki, shmaki.
Eus, beus, krasnadeus - bang!

Horse (tick)

Zealous horse
Long-maned
Jumps across the field
The cornfield is jumping.
Who's the horse
He'll catch him
Tag with us
Playing

Garage

There are cars in the garage -
Volga, Chaika, Zhiguli,
Which one do you get the keys from?

Dora, Dora

Dora, Dora, tomato,
We caught a thief in the garden.
They began to think and guess,
How can a thief be punished?
We tied our hands and feet
And they let us go on our way.
The thief walked, walked, walked
And I found a basket.
In this little basket
There are drawings and pictures.
One two Three,
Give it to whoever you want!

Counting book Eniki-beniki

Eniki-beniki ate dumplings
Eniki-beniki - dumplings!
A Russian sailor came out.

A German came out of the fog

A German came out of the fog
He took the knife out of his pocket
I will cut, I will beat -
Who will you remain friends with?
The month has emerged from the fog,
He took the knife out of his pocket.
I will cut, I will beat -
You still have to drive!

Suitcase

A suitcase was floating on the sea,
There was a sofa in the suitcase,
An elephant was riding on the sofa.
Those who don't believe, get out!

Apple

An apple rolled past the orchard,
past the garden, past the hail,
Whoever lifts it will come out

Padlock

Over the seas, over the mountains,
Behind the iron pillars
There is a tower on the hill,
There's a lock on the door,
Go get the key
And unlock the lock.

Counting book

The counting begins:
A jackdaw sat on a birch tree,
Two crows, a sparrow,
Three magpies, a nightingale.

Three cheerful little ones

Three cheerful little ones
They went to the market in a crowd,
And we bought three watermelons -
Dark, light and pockmarked.
Who brought the pockmarked watermelon,
He's the one driving! Everyone by the nose.

Bunny

Bunny - coward
He ran across the field,
Ran into the garden
I found a carrot
I found cabbage
Sits, gnawing,
Go away - the owner is coming!

Fox counting rhyme

The fox walked through the forest,
The fox screamed.
The fox tore the stripes,
The fox weaved bast shoes -
Two for my husband, three for myself,
And some bast shoes for the kids!
Who will find the bast shoes?
He will drive.

Hooligan counting rhyme))

In our small company
Someone screwed up a lot.
One two Three-
That's right it will be you.

Peas

Ahi, ahi, ahi, oh,
Masha sowed peas
He was born thick,
We are running, but you wait!

Spider

One two three four,
Mice lived in an apartment.
A friend himself got into the habit of visiting them
The cross spider is a large spider.
Five, six, seven, eight,
We'll ask the spider:
“You glutton, don’t go!”
Come on, Mashenka (Mishenka, Katenka...), drive!

Holes in cheese

One two three four.
Let's count the holes in the cheese.
If the cheese has a lot of holes,
This means the cheese will be delicious.
If there is one hole in it,
So it was delicious yesterday.

Cat and mouse counting game

One two three four five.
The cat learns to count.
Little by little
Adds a cat to a mouse.
The answer is:
There is a cat, but no mouse.

Fingers

One two three four five!
Let's count fingers!
Strong, friendly, everyone is so necessary!
On the other hand again -
One, two, three, four, five!
The fingers are fast, although not very clean.
A lot of trouble for fingers -
sometimes they play pats, then for some reason they put their hands in their mouths,
books are torn from grandma.
Having redone everything
pulling the tablecloth from the table
The fingers are friendly, they are all so necessary!

Reading book "Boy servant to girl"

One two three four five,
Six seven eight nine ten,
A clear month emerged all round,
And behind the month is the moon,
The boy is the girl's servant.
You, servant, bring the carriage,
And I’ll sit down and go.
You, servant, hand me the broom,
I'll sweep the carriage.

Ogoni Horses

Ogoni Horses
Sat on the balcony
We drank tea
In Turkish they said:
- Chobi, achobi,
Chelyabichi and Chobi,
Chelyabichi and Chobi,
Game over!
We took water in our mouths
And they told everyone:
- Freeze!

Sheep were walking along the road

Sheep were walking along the road
Got my feet wet in a puddle
They began to wipe their feet:
Who with a handkerchief
Who is a rag
Who has a holey mitten!

Morning

Our Masha got up early
I counted all the dolls:
Two nesting dolls on the window,
Two Tanyas on the pillow,
Two Irinkas on a feather bed,
And Parsley in a cap
on a green chest.

Counting table Apple

The sun rose over the mountain
An apple fell from the sky
Through the azure meadows
It rolled right towards us!
It rolled, it rolled,
It fell into the river from the bridge,
Those who saw - did not sleep,
Hurry up and catch him!
Who caught it, well done
After all, the counting is over!

Ball

High, very high
I threw my ball easily.
But my ball fell from heaven
Rolled into the dark forest.
One two three four five,
I'm going to look for him.

Don't detain people

One two three four,
Five, six, seven, eight -
Grandma walks
With a long nose
And behind her is her grandfather.
How old is grandfather?
Speak quickly
Don't detain people!

Hide and seek game

One two three four five,
We'll play hide and seek.
Sky, stars, meadow, flowers -
Go ahead and drive it!

One day the mice came out

One day the mice came out
See what time it is.
One two three four,
The mice pulled the weights.
Then a terrible ringing sound was heard -
The mice ran away.

Naughty bastards

Naughty bastards,
Run out into the courtyards
Let's start playing
Choose a governor.
Voivode - from the people,
Get out of the round dance.
And you, good fellow,
Get to the very end!

Whale

Tomorrow it will fly from the sky
Blue-blue-blue whale
If you believe, stand and wait,
If you don't believe me, come out!

They sat on the golden porch

They sat on the golden porch
Tsar, prince
King, prince,
Shoemaker, tailor,
Who will you be?
Speak quickly

Don't detain honest and kind people!

Bag

Stork

Stork is a stork, stork is a bird,
What do you dream about at night?
I want the swamp edges,
- And what else?
More frogs.
You can't catch them, you can't catch them.
That's it, you drive!

A ram walked along steep mountains

A ram walked along steep mountains,
He tore out the grass and put it on the bench.
Whoever takes it will go out.

The poet died at the age of 79.

Next news

The author of the poem "Aty-Bati - the soldiers were marching" Yuri Naumovich Kushak died on the evening of March 6 at the age of 79, the family of the deceased told the 360 ​​TV channel. The civil funeral service will take place in the small hall of the Central House of Writers on March 9.

"Today my father passed away. Talented, loved by many children's poet Yuri Kushak. On April 19, he would have turned 80. Writer, brilliant translator, creator of the “Anthology of Satire and Humor of the 20th Century,” an interesting person in every sense. Sailor, boxer, favorite of women and children, true friend, forever young and endlessly loving life", wrote the poet's son Alexander Kushak in social network Facebook.

Yuri Kushak was born on April 19, 1936. He served in the navy and worked as a journalist. Began publishing poetry in 1955. The first collection of poems "Pazori" was published in Murmansk in 1962.

Yuri Kushak did a lot of translations. Thanks to his works, Russian-speaking readers were able to familiarize themselves with poems written in Tatar, Gypsy, Bashkir, Kazakh, Chuvash, Turkmen, Kabardian, Ossetian, Dargin and Chukchi languages.

In the seventies, Kushak worked in " Literary Russia"and helped many people get published promising authors, including Eduard Uspensky. He took part in the creation of a collection of works for children, “The Black Hen”.
Yuri Kushak was awarded the Korney Chukovsky Prize "For outstanding creative achievements in modern poetry" and "Golden Ostap" for creating the series of books "Anthology of Satire and Humor in Russia."

Aty-baty -
Along Arbat,
Aty-baty -
To the war
Aty-baty -
The soldiers were walking
Defend your country.
Not a tin soldier
With a tin pipe
And the trumpeter in the foggy silence
The gathering plays battle.
The table shines like a battlefield
This morning is blue.
The trail is inky - like a river.
There are clouds outside the window...
Gilded uniforms
We were outflanked.
- Hey, attack, cuirassiers,
Don't yawn, scorers,
Load all the mortars
We brought you the kernels -
Combat, new
Cherry pits!
At the inky old tower
Under the clock the battle is raging -
The battle is unequal, hand-to-hand.
Here the fearless corporal fell,
Another soldier was killed.
Soldiers are falling
Near the walls of "Grammar".
But the enemy rejoices in vain -
No one will defeat us!
Now under the red flag
Our cavalry is flying.
Everything is in smoke and everything is on fire.
Chapaev himself is on horseback.
And a roundhouse cart -
Tra-ta-ta! - from a machine gun.
Everything mixed up, like in a movie...
Night has come.
It's dark.
And then, like a wolf pack,
Enemies surrounded the headquarters.
I couldn't save Chapai
Among the waves of the Ural River.
I'm standing over a cliff,
I, like a grandfather, sing:
"Don't worry, black raven,
Over my head...
Black Raven, I'm not yours!
And the next morning there is another battle.
Fight again - not a step back,
The game is not over!
This is me running into the attack
This is me shouting “Hurray!”
"Messerschmitts" howl in the sky,
Anti-aircraft guns are hitting the enemy...
It's me
completely dead
I'm dying in the snow.
For you, dear school,
And for peace throughout the world!
It was then, Meshkova,
You will cry for me!
In honor of the brave hero
The monument will be unveiled in the park:
And the people are like at a match!
Everyone is like family to each other!
- Oh, my boy,
Brave boy, -
Mom will tell me about me. -
We loved him little:
We didn’t even buy a hockey stick!
...Mom entered the room:
- Get off the table!
You're still awake,
You're sitting there crying!
Aty-baty -
Blame
Aty-baty -
March to bed!
And the soldiers go to bed,
Defended the country.