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The poem “Mtsyri” was one of M.Yu.’s favorite works. Lermontov, according to the memoirs of his contemporaries, the poet loved to read the text of the poem in public and knew it all by heart.
Basis of the poem
Poem by M.Yu. Lermontov Mtsyri basically contains real story about a young monk who spent his entire life in a country foreign to him.
While in exile in the Caucasus, Lermontov meets a young monk living in Mtskheta. The monk told Mikhail Yuryevich his difficult fate: his little one was taken away from his native land and he was forced to spend his entire life in a part foreign to him.
First ideas for implementing the theme of monasticism in literary field Lermontov arose back in 1831. The poet wanted to embody what he heard in the monk’s notes. Later, this idea, under the influence of the story of a monk from Mtskheta, was embodied in the poem “Mtsyri”.
Elements of autobiography
Many researchers literary heritage Lermontov, in particular his poem “Mtsyri”, note a certain similarity between the young monk of the poem and M.Yu. Lermontov.
Belinsky argued that the poem exposes the author himself. The fates of the author and the monk, despite the apparent differences, have common ground. Loneliness and isolation from family are what these individuals have in common. Like Mtsyri, Lermontov grew up far from his relatives (the grandmother who raised him did her best to prevent him from communicating with relatives, in particular his father). This state of affairs became the cause of despondency both in the life of Lermontov and in the life of Mtsyri. In addition, they are also related by the Caucasus: for both Mtsyri and Lermontov, it became the embodiment of freedom.
Life path of Mtsyri
When Mtsyri was 6 years old, a tragedy happened in his life - a certain Russian general took the boy prisoner - thus, Mtsyri left him forever home, his family and the village dear to his heart - the village. On the way, the boy falls ill - separation from loved ones and difficult long road provoked this condition. One of the monks took pity on the child and took him to the monastery: “out of pity, one monk looked after the sick man, and he remained within the guardian walls, saved by friendly art.”
Despite the disappointing forecasts, Mtsyri survived and soon turned into a handsome young man. He learned the unfamiliar language that was spoken in this area, learned about the customs and peculiarities of life in this region, but he never managed to get rid of longing for his family and his home.
Languishing in despondency, Mtsyri makes attempts to escape and find his native village, but his intentions were not destined to come true.
Lermontov describes in detail the last escape of Mtsyri - during a thunderstorm, the young man leaves the walls of the monastery - for three days he wanders the paths in the hope of finding the right way home, but fate is extremely unfavorable to him - such a promising road becomes a tragedy - after the fight with the leopard, the young man’s strength noticeably decreased, this was also facilitated by the wounds received in the battle, in the end, the path leads Mtsyri to the same monastery. Realizing all the hopelessness, the young man dies under the influence of his wounds and general despondency.
Characteristics of personal qualities
Mtsyri became a monk by coincidence. Until the age of six, he was not filled with the desire to devote his life to serving God, and in particular, he knew nothing about Christianity. Only after he entered the monastery was he baptized.
Like all romantic heroes, Mtsyri has a special relationship with nature, in particular with the Caucasus mountains.
Life in a monastery, enclosed by bare, cold walls, has a depressing effect on him. Lermontov does not talk in detail about the attitude of other monks towards Mtsyri, but, based on their general mood, we can assume that it did not go beyond the bounds of decency - the monks were kind to the stranger who grew up within the walls of their monastery, but they were not able to understand his spiritual groaning.
Mtsyri belongs by origin to mountain peoples and like his father, he was very proud in childhood: “He refused food, and died quietly, proudly,” and did not lose this characteristic in his youth: “And, having listened proudly, the sick man stood up, gathering the rest of his strength.”
Mtsyri's life is full of sad longing and the desire to find lost happiness: “I wandered silently, alone, looked, sighing, to the east, tormented by an unclear longing for my native land.”
He always was kind person and “did no harm to anyone.” He pure soul a person is like a “child”. However, life in a monastery far from his homeland weighs heavily on him. The monks are not able to understand such melancholy of a young monk, since they themselves have never experienced it. Monks are alien to attachment to nature and freedom; they are afraid of thunderstorms, considering it the creation of God, while Mtsyri has no fear of this natural phenomenon at all - he is a child of nature and a thunderstorm, like any natural phenomenon, for him something close and natural, therefore, within the walls of the monastery Mtsyri “was a stranger to them forever, like a steppe beast.”
All Mtsyri’s dreams and desires came true around gaining freedom and happiness. He wants to live freely, like in childhood. For this purpose, he escapes from the monastery. Since Mtsyri has never traveled, he goes at random, guided by the view of the mountains. Unexpected meeting with the leopard began to ruin his plans. To a young man there was nothing left to do but engage in battle with wild beast. During the fight, Mtsyri was brave and strong. He would make an excellent warrior. He defeats the leopard: “He rushed to my chest; but I managed to stick my weapon into my throat and turn my weapon twice.”
(378 words)
The poem “Mtsyri” was written by Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov in 1839. This work is rightfully considered an example of Russian romantic poetry, and it has an interesting backstory. The author often visited the Caucasus, and it is believed that the plot of the book was based on events that actually happened to the writer. Traveling along the Georgian Military Road, he came across the main cathedral of Georgia - Mtskheta and met a lonely monk who told him the story of his life, and later a grateful listener described it in poetry.
The story of Mtsyri is a story about a lonely mountaineer boy who, by chance, found himself a pupil in the monastery of the temple (with Georgian language“Mtsyri” is translated as “novice”, “non-serving monk”). During his short life, the captive learned the local language, traditions and got used to living in captivity, but he was never able to understand who he really is, because family plays a big role in the formation of personality, which, unfortunately, he never has was.
The image of Mtsyri is, first of all, the image of a lonely person in search of the meaning of life. After spending for a long time in the monastery, he finally decides to get out into the wild, experience new feelings, and experience freedom. Having lived three days outside the monastery, the young man remembers his native language, faces of relatives: father, sister and brother. There is hope in his heart that he will be able to find his father’s house, but this dream is not destined to come true. The prisoner dies after a fight with a tiger. Before death, confessing to the priest, the fugitive pours out his soul, sheds the light of truth on his fate. He dies with the thought that he remained a slave, a prisoner and was unable to see the place where he was born.
Of course, Mtsyri could be devoted to his country, family, home, he could have taken place as a person, but his wanderings are a metaphor for the life of each of us. For three days, the prisoner experienced the main feelings and impressions: struggle, passion, admiration for nature and disappointment in himself and the world. We, too, experience all this and yearn for an unattainable ideal. In a religious sense it is Eden, in a practical sense it is the highest level of consumption, in a personal sense it is happiness, in a creative sense it is recognition, etc. Therefore, the drama of the freedom-loving young man is the story of the ups and downs of each of us; this image reflects the face of humanity.
IN dying confession he says he wants to be buried in far corner monastery garden, so that the view from his grave overlooks the hero’s native mountains. Mtsyri – romantic hero, and, despite the fact that in last scene we see him broken, he dies with the thought that perhaps someday he will still meet his family and friends.
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Mtsyri was a young man who was taken with him by a Russian general in one of the villages during Caucasian War. He was about six years old then. On the way, he fell ill and refused food. Then the general left him in the monastery.
Once upon a time a Russian general
I drove from the mountains to Tiflis;
He was carrying a prisoner child.
He fell ill and could not bear it
The labors of a long journey;
He seemed to be about six years old...
...He signically rejected food
And he died quietly, proudly.
Out of pity one monk
Looked after the sick...
The boy grew up in a monastery, but on the eve of taking monastic vows he fled during a severe thunderstorm. He was found three days later, dying, not far from the monastery. WITH with great difficulty managed to get him to talk.
...Already wanted to in the prime of life
Take a monastic vow
Suddenly one day he disappeared
Autumn night. Dark forest
Stretched around the mountains.
Three days all the searches on it
It was in vain, but then
They found him unconscious in the steppe...
He did not answer the interrogation...
...Then a monk came to him
With exhortation and supplication;
And, having proudly listened, the patient
The bailiff gathered the rest of his strength, And for a long time he spoke like that...
Speaking about the reasons for the flight, Mtsyri spoke about his young life, which was almost entirely spent in the monastery and all this time he perceived it as captivity. He did not want to completely turn her into the life of a monk:
I lived little and lived in captivity.
He sought to know a free life,
“Where the rocks hide in the clouds,
Where people are as free as eagles."
He does not at all repent of his action; on the contrary, he regrets that he managed to experience so little in these three days. The monks could not give him the human warmth and participation that he had so longed for and craved so much all these years.
I couldn't tell anyone
The sacred words "father" and "mother".
I've seen others
Fatherland, home, friends, relatives,
But I didn’t find it at home
Not only sweet souls - graves!
He considered himself a “slave and orphan” and reproached the monk for the fact that, willingly or unwillingly, the monks deprived him full life. You can leave the world, having experienced it and become tired of it, but he had none of this.
I'm young, young...Did you know
A wild dream of youth?
What kind of need? You lived, old man!
There is something in the world for you to forget,
You lived - I could also live!
Mtsyri, having broken free, completely trusted the world that surrounded him, began to perceive it completely differently than in the monastery. Now he felt like a part of this world, he didn’t even feel like a person.
...I myself, like an animal, was alien to people
And he crawled and hid like a snake.
They merged here; didn't sound
In the solemn hour of praise
Only a man's proud voice.
And I hung above the depths.
But free youth is strong,
And death seemed not scary!
New impressions awakened in him long ago forgotten memory about the past, about childhood. He remembered his village, his relatives, and vaguely understood the direction in which he needed to move. He now has a goal.
“And I remembered my father’s house...”
But he avoided people and did not want their help. His unity with nature would be disrupted by human intervention; he completely surrendered to fate.
But believe me, human help
I didn't want...I was a stranger
For them forever, like a steppe beast;
And if only for a minute scream
He cheated on me - I swear, old man,
I would tear out my weak tongue.
The fight with the leopard forced Mtsyri to strain all his remaining strength, and he also showed all the changeability of wild nature. Mtsyri enters the fight without weapons, as primitive man. The beast was defeated, the man turned out to be stronger. The wounded Mtsyri realized that his action was clearly doomed to failure: he compared himself to a greenhouse flower caught in the sun's rays.
But what? The dawn has barely risen,
The scorching ray burned her
A flower raised in prison...
Wounded. An exhausted, hungry young man comes out of the forest, hears familiar bells, and realizes that he has returned to the monastery.
Mtsyri dies. Physical death from wounds received in a fight with a leopard, spiritual death - return to the monastery. Romantic ideals are crumbling. Dying, Mtsyri does not repent at all of his actions, does not curse anyone; if there is anything that causes him regret, it is that he did not make it to his homeland. He asks to be buried in a place from where the peaks of the Caucasus are visible.
Mtsyri's fate is natural, because he threw himself into big world without any preparation, recognizing him as he wandered. He protested against the oppression of the individual, but his protest was chaotic, and his goals were illusory and ill-conceived. He tried to lean on the wild nature within him, but wildlife dark and deadly, full of blind chance. The Mtsyri tragedy is a tragedy of spontaneous protest, clear example for everyone who tries to rebel against current situation things without a clear understanding of why he is doing it. A clear understanding and awareness of one’s actions is a human privilege.
We will look at the image of Mtsyri in the poem by M.Yu. Lermontov. Mtsyri's poem describes the fate of a young novice imprisoned in a monastery against his will. Mtsyri's concepts and views are opposite to the conditions in which he lived his whole life. His love of life, desire for freedom, ardor of character contrast clearly with the religion of the monks, who deny not only the free human spirit, but also any earthly joys.
Mtsyri image of the main character
Mtsyri grew up among those who did not understand him. There was not a single person with whom he could have a heart-to-heart talk who would support him. But nothing could break this strong in spirit young man. Despite the lack of like-minded people, he decided to escape. Escape in search of a homeland.
These few days of freedom occupy the main part of the work. The same as in Mtsyri’s soul. For maximum sincerity and emotionality, the author “handed over” the narrative into the hands of the hero.
Mtsyri, having finally found himself free, showed his strength and inflexibility of character. Not knowing at all where his homeland was, he still did not give up in spirit and searched.
True to his goal, he resisted the temptation to follow the beautiful Georgian woman and continued his hard way. Even in last minutes throughout his life, Mtsyri did not deviate from his convictions and asked to be buried in the garden, in freedom.
When the author came up with the idea for this work, he himself was living in lockdown. Thus, through the hero, he expressed his thoughts, experiences, and expressed indignation at limiting himself to boundaries, conventional or material.
The image of Mtsyri in the poem by M.Yu. Lermontov
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Essay: an episode of a fight with a leopard and its role in revealing the character of Mtsyri
How does the image of the twelve Red Army soldiers change in A. Blok’s poem “The Twelve”?
The theme of the Caucasus has always been close to Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov; the nature and customs of this region delighted the poet. And the work in question embodied this love, and also reflected the romantic beginning in the writer’s work. And the image of Mtsyri in Lermontov’s poem “Mtsyri” became key and plot-forming.
The originality of Lermontov's creativity
Lermontov's work became a reflection of the romantic trend in literature. His hero is always alone and confronts the world. Early creativity different strong influence Byron, which was embodied in the idealization of the character. Later, the hero becomes original, acquires alienation, accompanied by tragic love, betrayal of friends and thoughts about eternity in solitude.
The tragedy of the poet's works lies in the invasion of harsh and cruel reality in inner world hero. The image of Mtsyri in Lermontov’s poem “Mtsyri” is largely built on precisely this confrontation. Like all the main characters of the writer, Mtsyri is characterized by aspiration, struggle with society, a desire to evolve and achieve his goal.
The loneliness of Lermontov's hero is an attempt to find peace of mind, come into harmony with the world, take a break from society and comprehend what is happening. Only when left alone with themselves can characters realize themselves.
Lermontov's work, like the poet's life itself, is very contradictory. He loved his homeland, but glorified the Caucasus; he was born into high society, but hated it. There are many such contradictions, and all of them are reflected in the writer’s works in one way or another.
The history of the poem
The idea to write about a young man languishing in a monastery and dreaming of escape came to Lermontov during his lyceum years. But, as Lermontov himself later wrote, at that time he was still at a crossroads and had not decided on his ideals. Therefore, the writer turned out something completely different from what he had in mind: the poems “Confession” and “Boyarin Orsha”. The image of Mtsyri in Lermontov’s poem had not yet been born.
After failures, the idea was forgotten and came back to life again during the first exile to the Caucasus. On the way, Mikhail Yuryevich passed by a monastery, where he met a monk. The conversation with him made a huge impression on the poet, and he again returned to the original idea.
Image of Mtsyri
Lermontov's poem "Mtsyri" sets out the history last days the life of a young man who, while still a boy, was captured and left in the care of the monks. The main questions that are raised in the poem are the meaning of life, the inexorability of fate, and human freedom. The young man, risking his life, escapes from his place of captivity to gain freedom and return home. The years have not been able to try him on in a foreign land and imprisonment.
A prisoner who is ready to fight for freedom to the last, embodying courage, dignity, bravery - this is the image of Mtsyri in Lermontov’s poem. The essay (8th grade) should help schoolchildren realize the strength of the human spirit and its ability to fight.
The method of presentation in the poem is indicative. Talking about the boy's entire life, Lermontov fits into just one chapter, but the description of three days of wandering takes up almost the entire rest of the work. Thus, the author points out the significance of the events, their fate for the main character.
The image of Mtsyri in Lermontov’s poem “Mtsyri” embodies incredible strength character and spirit. He strives for his goal - to return to his homeland, and nothing can stop him. The young man does not know the road, but he walks; he is tormented by hunger, thirst, and fatigue, but these are no reasons to stop. The girl, for whom Mtsyri feels a certain sympathy, is also left behind, since the hero remembers his goal. Even serious wounds left by the leopard do not take away the hope of getting home.
Even dying and realizing that he was going in the wrong direction, Mtsyri does not regret his action. Because only these three days of freedom were for him real life. Part of the features of the author himself are contained in the image of Mtsyri in Lermontov’s poem. According to the plan, analyzing this work, you can find many similar features, for example, the desire for freedom, the struggle with the usual existence.
Essay plan
In all school programs there is a written work on the topic “The Image of Mtsyri in Lermontov’s Poem.” Composition, summary which can be taken from the material presented by us, is always written according to a specific, clearly defined plan. The main points of such a plan are as follows:
- Lermontov's ideal hero: give brief description those traits that the writer always endowed with his heroes.
- from Mtsyri: bring brief description romanticism and list the characteristics of a romantic hero.
- Why Lermontov created just such a hero: characterize social problems, which forced the poet to fight for freedom.
Alternative essay plan
You can take another structure as a basis for written work on the topic “the image of Mtsyri in Lermontov’s poem.” An essay (8th grade), written according to the plan below, will also fully reveal the problems of the work:
- The childhood of the main character: it will help to understand the origins of his character.
- Revealing Mtsyri's personality through a description of three days in freedom: in the way the hero talks about his newfound freedom, the most important qualities his character.
- How is the hero close to Lermontov?
Conclusion
The image of Mtsyri in Lermontov's poem is thus plot-forming. It is no coincidence that the idea of creating a work originated with the poet during his student years, when he himself lived behind bars. Lermontov embodied in his hero his own aspirations for freedom and the desire to fight for it to the end.
