Target:
- arouse interest in the problem ecological crisis on Earth and the consequences of human activities;
- to form an emotionally positive attitude towards the world around us, to understand its states from human actions;
- cultivate a love of nature
Tasks:
- develop children's coherent speech; intensify lexicon children (names of planets, cosmic bodies);
- develop children's imagination in art activities through various art materials; develop Creative skills children;
- develop the ability to work in pairs
Material: globe, photographs, albums, markers, wax crayons, colored pencils, hoops.
Approximate move:
I.Organizational part. Sketch "My mood".
II.Situational conversation, conversation “Our Planet”
Educator: Why do we have good mood? (We are surrounded by the sky, nature, sun, people). What unites us all residents on different points Earth? (We live on the same planet).
Educator: Children, today we will talk about our planet. The planet we live on is called Earth. Our planet is a huge, enormous ball. She is very beautiful! This was reported by astronauts who saw it from space through the windows of a spaceship. Such a sparkling blue ball (the teacher circles the globe)! Why is our planet called blue? (Because on planet Earth more water than sushi). (View photos).
III.Guessing riddles.
This yellow star
Always warms us
Lights up all the planets
Protects from other stars.
I walk across the sky at night,
I dimly illuminate the earth.
I'm very bored alone
And my name is... (moon)
There are miracles on the planet;
Oceans and forests
There is oxygen in the atmosphere
People and animals breathe it
Educator: Soon we will go to space trip to the planets of the solar system. What is the solar system? ( solar system consists of the sun and celestial bodies, orbiting around it, these are 9 planets with their satellites, as well as asteroids, comets and meteorites).
IV.Physical education minute. Game “Fast rockets are waiting for us”
Fast rockets are waiting for us
For walks on the planets
Whichever one we want
We'll fly to this one
But there is one secret in the game
There is no room for latecomers
One, two, three - run.
(Children run in hoops in groups of 3).
What planets have you landed on, and what other planets do you know? I suggest you return to our planet.
One, two, three - run.
V.Problem situation “The planet is in danger.”
Educator: So we arrived. Oh, look guys, someone left us a letter. I wonder what it says.
« Help, help. Our planet is in danger. Save our planet! »
Guys, how can we help you? After all, we are still small, but the planet is huge. (Children's answers)
VI.Artistic creativity (Drawing).
Educator: I suggest you come up with environmental signs to save the planet, with these signs we will turn to adults and ask them to save our planet.
Pupils are divided into pairs (triples), agree, and complete the task. The teacher gives the right to choose the material (gouache, paints, crayons, pencils, etc.) It is expected to create problematic situation– one of the children remains outside the team. Pupils solve the problem independently (take additional person to the team)
VII.Exhibition of children's works.
After completing the task, the guys look at the work and tell them what their sign means. After which the signs are placed at a mini-exhibition.
Educator:
There is one planet - a garden
In this cold space.
Only here the forests are noisy,
Meeting migratory birds
It's the only one they bloom on
Lilies of the valley in green grass
And dragonflies are only here
They look into the river in surprise.
Take care of your planet
After all, there is no other one like it.
Preview:
Russian Federation
The Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)
Municipal preschool educational institution"Seven-flowered flower"
Berkakit village, Neryungri district
678990, Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), Neryungri district, Berkakit village, Basharina st., no. 5.
Lesson summary in the cognitive area (regional component)
Topic: “A corner of the planet, where we live”
Prepared by:
Teacher Leskova A.A.
“A corner of the planet, where we live”
Goal: Implementation regional component by introducing children senior group with the native land.
Tasks:
Educational objectives: Expand and consolidate children’s knowledge about nature native land, culture, life of the indigenous peoples of the North; consolidate children’s knowledge about the animal world of Yakutia, form an initial idea of the “Red Book of Yakutia”, about some birds and animals listed in the Red Book.
Developmental tasks: learn to maintain a conversation about nature, express your point of view, reason and give the necessary explanations, develop coherent speech, memory, thinking, the ability to reason, draw conclusions; develop independence.
Educational: to cultivate a caring attitude towards nature, a desire to take all possible part in its conservation and protection. Activate children's vocabulary (Red Book, reserve).
Progress of the lesson:
Guys, look how many guests are in our hall, let's say hello to them.
Eberde (hello).
Guys, today I invite you to a tour of the museum.
Educator: What is the name of the person who conducts the excursion?
Children: Tour guide.
Let's remember the rules of behavior in the museum.
Children: Don't talk. Do not touch the exhibits with your hands.
Don’t be naughty, listen carefully, answer questions fully, move quietly.
Guide: Well done, then let's start our excursion.
Let's go to the map. Tell me, what is the name of our country?
Children: Russia.
Guide: That's right, is our country big or small?
Children: Big.
Guide: Of course it’s big, and that’s why our country was divided into many Republics.
Guide: Guys, there is such a concept as “small Motherland”, how do you understand what “small Motherland” is? Small Motherland– this is the place where you were born, where your parents live. This is your village where you study or visit kindergarten. This is our Republic. Guys, tell me, what is the name of our republic?
Children: Sakha Yakutia.
Guide: Look at the map of Russia. Our Yakutia occupies quite large territory and is the largest region of Russia. (The teacher moves a pointer along the border of Yakutia).
Now let's look at the map of Yakutia.
What can you see on the map?
Children: Rivers, seas, cities.
Guide: What cities of Yakutia do you know?
Children: Yakutsk, Mirny, Aldan, Lensk and of course ours hometown- the city of Neryungri!
Guide: Guys, Yakutia is a very multinational republic, among large quantity nationalities there are representatives of indigenous peoples of the Sakha Republic.
Root people-people, who lived on these lands for a long time.
The indigenous peoples of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) include:
Yakuts, Dolgans, Evenks, Evens, Yukaghirs, Chukchi.
Guide: Let's go and see how the indigenous peoples of Yakutia live.
The home of the Yakuts was a booth or chum - a hut made of poles in the shape of a cone, covered with birch bark, felt or reindeer skins; The booth is the winter home of the Yakuts, the summer home of the Yakuts is called urasa (examination of the home).
Since the 20th century the Yakuts began to buildhuts .
And now I suggest you and I watch a video about the culture and life of the peoples of the north.
- A collapsible dwelling - a tent - is adapted to the conditions of a nomadic lifestyle. In the center of the chum they used to light a fire, now they light an iron stove.
- Men are engaged in fishing, hunting, and raising deer. Deer have great value for the people it is also transport for moving across the vast expanses of Yakutia. Deer skins are used to insulate homes, as well as to make clothing and national Yakut footwear - high boots. Deer meat is used for cooking.
- Women prepare food, raise children, and embroider beaded patterns on fur clothing. Clothes are decorated with appliqués in the form of geometric patterns.
- Currently National clothes more often used as a holiday. Only nomadic reindeer herders dress in clothes made of reindeer fur, which are best adapted to the harsh northern climate.
- The folklore of the peoples of the North is diverse:
ceremonial (ritual);
song,
dance
- Yakut national instruments are drum, tambourine,
kyryimpa - string instrument with bow and khomus.
Guide: Yakutia is a special, extraordinary region. A lot grows here different trees and berries. Let's remember what trees and berries grow in Yakutia.
Go to the table, take the cards and name what is shown on them?
Children: pine, spruce, birch. Cedar, red rowan, willow, aspen, bird cherry.
Children: blueberries, cranberries, lingonberries, currants, honeysuckle.
Guide: Attach your cards to our map.
Guide: The forests of Yakutia are home to many different animals and birds. Let's come up and look at them (children are offered stuffed birds and animals to look at).
- Capercaillie - a large bird, it can be identified by its bright red eyebrows. The capercaillie prefers remote places in forests. These birds also love swamps, which are rich in a variety of berries. Spring mating is typical for this bird.
Let's listen to the wood grouse talking.
- And this bird is a nutcracker.
The bird fully justifies its name - “nutcracker”: in the taiga it feeds almost exclusively on cedar nuts, which its beak, well adapted for this purpose, helps it get from the cones. They peck nuts down to the last grain, stuff their crops with nuts, and then hide them in remote corners of the forest.
The cedar population largely depends on the number of this bird. That's how useful the activity of this little bird is! Listen to the voice of this bird.
- Do you recognize this bird? It's a Woodpecker- a small bird. What can you tell about this bird? The beak is sharp and durable. He breaks through tree bark to find insect houses. They have very long tongue, and all so that you can get your own food. Let's listen to his voice too.
- Lapwing bird . There is a crest on the head. These birds are very mobile, they run deftly and quickly among the grass. When a person or animal appears in a meadow or field, several birds immediately fly up to meet each other, shouting “whose are you, whose are you.” For Agriculture The lapwing bird brings great benefits by destroying insect pests.
Now let's look at some animals living in the forests of Yakutia.
- Bear . The largest predatory animal in our forests. A bear sleeps in a den in winter. Educator: Why does the bear sleep in winter?
Children: In winter, it is difficult for a bear to find food.
Guide : How does he sleep all winter and eat nothing?
Children: The bear eats a lot in the fall, and fat accumulates under its skin.
- And this clumsy in appearance, but very fast, strong and dexterous predator - wolverine. Omnivorous predator - feeds on hares, birds, rodents, fish, berries. Despite great strength, strong teeth and sharp claws, the main weapon is an unpleasant smell, which no animal can withstand, so no one attacks the wolverine. And we will move on.
- This is a fox. A fox does not change its fur coat in winter. Why do you think the fox needs such a fluffy tail? The tail warms you and covers your tracks.
The little fox knows - the fox, all its beauty is in its fur coat. Guys, what do you think a fox eats?
Who is the fox sniffing out under the snow? The fox is hunting for mice. In winter, life in the forest freezes and mice – voles – become the fox’s main food. A fox mouses - this means it hunts mice.
- Hare - the hare digs a hole in the snow in winter; in winter it is white, and in summer its fur is gray. It feeds on grass, tree bark, and bush branches. The hare is saved from predators by its fast legs and keen hearing.
Guys, I propose to tell a poem about this animal.
Guide: Now let's play a game“Find the extra animal and birds”.
Among the pictures you need to find extra animals or birds and say why they are extra.
(Hare, fox, wolf, arctic fox, brown bear, reindeer, tiger, koala, hippopotamus)
Tiger, koala,......, are superfluous, since they do not live in Yakutia. Well done!
Then select the animal that lives in Yakutia and attach it to the map.
Now let's look at our map. How beautiful she has become.
Guide: Guys, you know, there are still a lot of animals that live in Yakutia and some of them are included in this book. Do you know what this book is called? It’s the Red Book. It contains all the animals and plants that are in danger of dying. There are very few of them left on Earth!
– Who can tell us how we can help animals that are in danger of dying?
Children: They must be protected! They need help. Ban hunting, we need to feed them, don’t destroy their nests.
Guide: That's right, and alsoNature reserves have been created to protect rare animals and plants. A reserve is an area of nature that is protected. You cannot hunt, fish, or cut down trees on its territory. We have many nature reserves in Yakutia.
And now I invite you to play the game “Polar Owl and Eurasians”.
Goal: to develop agility, endurance, and develop speed skills.
The polar owl is in the corner of the area or room. The rest of the players are Europeans.
To the quiet, rhythmic beats of a small tambourine, the little Eurasians run around on the playground; when the loud blow of a tambourine hits, the Eurasian Eurasians stand in a column and do not move. The polar owl flies around the hemlocks and takes the one who moves or stands still with him. At the end of the game (after three or four repetitions), those players who distinguished themselves with greater endurance are noted.
Rules of the game: Loud knocks should not sound long time. Children must react quickly to changing impacts.
Guide: And guys, I want to tell you about the northern miracle, the northern lights. You know what the northern lights are - they're a stunning light display on Earth, a sparkling, multi-colored glow in the sky.
The Northern Lights can only be seen in the southern and northern polar regions Earth. You can see the northern (aurora) lights in winter, when the weather is clear (show a video about the aurora).
Questions for children:
- What is the name of the region in which we live?
- What is our region rich in?
- What measures have been taken to protect the nature of our region?
- What do the indigenous peoples of the Sakha Republic do?
Guide : “Today you and I continued our acquaintance with the region in which we have lived since birth, we learned how huge, endless, rich it is, many different peoples live in it. Although our region is harsh, the nature is very beautiful.
Guide : And in conclusion, let's listen to the poem that our guys will tell. "Beloved Land" (author Tatyana Demina)
- The sun is shining over the taiga,
The river roars in the depths,
And the wind blows across the sky
Golden clouds.
- The clumsy bear walks
Crumples green leaves
Deer wander through the bushes,
They pinch moss and grass.
- I love your open spaces
Yakut land, native land,
Where are the forests, fields and mountains.
They captivate with beauty.
- Always be so beautiful
Shine like a bright star,
Yakut land, beloved land
Live forever in memory!
Goodbye.
korsүөkhhe dieri. ( Korsүөkhhe dieri)
Target: give children the idea that the planet - Earth - is a huge ball ( most of The globe is covered with water and oceans. Besides water there are continents - solid ground- land where people live).
Tasks:
Foster love and respect for the Earth and its inhabitants
To develop the concept of “outer space” in children
Progress of the lesson:
Teacher:
Our home is ours, ours common Home
The land where you and I live!
Just look around:
Here is a river, there is a green meadow,
You can't get through the dense forest.
You won't find water in the desert!
And somewhere there is a mountain of snow,
And somewhere it’s hot even in winter.
We can’t count all the miracles,
They have one name:
Forests, and mountains and seas -
Everything is called Earth!
And if you fly into space,
You're from the rocket window
You will see our blue ball!
Favorite planet!
Let's look at the model of our planet together! What do we call the model? globe? (Globe!)
In ancient times, people believed that the Earth was huge and flat, like a pancake or a plate, and that it was possible to reach the edge of the Earth. There were brave souls who dreamed of getting to the edge of the Earth and seeing what was there at the edge of the Earth, and whether it was possible to fall from it. They set off on foot, or on horseback, or by ship.
Those people who traveled on foot or on horseback reached sooner or later big water sea or ocean and believed that their journey was over: here it is, the edge of the Earth, and there is nothing further than water. But there were also people who, having reached the seashore, boarded a ship and continued their journey.
Many years have passed, and now brave sailors under the command of the Portuguese Ferdinand Magellan set off to trip around the world. Their sailboats, always moving in the same direction, circled the Earth and after 3 many years returned home with opposite side. Their voyage proved that the Earth is round.
Now let's travel with you.
We have small balls here, take them. We will also need markers. Now imagine that you are travelers and each of you is standing on top of a ball. Place the tip of a felt-tip pen there. Now yours the way will go all the time down. Move the marker down the ball and rotate the ball as the marker moves. If you carefully move the felt-tip pen in one direction, you will soon find yourself at the same point from where you started.
This is how our travelers became convinced that the Earth is a ball. What then surrounds the Earth?
And surrounds her huge space which is called outer space.
This space is not empty, it is filled cosmic bodies: stars, planets, comets and meteorites.
When the first cosmonaut Yuri Alekseevich Gagarin, while at the cosmodrome, was just preparing for the flight. The earth seemed huge and vast to him.
But, looking at it from space, he saw that it was not that big. On spaceship You can fly around it in 1.5 hours! And therefore, we earthlings must love and take care of our planet.
Well, now about the most important thing:
It's scary to look at our Earth.
The water is becoming cloudy every day.
And the air! How much dirt is in it?
Once pure, blue.
Now he is dirty and sick.
Every living thing can die
Earth, what did they do to you?
Let the sign of trouble mark us
Sick spots on the planet.
Our planet Earth is in danger. There are many sore spots on it. This happened because people built many plants, factories, power plants, stations. These enterprises pollute the air - it will be polluted by the smoke that comes out of the chimneys into the sky, and gases from cars. Waste from factories is discharged into rivers and seas and pollutes them; oil from tankers spills into the waters of seas and oceans during accidents. This is how our Earth is polluted. Animals and plants die from this pollution, people get sick (this is how our Earth gets polluted). Nature is dying. Our planet is in danger. She needs help.
Do you know the distress signal? I will tell you SOS.
This is a call for help. How can you and I help our planet?
To help her, we must learn to love nature, love it from childhood, learn to understand how all living beings live. This is what people – ecologists – do. Do you want to become young ecologists?
I will now show you two places in our country that need to be saved.
Far away in Siberia there is Lake Baikal. This is a very beautiful, deep lake. Now it is polluted. People not only in our country are thinking about how to save him.
In the south of our country there is the Aral Sea. There's another problem with him. Every year there is less and less water in it, it dries out. Now people are thinking about how to save him.
At home, talk to your parents about our city. Ask: is our city in danger or not? What threatens him? Tomorrow tell me whether we should put an SOS sign next to the name of our city.
Target: formation of a tolerant attitude towards one’s own ethnic culture and the culture of other peoples.
Tasks:
— enrich initial ideas about planet Earth, the people who inhabit it, and their equality;
- stimulate manifestation cognitive interest to the phenomena of planet Earth;
— build skills self-use acquired knowledge in gaming activities.
Equipment: projector, slides depicting the planets of the solar system, planet Earth, national flags different countries (Russia, America, Japan, Egypt), the nature of Russia, a globe, an audio recording of the song “We are the children of the Galaxy” (music by D. Tukhmanov, lyrics by R. Rozhdestvensky), printed board games “Who lives where?”, “Dress the doll”, flags of different countries, illustrations depicting the nature and animal world of Russia and other countries.
Progress of the lesson
Educator. Guys, librarian Lyudmila Nikolaevna turned to us for help. She asked for help in preparing and holding a holiday for little readers, dedicated to the Day Earth. She has already selected many books and encyclopedias with pictures for an exhibition about our planet. But the little readers who visit her library love to play different games and listen interesting stories! Lyudmila Nikolaevna knows that many children in our group traveled with their parents to different countries and can talk interestingly about what kind of people live there, what language they speak, and about the culture of these countries. Guys, do you agree to help the librarian? How can I help her?
Children. Together with your parents, you can come up with travel stories, bring our photo albums, talk about games, and the culture of different countries.
Educator. Well done, how well you came up with everything! I suggest making newspapers with your parents about your trip to the country you visited. And to make the newspapers interesting, let's remember everything you know about planet Earth today in class.
The teacher brings a globe to the group.
How many of you know what this is?
Children. This is a globe.
Educator. We have already looked at the map. And this is a globe. It is round, i.e. the same shape as the planet Earth on which we live. Globe is a model of the Earth. The word "globe" means ball. The image on the globe resembles the image on the map. The planets that make up the solar system revolve around the sun. (The teacher’s story is accompanied by a slide show showing the planets of the solar system through a projector.) The most beautiful of all planets is the Earth. This is what our planet looks like from space.
The teacher shows a slide with a picture of the Earth.
What does she look like?
Children. On the ball.
Educator. Planet Earth is a huge ball that rotates around the Sun and at the same time around its axis. The Earth flew around the Sun - a year has passed. I turned around and a day passed. Look at the globe. What color does it have the most?
Children. Blue.
Educator. You already know what the blue color on the map means. What?
Children. Water - seas and oceans.
Educator. Yes, indeed, this is water that surrounds the continents on all sides. And that’s why, when you look at our planet from space (pays attention to the slide), it appears blue. But the land is painted different colors. What does green mean?
Children. Forests, plains.
Educator. What about brown?
Children. Mountains.
Educator. But here there is a lot yellow color, what does this mean?
Children. There is a desert here.
Educator. On land there are blue spots and lines. What is this?
Children. Lakes and rivers.
Educator. You remember well everything that I told you when we got acquainted with the map. All people love and take care of their planet; many songs and poems have been invented about it. Listen to one of them.
Child
There is one garden planet
In this cold space.
Only here the forests are noisy,
Calling migratory birds,
It's the only one they bloom on
Lilies of the valley in the green grass,
And dragonflies are only here
They look into the river in surprise...
Take care of your planet -
After all, there is no other one like it!
Y. Akim
Educator. Try to find our country on the globe.
Children complete the task.
Well done, you showed it correctly on the globe. Russia is surrounded on all sides by other states. If you look at the globe, you will see that there are many countries on the continents, painted in different colors. Tell me, what countries do you know?
The children answer.
What countries did you travel to with your parents?
The children answer.
Now we will play a game during which you will remember that every country has its own main city, has its own flag.
Game "Get to know the country"
The teacher shows the flag of the country, names the continent on which it is located and the capital, and the children must guess it.
Russia - mainland Eurasia - capital Moscow.
Egypt - continent Africa - capital Cairo.
Japan - continent of Eurasia - capital Tokyo.
Ukraine - mainland Eurasia - capital Kyiv.
Educator. Guys, do you think the kids who will be at the library at the party will like this game?
Children. Yes.
Educator. Let's play a game that will remind you that nature is different in different countries.
Game "What's extra?"
The teacher shows the children four illustrations depicting the nature and animal world of Russia and other countries, for example, palm trees, elephants, giraffes, etc., grain, rice, cotton fields, etc. One of them does not apply to Russia. Children must say which picture is the odd one out and why they decided so.
The teacher shows slides depicting the nature of Russia.
Educator. Let's once again admire the beauty of Russian nature.
A child reads M. Isakovsky’s poem “Go beyond the seas and oceans...”.
Guys, there are many people living on Earth. They are distinguished by their skin color, which signifies their race. What races do you know?
Children. Caucasoid, Mongoloid, Negroid.
Educator. I suggest playing a game in which you will remember where people of different races live and how they differ in appearance from each other.
Game "Who Lives Where?"
Children are offered a map with parts of the world: Europe, Asia, Africa and cards with images of people of different races. You need to put the cards in the place on the map where they live. When completing the task, children, at the teacher’s suggestion, talk about the features appearance people of different races (skin color, eye color and shape, hair characteristics - color, softness, hardness, curliness).
Educator. Guys, listen to a poem that will remind you of how people living on Earth differ from each other.
Child
All the people in different countries
On all continents.
We say - so strange! —
Different languages.
I know the time will come.
I know the time will come:
- I'm your friend! - Vanya will say,
And John will understand.
And Vanya John will answer:
- I am your friend forever!
And everyone on the whole planet
They will understand them without difficulty!
A. Usachev
Children. They speak different languages.
Educator. Right! People are not only different races, but also of different nationalities. People of each nationality have their own language that they speak. Let's play a game.
Game "Guess the language"
The teacher names the nationality, and the children name the language spoken by its representatives.
Germans - German language.
The Chinese are Chinese.
The Japanese are Japanese.
Russians - Russian language.
Educator. Guys, how else do people differ from each other? different nationalities?
Children. They have different national costumes, their own songs, games, dances, and national dishes.
Educator. Right! People of different nationalities have their own folk songs, dances, crafts, musical instruments, i.e. It has its own culture, its own traditional cuisine. Guys, librarian Lyudmila Nikolaevna asked me to pick up Interesting games, with the help of which it will be possible to introduce young library readers to the culture of different countries. Do we have a game in our group that can introduce what different peoples wear different folk costumes?
Children. Yes.
Educator. What is it called?
Children."Dress the doll."
Game "Dress the doll"
Children are given paper dolls with distinct external features: skin color, hair, facial features (nationalities are spoken out) and several national costumes. Children must choose a costume for each doll and tell about its distinctive features.
Educator. Guys, do you want to play the American game “Five Little Monkeys”?
Finger game"Five Monkeys"
(carried out with musical accompaniment)
Five monkeys were jumping in the crib,
(The children do free movements hands with fingers spread, show the number “5”.)
One of them fell
(Children raise the index fingers of both hands (the rest are gathered into fists).
Head down.
(Touch their head with their index fingers and tilt it down slightly.)
Mom - on the phone.
(Pretend to dial a number on the phone dial.)
The doctor answers:
(Pretend to be holding the phone receiver.)
Stop the children from jumping, miss!
(While pronouncing the text, they threaten index finger right hand.)
Educator. Guys, did you like the game?
Children. Yes.
Educator. Let's tell Lyudmila Nikolaevna about her. Let her teach little readers how to play it. This fun game they will love it! And what other games of the peoples of the world do you know?
Children. “Salki” is Russian folk, “Salki in a circle” is African, “Lame duck” is Ukrainian, “Catch the dragon by the tail” is Chinese.
Educator. So we remembered that people of different countries have their own history and culture, every person loves and appreciates them. Why is it necessary to respect the culture of other peoples?
Children. Because all peoples take care of their culture, cultural heritage created by people themselves.
Educator. The culture of other peoples must be respected; it reflects all the values that are important for each country. I think that everything we talked about today in class will help you and your parents make interesting family newspapers about your travels to different countries. What games can we choose for Lyudmila Nikolaevna?
Children. “Find out the country”, “What’s extra?”, “Who lives where?”, “Guess the language”, “Dress the doll”, “Five monkeys”.
Educator. I would like to end today’s lesson with a wonderful song about planet Earth.
An audio recording of the song “We are the children of the Galaxy” (music by D. Tukhmanov, lyrics by R. Rozhdestvensky) is played.
Goals:
- Deepen the understanding that planet Earth is a huge ball, most of which is covered with water. In addition to water, there are continents - solid land - land where people live.
- Introduce children to scientific version formation of continents on planet Earth, with symbols land, water on maps and globes, with the names and location of continents on the map.
- To bring to an understanding of the uniqueness of our planet, since only on Earth there is life.
- To foster a desire to protect our Earth.
- Encourage children to make inferences based on available information.
- Develop imagination, associative and creative thinking.
- Improve dialogic and monologue forms of speech.
Materials and equipment:
Large image of parts of the world (continents), globe, physical map world, map “Solar System” (for children), poster “Solar System”, didactic picture “All Earth”, paintings depicting various peoples inhabiting planet Earth, apple, top.
Progress of the lesson
On the central wall of the hall hangs a large panel depicting the globe. On the side wall there are: an old map, a map of the earth before Cook’s discovery, a physical map of the world, a poster “Solar System”. Books about planet Earth, about Space, slides and illustrations “The Universe”, “Peoples of the World” are laid out on tables near the wall.
Children enter.
The Russian melody sounds folk song“Motherland” (“I see wonderful freedom”).
Teacher. Good afternoon, my young friends! Guys, we live in a country that has amazing beautiful name- Russia. Our Motherland is great! It spreads freely from the snows and ice of the Far North to the southern seas, from Baltic Sea to the Pacific Ocean. This is a huge state!
You and I have made many interesting and exciting trips around our native country. What did you see around you and learn?
Children. Russia has high mountains, deep rivers, deep lakes, dense forests and endless steppes.
Children. There are small rivers, light birch groves, sunny meadows, ravines, swamps and fields.
Teacher. We are proud of our great Russia, its diverse nature, rich mineral resources, and especially its hardworking and talented people, inhabiting it. But there are other countries in the world where the same people live, but they speak different languages. And we all have a common home. If you guess the riddle, you will find out its name:
No beginning, no end
No back of the head, no face.
Everyone knows, both young and old,
That our house is a huge ball.
Children. Earth.
Children. And people also say this: “She didn’t give birth to anyone, but everyone calls her mother.”
Teacher. What do you know about our planet? What is it like, Earth?
Children. Our planet is a huge, enormous ball. So big that it takes many, many days, even months, to travel around it.
Children. She's round like an apple. The Earth revolves around the Sun, like an airplane around a turret. Moreover, it itself rotates around its own axis, spinning like a top, only slowly.
Children. The Earth is a satellite of the Sun. She is much smaller than the sun. Together with our planet, eight other planets revolve around the Sun.
Children. But only on our Earth there is life.
The teacher approaches a poster depicting the Solar System and invites the children to find our home - Earth - among these planets.
The child finds and shows.
Teacher. Who wants to show our home planet on a star map?
Children show.
Teacher. How did you know that this was Earth?
Children. Our planet is blue.
Teacher. Why is she blue?
Children. There is a lot of water on Earth.
Children. When astronauts look at our planet from space, it appears to them as a luminous ball of beautiful blue color.
Teacher. Well done boys! Why do you think there is life on Earth?
Children. On Earth there is water to drink and air to breathe.
Teacher. Right. Water and air are necessary for all living organisms.
My friends! But have people always had this knowledge? It turns out not. But how did they imagine the Earth they lived on? Very different. Their ideas seem fantastic, fabulous, implausible to us today. Let's see how they painted our world.
Demonstration of illustrations.
Children. In ancient times, people thought that the Earth was huge and flat, like a pancake or a plate, and that you could reach the edge of the Earth.
Children. Some said that it was supported by three huge whales that swam in the ocean.
Children. Others argued that the flat Earth is supported by three elephants, elephants stand on the back of a huge turtle, and the turtle swims in the ocean...
Children. There were even daredevils who dreamed of getting to this edge and seeing what was there, at the edge of the Earth, and whether it was possible to fall from it.
Children. People set off on foot, or on horseback, or by ship.
Teacher. And did they get to the ends of the Earth?
Children. No. As soon as they reached the sea or ocean, they believed that their journey was over: this was the end of the Earth. Then there is nothing else but water.
Teacher. Children, but there were also people who, having reached the seashore, boarded a ship and continued their journey. These sailors finally became convinced that when they set off from some place and always move in the same direction, for some reason they return to where they started their journey. “Why is this happening?” - people thought. Yes, because, suddenly someone realized that the Earth is not flat as a pancake. No, it's round like a ball.
Teacher. The time of great sea voyages played a big role in understanding our world. The first trip around the world was made by the sailor-traveler Magellan on five ships. For three years his ships sailed forward and forward, without changing direction and checking their path by the stars. Four ships were lost in the rough ocean waters. And only one ship called “Victoria” circled the Earth and returned to the port on the other, opposite side. So people realized how big our Earth is, and they proved that the Earth is a ball and can be driven around it.
Showing illustrations of sailing ships.
Teacher. Why did people in ancient times have the wrong idea about the structure of our world?
Children. In ancient times, people could not move long distances on earth. After all, there were no roads, no ships, no trains, no planes. Therefore, no one was able to reach the “ends of the earth” to check the stories about whales, elephants, and turtles.
Physical education minute. Music is playing.
The teacher reads the riddle, the children perform the following movements:
Someone in the morning, slowly, (Walk in place.)
Inflates a yellow balloon (Children blow and spread their hands.)
And how do you let go of it - (Raise your hands up, clap.)
It will suddenly become light all around. (Turns to the sides.)
What kind of ball is this?
Children (in unison). Sun.
Teacher. Friends, what then surrounds the Earth? And it is surrounded by a huge space, which is called outer space, or outer space. This space is not empty, it is filled with various cosmic bodies - stars, planets, comets and meteorites.
Above the Earth there is a huge ocean of air - the atmosphere, and every day, every hour, every minute, without noticing it, we “swim” in it. And passers-by on the street, and cats, and dogs, and pigeons, and even trams and trolleybuses “swim” in this ocean. It is very important for our life. You and I breathe air, animals, birds and plants breathe - all living things on earth cannot do without it. And if this ocean disappeared, then our Earth would become a lifeless planet in just a few minutes. Air envelope The Earth is her amazing blue “shirt”. In such a “shirt” our planet does not overheat from the sun’s heat, nor does it get cold from the cosmic cold, like, for example, the Moon and the planet Mercury. The air shell is a battle chain mail that protects the Earth from space “projectiles” - meteorites. Another one important work air ocean - monitor the climate on our planet, transport cold air to the south, warm air to the north. And only thanks to the air shell - the atmosphere on Earth, the only planet in the entire solar system, life exists.
Children, how before people have you ever imagined what heaven is?
Children. When people thought the Earth was flat, they thought that during the day it was covered with a blue cap - the sky along which the Sun moves. And at night some huge giant covers it with a black cap. Only this cap is full of holes; there are many small holes in it through which light enters the Earth.
Teacher. These holes are the stars. Only later did people realize that stars are something completely different. How many of you know what stars are?
Children's answers.
Teacher. That's right, stars are huge fireballs. Why do they seem so small to us?
Children. They are very far from us.
Teacher. Which star is closest to us?
Children. This is our star - the Sun.
Children. It gives our planet light and warmth, without it there would be no life on Earth.
“Cosmic” music sounds.
Children and their teacher stand in a circle. In the middle of the circle is a large image of the All-Earth (made from pieces fastened on the inside).
Teacher. Many millions of years ago the Earth was a huge continent. As a result of natural disasters, this continent began to collapse, large and small pieces began to separate from it.
The teacher removes the fastenings from the All-Earth model. Children end up with large and small pieces of “sushi” on their hands. Upon careful examination, children recognize the outlines of them. modern continents and islands.
Children are invited, looking at a physical map of the world, to independently lay out continents and islands on blue matter that represents the ocean.
Children look at the continents and name them.
Children. Africa, America, Australia, Europe, Asia, Antarctica.
The teacher shows them on the globe.
Teacher. What is a globe?
Children. A globe is a tiny model of the globe. It depicts what is on the real Earth: oceans and land.
Teacher. You see that the globe rotates around its axis. (Rotates the globe.) The Earth rotates in the same way. The Earth exposes the Sun to one side or the other. So they say: “Day and night - a day away!”
The continents are inhabited by animals, they grow various plants, different peoples live. The teacher shows illustrations, books, posters. Offers to listen to V. Orlov’s poem “Common House”.
Child.
Under one blue
We live under a common roof.
House under a blue roof
Both spacious and big.
The house is spinning near the sun,
To keep us warm
So that every window
It could illuminate.
So that we can live in the world,
Without being scared, without threatening,
How good neighbors
Or good friends.
Teacher. The earth is not only land, but also oceans and seas. Guys, what is more on the globe – water or land?
Children's answers.
Teacher. Children, imagine that the Earth is an apple.
The teacher peels the apple, leaving approximately one-fifth of the peel.
Teacher. This will be the land, and everything else will be rivers, lakes, seas, oceans. Thus, you see that land occupies a small part of the Earth. Maybe you know the names of some seas and oceans?
Children's answers.
The teacher shows the seas and oceans on the globe, then shows slides “Planet Earth”.
Teacher. Our planet Earth is beautiful and amazing. As long as a person lives, he always, throughout his life, admires its beauties and comprehends its secrets and mysteries.
The earth is our common home for everyone who lives on it. Everyone needs it, and everyone who lives on it also needs the Earth. We have a common roof over our heads - blue sky. There is a common floor underfoot - earth's surface, we have one lamp and stove for everyone - the Sun. We have a common water supply and a wind-driven fan.
The music of Yu. Chichkov “Scherzo” is playing.
Children put on hats of insects, birds, and animals. A musical composition is performed, children dance and pretend to be animals. The composition ends with the children forming freely.
Children read poetry.
First child.
Our planet Earth is very generous and rich:
Mountains, forests and fields are our dear home, guys!
Second child.
Let's save the planet
There is no other like it in the world.
Let's scatter clouds and smoke over it,
We won’t let anyone offend her.
Third child.
We will take care of birds, insects, animals.
This will only make us kinder.
Let's decorate the whole earth with gardens, flowers...
All children.
We need such a planet!
Music by Erio Mariconi “Raindrops”.
Teacher.
Our native home, our common home -
The land where you and I live!
Just look around:
There is a river here, a green meadow there.
You can't get through the dense forest,
You won't find water in the desert!
And somewhere there is a mountain of snow,
And somewhere it’s hot in winter...
They have one name:
Forests, and mountains, and seas -
Everything is called Earth!
Literature
- Levitan E.P. Kids about stars and planets. – Petrozavodsk: Krugozor, 1995.
- Levin B., Radlova L. Astronomy in pictures. – M.: Children's literature, 1967.
- Grizik T. Exploring the world. – M.: Publishing House “Education of Preschool Children”, 2004.
- Skorolupova O.A. Conquest of space. – M.: Publishing House Scriptorium 2000 LLC, 2003.
- Klushantsev P.V. What did the telescope tell you? – L.: Children's literature, 1980.
