Spelling of the suffix an. Spelling of adjective suffixes, n, nn

Teacher's comments on the material being studied

Н and НН in adjectives formed from nouns

The choice of N or NN in adjectives formed from nouns is determined by which word and with the help of which suffix the adjective was formed.

Rat poison; living room; remarkable nature.

Find out from which noun the word is formed.

The rule also applies to short adjectives (road).

Rat poison - rat(s) + .

Living room - guest + .

Remarkable nature - .

N and NN in full verbal adjectives and participles

Dried laundry; crazy speed; sold product.

In full verbal adjectives and participles, NN is written when any of the conditions noted below are present.

Writing conditions NN:

3) the word contains -OVA- / -EVA-:

Exceptions:

4) the word is formed from a perfect verb (question what to do?):

settled matter ( decide- owls V.).

Exception:

Н and НН in short verbal adjectives and short participles

She is modest and well-mannered...a; she was brought up in a boarding school; she is always collected..and organized..and.

She is modest and well-mannered - this is a short verbal adjective.

She was raised in a boarding school - this is a short communion.

She is always collected and organized - these are short verbal adjectives.

49. In the suffix -in- forming adjectives from nouns with the meaning of belonging or property, one is written n: geese n th, sparrows n th, donkeys n th.

Note. One n written in a noun guests n and I, which used to be an adjective: living room.

50. In the suffix -he N- n: division NN th, revolutionary NN th, constitution NN th.

51. In the suffix -enn- forming adjectives from nouns, two are written n: production NN th, celebration NN th, kinship NN th, straw NN th, cranberries NN th.

Note 1: Adjective in the wind n th written with one n . Prefixed adjectives formed from the word wind, written with two n: no wind NN th, in the wind NN th, downwind NN th etc. Adjectives should be distinguished windy(with suffix -en- ) And wind(with suffix -yan- ). Suffix -en- written in adjectives meaning " with the wind": windy weather, windy summer, as well as used in figurative meaning: windy girl, flighty behavior; These adjectives have a short form: the weather is windy, the girl is flighty. Suffix -yan- used in adjectives meaning “driven by the wind”: windmill, wind turbine; these adjectives do not have short form. With suffix -yan- the name of the disease is also written: chicken pox (chickenpox).

Note 2. In the first basis compound adjectives spelled two n , if it is formed from an adjective with two n: machine-tractor station(station machine And tractor), carriage and locomotive fleet(a park carriage And locomotive). But if the first stem is formed from a noun with n , then it says one thing n: machine-building plant(factory by construction of machines), car repair plant(factory by wagon repair).

Note 3. Nouns on -Nick — -nitsa And -ness , formed from adjectives with two n , are also written with two n: morning NN th — morning NN IR, society NN th — society NN IR, revolutionary NN th — revolutionary NN awn, production NN th — production NN IR, tse NN th — tse NN awn, and those formed from adjectives with one n are also written with one n: hemp n th — hemp n IR, sand n th — sand n IR, Yu n th — Yu n awn.

Note 4. Nouns formed using suffixes are also written with two n -Nick — -nitsa from nouns with a stem on n: tribute — Yes NN IR — Yes NN itza, purse — Moshe NN IR — Moshe NN itza.

52. Full adjectives having two n , save them in a short form: tse NN th thing — thing NN A.

53. In adjectives formed from the names of months on l , no , ry , letter b remains: December b skiy, November b skiy, Jun b skiy, Jul b skiy, except for the word January.

54. Letter h before suffixes -sk- And -To- does not change: Frenchman h skiy, neither h cue.

55. To distinguish suffixes -To- And -sk- , we must remember that with the suffix -n- are formed qualitative adjectives, which have the short form ( short — low, narrow — narrow), and with the suffix -sk- — relative adjectives, which do not have a short form ( French, Kyrgyz, Circassian).

In adjectives, one letter N is written in suffixes -IN-, -AN-, -YAN-.

For example: swan(in the suffix -IN - one letter N is written) leather(in the suffix

-AN- one letter N is written) woolen(in the suffix -YANG- one letter N is written).

It is very easy to remember three suffixes in which one letter N is written. Need to know the first letter of the alphabet and the last - A and Z. We add one letter N to them and get suffixes - AN, IN, YAN .

You can learn a rhyme that will help you remember the suffixes of adjectives that are written with one letter N.

For adjectives long ago

Recorded in learned books,

When AN, IN, YAN, then N one

And no more surplus.

Suffix -IN- called “animal”. With the help suffix IN adjectives are formed from animate nouns, denoting animals, insects, birds.

MOUSE IN Y = MOUSE + IN

MOSQUITO IN YY = MOSQUITO + IN

NIGHTINGALE IN YY = NIGHTINGALE + IN

In adjectives MOUSE IN OH,MOSQUITO IN OH, NIGHTINGALE IN YY the “animal” suffix is ​​written - IN - with one letter N.

Suffixes - AN-, -YAN - written in adjectives denoting the material from which the object is made:

SKIN AN SKIN = SKIN + AN

SAND ANІ= SAND + AN

SILVER YANG YY = SILVER + YANG

WOOL YANG OH= WOOL + YANG

GLIN YANG Y = CLAY + YANG

Adjectives SKIN AN OH, SAND AN OH, SILVER YANG YY , WOOL YANG OH, GLIN YANGІY are written with one letter Н, since the suffix in them begins with the letters AND I .

You should remember three adjectives whose suffix begins with the letter Y, but the letters N are written in it not one, but two. These are the exception words: TREE YANN OH, TIN YANN OH, GLASS YANN YY.

The following riddle about WINDOW:

glass surface, wooden frame, pewter handle.

2. Two letters НН in adjective suffixes

Two letters N are written in adjectives whose suffixes begin with the letter O or E. For example, EDITORS HE N OH, TRADITION HE N OH, STRAW ENN OH, CRANK ENN YY.

Remember suffix - HE N- helps with NV UN - United Nations.

It is known that suffix - HE N- - UN fan.

It strives to be as similar to the UN as possible in everything. True, the difference between them is immediately noticeable: the suffix - HE N- two letters H, and his UN idol has two letters O.

Using the suffix - HE N -, in which two letters N are written, adjectives are most often formed foreign language origin . For example, COMMISSION HE N OH, EDITORIAL HE N OH, TRADITION HE N OH, REVOLUTION HE N YY

Two letters N are written in the suffix -ENN-.

Adjectives with the suffix - ENN- most often formed from nouns whose stem ends in several consonants: ARTS ENN OH, CRANK ENN OH, LIFE ENN OH, OGN ENN OH, SICK ENN YY.

There is an exception word in the Russian language, the suffix of which begins with the letter E, but the letters N are written in it not two, but one. This word is WINDY.

WINDY DAY

WINDY YOUTH

The word WINDY contains only one letter N!

However, if the prefix WITHOUT appears in the word WINDY, then according to the rule two letters N are written.

WINDLESS NIGHT (the word has a prefix)

Remember the spelling of words WINDY andWINDLESS The following poem helps.

Windy young man, windy day!

You can easily remember:

I always write only one N!

Windless morning, day or night!

Without applying the rules of knowledge,

Write two N without hesitation!

3. Two letters H at the junction of morphemes

Two letters N are written in adjective names formed using the suffix N from nouns with a stem starting with the letter N.

PLAIN = PLAINS N A+ N

LONG= DURATION N A+ N

TRUE= TRUE N A+ N

OUTSTANDING= DIKOVI N A+ N

PANCAKE = BLI N +N

The following poetic rule helps to write in an adjective double letter N.

Fog one has N,

But if the city became foggy,

Based on N and suffix N,

And it turns out NN,

Remember this case is strange.

4. Something to remember

There are several words in the Russian language that do not have the suffix N and suffer greatly from this. These words are often confused and the double NN is mistakenly written in them.

Remember: in words SINGLE, GREEN, SPICY, RUSH, YOUNG, PORK one letter N is written, which is part of the root.

5. Analyzing examples

Let's determine how many letters N are written in the following adjectives and why.

GUSINY(this word has an “animal” suffix -IN -, in which one letter N is written),

TELEPHONE(this adjective is formed from the noun TELEPHONE, the stem of which ends in the letter N. The suffix N is added. Therefore, we write the word TELEPHONE with two letters N),

STRAW(the suffix of this adjective begins with the letter E, so we write НН),

LINEN(the suffix of this adjective begins with the letter I and denotes the material from which the object is made, so we write one letter N),

WINDY(this is an exception word in which one letter N is written),

INFECTIOUS(the suffix of this adjective begins with the letter O, so we write НН),

GLASS(this is an exception word that is included in the riddle about the window; therefore we write NN).

6. Algorithm for writing N, NN in adjective suffixes

When choosing N, NN for writing in the suffix, you can use the algorithm.

Table 1. Algorithm for writing N, NN in adjective suffixes ()

7. N, NN in short adjectives

It should be remembered that in short names There are as many Ns written in adjectives as there are in full ones: traditional is traditional, smart is smart.

Bibliography

1. Russian language. 6th grade / Baranov M.T. and others - M.: Education, 2008.
2. Babaytseva V.V., Chesnokova L.D. Russian language. Theory. 5-9 grades - M.: Bustard, 2008.
3. Russian language. 6th grade / Ed. MM. Razumovskaya, P.A. Lekanta. - M.: Bustard, 2010.

1. ReferenceTable().
2. Presentation ().
3. Additional exercise ().

Homework

Task No. 1

Insert the missing letters Н or НН where necessary. Justify your answer.

Yu..y, yu..at, silver..y, aviation..y, long..yy, tin..yy, straight..yy, hurricane..yy, debatable..yy, swan..yy, wind..y, windy..oh, windless..yy, axy..yy, morning..yy, morning..ik, glassy..yy, toiler..yy, silver..yy, silver..ka, silverless..ik, family..oh, ice..oh, cranberry..oh, hemp..y, hemp..ik, sparrow..y, nightingale..oh, stirrup..oh, family..oh, Red Banner..y, triumphant..yy, vital..yy, old..yy, guest..aya, guest..itsa, butter..yy, butter..itsa, wind..itsa, va..aya, ple..y, whole..y, drunk..yy, zealous..yy, ruddy..yy, ruddy..yy, fiery..yy, sandy..yy, craft..yy, secondary..yy, retired..y, clay..yy, beastly..yy, offspring..yy, precious..yy, bully..yy, flat-headed..yy, half-dead..yy, wild..yy, not strong..yy, sheep..y, infectious..y, sympathetic..yy, seven-lined..yy, countless..yy, friendly..yy, oaty..yy, simultaneous..yy, ants..yy, car..yy, mouse..y, pig..oh, pig..a, firewood..ik, oil..ik, mal..ik, os..ik, ripple..ik, friend..ik, moshe..ik, windy..ik, side..ik, smart..y, ko..itsa, lee..yy, sandy..ik, travel..ik, vlasya..itsa, vish..ik, weathered..yy, kure..oh (ataman).

Task No. 2

Make the “silent” table speak: write down the necessary words in place of the gaps. Write out adjectives with the studied spelling from the poems.

1. He slept, all shining, in an oak manger,

Like a ray of moonlight in the hollow of a hollow.

They replaced him with a sheep's skin

Donkey lips and nostrils of an ox.

B. Pasternak

2. And the birch tree stands in so... silence,

And snowflakes burn in golden fire.

S. Yesenin

3. Do you love ice...oh January,

No wind, brutal cold.

And I am fierce February,

Blizzard, defiant drifting snow.

n n And NN

One letter n is written:

-in-, -an-, -yan-: (exceptions: );

Two letters n are written:

-n- n:

-me: .

-enn-, -onn-:

Note 1. The exception is the word windy -nn: windless, leeward.

Note 2. (oil buttery (wind windy(1) - with the wind; windy (salt– consisting of salt; salty- contains salt)

n

n

Note .

Denominal adjectives can have one letter n, or maybe two. Spelling n And NN in adjectives obeys certain rules.

One letter n is written:

a) in primitive adjectives, that is, not formed from other parts of speech: young, green, spicy, ruddy, porky, crimson;

b) in adjectives with suffixes -in-, -an-, -yan-: animal, sand, silver(exceptions: glass, tin, wood);

Two letters n are written:

a) in adjectives formed using a suffix -n- from nouns whose stem ends in n: autumn, temporary, lunar, valuable;

b) in adjectives formed from nouns in -me: nameless, seminal, stirrup.

c) in adjectives with suffixes -enn-, -onn-: courageous, straw, debatable.

Note 1. The exception is the word windy. However, adjectives with this root that have a prefix are written with -nn: windless, leeward.

Note 2. It is necessary to distinguish between words that are similar in meaning, but not identical, and therefore spelled differently: oil cooler - oily pancake(oil- consisting of oil, made with oil, working with oil; buttery- soaked, dirty, oiled); wind turbine - windy day, windy young man (wind- driven by wind; windy(1) - with the wind; windy(2) - frivolous, frivolous); salt pillar - pickled cucumber (salt– consisting of salt; salty- contains salt)

2. The short form of adjectives retains so many letters n, how many were in full form: the road is deserted (deserted), the apple is green (green). However, one should distinguish the short form of the adjective (nominal formation) from the short form of the passive participle and the short form of the verbal adjective.

3. In nouns formed from adjectives, the same amount is written n, how many are in the words from which they are derived: confusion (confused), contemporary (modern).

Note. The spelling of some words needs to be remembered: living room, hotel (gostiny dvor), worker, dowry.

24 – use of b and b signs in various functions

. Dividing ъ written after consonants before letters I, yu, yo, e, conveying combinations [ j] with vowels, in the following cases.

1. After prefixes ending in a consonant. Examples:

a) in words with Russian prefixes: non-nuclear, reveal, enraged, gnawed, worn out, interlingual, fed up, go around, departure, lift, pre-anniversary, present, disperse, detachable, eat, shrink, sarcastic, supernatural, super-capacious, super-bright;

Note. Letter ъ traditionally it is also written in the word flaw, Although from- is not a prefix in it.

b) in words with prefixes of foreign origin: counter-tier, post-nuclear, post-anniversary, subunit, sub-core, superyacht, trans-European.

Words of foreign origin with initial parts are also written ab-, ad-, dis-, in-, inter-, con-, ob-, sub-, which are prefixes in the source language, but are usually not distinguished as prefixes in the Russian language. These include: abjuration, adjective, adjectivation, adjunct, adjuctage, adjutant, disjunction, injection, injected, interjection, coadjutor, conjecture, conjugates, conjugation, conjunctiva, conjunctiva, conjunctivitis, conjuncture, conjunction, object, objective, subject, subjective.

2. B difficult words: and then initial parts two-, three-, four-, eg: two-anchor, two-capacity, three-core, four-tier; b) in words pan-European, courier.

Note. After the initial parts of compound words, a separator ъ Traditionally it is not written, for example: military specialist, state language, children, party cell, trade fair, special education, household unit, foreign language, Inyurkollegiya, Ministry of Justice.

3. Letter ъ It is also written when conveying foreign proper names and words derived from them (after letters conveying paired hard consonants), for example: Kizilyurt(city in Dagestan), Toryal(village in the Republic of Mari El), Guo Hengyu(Chinese personal name), Hengyang(city in China), Tazabagyab culture(archaeological), Jyväsjärvi(lake in Finland), Manyoshu(anthology of ancient Japanese poetry).

Note. In this case, the separating ъ also possible before the letter And , eg: Junichiro(Japanese name).

§ 28. In all cases, except those specified in § 27, after consonants before letters I, yu, yo, e, and , conveying combinations [ j] with vowels, a separating one is written b . Examples: ya : devil, yudyachiy, monkey, billiards, family, drunk, ears of corn, draw, shepherd's, Lukyan; yu : loach, interview, pour, family, drink, trot, fifty, sew, fut(interjection); yo : nightingale, gun, pouring, crow, serious, life, whose, sewing; ye : premiere, play, courier, entertainer, jam, calm, Vietnam, Fourier; yi : passerine, nightingales, pancakes, bearish, vary, articles, whose, Vigny.

Note. In some words of foreign language origin, the dividing b written before O (in words broth, guillotine etc.

25- spelling adverbs

Arecias with prefixes must be distinguished from similar nouns, adjectives and pronouns with prepositions: at first I didn’t understand, but: from the beginning of the year; the egg was hard boiled, but: in steep mountain; you will read it, then write it, but: behind that house.

Note. Combinations close in meaning to adverbs are written separately with prepositions: tirelessly, radically (to change everything), bluntly, in step (to walk), tightly, alone (works), to the edge, in general, point-blank, abroad, at home (assignment), nearby (lives), etc. If doubts arise about the merged or separate writing combinations of adverbial type must be looked up in a dictionary.

90. After the hissing adverbs at the end it is written ь, for example: jump up, wide open, all over.
Exceptions: I can’t bear to get married.

91. In adverbs with the prefixes from-, do-, s-, a is written at the end: long ago, red-hot, first (they originated from genitive case adjective or noun), and in adverbs with prefixes in-, on-, it will be written at the end o: left, to the left, dead (they came from accusative case).
Note. This does not include cases where u is clearly heard at the end, for example: foolishly.

92. At the end of adverbs after sibilants, under stress it is written about: fresh, hot, naked.
Exception: yet.

93. The hyphen is written:
1) in adverbs in -ski, -и, -mu with the prefix in-: in a comradely way, in a wolf way, in a new way, in my opinion, apparently, as before, in an empty way (as well as - Latin);
2) in adverbs firstly, secondly, thirdly, etc.;
3) in adverbs with something, -or, -something: somewhere, somewhere, somewhere, someday;
4) in adverbs formed by repeating words: a little, tightly, little by little.

Note 1. Adverbs in u, -enku, -onku with the prefix will be written together: equally, simply, for a long time, in vain, little by little, lightly.
Note 2 . Adverbs formed from people's names are written with lowercase letter: in Michurin style, in Suvorov style.

94.Adverbs why, why, because, therefore, why, are then written together, For example:

1) Why (why) didn’t he come? - I got sick, that’s why (therefore, that’s why) I didn’t come;

2) Why (why) is he worried? - He is worried then (because) that he might be late for the train.

95. In twelve adverbs neither and nor are written together: once, nowhere, nowhere, no where, no reason, never, nowhere, nowhere, nowhere, no way, not at all, not at all. With an accent it is written not, without an accent - neither.

96.Adverbs formed from adjectives with two ns retain these two ns: absent-minded person - looks absentmindedly, scared expression faces - looks scared.

Note. It is necessary to distinguish adverbs with two I from short passive participles with one me. Adverbs refer to verbs and serve as adverbs; short participles refer to nouns or pronouns and serve as predicates: spoke excitedly, the sea is agitated.

IN negative adverbs under stress it is written not, without stress - neither (in both cases the spelling is continuous). For example: never bothered with trifles - never bothered with trifles; in the summer there was nowhere to play - the children did not play anywhere; there was nowhere to wait for news - news came from nowhere.

26- spelling of negative and indefinite pronouns

To avoid mistakes when writing pronouns of these categories, you must remember two rules :

Pronouns with particles -TO, -OR, - ANYBODY and SOME- are written with a hyphen. For example: SOMEONE, SOMETHING, SOMEWHERE, SOMETHING. If the particle KOE- is separated from the pronoun by a preposition, then it is written separately, for example, KOME AT WHOM;
-in negative and indefinite pronouns the prefix is ​​NOT written under stress, and NI is written in an unstressed position. For example: SOMEONE - NOBODY, NOTHING - NOTHING. If NOT and NOR are separated from the pronoun by a preposition, then they must be written separately, for example: NOT WITH ANYONE, ABOUT ANYTHING.

27- spelling prepositions

28- spelling particles

1. Particles would (b), whether (l), same (f) written separately , except when they are part of whole words (so that, really, even it. P.).

2. Particles -that, -or, -something, something- (coy-), -yet, -ka, -de, -are written with a hyphen.

Particle some- (some-), separated from the pronoun by a preposition, written separately (with someone).

Particle -yes written with a hyphen only after adverbs (again) and verbs (I took it) in other cases - separately (he didn’t come; he built himself a dacha). Combination after all written in three words.

Particles as if, after all, they say and others, as well as combinations almost, just now etc. are written separately.