Spelling –Н- and –НН- in suffixes various parts speeches

This activity requires knowledge of how words are formed!

Clue. You can find information about them in task B1.

Rule.

Depending on the part of speech, the rule is divided into three parts.

Full adjectives and participles.

Remember! Both parts of speech in initial form answer the question: Which?

Remember!

Distinguish!

Short adjectives and participles.

To cope with this part of the rule, you need to know the signs of each part of speech.

Nouns and adverbs.

There are as many N written in adverbs as in the words from which they were formed:

looked beshe?o - beshe?yy (see part No. 1 of the rule: formed from the imperfective verb to enrage, without the prefix and suffixes -OVA/-EVA = besheNy = besheNo)

Remember!

Before you apply a rule, see if this word is an exception! These include:

MosheNNik harderNIR

tribeNNik pridaNoh

putNNIR

YesNNIR

lawlessnessNNitza

Algorithm of actions.

1. Determine what part of speech are the words in which –Н- or –НН- are missing. This is necessary in order to know which part of the rule to use.

2. Remember if this word is an exception.

3. Think about what word the words being analyzed are formed from.

4. Determine the spelling according to the rule.

Analysis of the task.

Which answer option correctly indicates all the numbers in whose place NN is written?

His manners were not simple, but rather sophisticated. In the labyrinth of crooked, narrow and feeble streets, people were always sneaking around. The drivers argued with the loaders that the car was underloaded (3).

1) 1,2 2) 1,3 3) 1,2,3 4) 1

Manners are (what?) sophistication(1). This is a short adjective as it can be replaced with the full form exquisite. Determine the spelling of the full form: exquisite derived from the verb find, in which there is a prefix from-. Thus, both in full and in short form we write two NN.

Weak(2)th (which?) streets. This full adjective, formed from an imperfective verb pave. The prefix ne- does not affect the spelling, there are no suffixes –OVA/-EVA, and there are no dependent words either. We write one N.

The machine is underloaded (3) (what has been done?). This is a short participle because it can be replaced with a verb underloaded. IN short participles one N is written.

Thus, correct option– answer No. 4.

Practice.

1. Which answer option correctly indicates all the numbers in whose place NN is written?

The house stood somewhat away from the forest; its walls here and there were renovated (1) with fresh wood, the windows were painted (2) white, a small porch on the side, decorated (3) with carvings, still smelled of resin.

Adjectives:

1) Adjectives with suffixes -an-, -yan-, -in- are written with one -n-: clay, silver, chicken. Exceptions: glass, tin, wood.

2) Adjectives with suffixes -onn-, -enn- written with two -n-: aviation, related.Exception : windy, oily.

3) In adjectives formed from the stem on -n using a suffix -n-, spelled two -n-:picturen -a + n th).

Participles and adjectives formed from verbs:

Two letters -n- are written in suffixes of full participles and adjectives formed from verbs:

1) if they have the prefix: everything is plowed, from boiled(But: with a mental boy, called brother);

2) if they have dependent words: Varennaya with milk;

3) if the word has suffixes -ova-, -eva-, -irova-: pickled, paved;

4) if the word is formed from an unprefixed verb of the perfect form (except wounded):deprived;

In short participles one is written -n-, and in adjectives - two (except for the form singular masculine). It is necessary to distinguish between full and short forms of passive past participles with suffixes -enn- And -nn- and adjectives formed from verbs. Compare:

well-mannered participle from the verb “to educate”; short form: brought up, brought up a, brought up o, brought up s And well-mannered adjective; short form: brought up, brought up, brought up, brought up.

How to distinguish? It’s possible according to the meaning, but it’s easier to try substituting the word ‘ more’:Masha was raised by her grandmother And Masha is well-mannered, polite and smart. As you can see, in the first case the substitution of the proposed word is inappropriate, but in the second it is quite possible. Besides, passive participles require the presence (at least on a subconscious level) of an indication of who performed the action indicated in the participle.

Writing one or two letters -n- V complex adjectives obeys the general rule: plain painted (paint, imperfect look); smoothly colored (painted, perfect appearance).

Adverbs, formed from adjectives with two -n-, also written with two -n-: were organized.

In nouns, formed from adjectives, participles and verbal adjectives, so many are written -n-, how many of them were in the production base: pupil ( from ‘ well-mannered’), martyr ( from ‘ tormented’) .

Two - n- written in all words formed from stems to -n, with a suffix starting with -n:foam (pen -a+n -y), hexagon (six+sided b+n ik).

Assignments.

His manners were not simple, but rather sophisticated. In the labyrinth of crooked, narrow and feeble streets, people were always sneaking around. The drivers argued with the loaders that the car was underloaded (3).

Manners are (what?) sophistication(1). This is a short adjective because it can be replaced with the full form exquisite. We determine the spelling of the full form: izizka…y is formed from the verb izyskat, which has the prefix iz-. Thus, we write two NNs in both full and short form. Weak(2)th (which?) streets. This is a full adjective formed from the imperfect verb to pave. The prefix ne- does not affect the spelling, there are no suffixes -OVA/-EVA, and there are no dependent words either. We write one N. The car is underloaded (3) (what has been done?). This is a short participle, as it can be replaced with the verb underloaded. In short participles, one N is written. Thus, the correct option is answer No. 4.

Which answer option correctly indicates all the numbers in whose place NN is written?

The house stood somewhat away from the forest; its walls here and there were renovated (1) with fresh wood, the windows were painted (2) white, a small porch on the side, decorated (3) with carvings, still smelled of resin.

In the foreground of the picture, against the background of figures of mummers with (2) sooty faces, a girlish figure in a snow-white dress with braided (3) sleeves stands out clearly.

Which answer option correctly indicates all the numbers replaced by one letter H?

In the painting “Kermessa,” Rubens depicted a crowd of heated (1) townspeople, desperately (2) dancing a frenzied (3) dance.

Participle and adjective. These two parts of speech have so much in common that it is often difficult to distinguish which is which. But from correct definition error-free spelling depends. This also applies to the rules governing the use of N and NN in adjectives and participles.

Participle: one or two n

Communion - verb form, which contains both verb features, and signs of an adjective. When thinking about how many N's to use when writing a participle, keep in mind that there are always two N's in this part of speech.

However there is special group - verbal participles. N and NN and the subtleties of their spelling in these parts of speech will be discussed in detail below, but for now we will give examples of the basic rule. In full passive participles with suffixes -nn- and -enn- Two letters N are always written, provided:

1. The participle has a prefix, for example: a plowed field, stewed vegetables, fried fish.
2. The presence of words dependent on it in the participle: fish dried on the balcony, apples soaked in a barrel, a field plowed in the morning.
3. This is a perfect participle: a purchased cloak, a solved equation, a captured warrior.
4. The formation of the participle involved a verb with a suffix -ova-(-eva-, -irova-): asphalt road (pave), explored area (explore).

If at least one of these conditions is met, you can safely use two letters N.

One N in adjectives

The situation with adjectives is much more complicated. Here, the spelling of one H or two depends on many factors.

Let's consider cases when one H is needed:

1. If the adjective has suffixes -in-, -an-(-yan-). The first, as a rule, refers to an animal (eagle's beak, rooster's tail, swan's fidelity). The second indicates what the item is made of: leather belt, oil paint (oil-based paint, should be distinguished from the word oiled in the meaning soaked in oil - an oily pancake), silver spoon (also should be distinguished from the word silver, with an emphasis on e - meaning y the word “treated with silver”, the word in this meaning has the suffix -en-). This clause has three words that are exceptions: glass, tin, wood.
2. In adjectives in the formation of which no part of speech was involved (primitives): blue, young. Such adjectives do not have a suffix.
3. Exception word - adjective windy, here you need to write one H, but its derivatives with prefixes will have NN: the weather was calm, we approached from the leeward side. It is also worth distinguishing a word from another lexical meaning: wind (powered by wind) - wind engine, chicken pox.

NN in adjectives

NN should be written for adjectives in the following cases:

1. The letters stand at the junction of the root and the suffix: depth - deep; fog - foggy; million - millionth.
2. The adjective is formed using suffixes -enn-, -onn-: operational (from operation), station (station), intentional (to intend).
3. Ending with -ovanny (-evanny): pampered, painted, organized.

Verbal adjective

There is a whole group of adjectives - verbal ones. It is with their distinction that mistakes are made in the text and the rules N and НН in participles are incorrectly applied. Why? The fact is that they are very bright expressed meaning actions: fried, steamed, boiled. The rule “spelling N and NN in participles” does not apply to them. In verbal forms of an adjective, one N is always used.

Such adjectives have a number of specific features, by which one can easily guess that this is the part of speech that we have in front of us:

1. No attachment. Let's compare: painted - painted. The second word has a prefix, so the rule “N and NN in participles” applies to it - NN should be used. But the first one is a verbal adjective that must be written with one N.
2. No dependent words. Let's compare: a confused trace is a trace confused with special care. In the first case, we observe a verbal adjective, in which we write one N (there are no dependent words). They exist in the second case - we write, according to the rule “N and NN in participles”, with two N.

Verbal adjective or participle: algorithm

You can determine the spelling of N and NN in adjectives and participles using an algorithm, the main thing of which is to correctly recognize the part of speech. It must be remembered that two Hs are required in a participle, and one in a verbal adjective. Let's look at two examples.

• First: Boiled water is poured into the carafe . First, let’s determine the presence of a prefix: the verb “boil” is used in the formation of the word, and accordingly, the prefix is ​​missing. Next, let's see if there are dependent words. There are none. If these two points do not coincide, then most likely we have a verbal adjective. The only thing left to do is to check what type of verb the word is formed from. Boil (what to do? - imperfect form). This means that the rule “spelling N and NN in participles” does not work here. This name is an adjective - we write one letter N.
• Second: Freshly boiled water is poured into the carafe . We look for the presence of a prefix: boiled, formed from the verb “boil” using a prefix -all-. Although we could stop here, apply the rule “N and НН in participles” and write two N, let’s check further. At the word « boiled" is a dependent word - "recently", which means that we are clearly facing a participle.

So, briefly, the algorithm for using N and NN in participle suffixes comes down to the following: we determine whether the word has prefixes or dependent words. If there is, this is a participle, where NN is written. If there is neither one nor the other, we check the type of the verb that participated in the formation of the word: imperfect - one H, perfect - NN.

Spelling N and NN in short adjectives and participles

Another aspect of the rule regarding the use of N or NN in participles and adjectives is their short forms.

The short form of the adjective answers the questions “what? », “what? » This form requires as many letters N as are used in full form: solemn speech- speech is solemn, long path - long path, mysterious nature - nature is mysterious or a wounded fighter - a fighter is wounded, windy weather - windy weather, confused rule - confused rule.

In short participles, one N is always used, even if there are two in the full form. For example: lessons learned - lessons learned, newspaper read - newspaper read, poem written - poem written, house built - house built.

N and NN in all parts of speech

1956 rules:

§ 61 Double n is written in the suffixes -enn-, -onn- of adjectives formed from nouns, for example: straw, painful, cranberry, artificial, internal, bucket, peculiar, dining, revolutionary, positional.

Note. In the word windy and in its derivatives one n is written, but in prefix formations written -nn- (windless, leeward).

Adjectives with suffix -yan- (-an-), formed from nouns, written with one n, for example: hair, wood, clay, leather.

Adjectives wooden, tin, glass written with double n.

A suffix is ​​written with one n -in- in adjectives, for example: nightingale, chicken, living room, as well as in the noun hotel.

§ 62. Double n is written in passive past participles, for example: reports read at a ceremonial meeting; a soldier wounded by an enemy bullet; collective farm, organized in 1930; a detachment reinforced by two companies; deputies elected to Supreme Council.

§ 63. Double n is written in all adjectives formed from passive past participles (or according to their type), if these adjectives have prefixes or end in -ovanny, -evanny(except chewed and forged), for example: the patient was prescribed enhanced nutrition, a volume of selected works of Pushkin was published, sublime style, inscribed triangle, aged wine, trusted person, temperate climate, refined manners, abstract question, absent-minded student, worn dress, used books, a tear-stained face, a rusty key, a risky step, a spoiled child, an uprooted plot.

But with one n you should write adjectives formed from passive past participles, unless these adjectives have a prefix and are not formed from verbs ending in -ovate, -eat, for example: scientific works, wounded border guards, torn clothes, smoked sausage, boiled milk, dried fish, slaked lime, pickled cucumbers, soaked apples, boiled potatoes, plain-dyed fabric.

Words desired, sacred, unexpected, unprecedented, unheard of, unexpected and some others, defined in dictionary order, are written with two n.

§ 64. Double n is written in adverbs with -o and in nouns with suffixes with -ik, -its, -ost, formed from adjectives if the latter are written with two n, for example: accidentally, unheard of, excitedly, excitement (excited); confidently, confidence (confident); education, pupil, pupil (educated); protégé (installed); captive (captive); birthday boy (birthday); sennik (hay); korennik (indigenous); in-law (inherent).

If the adjective has one n, then the adverbs and nouns formed from it are written with one n, for example: confused, confused, confused (confused); learned, learned (scientist); hemp (hemp); silversmith (silversmith). Also with one n are written the words silver (in the meaning of a coin) and bessrebrenik (unselfish person).

§ 65. Double n written in plural. h. in both feminine and neuter gender units. including short adjectives formed from passive past participles, the full form of which is double n, for example: the groups are disciplined and organized, the girl is well-mannered and smart; they are very absent-minded.

Short passive participles are written with one n, for example: broken, broken, broken, broken, the young man was raised as a Komsomol member; the girl is pampered by her upbringing; we are limited by time; The students are organized into a group.

Clear sign

Examples

Heat n th bow (verbal adjective in full form: no prefix, dependent word, -ovann-, -evann-, formed from ch. carried species).

Zazare NN th bow (participle in full form, there is a prefix).

Heat NN onion in a frying pan (participle in full form, there is a dependent word).

Canned NN th bow (participle in full form, there is a letter combination -ovanne-).

Bow fire n(participle in short form).

Territory limited n and a fence (participle in short form).

These people are immoral and restrictive. NNы (short adjective derived from the participle).

He's more concerned NN o looked at me (adverb from preoccupied).

Society is more concerned n about what is happening (participle in short form).

Silver n th knife (nominal adjective, suffix -YAN-).

Karti NN y gallery (one letter H is in the root, the other is in the suffix).

Celebration NN th meeting (nominal adjective with the suffix -ENN-).

Everything was very festive NN o (adverb from solemn).

What words need to be remembered (here are exceptions + difficult cases).

One letter N is written in the words:

Forgiveness Sunday, uninvited guest, uninvited guest, living room, hotel, hotel, living room, gold-forged, planted father, named brother, flighty, finished man, dowry, sophisticated, mummered, smart, young, ruddy, drunk, spicy, mad, red, zealous, porky, chewed, forged, pecked, dumpling, potato pancake, toiler, martyr, toiler, martyr, silversmith, unmercenary, Shrovetide, stone fruit, powder box, alder, confusion, peat bog, length, truth.

Two letters NN are written in the words:

Glass, tin, wooden, nameless, desired, sacred, slow, unprecedented, unheard of, unexpected, unexpected, accidental, desperate, cursed, made, arrogant, minted, cutesy, home-grown, given, decided, bought, government-issued, captured, abandoned, deprived, offended, embarrassed, executed, finished business, defeated, born, pecked, awake, abandoned.