(from Latin - passion): a term introduced in scientific circulation L.N. Gumilyov to characterize the irresistible desire of people to realize their ideals. P., according to Gumilyov, lies at the basis of all actions that leave traces in history. It is formed as a result of powerful bursts of biochemical energy of space, discovered and described by V. N. Vernadsky, concentrated in relatively small areas earth's surface. Based on this idea, Gumilyov created a passionary theory of ethnogenesis, at the center of which is the idea of \u200b\u200bethnos as a biosphere, non-social phenomenon of human behavior. Passionary “shocks” generate increased social activity, which, under certain historical and geographical conditions, contributes to the formation of new ethnic groups and ethnic systems (superethnic groups). P.'s energy ensures the creation and existence in the Earth's biosphere of the entire diversity of ethnic systems - natural groups of people with a common stereotype of behavior, which is influenced by the geographical environment, cultural tradition and ethnic environment. The passionary theory of ethnogenesis develops the concept of the natural brotherhood of the Russian people with the peoples living on the territory of Eurasia, formulated by Savitsky and other ideologists of Eurasianism. Today this is embodied in the implementation of the initiative and powerful will of the President of Kazakhstan N.A. Nazarbayev on the creation of the Eurasian Economic Community, other forms of cooperation and mutual assistance of the peoples and states of Eurasia.
View value Passionarity in other dictionaries
Passionarity— - Gumilyov's term. Internal energy of the ethnic group, driving force cultural, political and geopolitical creation.
Political dictionary
Passionarity- (German) - in the theory of ethnogenesis (L. N. Gumilyov) - special property character of people, produced by variations in energy, an irresistible internal desire (conscious or unconscious).......
Historical Dictionary
Passionarity as a Characteristic of Behavior- - an excess of biochemical energy of living matter, generating sacrifice for an illusory goal.
Historical Dictionary
Passionate personality
IN last years in various places you can hear the word “passionary”. The number of bold projects that seem contradictory common sense, is constantly increasing. More and more often you can meet people who can take on non-commercial, but good, correct and truly interesting things, who say something strange about their path, purpose and talent...
It's interesting and infectious. What is it - “passionary spirit”? The concept of passionarity was once proposed by Lev Nikolaevich Gumilev. This term comes from “passio” - passion.
Passionarity is the ability and desire to change the environment, a violation of inertia, the potential for progress and activity, an internal desire for activity aimed at realizing a super-important, distant, irrational goal.
A passionate personality is a personality, a person of an “excessive energy” type, risky, active, passionate to the point of obsession, who is able to make sacrifices in order to achieve what he considers valuable.
A passionary cannot calmly live with everyday worries without an alluring and captivating goal - he is a hero and will not stand up for the price. Moreover, he can sacrifice not only himself and his interests, but also others. “Excesses” are possible when passionarity gets out of the control of expediency and out of control. creative power turns into destructive.
The degrees of passionarity may be different, but in order for it to be visible in history, many passionaries are needed. In other words, it's not only individual trait, but also population. People with this trait are favorable conditions They perform actions that together change the inertia of tradition and create something new - for example, they initiate new ethnic groups. Therefore, there is the concept of “social passionarity”.
It is not yet clear whether passionarity is inherited, but it is known that it is contagious. Ordinary people, which are in the vicinity of the epicenter, begin to behave like passionaries. At the same time, if a person moves away a certain distance, he behaves as usual again. This phenomenon is called “passionary induction” and is actively used. In military affairs, for example, when several passionaries, by their example, ignite and raise an entire army.
The role of passionaries in initiating and developing transitions and breakthroughs is enormous, but their number in the total human mass is negligible. They are doomed, they die and burn uncontrollably.
The main social mass is formed by people harmonious type(those in whom the desire for self-preservation and the impulse of passionarity are balanced) - not overactive, reproducing offspring, who multiply material values according to existing models, improve the quality of life, and are easy-going.
And in the phases of regression and stagnation, the majority are represented by “subpassionaries” - people with a lack of energy (with negative passionarity) - they are inert, lacking imagination, incapable of creation, but they know how to serve for money, create and maintain rules that protect them from threats to their personal comfort, “spectators of circus performances and recipients of bread”, those who preach life for themselves, insanely indifferent and calm...
According to the law formulated by Gumilyov, the total “work” performed by the people (ethnic group) is in direct proportional dependence"passionary tension". There are different degrees and stages of passionary tension. There are only seven of them: the first is the rise phase - the growth of passionary tension; acromatic phase – stabilization of the voltage level at the very high level; the breakdown phase – the beginning of a decrease in passionary tension; then the inertial phase - an inexorable decrease in tension, strengthening social institutions And state power, accumulation of cultural and material assets; phase of obscuration (even degradation) – an increase in the number of subpassionaries and a drop in passionarity below zero level; regeneration phase – restoration of passionarity to a short time at the expense of the surviving passionaries on the periphery of the system; relic phase – setting passionary tension at the lowest level and vegetation.
However, we must not forget that the result of the growth of passionarity in society may be war or revolution.
There are ideas about the possibility of creating “passionary reactors” - generators of social energy, where passionarity can grow and be maintained without becoming dangerous.
So far, no scientific community has accepted the concept of passionarity, although no one has experimented. But it might be interesting. "Passionary reactors" that operate in a certain social environment and transform into society - we could try.
But maybe everything is already happening - an infrastructure is being built that attracts passionaries. Communities, business incubators, networks, movements of like-minded people, clubs - these are all social and energetic clusters. This is not yet a “reactor”, but already a method of accumulating energy, including through induction - infection. This is where the feeling of the “passionary spirit” itself appears, which is concentrated in certain places.
Time will tell whether something revolutionary will come out of this over time or whether it will just be a gradual transformation.
Passionary
Passionaries(people of energy surplus type) - in the passionary theory of ethnogenesis, people who have the innate ability to absorb from external environment more energy than is required only for personal and species self-preservation, and release this energy in the form of purposeful work to modify their environment. The increased passionarity of a person is judged by the characteristics of his behavior and psyche.
In context the definition is used as enterprising, active and risk-taking people striving to complete the task, overcoming the fear of death.
Sources
- Gumilyov L.N. Ethnogenesis and biosphere of the Earth. St. Petersburg: Crystal, 2001. ISBN 5-306-00157-2
- Michurin V.A. Dictionary of concepts and terms of the theory of ethnogenesis. M., 1993.
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Synonyms:See what “Passionary” is in other dictionaries:
Noun, number of synonyms: 1 leader (22) ASIS Dictionary of Synonyms. V.N. Trishin. 2013… Synonym dictionary
passionary- Passion Aryan, I... Russian spelling dictionary
I; m. and f. Book A man with great internal energy; temperamental, active person … encyclopedic Dictionary
passionary- I; m. and f.; book A person with great internal energy; temperamental, active person... Dictionary of many expressions
SPHINX, or PASSIONARY- in the Small Initiations in Kabbalah, the name of the fifth stage of cosmic initiation. This man has not yet fully understood and seen his space program, but he already clearly felt it cosmic origin and internally accepted her ethics,... ... Eurasian wisdom from A to Z. Explanatory dictionary
I Italy (Italia) Italian Republic (La Repubblica Italiana). I. General information I. is a state in southern Europe in the central Mediterranean. The shores of I. are washed by the seas: in the W. Ligurian and Tyrrhenian, in the S. ... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia
I Medicine Medicine system scientific knowledge And practical activities, the goals of which are to strengthen and preserve health, prolong the lives of people, prevent and treat human diseases. To accomplish these tasks, M. studies the structure and... ... Medical encyclopedia
Arab. Wikipedia
Passionaries in the passionary theory of ethnogenesis are people who have the innate ability to absorb more energy from the external environment than is required only for personal and species self-preservation, and to release this energy in the form of... ... Wikipedia
Books
- Lev Gumilyov: Fate and Ideas, Sergey Lavrov. The book is dedicated to the dramatic fate and scientific creativity outstanding domestic historian, ethnologist and geographer Lev Nikolaevich Gumilev. Central part she is occupied with the work of the president...
- Comandante Chavez. America was afraid of him, Viktor Chernov. The death of Chavez flashed over the world like a rainbow of his immortality. It emerged from the magma of the Latin American continent. He is the ingot born from fiery volcano. He is an Indian in whose veins...
“Theories and Practices” resumes the tradition of talking about words in the Russian language that are difficult to use and are not always understood correctly. In the new issue of the column “ Lexicon“Let's look at important figures in the history of mankind - passionaries - and understand how much this concept applies to each of us. About those whose controversial ideas turn the world upside down, and why in the history of every nation the “time of weaklings” comes - in the T&P material.
Passionarity is an internal thirst for activity aimed at achieving some goal, which, as a rule, is difficult for a person to control and explain to himself. It is associated with the ability to obtain more energy from the external environment than is required for personal and species survival. A passionate personality (passionary) subconsciously uses excess energy to create a state of internal supertension and fixation on a certain idea. Such ideas are always associated with changes in the world around us. The desire for activity in such individuals may be conscious or not. Their goals are often illusory, outside rational explanations and objective circumstances, but to them the need to achieve them may seem more important than their own life and even more so the life and happiness of other people.
Most of the actions performed by people are in one way or another dictated by the instinct of self-preservation - personal or species. The latter manifests itself in the desire to reproduce and raise offspring. The passionary, for the sake of his goals, is ready to sacrifice and own life, and the lives of their offspring, who are either not born or remain without due attention. Sacrifice - highest manifestation passionarity. Death for the sake of achieving a goal does not frighten or stop such people; it does not even seem to bother them. In this sense, such a personality trait can be called anti-instinct.
Although the philosopher and classicist spoke about the existence of biochemical energy of living matter and its influence on the human psyche modern natural science Vladimir Vernadsky, the term “passionarity” was introduced into science in the middle of the last century by Lev Gumilev. It is perhaps logical that the theory of a person’s ability for self-sacrifice and super-effort was developed by a very difficult fate. The son of poets Nikolai Gumilyov and Anna Akhmatova was first arrested at 25, spent in correctional camps in total 12 years old, fought at the front and, despite all this, achieved success in several fields of science (history, ethnology, archeology, geography), becoming a great Soviet scientist.
The term “passionarity”, one of the key ones in his works, was borrowed by Gumilyov from Dolores Ibarruri, one of the leaders and most bright personalities in the Spanish Communist Party of the 20th century. Her performances during civil war The 30s in Spain (Ibárruri is the author of the historical phrase “¡No pasarán!”), and after that in the Soviet emigration, were bright and exciting, which is why fellow party members called her Passionaria, which means “passionate.” Contagiousness - important property passionaries. Such people, as a rule, are brilliant speakers; they know how to instill the will to win, infect with an idea or a certain attitude. In many ways, military leaders rely on a similar effect when speaking before battle. This is why the words of coaches during breaks in sports matches are so important, and for the same reason, when in battle one of the soldiers shouts “Hurray!” and goes on the attack, the others rush after.
According to Gumilyov’s theory, the lifestyle, worldview, level and direction of development of groups of people directly depend on the number of passionaries included in it
Passionaries are individuals of a productive type: inventors, discoverers, creators who contribute to the accumulation and transformation of energy and the rationalization of life; active, enterprising and risk-taking people. A passionary can have both a high level of ability and a low one. Being a feature of the mental constitution, passionarity does not depend on external factors and does not belong to the sphere of ethics, equally easily giving rise to exploits and crimes, creativity and destruction, good and evil, but not indifference.
Among illustrative examples passionaries - Kant, Christopher Columbus, Hitler, Newton, Napoleon, Alexander the Great, Peter I, Joan of Arc, Mikhail Lomonosov. But, of course, just as widely as on the pages of textbooks, passionarity is also found in Everyday life among activists, entrepreneurs and fighters for a “bright tomorrow” - not always successful, but always extremely energetic.
The type of personality that is in the middle between two passionary extremes is the so-called harmonious personality, or harmonic. Their passion and instinct of self-preservation are approximately at the same level. Gumilyov wrote about them this way: “In the overwhelming majority of normal individuals, both of these impulses are balanced, which creates harmonious personality, intellectually complete, efficient, easy-going, but not overactive.” We are talking here about conscientious, reliable and responsible person, who is most often a good family man and worker. He will always do enough, but will not do anything unnecessary.
Modes, that is, types of passionarity, are different. For example, pride gives birth to generals and tyrants with a thirst for power and historical glory; greed - businessmen and scientists who accumulate knowledge instead of money; vanity pushes towards demagoguery and creativity; jealousy causes cruelty, and when applied to an idea, it creates fanatics and martyrs. Each of these inclinations, multiplied by a high energy potential and motivation, creates passionaries of a certain kind. Because we're talking about about energy and impulses, not about conscious decisions, That moral assessments not applicable here. In addition, according to Gumilev, the level of a person’s passionarity is determined from birth. The causes of passionary impulses, that is, the appearance large quantity passionaries in one area, the scientist considered the activation cosmic radiation. This opinion was disputed by many of his colleagues, criticizing such assumptions as excessive mysticism.
According to the theory of Lev Gumilyov, both individuals and entire ethnic groups (peoples) have passionarity. Moreover, the lifestyle, worldview, level and direction of development of such groups of people, in his opinion, directly depend on the number of passionaries included in it and, accordingly, general level passionarity of this ethnic group. "Passionary theory of ethnogenesis" - main work a scientist who explains the forms of interaction, achievements, decline and death of peoples by changing phases of ethnogenesis. Lev Nikolaevich distinguished seven such phases:
Rise is an intensive growth of the passionary tension of an ethnos. Characterized by an increase in all types of its activity;
Akmatics is the temporary stabilization of passionarity at the highest level for an ethnic group. Characterized by the predominance of passionaries of the sacrificial type, high frequency events of ethnic history;
Broken - a sharp decline passionary tension. Accompanied by acute conflicts between passionaries within the ethnic system and an increase in the number of sub-passionaries;
Inertia is a smooth continuation of the decline in the level of passionarity. Accompanied by the strengthening of state power, intensive accumulation of material and cultural values, interest in the achievements of the past;
Obscuration is the final reduction of passionary tension to a level below zero (homeostatic) due to a significant increase in the number of subpassionaries. Degradation of ethnic and social system, impossibility constructive activity, with the exception of those aimed at satisfying basic needs;
Regeneration is a short-term restoration of the passionarity of an ethnos at the expense of passionaries who have survived on the outskirts of the area;
The relic phase is the completion of the process of ethnogenesis, stabilization of passionary tension at an extremely low level. An existence that excludes both excesses and any historical activity.
The duration of the entire cycle of ethnogenesis is approximately 1,200–1,500 years. The first four phases, according to the theory, last approximately 250–300 years, and the final ones can be very short, because in a state of low passionarity there is a high probability of assimilation or destruction of the ethnic group by other peoples. But under favorable conditions, the last phases can last indefinitely, and the ethnos can exist as a monument to itself.
How to say:
Incorrect: “This is an extremely passionate idea!” An idea can be exciting, passionate - a person or a group of people.
That’s right: “Our Pasha is a passionate person: he won the Physics Olympiad, doesn’t leave the house without a galvanometer, and has covered all the walls in the entrance with formulas.”
Correct: “The passion of this family is high, their initiatives have exhausted everyone around.”
In recent years, you can hear the word “passionary” in many different places. The number of bold projects that seem contrary to common sense is constantly increasing. More and more often you can meet people who can take on non-commercial, but good, correct and truly interesting things, who say something strange about their path, purpose and talent...
It's interesting and infectious. What is it - “passionary spirit”? The concept of passionarity was once proposed by Lev Nikolaevich Gumilev. This term comes from “passio” - passion.
Passionarity is the ability and desire to change the environment, a violation of inertia, the potential for progress and activity, an internal desire for activity aimed at realizing a super-important, distant, irrational goal.
Passionate personality– a personality, a person of the “excessive energy” type, risky, active, passionate to the point of obsession, who is able to make sacrifices in order to achieve what he considers valuable.
A passionary cannot calmly live with everyday worries without an alluring and captivating goal - he is a hero and will not stand up for the price. Moreover, he can sacrifice not only himself and his interests, but also others. “Excesses” are possible when passionarity gets out of the control of expediency and turns from a creative force into a destructive one.
The degrees of passionarity may be different, but in order for it to be visible in history, many passionaries are needed. In other words, this is not only an individual trait, but also a population one. People who have this characteristic, in favorable conditions, perform actions that in total change the inertia of tradition and create something new - for example, they initiate new ethnic groups. Therefore, there is the concept of “social passionarity”.
It is not yet clear whether passionarity is inherited, but it is known that it is contagious. Ordinary people who are close to the epicenter begin to behave like passionaries. At the same time, if a person moves away a certain distance, he behaves as usual again. This phenomenon is called “passionary induction” and is actively used. In military affairs, for example, when several passionaries, by their example, ignite and raise an entire army.
The role of passionaries in initiating and developing transitions and breakthroughs is enormous, but their number in the total human mass is negligible. They are doomed, they die and burn uncontrollably.
The main social mass is formed by people of a harmonious type (those in whom the desire for self-preservation and the impulse of passionarity are balanced) - not overactive, reproducing offspring, who multiply material values according to existing models, improve the quality of life, and are easy-going.
And in the phases of regression and stagnation, the majority are represented by “subpassionaries” - people with a lack of energy (with negative passionarity) - they are inert, lacking imagination, incapable of creation, but they know how to serve for money, create and maintain rules that protect them from threats to their personal comfort, “spectators of circus performances and recipients of bread”, those who preach life for themselves, insanely indifferent and calm...
According to the law formulated by Gumilev, the total “work” performed by the people (ethnic group) is in direct proportion to the “passionary tension”. There are different degrees and stages of passionary tension. There are only seven of them: the first is the rise phase - the growth of passionary tension; acromatic phase – stabilization of the voltage level at the highest level; the breakdown phase – the beginning of a decrease in passionary tension; then the inertial phase - an inexorable decrease in tension, strengthening of social institutions and state power, accumulation of cultural and material values; phase of obscuration (even degradation) – an increase in the number of subpassionaries and a drop in passionarity below the zero level; regeneration phase – restoration of passionarity for a short time at the expense of surviving passionaries on the periphery of the system; relic phase – setting passionary tension at the lowest level and vegetation.
However, we must not forget that the result of the growth of passionarity in society may be war or revolution.
There are ideas about the possibility of creating “passionary reactors” - generators of social energy, where passionarity can grow and be maintained without becoming dangerous.
So far, no scientific community has accepted the concept of passionarity, although no one has experimented. But it might be interesting. “Passionary reactors”, which work in a certain social environment and are transformed into society, could be tried.
But maybe everything is already happening - an infrastructure is being built that attracts passionaries. Communities, business incubators, networks, movements of like-minded people, clubs - these are all social and energetic clusters. This is not yet a “reactor”, but already a method of accumulating energy, including through induction - infection. This is where the feeling of the “passionary spirit” itself appears, which is concentrated in certain places.
Time will tell whether something revolutionary will come out of this over time or whether it will just be a gradual transformation.
