Ukraine's propaganda machine long years tirelessly convinces us that for the majority of residents of Ukraine, native language– Ukrainian. To prove it, Ukrainian patriots Sociological studies are constantly cited in which, when asked “what language do you CONSIDER as your native language,” the majority indicates “Ukrainian.” At the same time, everyone who lives in our country knows that in Everyday life The Russian language dominates completely in most of the Ukrainian territory. That is, it IS native to the vast majority of the population in fact.
Thus, a paradoxical situation arises: our citizens, for the most part, consider Ukrainian their native language, but use Russian in everyday life. A logical question arises here: IF, ACCORDING TO THE OFFICIAL VERSION, THE NATIVE LANGUAGE OF ALMOST ALL RESIDENTS OF UKRAINE IS THE UKRAINE LANGUAGE, THEN WHY IS IT REALLY USED IN EVERYDAY LIFE BY A MINORITY CORRECTING THE POPULATION OF GALICYNA AND THE ADJACENT WHAT ARE THE TERRITORIES FOR HER?
Ukrainian propaganda explains this by saying that the Soviet regime did not give Ukrainians the opportunity to use their native language. But then a counter question arises: what is preventing them from speaking purely in “language” now? What prevents children who grew up after 1991 from using in everyday life? Ukrainian language?
Already now it can be clearly stated that the OVERWHELMING PART OF THE POPULATION OF UKRAINE DOES NOT WISH TO SPEAK “RID MOVE”. PREFERENCE IS GIVEN TO RUSSIAN LANGUAGE. FROM HERE A LEGITIMATE CONCLUSION FOLLOWS: NOT “MOVA” IS THE NATIVE FOR THE MOST PART OF UKRAINE CITIZENS, BUT RUSSIAN LANGUAGE.
Recently this obvious fact confirmed by American experts from the Gallup Institute (Gallup, Inc) - one of the most authoritative research institutes, both in the USA and around the world. A group of his researchers conducted a study to find out how widely the Russian language is used in everyday life by the population of the republics former USSR. The results obtained were published in the official publication of the Institute.
One of the main research questions on which the results are based: “In which language do you prefer to conduct interviews - English, local (Ukrainian, Moldavian, Georgian, etc.) or Russian. The overwhelming majority of respondents chose Russian. In Ukraine this percentage is 83%. It should be noted that data for Ukraine are considered by researchers in the part “Russian as a native language of communication.” Thus, it turns out that 83% of the Ukrainian population thinks and speaks Russian. And this means that For 83% of Ukrainians, their native language is Russian. And this despite the fact that all the years of the existence of the “Ukraine” project, the country’s leadership, with titanic efforts, implanted the “ridna language”.
The situation in Georgia is very interesting, where with the coming to power of the “democrats”, instead of the Russian language, they began to study English in schools. By this method, local Russophobes from the authorities hoped to completely erase even the memories of anything Russian in Georgia. However, 64% of citizens in 2007, compared to 43% in 2006, responded that learning Russian is very important for them and their children. Moreover, they answered in Russian. This figure also indicates that the percentage, so to speak, of supporters of the Russian language is growing. And this despite the fact that Tbilisi’s relations with Moscow, to put it mildly, are not the best.
15.09.2008.
Andrey Vajra
GALLUP
Use of the Russian language in post-Soviet republics
This article is the first in a series of sociological studies devoted to attitudes towards the Russian language in post-Soviet states. This article examines public opinion regarding the study of the Russian language by region; the second article examines regional migration and the impact on emerging European and Central Asian markets
WASHINGTON, DC. Ex-president By his decree, Vladimir Putin declared 2007 the “Year of the Russian Language.” This declaration was not a simple ceremony - the number of Russian speakers has been declining every year since the collapse of Soviet Union. Gallup polls reveal increasingly favorable attitudes toward learning the Russian language in several post-Soviet states, most notably Georgia, Moldova, and Armenia.
How important do you think it is for your children to learn Russian in your country?
Russian - in currently is one of the 10 most widely spoken languages between people in the world, but according to some estimates, the number of people speaking Russian is decreasing. In many Central and Eastern European countries, older generations often associate the Russian language with mandatory lessons on communism. In the post-Soviet years, Moscow strongly talked about the Russian language as a means of communication and trust, a language great literature, And global science. In contrast, some opponents branded the Russian language as a remnant of " Soviet Empire" and encouraged the new generation to use their own national language.
Despite long-term stress In relations between Moscow and Tbilisi, in Georgia, 64% of respondents surveyed now reported that it was “very important” for Georgian children to learn Russian, up from 43% who responded this way in 2006. In March 2007, a survey was soon published Gallup, the Russian Embassy in Tbilisi has expressed interest in opening a Russian-language school, hoping to renew the waning interest in the language among Georgian youth.
In Moldova, the percentage of respondents who answered that it was “very important” for their children to learn Russian was 12% at the beginning of the survey and increased from 27% to 39% between 2006 and 2007. This increase most likely reflects the warming of relations between Moscow and Chisinau, which occurs against the backdrop of the return of Moldovan wines and meat to the Russian market. Russia adopted a trade embargo threatening Moldova's economy in November 2006.
Despite the small percentage of those Armenian respondents who asked to conduct interviews in Russian (3%), the percentage of respondents regarding the importance of children learning Russian increased by two (from 73% to 75%) from 2006 to 2007.
Russian is the native language of communication
According to the results of a Gallup poll, the national language is more common when pollsters asked which language to conduct the survey in. But at the same time, respondents in Ukraine, Kazakhstan, and Belarus chose Russian. In Ukraine and Kazakhstan, a large percentage of the Russian population remains. In Belarus, where interethnic differences between Belarusians and Russians are minimal, Russian is one of the state languages.
Percentage of respondents who chose Russian for the survey
In which language is it more convenient for you to answer the survey questions (i.e., you were surveyed using a Russian questionnaire)
Practical results
"The Year of the Russian Language" was important point in maintaining the status of Dostoevsky's language. But, the importance of the Russian language as a state language has decreased since the collapse of the Soviet Union. Official status state language provided to Russian only in three countries in which it was carried out sociological research- Belarus, Kazakhstan, and Kyrgyzstan. In three other countries - Moldova, Ukraine, and Tajikistan - Russian is identified as the "language of interethnic communication."
Those who are going to Kyiv often ask questions: what language do they speak in Kyiv?
Oddly enough, even with the official state language being Ukrainian, the majority of the population of Kyiv communicates in Russian. Perhaps this is due to the fact that many studied at school in Russian. Over the past 10-15 years, schoolchildren and students, whose main language of instruction was already Ukrainian, began to change the ratio of people speaking different languages towards increasing the share of Ukrainian. Also in government institutions Ukrainian is predominantly used.
Most Kiev residents know both languages well and understand each other perfectly, even if one interlocutor speaks Russian and the other speaks Ukrainian. There are many programs on television and radio in both Russian and Ukrainian. If a program or film is interesting, many residents of Ukraine the next day may not remember what language it was broadcast in. There are often situations when on a major TV show one presenter speaks Russian and the other speaks Ukrainian. Newspapers with large circulations are published in two languages. Large Internet resources usually have Ukrainian and Russian versions. Popular online communities and forums are often in Russian. Using the Russian language allows you to reach a huge audience of readers and freely communicate with citizens of the entire former USSR.
The main language of communication in Ukraine is Russian or Ukrainian?
In connection with his geographical location and a large occupied area, Ukraine borders on many countries. Today, it so happens that in the eastern part of the country and in Crimea, the majority of the population speaks Russian. Residents of western Ukraine mostly speak Ukrainian. central part- mixed up, there is no clear answer. In some areas the ratio of Russian and Ukrainian is in favor of the former, in others it is the other way around. Often in the city they speak more Russian, and in the region - in Ukrainian.
A feature of the Ukrainian language is its very strong similarity with Russian - in writing, in pronunciation, in practical use identical words. Most of the letters are the same, but there are still some differences. So, for example, the Russian letter “i” in Ukrainian is “y”, the Russian “e” is “e”, and the Ukrainian “i” is written “i”. Not in Ukrainian solid sign, but there is an apostrophe (For example, to connect “z”ednuvati in Ukrainian”). There are a number of other differences, but in general, the Ukrainian language is quite understandable to everyone who speaks Russian. Many words sound almost the same, some, seemingly unfamiliar, are intuitively understandable Words such as “hut”, “fat”, “father”, “gorilka”, “malyuvati” - do not need to be translated!
Welcome to Kyiv - very beautiful city With rich history and hospitable residents!
Inventor of the Little Russian dialect Ivan Petrovich Kotlyarevsky (August 29 (September 9), 1769, Poltava - October 29 (November 10), 1838, Poltava).
The Ukrainian language was created in 1794 on the basis of some features of the southern Russian dialects, which still exist today in Rostov and Voronezh regions and at the same time absolutely mutually intelligible with the Russian language existing in Central Russia. It was created through a deliberate distortion of common Slavic phonetics, in which instead of the common Slavic “o” and “ѣ” they began to use the sound “i” and “hv” instead of “f” for a comic effect, as well as by clogging the language with heterodox borrowings and deliberately invented neologisms.
In the first case, this was expressed in the fact that, for example, a horse, which sounds like a horse in Serbian, Bulgarian, and even Lusatian, began to be called kin in Ukrainian. The cat began to be called kit, and so that the cat would not be confused with a whale, kit began to be pronounced as kyt.
According to the second principle, the stool became a piss bag, a runny nose became an undead creature, and an umbrella became a cracker. Then Soviet Ukrainian philologists replaced the rosette with a parasol (from the French parasol), the stool was returned Russian name, because the nosebleed did not sound quite decent, and the runny nose remained undead. But during the years of independence, common Slavic and international words began to be replaced with artificially created ones, stylized as common lexemes. As a result, the midwife became a navel cutter, the elevator became a lift, the mirror became a chandelier, the percentage became a hundred percent, and the gearbox became a screen of hookups.
As for the declension and conjugation systems, the latter were simply borrowed from the Church Slavonic language, which until the mid-18th century served as a common literary language for all Orthodox Slavs and even among the Vlachs, who later renamed themselves Romanians.
Initially, the scope of application of the future language was limited to everyday satirical works, ridiculing the illiterate chatter of marginal social strata. The first to synthesize the so-called Little Russian language was the Poltava nobleman Ivan Kotlyarevsky. In 1794, Kotlyarevsky, for the sake of humor, created a kind of padonkaff language, in which he wrote a playful adaptation of the “Aeneid” by the greatest Old Roman poet Publius Virgil Maron.
Kotlyarevsky’s “Aeneid” in those days was perceived as macaroni poetry - a kind of comic poetry created according to the principle formulated by the then French-Latin proverb “Qui nescit motos, forgere debet eos” - whoever does not know words must create them. This is exactly how the words of the Little Russian dialect were created.
The creation of artificial languages, as practice has shown, is accessible not only to philologists. So, in 2005, Tomsk entrepreneur Yaroslav Zolotarev created the so-called Siberian language, “which has been around since the times of Velikovo Novgorod and has reached our days in the dialects of the Siberian people.” On October 1, 2006, an entire Wikipedia section was even created in this pseudo-language, which numbered more than five thousand pages and was deleted on November 5, 2007. In terms of content, the project was a mouthpiece for politically active non-lovers of “This Country.” As a result, every second SibWiki article was a non-illusory masterpiece of Russophobic trolling. For example: “After the Bolshevik coup, the Bolsheviks made Central Siberia, and then completely pushed Siberia to Russia.” To all this were attached poems by the first poet of the Siberian dialect, Zolotarev, with meaningful names“Moskal bastard” and “Moskal bastard.” Using administrator rights, Zolotarev rolled back any edits as written “in a foreign language.”
If this activity had not been shut down in its infancy, then by now we would have had a movement of Siberian separatists instilling in Siberians that they are a separate people, that they should not feed Muscovites (non-Siberian Russians were called that way in this language), but should trade oil on their own and gas, for which it is necessary to establish an independent Siberian state under American patronage.
The idea of creating a separate national language based on the language invented by Kotlyarevsky was first taken up by the Poles - former owners Ukrainian lands: Already a year after the appearance of Kotlyarevsky’s “Aeneid,” Yan Potocki called for calling the lands of Volynsha and Podolia, which recently became part of Russia, the word “Ukraine,” and the people inhabiting them to be called not Russians, but Ukrainians. Another Pole, Count Tadeusz Czatsky, deprived of his estates after the second partition of Poland, became the inventor of the term “Ukr” in his essay “O nazwiku Ukrajnj i poczatku kozakow”. It was Chatsky who produced him from some unknown horde of “ancient Ukrainians” who allegedly came out from beyond the Volga in the 7th century.
At the same time, the Polish intelligentsia began to make attempts to codify the language invented by Kotlyarevsky. Thus, in 1818, in St. Petersburg, Alexei Pavlovsky published “The Grammar of the Little Russian dialect,” but in Ukraine itself this book was received with hostility. Pavlovsky was scolded for introducing Polish words, was called a Lyakh, and in “Additions to the Grammar of the Little Russian Speech,” published in 1822, he specifically wrote: “I swear to you that I am your fellow countryman.” Pavlovsky’s main innovation was that he proposed writing “i” instead of “ѣ” in order to aggravate the differences between the South Russian and Central Russian dialects that were beginning to blur.
But the biggest step in the propaganda of the so-called Ukrainian language was a major hoax associated with the artificially created image of Taras Shevchenko, who, being illiterate, actually wrote nothing, and all his works were the fruit of the mystifying work of first Evgeniy Grebenka, and then Panteleimon Kulish .
The Austrian authorities were considering Russian population Galicia as a natural counterweight to the Poles. However, at the same time, they were afraid that the Russians would sooner or later want to join Russia. Therefore, the idea of Ukrainianism could not be more convenient for them - an artificially created people could be opposed to both the Poles and the Russians.
The first who began to introduce the newly invented dialect into the minds of Galicians was the Greek Catholic canon Ivan Mogilnitsky. Together with Metropolitan Levitsky, Mogilnitsky in 1816, with the support of the Austrian government, began to create primary schools with the "local language" in Eastern Galicia. True, Mogilnitsky slyly called the “local language” he promoted Russian. The help of the Austrian government to Mogilnitsky was justified by the main theorist of Ukrainianism, Grushevsky, who also lived on Austrian grants: “The Austrian government, in view of deep enslavement Polish gentry Ukrainian population was looking for ways to raise the latter in public and culturally». Distinctive feature Galician-Russian revival is its complete loyalty and extreme servility towards the government, and the first work in the “local language” was a poem by Markiyan Shashkevich in honor of Emperor Franz, on the occasion of his name day.
On December 8, 1868, in Lviv, under the auspices of the Austrian authorities, the All-Ukrainian Partnership “Prosvita” named after Taras Shevchenko was created.
To have an idea of what the real Little Russian dialect was like in the 19th century, you can read an excerpt from the Ukrainian text of that time: “Reading the euphonious text of the Word, it is not difficult to notice its poetic size; For this purpose, I tried not only to correct the text of the same in the internal part, but also in the external form, if possible, to restore the original poetic structure of the Word.”
The society set out to promote the Ukrainian language among the Russian population of Chervona Rus. In 1886, a member of the society, Evgeny Zhelekhovsky, invented Ukrainian writing without "ъ", "е" and "ѣ". In 1922, this Zhelikhovka script became the basis for the Radian Ukrainian alphabet.
Through the efforts of society, in the Russian gymnasiums of Lvov and Przemysl, teaching was transferred to the Ukrainian language, invented by Kotlyarsky for the sake of humor, and the ideas of Ukrainian identity began to be instilled in the pupils of these gymnasiums. Teachers began to be trained from the graduates of these gymnasiums public schools who brought Ukrainianness to the masses. The result was not long in coming - before the collapse of Austria-Hungary, they managed to raise several generations of Ukrainian-speaking population.
This process took place before the eyes of Galician Jews, and the experience of Austria-Hungary was successfully used by them: a similar process of artificial introduction artificial language was done by the Zionists in Palestine. There, the bulk of the population was forced to speak Hebrew, a language invented by Luzhkov’s Jew Lazar Perelman (better known as Eliezer Ben-Yehuda, Hebrew: אֱלִיעֶזֶר בֶּן־יְהוּדָה). In 1885, Hebrew was recognized the only language teaching some subjects at the Jerusalem Bible and Work School. In 1904, the Mutual Aid Union German Jews Hilfsverein founded. Jerusalem's first teacher's seminary for Hebrew teachers. Hebrewization of first and last names was widely practiced. All Moses became Moshe, Solomon became Shlomo. Hebrew was not just intensively promoted. The propaganda was reinforced by the fact that from 1923 to 1936, the so-called language defense units of Gdut Meginei Khasafa (גדוד מגיני השפה) were snooping around British-mandated Palestine, beating the faces of everyone who spoke not Hebrew, but Yiddish. Particularly persistent muzzles were beaten to death. Borrowing words is not allowed in Hebrew. Even the computer in it is not קאמפיוטער, but מחשב, the umbrella is not שירעם (from the German der Schirm), but מטריה, and the midwife is not אַבסטאַטרישאַן, but מְיַלֶ דֶת – almost like a Ukrainian navel cutter.
P.S. from Mastodon. Someone “P.S.V. commentator”, a Ukrainian fascist, a Kontovite, was offended by me because yesterday I published in Comte a humoresque “A hare went out for a walk...”, in which N. Khrushchev, in his desire to get rid of the difficulties of Russian grammar by eliminating it, is compared with one of the inventors of the Ukrainian language P. Kulesh (he created the illiterate “Kuleshovka” as one of the original written versions of ukromova). I was rightfully offended. The creation of ukromov is a serious collective work that ended in success. Svidomo should be proud of this kind of work.
The other day I visited Kirovograd - I had not been to this regional center for a very long time, and filled the gap in knowledge. So now I can make a rating on the use of spoken Russian and Ukrainian languages in all 25 regional centers of Ukraine (we will conditionally consider Crimea to be a region). For greater clarity, it is worth saying right away that: a) the use of surzhik (even in which 50-70% of Russian words) is included in the Ukrainian language, b) in schools, institutes, bazaars and train stations, Ukrainian is heard more often than on average in the city - by We don’t count these places, we don’t navigate by them. Well, of course, I must add that I personally visited all 25 regional centers of Ukraine and all 15 capitals of the former republics. USSR, so I’m writing about what I heard on the streets myself.
Group 1. Cities where almost only Russian is spoken on the street, and Ukrainian is rarely heard
1. Simferopol
2. Donetsk
3. Lugansk
4. Dnepropetrovsk
5. Zaporozhye
6. Kharkov
7. Kherson
8. Nikolaev
9. Odessa
Group 2. Cities where they speak mainly Russian, but it is quite possible to hear Ukrainian (from 10-15% of those walking down the street are just walking, it’s better that way, because what percentage of them exactly are residents is unclear)
10. Kyiv
11. Chernigov
12. Sumy
13. Cherkasy
14. Kirovograd
Group 3. Cities where they speak a lot of both Ukrainian and Russian, and the proportion can be 50/50, 30/70, 60/40, etc.
15. Zhytomyr
16. Vinnitsa
17. Uzhgorod
18. Poltava
Group 4. Cities where a clear majority speaks Ukrainian, but Russian can be heard every day on the street (not from tourists, but from locals, of course)
19. Lviv
20. Khmelnitsky
21. Lutsk
22. Exactly
23. Chernivtsi
Group 5. Cities where you can walk down the street all day and never hear Russian (although there are Russian speakers there, of course)
24. Ivano-Frankivsk
25. Ternopil
This is what the actual language situation in Ukraine looks like in the context of regional centers (I could be wrong somewhere, since I haven’t been to everywhere last years, but the picture changes over time, and there is also subjectivity of perception).
Russia. It would be interesting to create a similar rating for centers Russian regions, but, unfortunately, I haven’t been to the most colorful ones (like Makhachkala, Grozny, Nazran) or have been for a long time (Yakutsk, Kyzyl). And with ordinary provincial Russian regions it’s already clear. Moscow is no longer group 1, but 2 (Moscowabad, however:-). It is difficult to determine the percentage of Russian speakers in Kazan or Ufa, and even more so to understand which of them Turkic languages they speak there (Tatar, Bashkir, Azerbaijani, Uzbek). This is a difficult task for me. If any of the readers writes about the autonomies of Russia, I will be glad to read it.
In Belarus It’s simple - all regional centers are in Russian. This is the most Russian speaking country in the world (much more than Russia).
In Moldova and PMR- Tiraspol is in group 1, Balti is in group 3, but Chisinau is in group 4 (which is a surprise for many visitors, but a fact - mostly Moldovan speech is heard).
In Uzbekistan Tashkent, Navoi are in group 3, and the rest of the regional centers are in groups 4 or even 5 (very little Russian is spoken in the regional centers of the Fergana Valley).
Tajik Dushanbe- group 4.
Kyrgyz Bishkek- group 3 (fifty-fifty).
Kazakhstan. Almaty and Astana- group 2 (mostly in Russian).
Turkmenistan. Ashgabat. Group 4 (mostly in Turkmen).
Azerbaijan. Baku. Group 4, if not 5. But more in Russian than in neighboring capitals.
Armenia and Georgia. Tbilisi and Yerevan. Group 5 - oddly enough, it is difficult to hear Russian speech there.
Baltics. Riga and Tallinn- group 3 (a lot on both), but Vilnius- group 4 (mostly in Lithuanian).
Having common roots Russian and Ukrainian languages seem very similar at first glance. But that's not true. In fact, they have more differences than similarities.
Some roots
As you know, Ukrainian and Russian languages belong to the same group of East Slavic languages. They have a common alphabet, similar grammar and significant lexical uniformity. However, the peculiarities of the development of the cultures of the Ukrainian and Russian peoples have led to noticeable differences in their language systems.
The first differences between the Russian and Ukrainian languages are already found in the alphabet. In the Ukrainian alphabet, which took shape in late XIX centuries, unlike Russian, the letters Ёё, Ъъ, ыы, Эе are not used, but there are Ґґ, Єє, Іі, Її, which are not in Russian.
As a result, the pronunciation of some sounds of the Ukrainian language is unusual for Russians. Thus, the letter “Ї”, which is absent in Russian, sounds approximately like “YI”, “CH” is pronounced more firmly, as in Belarusian or Polish, and “G” conveys a guttural, fricative sound.
Similar languages?
Modern research shows that the Ukrainian language is closer to others Slavic languages– Belarusian (29 common features), Czech and Slovak (23), Polish (22), Croatian and Bulgarian (21), and it has only 11 common features with the Russian language.
Based on these data, some linguists question the unification of the Russian and Ukrainian languages into one language group.
Statistics show that only 62% of words are common to the Russian and Ukrainian languages. According to this indicator, the Russian language in relation to Ukrainian is only in fifth place after Polish, Czech, Slovak and Belarusian. For comparison, you can note that the English and Dutch languages are 63% similar in lexical composition - that is, more than Russian and Ukrainian.
Parting of the ways
The differences between the Russian and Ukrainian languages are largely due to the peculiarities of the formation of the two nations. The Russian nation was centrally formed around Moscow, which led to the dilution of its vocabulary with Finno-Ugric and Turkic words. The Ukrainian nation was formed through the unification of South Russian ethnic groups, and therefore the Ukrainian language has largely retained its Old Russian basis.
Already by mid-16th century centuries, the Ukrainian and Russian languages had significant differences.
But if the texts of that time in the old Ukrainian language are generally understandable to modern Ukrainians, then, for example, documents from the era of Ivan the Terrible from with great difficulty amenable to “translation” by a resident of today’s Russia.
Even more noticeable differences between the two languages began to appear with the beginning of the formation of the Russian literary language in the first half of the 18th century. The abundance of Church Slavonic words in the new Russian language made it difficult to understand for Ukrainians.
For example, let’s take the Church Slavonic word “thanks”, from which the well-known “thank you” arose. The Ukrainian language, on the contrary, has retained old Russian word"dákuyu", which now exists as "dyakuyu".
WITH late XVIII century, the Ukrainian language begins to take shape literary language, which, being in line with pan-European processes, is gradually getting rid of connections with the Russian language.
In particular, there is a rejection of Church Slavonicisms - instead, emphasis is placed on folk dialects, as well as borrowing words from others, primarily Eastern European languages.
The following table can clearly show how close the vocabulary of the modern Ukrainian language is to a number of Eastern European languages and how far it is from Russian:
An important feature of the Ukrainian language is its dialectical diversity. This is a consequence of the location of individual regions Western Ukraine as part of other states - Austria-Hungary, Romania, Poland, Czechoslovakia. Thus, the speech of a resident of the Ivano-Frankivsk region is not always understandable to a resident of Kiev, while a Muscovite and a Siberian speak the same language.
Game of meanings
Despite the fact that the Russian and Ukrainian languages have quite a lot common words, and even more words that are similar in sound and spelling, they often have different shades of meaning.
Take, for example, the Russian word “other” and its related Ukrainian word “inshiy”. If these words are similar in sound and spelling, then their meaning has noticeable differences.
More accurate match Ukrainian word“inshiy” in Russian will be “other” - it is somewhat more formal and does not carry such emotional and artistic expression, as the word "other".
Another word – “sorry” – is identical in both languages in spelling and pronunciation, but differs in semantic meaning. In Russian it exists as a predicative adverb. Its main task is to express regret about something, or pity for someone.
In the Ukrainian language, used as an adverb, the word “sorry” has a similar meaning. However, it can also be a noun, in which case it shades of meaning noticeably enriched, becoming consonant with such words as sorrow, bitterness, pain. “Oh, it’s a pity now all over Ukraine.” In this context given word not used in Russian.
Western style
Often from foreign students you can hear that the Ukrainian language is to a greater extent closer to European languages than Russian. It has long been noted that translation from French or English languages In some respects, writing into Ukrainian is easier and more convenient than writing into Russian.
It's all about certain grammatical constructions. Linguists have this joke: in European languages “the priest had a dog” and only in Russian “the priest had a dog.” Indeed, in the Ukrainian language similar cases Along with the verb “is”, the verb “to have” is used. For example, English phrase“I have a younger brother” in Ukrainian can sound both like “I have a younger brother” and “I have a younger brother.” 
The Ukrainian language, unlike Russian, was adopted from European languages modal verbs. Thus, in the phrase “I may tse zrobiti” (“I must do this”), modality is used in the sense of obligation, as in English – “I have to do it.” In the Russian language, a similar function of the verb “to have” has long disappeared from use.
Another indicator of the difference in grammar is that the Russian verb “to wait” is transitive, but the Ukrainian “chekati” is not, and, as a result, it is not used without a preposition: “I’m waiting for you” (“I’m waiting for you”). For comparison in English – “waiting for you”.
However, there are cases when the Russian language uses borrowings from European languages, but Ukrainian does not. Thus, the names of the months in Russian are a kind of tracing paper from Latin: for example, March - martii (Latin), März (German), march (English), mars (French). The Ukrainian language here has retained its connection with the Slavic vocabulary - “berezen”.
