The coldest port in the world. The most severe frost: records and interesting facts

Number of brands under which they are produced wrist watch, every year it becomes more and more. Some offer mechanisms in the budget price segment, others focus on the high class of consumers and cost thousands of dollars. It is noteworthy that some brands die as quickly as they are born, while real leaders continue to occupy serious positions in world rankings and surprise consumers with unusual new products. We tried to compile for you the most accurate rating of the best watch brands, bringing together the European, American and world tops of the most recognizable and best-selling brands. Let's see what he looks like.

How are watch manufacturers rated?

Thus, in the latest ranking from the European magazine Business Montres The leading positions were taken by such names as Rolex, Cartier, Omega, Patek Philippe, Swatch, Breguet, TAG Heuer, Longines, Chopard and IWC closes the top ten.

Another version of the best of the best according to the portal TiptopWatches, which regularly studies the popularity and success of companies, is as follows: Patek Philippe, Vacheron Constantin, Jaeger-LeCoultre, Blancpain, Cartier, Ulysse Nardin, Chopard, Audemars Piguet, Hublot and Piaget.

Special attention deserves a top men's brand featured on a reputable site Ranker. The following brands are present here: Patek Philippe & Co., Omega, Rolex, Jaeger-LeCoultre, Vacheron Constantin, Audemars Piguet, Breitling, TAG Heuer, A. Lange & Söhne and Seiko.

And finally, another selection the best manufacturers 2015 from the portal RankingTheBrands, which collects and analyzes data from around the world. Its ranking includes the following top Swiss brands: Rolex, Omega, Patek Philippe, Chopard, Longines, Breguet, Audemars Piguet, Tissot, Vacheron Constantin and TAG Heuer.

If you carefully look at all the tops, you can trace a certain pattern and identify several brands that feel confident in most of them. The 24k.ua online store offers you a general rating of the best watch brands in the world, compiled on the basis of several sources. By the way, in the top five we put those manufacturers that appear in several world rankings at once.

Leaders in the watch industry. Top 20 most successful brands

Chopard. Manufacturer of exquisite jewelry watches for wealthy women and men. Characteristic feature brand is the use of the author's technology of “floating diamonds” - when you move your hand, the diamonds move smoothly between the sapphire crystals of the specimen. The company produces both classic models, and sports, while annually creating about 150 new designs.

The most striking proposal from Chopard can be considered the Happy Diamonds Icons Watch, which combines the legendary “dancing” diamonds and an unrivaled feminine design. This watch can safely be called a diamond watch, since almost every detail of its appearance is made of these precious stones.

The online store 24k.ua is always ready to offer you high-quality watches for reasonable money. Our assortment also includes elite models for true connoisseurs of watchmaking.

If you have any comments or suggestions for our material, please leave them in the comments.

Hello friends! People are living creatures that can adapt to anything. They can live in deserts, swamps, mountains and in places where it is terribly cold. Today I will tell you the TOP 5 coldest cities in the world, where people live despite the frost.

5th place: A city called Hell in Norway

Post town with very interesting name Hell consists of only 1558 inhabitants. The temperature in winter can reach -5 degrees Celsius, and in summer it is normal warm weather. The record low on the thermometer was -25 degrees.

It got its name from the Old Scandinavian word Hellir and it is literally translated as a rocky cave, and its homonym (Hel) has absolutely opposite meaning hell and is translated as luck.

But for English-speaking people, hell is exactly hell, so the village gained such fame. They often say about her with a smile that “Hell has frozen over.”

4th place: Fraser City in Colorado

This city was founded in 1953 and got its name from pioneer settler Reuben Frazier. In total, just over 1,200 people live in the town. Fraser is the coldest combined city in the lower 48 states.

The lowest temperature here was recorded back in 1962 and was -47 degrees Celsius, and the usual temperature for winter in Fraser is about -20 degrees Celsius.

3rd place: City of International Falls in the USA

The city is located on the border between the states and Canada. People began to come to this place in 1895, but the settlement received city status only in 1909. Based on the 2010 census, 6,424 people live in International Falls, but most likely this moment This is already inaccurate data.

The city has unofficial name The "refrigerator of the nation" is the coldest place in the continental United States. The coldest temperature was recorded at -48 degrees Celsius, and normal temperature for winter it is -21 degrees.

By the way, International Falls also competed with Fraser for the use trademark"Icebox of the Nation", but Fraser still lost this battle.

2nd place: Oymyakon and Verkhoyansk in Russia

These are two places that are rightfully considered the coldest populated areas in the world. The village of Oymyakon is home to approximately 500 people, and Verkhoyansk is the largest northern city Yakutia, which was formerly a place of exile for many political prisoners, has a population of 1,131 people.

Oymyakon and Verkhoyansk are constantly fighting among themselves, which of them is colder. In Oymyakon, the coldest temperature was recorded at 65.4 degrees Celsius, and in Verkhoyansk - 67.8 degrees. Although quite recently Oymyakon was exposed to cold temperatures of -88 °.

1st place: The coldest city in the world - Yakutsk

You may begin to argue that this is the most cold city, because the coldest mark is only -63, and in those places that I talked about above the numbers are significantly higher.

But Yakutsk is the capital, home to 280,000 people and has a relatively well-established city infrastructure, so this makes it the coldest big city in the world. The usual temperature for local residents is between -40 and -50 degrees Celsius.

It was built by political prisoners, but after a long time it grew and became big city, despite such wild survival conditions. And all because there are diamonds, gold, silver, gas, semi-precious minerals that are constantly mined and developed.

According to local legend, the god flew around the world distributing wealth and Natural resources, but when he flew over Yakutia, he became so cold that his hands went numb, and he gave up everything. Ninety-nine percent of all Russian diamonds and more than twenty percent of all diamonds mined in the world are mined in Yakutia.

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The coldest cities in the world- a number of unique settlements where record frosts are observed. We have already reviewed the Top 10 hottest cities on the planet, and once again concluded that our planet is a unique place.

This time we will talk about cold megacities and small settlements that confirm this conclusion. We immediately inform you that the list below contains 5 cities at once Russian Federation. And this does not include the station in Antarctica and about. Spitsbergen, because we are only interested in cities. You can read about the coldest places in another article.

Top 10 coldest cities in the world

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Nuuk opens the ranking of the coldest cities on Earth. It is located just 240 kilometers from Arctic Circle. Only thanks to the warm ocean current In this place there is a good temperature, up to +26 degrees. At the same time, the maximum temperature in Nuuk is -32C. There are up to 17,000 people in the town. The vast majority of residents are engaged in fishing. It's worth noting that there are several good educational institutions. TO unique features should include the presence of multi-colored structures.

Next on the list is Russian city called Murmansk, located behind North Pole. Maximum temperature V summer time varies from +30 to +33 degrees. The minimum is -39C. A fairly developed and interesting settlement, including even McDonalds, the Zara chain and many other large stores, brands and entertainment centers. About three hundred thousand people live in the city. We are talking about the only place in the Arctic with such a population density.

The coldest capital on our planet is the city of Ulaanbaatar, whose maximum minimum is -42C. IN hot time air temperature can reach +39C. It is worth adding that on the territory Central Asia you couldn't find a more cruel place. The climate is sharply continental, which is due to the significant distance from ocean waters. Most main city Mongolia is a megacity (population 1.3 million).

Longyearbyen is another city far from the equator, which has the northernmost airport in the world. This Norwegian town is a small town with a population of only 1000 people. However, it is quite suitable for comfortable life, with the exception of one interesting note. You cannot be born and die in Longyearbyen - it is prohibited! Therefore, there are no maternity hospitals or places for burial of people. All human corpses are redirected across the mainland. On the island of Spitsbergen, people make a living through coal mining.

The northernmost and coldest city in the northern United States of America is Barrow. During the coldest period of time, the temperature reaches -47 degrees. In summer it can rise above 26 degrees. It is worth noting that cold weather always hits this locality unexpectedly. Today people get to work by car, but tomorrow they need to use a snowmobile. The day after tomorrow by car again. Because of such changes, living in the city is quite difficult. For the same reason local residents far from culture and modern fashion. The atypical village attracts tourists due to the presence of wild animal skins on fences, etc.

Norilsk, with a population of 170,000 people, is a northern settlement where temperatures can reach -53C. Despite this, it is quite warm here in summer, up to +32C. The city has a developed metallurgical industry, so the environmental situation is not very good; the city itself is included in the ranking of the dirtiest cities in Russia. There is an interesting art gallery and several educational institutions. Living in this Russian city is quite difficult. Due to frost, equipment easily breaks down...

Probably the only city on our list where you can pay by card. But it is not exactly! A fairly modern settlement located at the foot of a river called Lena. Yakutsk is the capital of the Sakha Republic. The city has many different shops, restaurants and entertainment centers. In total, about three hundred thousand people live in Yakutsk. The infrastructure and attractions deserve special attention. There are museums and a developed medium-sized industry.

Verkhoyansk is another cold Russian city, where temperatures can reach -68 degrees. The uniqueness of this place also lies in the fact that in the summer at any time the temperature can change sharply and drop to zero. Winters last a very long time and are experienced quite difficult by the local population. Actually, this fact determines the presence of all, attention, 1200 people. They are engaged in cattle breeding, forestry. From time to time they even earn money by providing services to tourists. Mammoth ivory is mined here.

Our planet keeps many secrets. Exploring some of its secrets, a person seemed to have long ago gotten to the very essence, but more and more new mysteries are being discovered around.

Severe frost is one of those phenomena that humanity has always studied with increased interest. The poles, so inaccessible and at the same time rich and generous, have always attracted the desperate and brave.

In our article we will look at some of the coldest places in the world and talk about their inhabitants, and also touch on such an issue as survival in severe frost. A few of the most interesting facts will help you get the most complete picture of record low temperatures.

World record

Many people remember from school that the most severe frost was recorded at the Russian Vostok station in Antarctica. This place cannot be included in the world rankings, since it is not a populated area at all. However, people live there permanently (in shifts), conducting research work.

The absolute record recorded on planet Earth was -89.2 degrees. This happened on July 21, 1989, and since then such a temperature has never been recorded.

The most severe frosts in history

People began to observe weather conditions and weather quite a long time ago. However, in ancient times, of course, there were no precise instruments that would allow an objective assessment of the situation. Our ancestors left us only subjective judgments about those days when the frost was especially severe.

There is a lot of evidence left. For example, it is known that in 856 the Adriatic Sea froze completely. 1010 was abnormally cold even for Egypt - the Nile was covered with ice. A severe frost that raged in Italy in 1210 froze even the canals of Venice. The frosts of 1322 made it possible to build a sleigh route between Germany and Denmark right along Baltic Sea. And after another 4 years, ice captured the Mediterranean Sea, which usually does not freeze even off the coast. 1709 was a record cold year for residents of France. According to contemporaries, the temperature remained at -24 for several months. They cracked during the ringing church bells, and the wines froze in the cellars. In 1953-1954, frosts shackled almost all of Eurasia; from France to the Urals, temperatures were record low for more than five months. Reservoirs froze, the Sea of ​​Azov was completely covered with ice. Fierce winter returned to Europe ten years later, turning the rivers of Italy and France into an icy mirror.

Of course, Russia has also experienced many cold winters. It was not for nothing that among those who came to the war there were legends about General Frost, who was fighting on the side of the Russians. But for the indigenous population, frosts are so familiar that frozen in ice the river has never seemed like a curiosity worthy of mention in the annals of history. Moreover, if during the strongest periods of the year the reservoir is covered with ice, an ice hole is made in it so that you can swim!

In search of the capital of cold

Some settlements Russia is on the list of the coldest in the world. Residents not only do not want to leave snow-covered cities and towns en masse, but also try to defend the right to call their small homeland capital of the cold.

One of the main contenders for this title is the Russian Oymyakon. This city experiences severe frosts 9 months of the year. The record temperature of -71.2 was recorded in the 29th year of the last century. In these parts -40 Celsius is not considered an unusual event. The population of Oymyakon is small, approximately 600 people. Interestingly, the name is translated from the local dialect as “non-freezing water.” Plain water Of course, it freezes there, but the name of the settlement owes to the hot springs gushing out from under the ground. They can be detected even during and after severe frosts. Oymyakon can safely be awarded the title “The coldest populated area.” An even lower average annual temperature prevails in the village of Deyankyr, also located in Yakutia.

Oymyakon's main competitor is the city of Verkhoyansk. The recorded temperature of -69.8 degrees is considered a serious bid for victory. The history of the city began with a settlement for exiles. Is it possible to think of a punishment as terrible as exile in eternal winter? Once upon a time, undesirables were sent here, but today at least 1.4 thousand people live in Verkhoyansk, apparently happy with their fate and loving their harsh native land. Residents of Verkhoyansk deserve the right to call their small homeland the coldest city.

Many other settlements that are on the list of the most frosty are quite small. Therefore, Irkutsk with a population of 250 thousand falls into our top as the coldest of big cities administrative significance.

Other coldest places

Many settlements are located on the coast and islands Arctic Ocean. Severe frost is common among the population, mainly employed in defense, research and mining enterprises. It's about not only about Russia, but also about the Scandinavian countries, American Alaska, Greenland. A harsh climate also prevails in some mountainous regions (for example, Mongolia and Kazakhstan). But the thermometer there rarely drops below 40, so they cannot compete with Antarctica and the Arctic.

Permafrost

On northern shores in Siberia in February 1982, scientists recorded a record permafrost. Its depth exceeded 1370 meters. There are thick layers of ice that never melt, and in some places their depth reaches 600 meters.

Fauna and flora of the coldest places on the planet

Surprisingly, the regions with the harshest climates are not at all lifeless. Why don't severe frosts scare animals and birds? There are a number protective properties, which are possessed by living creatures inhabiting areas of eternal winter. This is thick waterproof fur and feathers, a thick layer of subcutaneous fat, and special thermoregulation.

The fauna of the Arctic is quite diverse. Several species of mammals live in these parts: polar bears, walruses, arctic foxes and wolves, deer, lemmings, narwhals, whales and killer whales. The number of northern birds is also large, and the cold seas are rich in fish. Antarctica is home to a huge number of penguins (there are none in the northern hemisphere).

In Antarctica, already several hundred miles from South Pole You can find lichens and mosses. They are also common on the opposite pole of the planet. The dominant position is occupied by reindeer moss. Some large plants also tolerate severe cold: birches, coniferous trees. And during short summer in the Far North you can even see flowers. The enormous adaptive potential allows northern plants to survive long frosty winters. They do not die even in severe frosts and wait until the thaw to catch their portion of the sun's rays.

How to survive in severe frost?

Severe frost is especially dangerous for those who grew up in mild climates. What is familiar to northerners can play a fatal role for an unprepared person. To protect yourself from frostbite, everyone needs to know a few simple rules. After all, as we already know, severe frosts sometimes occur even in warm regions.

Firstly, drinking alcohol “to warm up” is unacceptable. Alcohol in no way prevents hypothermia, but only contributes to it, creating a short-term illusion of warmth. Secondly, the need to work outdoors during severe frosts should be alternated with periods of rest in a warm room. If frostbite of the limbs and face is suspected, the victim should be warmed with dry heat and immediately sent to the hospital. You should not hope that the disease will go away on its own. Properly organized regular hardening is of no small importance in the prevention of hypothermia. You should also take your choice of clothing seriously.

Photos of the coldest places on the planet show how beautiful these regions are. Even the most severe frosts do not prevent true connoisseurs from admiring their harsh beauty.