What city was not Mayakovsky? Mayakovsky V.V.

The brilliant works of Vladimir Mayakovsky evoke true admiration among millions of his admirers. He deservedly ranks among the greatest futurist poets of the 20th century. In addition, Mayakovsky proved himself to be an extraordinary playwright, satirist, film director, screenwriter, artist, and editor of several magazines. His life, multifaceted creativity, as well as personal relationships full of love and experiences remain an incompletely solved mystery today.

The talented poet was born in the small Georgian village of Bagdati ( Russian empire). His mother Alexandra Alekseevna belonged to a Cossack family from Kuban, and his father Vladimir Konstantinovich worked as a simple forester. Vladimir had two brothers - Kostya and Sasha, who died in childhood, as well as two sisters - Olya and Lyuda.

Mayakovsky knew the Georgian language very well and from 1902 he studied at the Kutaisi gymnasium. Already in his youth he was captivated by revolutionary ideas, and while studying at the gymnasium, he participated in a revolutionary demonstration.

In 1906, his father died suddenly. The cause of death was blood poisoning, which occurred as a result of a finger prick with an ordinary needle. This event shocked Mayakovsky so much that in the future he completely avoided hairpins and pins, fearing the fate of his father.

In the same 1906, Alexandra Alekseevna and her children moved to Moscow. Vladimir continued his studies at the fifth classical gymnasium, where he attended classes with the poet’s brother, Alexander. However, with the death of his father, the family's financial situation worsened significantly. As a result, in 1908, Vladimir was unable to pay for his education, and he was expelled from the fifth grade of the gymnasium.

Creation

In Moscow, a young guy began to communicate with students who were keen on revolutionary ideas. In 1908, Mayakovsky decided to become a member of the RSDLP and often propagandized among the population. During 1908-1909, Vladimir was arrested three times, but due to his minority and lack of evidence, he was forced to be released.

During the investigations, Mayakovsky could not calmly stay within four walls. Due to constant scandals, he was often transferred to different places of detention. As a result, he ended up in Butyrka prison, where he spent eleven months and began writing poetry.

In 1910, the young poet was released from prison and immediately left the party. IN next year artist Eugenia Lang, with whom Vladimir was on friendly terms, recommended that he take up painting. While studying at the school of painting, sculpture and architecture, he met the founders of the futurist group “Gilea” and joined the Cubo-Futurists.

Mayakovsky's first work to be published was the poem “Night” (1912). At the same time, the young poet made his first public appearance in the artistic basement, which was called “Stray Dog.”

Vladimir, together with members of the Cubo-Futurist group, participated in a tour of Russia, where he gave lectures and his poems. Soon they appeared positive reviews about Mayakovsky, but he was often considered outside the futurists. believed that among the futurists Mayakovsky was the only real poet.

The young poet’s first collection, “I,” was published in 1913 and consisted of only four poems. This year also marks the writing of the rebellious poem “Here!”, in which the author challenges the entire bourgeois society. The following year, Vladimir created a touching poem “Listen,” which amazed readers with its colorfulness and sensitivity.

Attracted genius poet and dramaturgy. The year 1914 was marked by the creation of the tragedy “Vladimir Mayakovsky”, presented to the public on the stage of the St. Petersburg Luna Park Theater. At the same time, Vladimir acted as its director, as well as performer leading role. The main motive of the work was the rebellion of things, which connected the tragedy with the work of the futurists.

In 1914, the young poet firmly decided to voluntarily enlist in the army, but his political unreliability frightened the authorities. He did not get to the front and, in response to neglect, wrote the poem “To You,” in which he gave his assessment tsarist army. In addition, Mayakovsky’s brilliant works soon appeared - “A Cloud in Pants” and “War Has Been Declared”.

The following year, a fateful meeting between Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky and the Brik family took place. From now on, his life was a single whole with Lilya and Osip. From 1915 to 1917, thanks to the patronage of M. Gorky, the poet served in an automobile school. And although he, being a soldier, did not have the right to publish, Osip Brik came to his aid. He acquired two of Vladimir's poems and soon published them.

At the same time, Mayakovsky plunged into the world of satire and in 1915 published the cycle of works “Hymns” in the “New Satyricon”. Soon two large collections of works appeared - “Simple as a Moo” (1916) and “Revolution. Poetochronika" (1917).

October Revolution great poet met at the headquarters of the uprising in Smolny. He immediately began collaborating with new government and participated in the first meetings of cultural figures. Let us note that Mayakovsky led a detachment of soldiers who arrested General P. Sekretev, who ran the automobile school, although he had previously received the medal “For Diligence” from his hands.

The years 1917-1918 were marked by the release of several works by Mayakovsky dedicated to revolutionary events(for example, “Ode to the Revolution”, “Our March”). On the first anniversary of the revolution, the play “Mystery-bouffe” was presented.

Mayakovsky was also interested in filmmaking. In 1919, three films were released, in which Vladimir acted as an actor, screenwriter and director. At the same time, the poet began collaborating with ROSTA and worked on propaganda and satirical posters. At the same time, Mayakovsky worked for the newspaper “Art of the Commune”.

In addition, in 1918, the poet created the Komfut group, the direction of which can be described as communist futurism. But already in 1923, Vladimir organized another group - the “Left Front of the Arts”, as well as the corresponding magazine “LEF”.

At this time, several bright and memorable works of the brilliant poet were created: “About This” (1923), “Sevastopol - Yalta” (1924), “Vladimir Ilyich Lenin” (1924). Let us emphasize that while reading the last poem in Bolshoi Theater was present myself. Mayakovsky's speech was followed by a standing ovation that lasted 20 minutes. In general, it was the years of the civil war that turned out to be for Vladimir best time, which he mentioned in the poem “Good!” (1927).

No less important and eventful was the period of frequent travel for Mayakovsky. During 1922-1924 he visited France, Latvia and Germany, to which he dedicated several works. In 1925, Vladimir went to America, visiting Mexico City, Havana and many US cities.

The beginning of the 20s was marked by heated controversy between Vladimir Mayakovsky and. The latter at that time joined the Imagists - irreconcilable opponents of the Futurists. In addition, Mayakovsky was a poet of the revolution and the city, and Yesenin extolled the countryside in his work.

However, Vladimir could not help but recognize the unconditional talent of his opponent, although he criticized him for his conservatism and addiction to alcohol. In a sense they were kindred spirits– hot-tempered, vulnerable, in constant search and despair. They were even united by the theme of suicide, which was present in the work of both poets.

During 1926-1927, Mayakovsky created 9 film scripts. In addition, in 1927, the poet resumed the activities of the LEF magazine. But a year later he left the magazine and the corresponding organization, completely disillusioned with them. In 1929, Vladimir founded the REF group, but the following year he left it and became a member of RAPP.

At the end of the 20s, Mayakovsky again turned to drama. He is preparing two plays: “The Bedbug” (1928) and “Bathhouse” (1929), intended specifically for Meyerhold’s theater stage. They thoughtfully combine a satirical presentation of the reality of the 20s with a look into the future.

Meyerhold compared Mayakovsky's talent with the genius of Moliere, but critics greeted his new works with devastating comments. In “The Bedbug” they found only artistic shortcomings, but even accusations of an ideological nature were brought against “Bath”. Many newspapers carried extremely offensive articles, and some of them had the headlines “Down with Mayakovism!”

The fateful year of 1930 began for the greatest poet with numerous accusations from his colleagues. Mayakovsky was told that he was not a true “proletarian writer”, but only a “fellow traveler”. But, despite the criticism, in the spring of that year Vladimir decided to take stock of his activities, for which he organized an exhibition called “20 years of work.”

The exhibition reflected all of Mayakovsky's many-sided achievements, but brought complete disappointment. She was not visited former colleagues poet according to LEF, nor the top party leadership. It was a cruel blow, after which a deep wound remained in the poet’s soul.

Death

In 1930, Vladimir was sick a lot and was even afraid of losing his voice, which would put an end to his performances on stage. The poet's personal life turned into an unsuccessful struggle for happiness. He was very lonely, because the Briks, his constant support and consolation, had gone abroad.

Attacks from all sides placed a heavy moral burden on Mayakovsky, and vulnerable soul the poet could not stand it. On April 14, Vladimir Mayakovsky shot himself in the chest, which became the cause of his death.

Grave of Vladimir Mayakovsky

After Mayakovsky's death, his works came under an unspoken ban and were almost never published. In 1936, Lilya Brik wrote a letter to I. Stalin himself asking for assistance in preserving the memory of the great poet. In his resolution, Stalin highly appreciated the achievements of the deceased and gave permission for the publication of Mayakovsky's works and the creation of a museum.

Personal life

The love of Mayakovsky's life was Lilya Brik, whom he met in 1915. At that time, the young poet was dating her sister, Elsa Triolet, and one day the girl brought Vladimir to the Briks’ apartment. There Mayakovsky first read the poem “A Cloud in Pants”, and then solemnly dedicated it to Lila. It is not surprising, but the prototype of the heroine of this poem was the sculptor Maria Denisova, with whom the poet fell in love in 1914.

Soon, a romance broke out between Vladimir and Lilya, while Osip Brik turned a blind eye to his wife’s passion. Lilya became Mayakovsky's muse; it was to her that he dedicated almost all his poems about love. He expressed the boundless depth of his feelings for Brik in the following works: “Flute-Spine”, “Man”, “To Everything”, “Lilichka!” and etc.

The lovers participated together in the filming of the film “Chained by Film” (1918). Moreover, since 1918, Briki and the great poet began to live together, which fit well into the marriage and love concept that existed at that time. They changed their place of residence several times, but each time they settled together. Often Mayakovsky even supported the Brik family, and from all his trips abroad he always brought luxurious gifts to Lila (for example, a Renault car).

Despite the poet’s boundless affection for Lilichka, there were other lovers in his life, who even bore him children. In 1920, Mayakovsky had a close relationship with the artist Lilya Lavinskaya, who gave him a son, Gleb-Nikita (1921-1986).

The year 1926 was marked by another fateful meeting. Vladimir met Ellie Jones, an emigrant from Russia, who gave birth to his daughter Elena-Patricia (1926-2016). The poet also had fleeting relationships with Sofia Shamardina and Natalya Bryukhanenko.

Also in Paris outstanding poet met with emigrant Tatyana Yakovleva. The feelings that flared up between them gradually grew stronger and promised to turn into something serious and lasting. Mayakovsky wanted Yakovleva to come to Moscow, but she refused. Then, in 1929, Vladimir decided to go to Tatiana, but problems with obtaining a visa became an insurmountable obstacle for him.

Vladimir Mayakovsky's last love was the young and married actress Veronica Polonskaya. The poet demanded that the 21-year-old girl leave her husband, but Veronica did not dare to make such serious changes in life, because 36-year-old Mayakovsky seemed contradictory, impulsive and fickle to her.

Difficulties in his relationship with his young lover pushed Mayakovsky to take a fatal step. She was the last person Vladimir saw before his death and tearfully asked her not to go to the planned rehearsal. Before the door could close behind the girl, the fatal shot sounded. Polonskaya did not dare to come to the funeral, because the poet’s relatives considered her to be the culprit in the death of a loved one.

Russian poet, playwright and satirist, screenwriter and editor of several magazines, film director and actor. He is one of the greatest futurist poets of the twentieth century.
Date and place of birth – July 19, 1893, Baghdati, Kutaisi province, Russian Empire.

Today we will tell you about the life of Mayakovsky using facts.

Vladimir Mayakovsky was born in the village of Bagdati, Kutaisi province (in Soviet times, the village was called Mayakovsky) in Georgia, in the family of Vladimir Konstantinovich Mayakovsky (1857-1906), who served as a third-class forester in the Erivan province, from 1889 in the Bagdati forestry.

I want to be understood by my native country,
but I won’t be understood -
Well?!
By home country
I'll pass by
How's it going?
slanting rain.

The poet's mother, Alexandra Alekseevna Pavlenko (1867-1954), from the family Kuban Cossacks, was born in Kuban, in the village of Ternovskaya.

The future poet had two sisters: Lyudmila (1884-1972) and Olga (1890-1949), and two brothers: Konstantin (died at the age of three from scarlet fever) and Alexander (died in infancy).

Could you?

I immediately blurred the map of everyday life,
splashing paint from a glass;
I showed the jelly on the dish
slanting cheekbones of the ocean.
On the scales of a tin fish
I read the calls of new lips.
And you
play nocturne
we could
on the drainpipe flute?

Many streets in cities of Russia and other countries are named after Mayakovsky: Berlin, Dzerzhinsk, Donetsk, Zaporozhye, Izhevsk, Kaliningrad, Kislovodsk, Kyiv, Kutaisi, Minsk, Moscow, Odessa, Penza, Perm, Ruzaevka, Samara, St. Petersburg, Tbilisi, Tuapse, Grozny, Ufa, Khmelnitsky.

In 1902, Mayakovsky entered the gymnasium in Kutaisi. Like his parents, he was fluent in Georgian. He took part in a revolutionary demonstration and read propaganda brochures.

To you!

To you, who live behind the orgy orgy,
having a bathroom and a warm closet!
Shame on you about those presented to George
read from newspaper columns?

Do you know, many mediocre,
those who think it’s better to get drunk how -
maybe now the leg bomb
tore Petrov's lieutenant away?..

If he is brought to slaughter,
suddenly I saw, wounded,
how you have a lip smeared in a cutlet
lustfully humming the Northerner!

Is it for you? loving women yes dishes,
give your life for pleasure?!
I'd rather be at the bar... I'll be
serve pineapple water!

In February 1906, his father died of blood poisoning after pricking his finger with a needle while stitching papers. Since then, Mayakovsky could not stand pins and hairpins, and bacteriophobia remained a lifelong one.

In July 1906, Mayakovsky, together with his mother and sisters, moved to Moscow, where he entered the fourth grade of the 5th classical gymnasium.

The family lived in poverty. In March 1908, he was expelled from the 5th grade due to non-payment of tuition.

Named after Vladimir Mayakovsky minor planet(2931) Mayakovsky, opened on October 16, 1969 by L. I. Chernykh.

Conclusion

Love won't wash away
no quarrel
not a mile.
Thought out
verified
verified.
Raising solemnly the stock-fingered verse,
I swear -
I love
unchanged and true!

Mayakovsky published his first “half-poem” in the illegal magazine “Rush,” which was published by the Third Gymnasium. According to him, “it turned out incredibly revolutionary and equally ugly.”

Three times throughout his life Mayakovsky was arrested.

In Moscow, Mayakovsky met revolutionary-minded students, began to become interested in Marxist literature, and in 1908 joined the RSDLP. He was a propagandist in the commercial and industrial subdistrict, and was arrested three times in 1908-1909.

I always carried a soap dish with me and washed my hands regularly.

In prison, Mayakovsky was a “scandal,” so he was often transferred from unit to unit: Basmannaya, Meshchanskaya, Myasnitskaya and, finally, Butyrskaya prison, where he spent 11 months in solitary confinement No. 103.

During his life, Mayakovsky visited not only Europe, but also America.

It came out stilted and tearful. Something like:

The forests dressed in gold and purple,
The sun played on the heads of the churches.
I waited: but the days were lost in the months,
Hundreds of tedious days.

I filled a whole notebook with this. Thanks to the guards - they took me away when I left. Otherwise I would have printed it!

- “I myself” (1922-1928)

Mayakovsky liked to play billiards and cards, which suggests his love of gambling.

After his third arrest, he was released from prison in January 1910. After his release, he left the party. In 1918 he wrote in his autobiography: “Why not in the party? Communists worked at the fronts. In art and education there are still compromisers. They would send me to fish in Astrakhan.”

In 1930, Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky shot himself, having written a suicide note 2 days before.

In 1911, the poet’s friend, bohemian artist Eugenia Lang, inspired the poet to take up painting.

Who to be?

My years are getting older
will be seventeen.
Where should I work then?
what to do?
Required workers -
joiners and carpenters!
It's tricky to work furniture:
at first
We
take a log
and sawing boards
long and flat.
These boards
like this
clamps
workbench table
From work
saw
glowed white hot.
From under the file
sawdust is falling.
Plane
in hand -
different work:
knots, squiggles
planing with a plane.
Good shavings -
yellow toys.

Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky starred in several films.

On November 30, 1912, Mayakovsky’s first public performance took place in the artistic basement “Stray Dog”.

The steamship, which sank in Riga in 1950, was named after Mayakovsky.

Mayakovsky gave Liliya Brik a ring with the engraving “Lyub”, which meant “I love you”.

Giveaway

Do I entangle a woman in a touching romance,
I just look at the passerby -
everyone carefully holds their pocket.
Funny!
From the poor -
what to cheat from them?

How many years will pass, they will find out for now -
candidate for a fathom of the city morgue –
I
infinitely richer
than any Pierpont Morgan.

After so many, so many years
- in a word, I won’t survive -
I'll die of hunger,
I'll stand under the gun -
me,
today's redhead,
professors will learn to the last iota,
How,
When,
where it appears.

Will
from the pulpit a big-faced idiot
grind something about the god-devil.

The crowd will bow
fawning,
vain.
You won't even know -
I'm not myself:
she will paint a bald head
into horns or radiance.

Every student
before you lie down,
she
will not forget to be transfixed by my poems.
I'm a pessimist
I know -
forever
the student will live on earth.

Listen:

everything that my soul owns,
- and her wealth, go and kill her! –
splendor,
what will decorate my step for eternity
and my very immortality,
which, thundering through all centuries,
a world meeting will gather the kneeling,
do you want all this? –
I'll give it back now
for just one word
affectionate,
human.

People!

Dusting the avenues, trampling the rye,
go from all over the earth.
Today
in Petrograd
on Nadezhdinskaya
not for a penny
The most precious crown is for sale.

For a human word -
isn't it cheap?
Go ahead
try,-
how come
you will find him!

In 1913, Mayakovsky’s first collection “I” (a cycle of four poems) was published. It was written by hand, provided with drawings by Vasily Chekrygin and Lev Zhegin and reproduced lithographically in the amount of 300 copies. As the first section, this collection was included in the poet’s book of poems “Simple as a Moo” (1916).

Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky always gave money to needy old people.

Mayakovsky really liked dogs.

School No. 1 in the city of Jermuk (Armenia) was named in honor of Mayakovsky.

I love

Usually like this

Love is given to anyone born, -
but between services,
income
and other things
from day to day
the soil of the heart hardens.
The body is put on the heart,
on the body - a shirt.
But this is not enough!
One -
idiot!-
made the cuffs
and my breasts began to be filled with starch.
They will come to their senses in old age.
The woman rubs herself.
A man is waving a windmill at Müller.
But it's too late.
The skin multiplies with wrinkles.
Love will bloom
will bloom -
and shrinks.

As a boy

I was moderately gifted with love.
But since childhood
people
laboriously trained.

In 1914-1915, Mayakovsky worked on the poem “A Cloud in Pants”. After the outbreak of the First World War, the poem “War Has Been Declared” was published. In August, Mayakovsky decided to sign up as a volunteer, but he was not allowed, explaining this as political unreliability. Soon Mayakovsky expressed his attitude towards serving in the tsarist army in the poem “To you!”, which later became a song.

Mayakovsky usually composed poetry on the go. Sometimes he had to walk 15-20 km to come up with the right rhyme.

On March 29, 1914, Mayakovsky, together with Burliuk and Kamensky, arrived on tour in Baku - as part of the “famous Moscow futurists.” That evening, at the Mailov Brothers Theater, Mayakovsky read a report on futurism, illustrating it with poetry.

You

Came -
businesslike,
behind the roar,
for growth,
looking at
I just saw a boy.
I took it
took my heart
and just
went to play -
like a girl with a ball.
And each -
a miracle seems to be seen -
where the lady dug in,
where is the girl?
“To love someone like that?
Yes, this one will rush!
Must be a tamer.
Must be from the menagerie!”
And I rejoice.
He is not here -
yoke!
I don’t remember myself from joy,
galloped
Jumped like a wedding Indian,
it was so fun
it was easy for me.

In 1937, the Mayakovsky Library-Museum was opened in Moscow (formerly Gendrikov Lane, now Mayakovsky Lane). Opened in Moscow in January 1974 State Museum Mayakovsky (at Bolshaya Lubyanka). In 2013, the main building of the museum was closed for reconstruction, but exhibitions are still held.

Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky was considered an accomplice in the anti-religious campaign, where he promoted atheism.

In 1915-1917, Mayakovsky, under the patronage of Maxim Gorky, passed military service in Petrograd at the Automotive Training School. Soldiers were not allowed to publish, but he was saved by Osip Brik, who bought the poems “Spine Flute” and “Cloud in Pants” for 50 kopecks per line and published them.

For the creation of the "ladder". Many other poets accused Mayakovsky of cheating.

In 1918, Mayakovsky starred in three films based on his own scripts. In August 1917, he decided to write "Mystery Bouffe", which was completed on October 25, 1918 and staged for the anniversary of the revolution.

Mayakovsky had unrequited love in Paris to the Russian emigrant Tatyana Yakovlevna.

On December 17, 1918, the poet first read the poem “Left March” from the stage of the Matrossky Theater. In March 1919, he moved to Moscow, began actively collaborating with ROSTA (1919-1921), and designed (as a poet and as an artist) propaganda and satirical posters for ROSTA (“Windows of ROSTA”).

Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky had a daughter from Russian emigrant Elizaveta Siebert, who died in 2016.

In 1922-1924, Mayakovsky made several trips abroad - Latvia, France, Germany; wrote essays and poems about European impressions.

Mayakovsky was considered an ardent supporter of the revolution, even though he defended socialist and communist ideals.

In 1925, his longest journey took place: a trip across America. Mayakovsky visited Havana, Mexico City and during three months He performed in various cities of the USA, reading poems and reports.

Over the years of his life, Mayakovsky tried himself as a designer.

Mayakovsky's works were translated into different languages peace.

Me and Napoleon

I live on Bolshaya Presnya,
36, 24.
The place is calm.
Quiet.
Well?
It seems - what do I care?
that somewhere
in the storm-world
took it and invented a war?

Night has come.
Good.
Insinuating.
And why are some young ladies
trembling, timidly turning
huge eyes, like spotlights?
Street crowds to heavenly moisture
fell with burning lips,
and the city, fraying its flag-like little hands,
prays and prays with red crosses.
The bare-haired church of the boulevard
headboard.

In 1927, he restored the LEF magazine under the name “New LEF”. A total of 24 issues were published. In the summer of 1928, Mayakovsky became disillusioned with LEF and left the organization and the magazine. In the same year, he began writing his personal biography, “I Myself.”

Mayakovsky's main needs were travel.

In his works, Mayakovsky was uncompromising, and therefore inconvenient. In the works he wrote in the late 1920s, tragic motifs began to appear. Critics called him only a “fellow traveler” and not the “proletarian writer” that he wanted to see himself.

Mayakovsky and Liliya Brik never hid their relationship, and Liliya’s husband was not against this outcome of events.

In the spring of 1930, the Circus on Tsvetnoy Boulevard was preparing a grandiose performance of “Moscow is Burning” based on Mayakovsky’s play, dress rehearsal was scheduled for April 21, but the poet did not live to see it.

Major publications began publishing Mayakovsky's works only in 1922.

In 1918, Lilya and Vladimir starred in the film “Chained by Film” based on Mayakovsky’s script. To date, the film has survived in fragments. Photographs and a large poster depicting Lilya, entangled in film, also survived.

Tatyana Yakovleva, another beloved woman of Mayakovsky, was 15 years younger than him.

Despite his close communication with Lilya Brik, Mayakovsky’s personal life was not limited to her. According to evidence and materials collected in documentary film Channel One "The Third Extra", which premiered on the 120th anniversary of the poet on July 20, 2013, Mayakovsky is the father of the Soviet sculptor Gleb-Nikita Lavinsky (1921-1986).

Mayakovsky studied in the same class with Pasternak's brother.

In 1926, Mayakovsky received an apartment in Gendrikov Lane, in which the three of them lived with the Briks until 1930 (now Mayakovsky Lane, 15/13).

In 1927, the film “The Third Meshchanskaya” (“Love for Three”), directed by Abram Room, was released. The script was written by Viktor Shklovsky, taking as a basis the well-known “threesome love” between Mayakovsky and the Briks.

The year 1930 started poorly for Mayakovsky. He was sick a lot. In February, Lilya and Osip Brik left for Europe. There was an embarrassment with his long-awaited exhibition “20 Years of Work”, which was not visited by any of the prominent writers and state leaders, as the poet had hoped for. The premiere of the play “Bathhouse” was unsuccessful in March, and the play “The Bedbug” was also expected to fail.

Two days before his suicide, on April 12, Mayakovsky had a meeting with readers in Polytechnic Institute, which brought together mainly Komsomol members; There were many unflattering shouts from the seats. The poet was haunted by quarrels and scandals everywhere. His mental condition became increasingly unstable.

Since the spring of 1919, Mayakovsky, despite the fact that he constantly lived with the Briks, had for work a small boat-like room on the fourth floor of a communal apartment on Lubyanka (now this is the State Museum of V.V. Mayakovsky, Lubyansky proezd, 3/6 p.4). The suicide took place in this room.

Source-Internet

Works on the website Lib.ru Works on Wikisource.

Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky (July 7 (19) ( 18930719 ) , village of Baghdadi, Kutaisi province (modern Baghdati, Imereti region, Georgia) - April 14, Moscow, RSFSR) - Soviet futurist poet, playwright, designer, editor of the magazines "LEF" ("Left Front"), "New LEF" and "REF".

Biography

Vladimir Mayakovsky was born in the village of Baghdadi in Georgia into the family of Vladimir Konstantinovich Mayakovsky (1857-1906), who served as a third-class forester in the Erivan province, from 1889 in the Baghdad forestry. The poet's mother, Alexandra Alekseevna Pavlenko (1867-1954), from a family of Kuban Cossacks, was born in Kuban. Mayakovsky's family tree includes the writer Grigory Petrovich Danilevsky, who in turn had common family roots with the families of A. S. Pushkin and N. V. Gogol. In 1902, Mayakovsky entered the gymnasium in Kutaisi. After the death of his father in 1906, Mayakovsky, his mother and sisters moved to Moscow. In 1906, in Moscow, he entered the fifth gymnasium (now Moscow school No. 91), where he studied in the same class with Pasternak’s brother Shura. He interrupted his studies in 1908 and took up revolutionary activities.

Thanks to his powerful voice, brilliant artistic abilities, powerful stage temperament and incredible charisma, he becomes the clear and unsurpassed leader of all public performances of futurists. However, having a voluminous bass of rich timbre, musical abilities I didn’t have one, and I couldn’t sing, I just recited.

I want to be understood by my native country,
but I won’t be understood -
Well?!
By home country
I'll pass by
How's it going?
slanting rain.

The author then did not dare to include the poems in the text, but in 1928 he published them as part of a critical article, albeit with an apologetic explanation: “Despite all the romance sensitivity (the audience grabs their scarves), I tore out these beautiful, rain-soaked feathers.” There is an opinion that even in the panegyric poem “Good” Mayakovsky mocks the ceremonial officialdom. “He rules with a rod so that he goes to the right. / I'll go right. / Very good." Perhaps this is an involuntary self-parody, but it is also possible that it is a foreshadowing of the postmodern “Policeman” by Prigov. Geniuses often get ahead of themselves.

Now opponents Soviet project they blame Mayakovsky for his commitment to the October Revolution. However, the revolution was sung by Blok, Bryusov, Yesenin, Klyuev, Pasternak (who, however, questioned the feasibility of the revolution in the novel “Doctor Zhivago”), Khlebnikov and many, many others, who sincerely and enthusiastically accepted the revolution as the kingdom of the third testament. Such was the general intoxication with revolutionary romance, including the great poets, praising the changes that had begun in the country, as the road to a wonderful new world opening up before a renewed humanity. Now we can say that the Revolution of 1917 had a colossal romantic charm, brought unprecedented inspiration and renewal to the masses, shaped the way of life of tens of millions of young people, and primarily thanks to the work of V.V. Mayakovsky.

In the poem “At the top of my voice” (1930) there is an affirmation of the sincerity of one’s path and the hope of being understood in the “communist distance.” However, the poem “Bad” mysteriously disappeared. Mayakovsky all his notebooks kept. His sharply satirical plays “The Bedbug” and “Bathhouse” were removed from the repertoire. His anniversary portraits were torn out from the already printed magazine by order from above. In addition, a strange parcel with a revolver arrived from Lubyanka.

Reformer of poetic language, rendered big influence on poetry of the 20th century. Especially on Kirsanov, Voznesensky, Yevtushenko, R. Rozhdestvensky, K. Kedrov. In the poetry of ironists and postmodernists, it is present as a kind of text that was initially commented on and interpreted with the opposite meaning.

He committed suicide (shot himself) on April 14, 1930. At one time there were many rumors that it was a murder, but in the 1990s an examination was carried out based on Mayakovsky’s belongings stored in his museum, which came to the conclusion that he himself shot. However, no examination can be one hundred percent reliable. The suicide version was resolutely rejected by Nikolai Aseev, who shouted directly from the podium: “Something is wrong here! He was killed". Perhaps we will never unravel the mysterious fuss of the special services around the death of the poet. It is completely unclear why ten days after the interrogation last love poet Veronica Polonskaya, the investigator who led this complicated investigation was shot. The case of Mayakovsky's suicide was opened the day before his death. There are more questions and hypotheses here than reliable facts. In the last verses, the poet undoubtedly says goodbye to life and the reasons for his departure are by no means political. love boat crashed into everyday life.” These are not the words of a politician, but of the most tender and subtle lyricist. The ninety-year-old translator of “The Diary of Anne Frank” Rita Wright-Kovalyova said it best about him: “He was gentle!” The best epitaph for a poet who all his life strived to be rude, a son of the era.

Is it for you, who love women and dishes,
give your life for pleasure?!
I'd rather be in the bar whores
serve pineapple water!

To you! (1915)

According to the surviving memoirs of the famous writers of that time, V.P. Kataev and Yu.K. Olesha, the last day of Mayakovsky was reconstructed almost minute by minute. The writers were present in his apartment immediately after the tragic shot and testify that OGPU employees, right in his bedroom, removed Mayakovsky’s brain for transfer to the Brain Institute in order to establish biological nature genius.

The uniqueness of the Mayakovsky phenomenon, its unsurpassed scale creative personality, his poems, striking in their artistic impact, are closely related to the October Revolution. The most powerful, spiritualized, devoted and furious singer of the Revolution and Lenin was one of the founders of Soviet literary classics, a new revolutionary word. How Pushkin is indisputably considered the creator of new Russian literature and poetry XIX century, so Mayakovsky is recognized as the founder of Soviet revolutionary aesthetics, the first creator of the romantic, legendary image of V. I. Lenin. Mayakovsky, with the power of his talent, made events of which he was a contemporary - the First world war, February revolution, October Revolution, Civil War, the era of the NEP - epic. Mayakovsky fearlessly addressed his descendants into the distant future, confident that he would be remembered hundreds of years from now:

My verse will break through the vastness of years
And it will appear weightily, roughly, visibly,
How the water supply system came into being these days,
Made by the slaves of Rome!

It is symbolic that the poet died when it became clear that the Revolution had taken place, when the most acute historical moments were already behind us, life in the USSR was getting better and it became obvious that the course of history was irreversible, and there was no return to pre-revolutionary times. The poet and the Revolution were made for each other, and the fact that there were no more poets and writers of Mayakovsky’s caliber in the USSR can be explained by the fact that there was no longer an event comparable in historical scale to October Revolution

Poet and God

The poet embodies the idea of a person as the crown of a worldview, who has the right not to reckon with anything or anyone that is outside of him. A challenge to Heaven is a challenge to God, a directly stated doubt in his omnipotence.

Almighty, you made up a pair of hands,
did,
that everyone has a head -
why didn't you make it up?
so that there is no pain
kiss, kiss, kiss?!

Cloud in Pants (1914-15)

The reproach to the Almighty turns into a sharp fight against God with extremely blasphemous and at the same time images that cut into the consciousness:

I thought you were an all-powerful god,
and you are a dropout, tiny god.

The work of Mayakovsky, who knew very well Holy Bible, is full of quotes and hidden references to him, and a constant debate with him.

Cinema

In 1918, Mayakovsky wrote the script for the film “Not Born for Money” based on Jack London’s novel “Martin Eden”. The poet himself played the main role of Ivan Nov. Not a single copy of this film has survived.

Literature

Nikolay Aseev. Mayakovsky begins (poem)
Valentin Kataev. My Diamond Crown (“About the Commander”)
Yuri Olesha. Vl. Mayakovsky
Benedict Livshits. One and a half eyed Sagittarius
Iskrzhitskaya I. Yu., Kormilov S. I. Vladimir Mayakovsky. M.: Moscow State University Publishing House, 1999. (Rereading the classics).
Alfonsov V.N. In conflict with beloved art // Words and colors
Alfonsov V. N. Poet-painter // Words and colors
I. P. Smirnov. The place of the “mythopoetic” approach to a literary work among other interpretations of the text (about Mayakovsky’s poem “That’s how I became a dog”) // Myth - folklore - literature. L.: 1978. S. 186-203.
Pin L.

The famous and beloved futurist poet Vladimir Mayakovsky in Russia was born in the town of Baghdadi, which is located in the Kutaisi province, on July 19, 1893. He is widely known as an excellent playwright, a talented journalist, a wonderful screenwriter and director, and an excellent artist. Creative biography Mayakovsky made him a symbol of his era. Vladimir Vladimirovich is one of the most famous artists of the Soviet period.

short biography Mayakovsky

The poet comes from a noble family. His father served as a forester in the Transcaucasian Erivan province. In 1902, Vladimir was sent to study at the city gymnasium. However, four years later, the poet’s father suddenly dies. After that tragic event the family moves to live in Moscow.

In the capital, Mayakovsky, having passed the exams, becomes a student at the fifth classical gymnasium. But already in 1908 he was expelled from educational institution due to non-payment.

Even in the Caucasus, Vladimir takes part in student demonstrations. After he ended up in Moscow, fate brings him together with young people involved in the dissemination of revolutionary ideas. He becomes one of the members of the RSDLP and conducts propaganda work among the workers, for which he is arrested several times.

Mayakovsky's biography indicates that it was this circumstance that influenced the formation of the poet as a revolutionary. During 1908-09, Vladimir Vladimirovich managed to go to jail three times and was released due to lack of evidence. However, he had to remain in custody for eleven months. It was during this time that the first poems that Mayakovsky wrote appeared.

The biography and work of Vladimir Vladimirovich are closely interconnected. His stay in prison marked the beginning of his development as a poet.

After being released from prison, Mayakovsky entered the preparatory class where he studied with artists S. Zhukov and P. Kelin. After some time, the young poet’s poems are already published in almanacs. But soon he was expelled from this educational institution for participating in unauthorized futurists.

In 1912, in one of the almanacs of the Gileya group, a manifesto was published under the authorship of V. Mayakovsky and V. Khlebnikov, etc. It stated the importance of creating a new literary language, responsible modern era, not subject to traditional literary canons. The embodiment of these ideas was the production of the tragedy “Vladimir Mayakovsky” in St. Petersburg in 1913, where the author acted as the leading actor and director. At the same time, a collection of poems entitled “I” was published.

During the First World War, he created works exposing the senselessness and cruelty of military operations. One of them is "Cloud in Pants", which predicts the coming revolution.

Mayakovsky's biography indicates the poet's active social activities. In 1918, he created the Komfut association, which translated means communist futurism, published in the weekly Art of the Commune.

In 1920, Vladimir Vladimirovich joined the creative association LEF, where he met S. Tretyakov and B. Pasternak and other figures various areas arts

In the twenties, Mayakovsky worked simultaneously in several directions. He is a correspondent for a number of Soviet newspapers. In order to promote new values, he writes ditties, poetry and topical satire. During this period, the poems “Good!” were created. and "Vladimir Ilyich Lenin".

The poet often visits foreign countries, where he gets ideas for creating “anti-bourgeois” poems. He travels around the country a lot, reading his stories from the stage. best works. Vladimir Vladimirovich’s speeches, intended for a simple listener, were accompanied by jokes and improvisations.

Mayakovsky's biography indicates that the 30s were turning point in the life of a poet. In addition to failures in his personal life and constant conflict with the outside world, he is in danger of losing his voice. The last straw was the disastrous production of the play “Bathhouse”. These and other factors provoked Mayakovsky to commit suicide.

After the death of the poet, his works fell under the ban, which was lifted by I. Stalin only in 1939, at the request of L. Brik.

Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky was born into the family of a forester. In 1906, after the death of his father, the family moved to Moscow. Mayakovsky studied at the Moscow gymnasium. He communicated with Bolshevik students, joined the party, and was co-opted into the Moscow Committee of the RSDLP(b) (1908). He was arrested three times, and in 1909 he was imprisoned in solitary confinement in the Butyrka prison. Having left prison, where he began to write poetry, Mayakovsky decides to “make socialist art”: “I interrupted party work. I sat down to study.” In 1911 Mayakovsky entered the Moscow school painting, sculpture and architecture. The first ones date back to 1912 poetic experiments, associated with the theory and practice of the Cubo-Futurist group, who attracted him with their protest against the foundations bourgeois society. But if the anti-aestheticism of the futurists manifested itself mainly in the field of “pure” form, then Mayakovsky perceived it in his own way, as an approach to solving the problem - to create a new democratic poetic language. He will say about this in the revolutionary poem “A Cloud in Pants” (1915): “...The street is writhing, tongueless - it has nothing to shout or talk with.”

Mayakovsky's work in its social sound did not fit into the framework of futurism, which was especially evident in the tragedy "Vladimir Mayakovsky" (staged in 1913). The pathos of the tragedy is in protest against the institutions of bourgeois society, against the power of “soulless things.” The tragedy ultimately goes back to the sentiments of the masses, outraged by the injustice of the world, but not yet aware of their power. The pathos of denial of bourgeois reality is also palpable in the poet’s early poems (“Hell of the City,” “Here!”). For participating in public literary performances of the futurists, Mayakovsky was expelled from the school (1914). The beginning of the First World War of 1914-18 was reflected in his work in a non-linear way: in the article “State Shrapnel” (November 1914) he wrote that “today we need hymns...”, but in the poem “War has been declared” (July 1914 g.) and “Mom and the evening killed by the Germans” (November 1914) showed his disgust for the war, for its bloody nonsense. In poems published in the magazine "New Satyricon" ("Hymn to the Judge", "Hymn to the Scientist", "Hymn to the Bribe"), Mayakovsky gives sarcastic "praise" to the abominations of life, in which honest work becomes the subject of blasphemy, clear conscience and high art.

The poem “Cloud in Pants” was a new stage. ““Down with your love”, “Down with your art”, “Down with your system”, “Down with your religion” - four cries of four parts,” - this is how the poet himself characterized the main social and aesthetic orientation of “The Cloud”. The poem reflected the growing strength of millions spontaneously rising against capitalism and realizing their path in the struggle. The main pathos of Mayakovsky's pre-October poems - "The Spine Flute" (1916), "War and Peace" (separate edition - 1917), "Man" (1916-17, published in 1918) - was protest against bourgeois relations that crippled the true nature of Man. This brought the poet closer to M. Gorky, who, distinguishing him from the futurists, attracted him to participate in the journal "Chronicle".

Having joyfully greeted the October Revolution, Mayakovsky defined his position: “My revolution. I went to Smolny. I worked. Whatever I had to do.” The poet sought to aesthetically comprehend the “stunning facts” of the new socialist reality. Before October, Mayakovsky did not have a clear social perspective. Some dogmas of the futurist group left their mark on the peculiarities of the form of his poems and on the system of social and aesthetic views. After the October Revolution, Mayakovsky’s work acquired a new social and aesthetic coloring, determined by the struggle for the ideals of communism (both in a positive and satirical sense). This was already reflected in the play "Mystery-bouffe" (1918, 2nd version, 1921) - "... a heroic, epic and satirical depiction of our era", the first Soviet play on modern theme. Asserting greatness and heroism ordinary people, Mayakovsky exposed the creative impotence of the bourgeoisie; Only the “unclean” with their moral purity and class solidarity can build the “ark” of the new world. In “The Left March” (1918), a kind of hymn to proletarian power and determination, the poet called for a fight against the enemies of the revolution. But Mayakovsky's aesthetic palette was multicolored: in the poem " Good attitude to horses" (1918), he advocated the richness of emotions of the new person, who should have access to sympathy for all living things, all the defenseless.

The humanistic orientation of Mayakovsky's poetry acquired something new social quality. The poem "150,000,000" (1919-20, 1st edition without the author's name, 1921) asserted the leading role of the Russian people as a herald socialist revolution. V.I. Lenin negatively perceived the poem, seeing in it an example of futurism, which he had a negative attitude towards. During these years, Mayakovsky began to pave the way for truly democratic art, in tune with the mood of the masses. Having moved to Moscow in March 1919, he works at Windows of ROSTA - he draws posters with poetic texts of a propaganda nature (over 3 years, about 1,100 “windows” were created). In these posters, as well as in Mayakovsky’s industrial and book graphics of the 20s, his talent and experience as an artist, his catchy and laconic style were especially clearly demonstrated (Mayakovsky addressed fine arts starting from the 10s; His numerous portrait sketches, sketches of popular prints, and theatrical works have been preserved). This activity of the “worker poet,” who gave his pen and brush to the needs of the revolution, was deeply organic for Mayakovsky and corresponded to his aesthetic concept of the invasion of art into reality.

In Mayakovsky's poetry of the 20s, a new type of lyrical hero appears: he does not separate his intimate world from big world social storms, does not think of the intimate outside the social - “I Love” (1922), “About This” (1923), “Letter to Tatyana Yakovleva” (1928) and others. As a result of Mayakovsky's trips to capitalist countries (USA, Germany, France, Cuba and others), the cycles of poems "Paris" (1924-25) and "Poems about America" (1925-26) appeared. Mayakovsky acted as the plenipotentiary representative of the young socialist state, challenging the bourgeois system

The pathos of namelessness (“I sing millions”) in the poet’s work gave way to a more harmonious concept of personality. Like M. Gorky, Mayakovsky stands at the origins of Soviet Leninism. In the poem "Vladimir Ilyich Lenin" (1924), the activities of the leader proletarian revolution artistically recreated on a wide historical background. Mayakovsky realized great value the personality of Lenin - “the most humane person”, the “organizer of victory” of the proletariat. The poem was a hymn to the “attacking class” - the proletariat and its party. Feeling like “... a soldier in a line of billions” (ibid., volume 7, 1958, p. 166), Mayakovsky considered aspiration towards a communist future as a criterion for all creative activity, including poetic activity. "...A great feeling called class" was the main one driving force creativity of Mayakovsky of the Soviet era. The poem "Good!" (1927) A.V. Lunacharsky called it “the October Revolution cast in bronze”; Mayakovsky sang here the “spring of humanity” - his socialist fatherland. Along with Gorky, Mayakovsky becomes the founder of socialist realism in Soviet literature.

During these years, Mayakovsky created such lyrical masterpieces as “To Comrade Nette, the Ship and the Man”, “Sergei Yesenin” (both 1926), “Poems about the Soviet Passport” (1929) and others.

Mayakovsky's lyricism is comprehensive - it expresses unprecedented spiritual growth man of the new society. Mayakovsky - lyricist, tribune, satirist - a poet of a huge, “solid heart.” Faith in the triumph of communist ideals is combined in his poems with irreconcilability towards everything that interferes with “rushing into tomorrow, forward.” Mayakovsky's speech against bureaucracy and the fuss of the bench in the poem "The Seated" (1922) caused Lenin great "pleasure". Inspired by the approval of the leader of the revolution, Mayakovsky later smashed all sorts of “pompadours” who clung to the party and covered their selfish, petty-bourgeois insides with a party card (“Pompadour”, 1928, “Conversation with Comrade Lenin”, 1929). In the poems of the late 20s, in the plays "The Bedbug" (1928, staged in 1929) and "Bathhouse" (1929, staged in 1930), a whole gallery of types appeared, dangerous for their social mimicry and empty demagoguery. Satirical plays Mayakovsky, innovative both in content and form, played a big role in the development of Soviet drama.

Mayakovsky created an innovative poetic system that largely determined the development of both Soviet and world poetry; Nazim Hikmet, Louis Aragon, Pablo Neruda, I. Becher and others experienced its impact. Based on his ideological and artistic task, Mayakovsky significantly reformed Russian verse. New type the lyrical hero with his revolutionary attitude to reality contributed to the formation of a new poetics of maximum expressiveness: the entire system of the poet’s artistic means is aimed at the extremely dramatized verbal expression of the thoughts and feelings of the lyrical hero. This is reflected in the system of graphic notations: increased expressiveness is conveyed through changes within traditional spelling and punctuation, and the introduction of new techniques for graphically fixing text - the “column”, and since 1923 - the “ladder”, reflecting pausing. The desire for maximum expressiveness of verse passes along different lines: vocabulary and phraseology, rhythm, intonation, rhyme.

Mayakovsky headed literary group LEF (Left Arts Front) and later REF (Revolutionary Arts Front); edited the magazine "LEF" (1923-25) and "New LEF" (1927-28), but came to the conclusion that closed groups interfere with normal creative communication Soviet writers, and in February 1930 joined the RAPP, which he considered as a mass literary organization. Difficult situation recent years personal life and literary struggle led Mayakovsky to depression and suicide. The poem "At the top of my voice" (1930) is perceived as Mayakovsky's poetic testament, full of deep inner faith in the triumph of communism. Mayakovsky's work is widely studied both in the USSR, where a number of major monographic studies have been created, and abroad. However, his poetry was the object of subjectivist interpretation on the part of the so-called Sovietologists, who were trying to distort Mayakovsky’s poetic image and emasculate the revolutionary content of his poetry. Mayakovsky's works have been translated into all major languages Soviet Union and foreign countries.

In 1937, the Mayakovsky Library-Museum was opened in Moscow (formerly Gendrikov Lane, now Mayakovsky Lane); in January 1974, the State Mayakovsky Museum was opened in Moscow. In 1941, the Mayakovsky Museum was opened in the village of Mayakovsky (former village of Baghdadi) of the Georgian SSR.