From European to World War. II

Information sheet 1.

Questions:

"Information Sheet No. 2"

Information sheet No. 2.

View document contents
"Information Sheet No. 3 on the Road to World War II"

Information sheet 3.

:

In any case, both governments will resolve this issue through friendly agreement.

Questions:

For what period was it concluded?

View document contents
"Group Master Worksheet"

Main group worksheet

Group composition

View document contents
“Lesson for the competition of methodological developments of the VG APKRO”

Lesson on general history, history of modern times

11th grade

Lesson topic: “On the way to the Second World War”

45 minutes.

Prepared by: teacher of history and social studies, Municipal Educational Institution Secondary School No. 35, Krasnooktyabrsky District, Volgograd, Dzhevelo T.V.

Textbook: Volobuev O.V., Ponomarev M.V., Rogozhkin V.A. “General history.

XX – early XXI centuries. 11th grade. Basic level." Publishing house "Drofa", 2012

Lesson type– a lesson in learning new material.

Lesson form– group, whole class.

Target: summarize and systematize the knowledge acquired by students on the topic of international relations in the 30s of the 20th century using technology critical thinking.

Lesson objectives:

- Educational:

1. Identify the causes and consequences of the emergence of a policy of appeasement and collective security and the emergence of aggressor countries.

2. Establish the causes of the Second World War;

- Developmental:

1. Promote the development of skills to establish cause-and-effect relationships,

identify basic patterns historical process, generalize and systematize facts.

2. Contribute to the development of communication skills in cognitive search - listen to opponents, correctly construct speech phrases, conduct polemics and find a compromise solution in a dispute;

- Educational:

1. Promote the adoption of a value system based on the denial of aggression as a way of resolving conflicts.

Lesson equipment: computer, presentation on the topic, tasks for groups, tape on desks.

Lesson preparation: the class is divided into 3 study groups. Each of them receives assignments to study the problems of international relations of the 30s of the XX century.

Lesson progress

Appendix No. 1

Information sheet 1.

Features of international relations of the early 30s

International relations in the 1930s were different from those on the eve of the First World War. In the 1930s, only a small group of countries sought war, while most I didn't want this. There was real opportunity to extinguish the hotbeds of war, everything depended on the ability of the world community to organize joint actions.

The first test of this ability was the economic crisis. It was global, and it made more sense to fight its consequences together.

However, an inability to act together was revealed: the United States established the highest customs duties, Great Britain established an exchange rate for the pound that created the conditions for expanding the export of British goods. Other countries followed suit. A real customs and currency war began, which disorganized world trade and deepened the crisis. Each country tried to shift the burden of the crisis onto others, economic rivalry increased, and the ability to act together was lost. There was no understanding of the integrity and indivisibility of the world.

The growing tension in the world has given rise to a desire in the United States to retire to its “American fortress.” The most rich country with colossal resources and the ability to influence world events, it seemed to have fallen out of world politics. This dramatically increased the aggressors' chances of success.

Hitler's rise to power was not immediately perceived as a radical turn in German politics. For a long time he was seen only as a strong national leader seeking to restore justice for Germany. The Nazi plans to redistribute the world were not taken seriously at first. The death camps had not yet operated, and the peoples of Europe had not experienced the horrors of occupation. All this was ahead. To many politicians, Hitler seemed like a leader with whom it was entirely possible to do business.

Questions:

How was the international situation different in the 1930s compared to 1914?

How did the global economic crisis affect international relations in the 1930s?

What position did the United States take in the current events?

How did they react to the appearance of Hitler?

Appendix No. 2.

Information sheet No. 2.

The policy of appeasement and the policy of collective security: essence, implementation, reasons for failure.

Implementation of the policy of pacification.

In 1938, Hitler decided to begin implementing his foreign policy program: the redrawing of borders in order to include all regions inhabited by Germans into Germany. First on the list was Austria, Hitler's birthplace. Hitler issued an ultimatum demanding that power in Austria be transferred to the hands of local Nazis. They invited German troops to help them restore order. On March 12, 1938, the Wehrmacht invaded Austria. Its independence was eliminated and it became a region of Germany. Although most Austrians enthusiastically accepted the annexation, seeing only the future of the country in it. But one way or another it ceased to exist in Europe sovereign state. Nobody could stop this.

Following this, Hitler made claims against Czechoslovakia, demanding the annexation of the Sudetenland, populated mainly by Germans, to Germany. But Czechoslovakia turned out to be a tough nut to crack. She had one of the best armies in Europe and was not going to give in. Hitler decided to achieve the separation of the Sudetenland, frightening the great powers with the prospect of new war. On September 30, 1938, in Munich, with the participation of England, Germany, Italy and France, it was decided to satisfy Hitler's claims. Czechoslovakia, which was not even invited to the conference, lost 1/5 of its territory, the border was 40 km from Prague.

Question: What were the results of the pacification policy by the end of 1938?

The collapse of the policy of appeasement.

March-April 1939 provision by England and France of guarantees of military assistance to all states bordering Germany in the event of an attack by Germany.

Question: What actions of England and France indicated that their policy of appeasement was a complete failure?

Appendix No. 3.

Information sheet 3.

“Article 1. Both Contracting Parties undertake to refrain from any violence, from any aggressive action and any attack against each other, either individually or jointly with other powers.

Article 2. In the event that one of the Contracting Parties becomes the object of military action by a third power, the other Contracting Party will not support this power in any form.

Article 3. The Governments of both Contracting Parties will remain in future contact with each other for consultation in order to inform each other about matters affecting their common interests.

Article 4. Neither Contracting Party will participate in any grouping of powers that is directly or indirectly directed against the other party.

Article 6. This agreement is concluded for a period of ten years.”

From the Secret Additional Protocol to the Non-Aggression Pact between Germany and the Soviet Union, August 23, 1939.:

“On the occasion of the signing of the Non-Aggression Pact between Germany and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics The undersigned representatives of both sides discussed in strictly confidential conversations the issue of delimiting their spheres of influence in Eastern Europe.

These conversations led to agreement as follows:

In the event of territorial and political changes in areas belonging to Baltic states(Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania), the northern border of Lithuania will be the line dividing the spheres of influence of Germany and the USSR.

In the event of territorial and political transformations in areas belonging to the Polish state, the spheres of influence of Germany and the USSR will be delimited approximately along the line of Narev, Vistula and San

The question of whether it is in the interests of both parties to maintain independence Polish state and what will be the boundaries of this state will be finally decided in the course of the future political development.

In any case, both governments will resolve this issue through friendly agreement.

Regarding South-Eastern Europe Soviet side indicated its interest in Bessarabia. The German side clearly stated its complete political disinterest in these territories.

This protocol is considered by both parties to be strictly confidential.”

Questions:

Did the treaty comply with international law?

For what period was it concluded?

Did he violate the interests of other states?

What benefits did each state receive by signing this document?

Appendix No. 4.

Main group worksheet

Group composition

1____________________________________

2 ___________________________________

3 ___________________________________

4 ___________________________________

5 ___________________________________

Lesson topic: “On the way to the Second World War”

1. Hotbeds of military danger and rapprochement of aggressors

2. Features of international relations of the early 30s

3. The policy of appeasement and the policy of collective security

4. Foreign policy of the USSR in the 30s.

What were the causes of the Second World War?

How did the non-aggression pact influence the international situation in the pre-war years?

List of used literature:

Korotkova M.V. Methods of conducting games and discussions in history lessons. M., 2001.

Gurevich A. Ya. History of the 20th century in search of a method. M., 1999.

Vyazemsky E. E., Strelova O. Yu. How to teach history today. M., 1999.

Selevko G.K. Modern educational technologies. M.: Education, 1998.

View presentation content
"On the Road to World War II"

World economic crisis

What led to the Second World War? What were her reasons? Could it have been prevented?

WHY?

World economic crisis

• 1. Hotbeds of military danger and rapprochement of aggressors
• 2. Reasons for underestimating the danger to the world
• 3. Policy of appeasement and policy of collective security
• 4. Foreign policy of the USSR in the 30s.

Hotbeds of military danger in the world and the rapprochement of aggressors

Japan

Germany

Italy

• 1931 – occupation of Manchuria;
• 1933 – withdrawal from the League of Nations.

• 1933 – withdrawal from the League of Nations;
• 1934 – creation of military aviation;
• 1935 – introduction of universal military service;
• 1936 - entry of German troops into the Rhine demilitarized zone.

• 1935 – occupation of Ethiopia.

• 1936-1937 – “ Anti-Comintern Pact"

• a small group of countries sought war;
• priority internal problems before external ones;
• lack of understanding of the integrity and indivisibility of the world;
• US isolationism;
• underestimating the danger of Hitler's Nazi plans.

The policy of appeasement and the policy of collective security

Collective Security Policy

Appeasement policy

Germany

France + USSR

England

1934 - admission of the USSR to the League of Nations 1935 - Soviet-French treaty 1936 - Soviet-Czechoslovak treaty

• 30.09.1938 – Munich agreement

• 13.03.1938 –

• Anschluss of Austria

France

Foreign policy of the USSR in the 30s.

England + France

USSR

Germany

• 03/15/1939 – occupation of the Czech Republic, Moravia;
• 03/21/1939 – capture of Danzig (Poland);
• 03/22/1939 – occupation of Memel (Lithuania)

April 1939 - provision of guarantees of military assistance to states bordering Germany.

08/11/1939 – beginning of Anglo-Franco-Soviet negotiations

08/21/1939 – Hitler’s telegram to Stalin

08/23/1939 – Non-Aggression Pact

Benefits,

received by Germany

Benefits,

received by the USSR

Benefits received by Germany from concluding a non-aggression pact

• Opportunity to begin capturing the first bastion in the east (Poland)
• Eliminating the threat of war on several fronts -

Benefits received by the USSR from the conclusion of a non-aggression treaty

• Gain time to strengthen the country's defense –

1 year 10 months

• Expansion of Soviet territory – for 460 thousand sq. km
• Shifting the borders of the USSR to the West – for 200-350 km
• Eliminating the threat of war on two fronts –

• Failure of attempts by England and France to drag the USSR into a war with Germany – August-September 1939

• the bloodiest
• the most cruel
• covering 61 countries of the world - 80% of the world's population.
• The death toll was 65-66 million people,

of which 27 million are Soviet people

Could it have been prevented?

• Answer the questions:
• What were the causes of World War II?
• How did the non-aggression pact influence the international situation in the pre-war years?
• Compile a chronology of the events of the first period of the war September 1, 1939 - June 22, 1941
• § 8, 9

The threat of the Second World War arose immediately after the end of the First World War, despite the stable pacifist sentiments of some European countries and the United States.

Prerequisites for the denouement of the Second World War

The post-war redivision of the world in the early 20s greatly infringed on economic and territorial interests defeated states, as well as the national pride of their citizens. Since the 20s of the 20th century, Germany and Italy were not considered by the world community as potential political leaders: Countries were burdened with paying reparations.

However, with the establishment of totalitarian regimes in the defeated states, their national economy began to rapidly strengthen, and along with it the level of the military industry actively increased. By manipulating the national sentiments of the masses, the fascist leaders prepared fertile ground to unleash a new war, placing the main emphasis on the propaganda education of the younger generation.

The confrontation and fall of powerful empires - Russian and Austria - added fuel to the fire. - Hungarian, on the ruins of which more than a dozen new states with very disputed borders were formed. Along with European states, claims from Germany were also made against Soviet Russia.

In addition to territorial disputes between the countries, there was also an ideological issue. A. Hitler’s plans did not include the construction of a socialist world society, the ideas of which were actively introduced by Stalin. Also Soviet leader It also represented significant competition for the Fuhrer, who did not intend to share the laurels of his fame and influence with anyone.

Start of hostilities

At its initial stage, the Second World War had the character of an intra-continental confrontation, as clearly evidenced by the neutral position of the United States, whose government swore off interfering in the internal strife of Europeans. The first victim fascist aggression Poland became the most vulnerable state, since it had neither military potential nor political weight in Europe.

To the territory of the state Nazi troops invaded on September 1, 1939, on the same day France and England, who had military agreements with the Polish government, entered the war. A month later, October 6 Polish troops surrendered unconditionally.

Hitler initiated a conference at which world leaders were to ratify an agreement on the division of Polish lands. In fact, this was the only chance to prevent the scale of future hostilities, but European governments refused, which significantly increased Nazi aggression.

European Blitzkrieg and the invasion of Asia and Africa

Spring 1940 fascist german army began to take over European states. During the Danish-Norwegian and Frankish campaigns, Hitler's troops were able to establish occupation regimes in all of them within a few months. European countries. It should be noted that the aggressor did not encounter visible resistance - the leading countries, which for many years boasted of their military potential, surrendered to the fascists virtually without a fight.

Thus, within a few weeks, Great Britain and France were captured. The capitulation of Europe opened the way for the Nazis to the Balkans, Africa and Asia. As a result of the Iraqi, Greek, Syrian and Yugoslav operations, in the first half of 1941 the German occupation regimes were installed in most countries of the continent.

During this period main ally fascists, militaristic Japan, begins to actively join the confrontation, unfolding fighting in China and Thailand. At the beginning of 1941 the war fascist Germany announced Australia and New Zealand, although the de facto governments of these states were in no hurry to engage in military action.

Need help with your studies?

History lesson outline.

Topic: “International relations in the 1930s. The beginning of the Second World War."

Goals. I). Educational purpose

Describe the initial period of the Great Patriotic War.

Tasks: 1. Characterize international relations of the 1930s;

2. Identify the reasons for the collapse of the collective security policy;

3. Find out the role of the Soviet Union and Germany in starting the war, create conditions for reasoning about patterns, about the role of subjective and objective factors in history; developing: developing the ability to analyze historical documents, students’ ability to compare different versions and assessments of historical events and personalities;

4. Consider Munich Agreement and the Molotov-Ribbentropp Pact, the course of military operations of the Polish campaign of 1939;

II). Developmental goal

To promote the formation of independent work of students (highlight the main thing, compare, draw conclusions, work with the textbook); continue to develop students’ skills to systematize historical material in the form reference diagram, tables, the ability to establish cause-and-effect relationships between phenomena, analyze historical documents;

III). Educational purpose

Contribute to the formation of a sense of patriotism, a sense of pride in one’s homeland; formation of spiritual and moral qualities of students.

Basic tutorial: General history, XX-early XXI century for 9th grade, Aleksashkina L.N., 2012.

Lesson type : learning new material, combined.

Methods : verbal, visual, explanatory and illustrative, method of independent work.

Equipment : textbook, map, portraits of famous personalities, handout, rector.

Basic Concepts : collective security policy, blitzkrieg, Reich, Wehrmacht, tactics, strategy, mobilization, evacuation, denunciation.

Personalities: I.V. Stalin, A. Hitler, E. Rydz-Smigly, Molotov, Ribbentropp

Lesson progress

First stage. (Updating what was previously studied - homework survey.)

Statement of the problematic question:

1. What new contradictions emerged between the countries of the world following the First World War? Tell us about the results of the First World War in Europe.

(Answer. 1 The student talks about the treaty with Germany.)

(Answer 2 The student talks about the treaty with Austria).

(Answer 3 The student talks about the treaty with Turkey and Bulgaria) Show territorial changes on the map.

(Answer 4. Student talks about the League of Nations) 1

Second stage. (Learning new material. Verbal method). The teacher talks about the “Great Depression”, its impact on the economy and political development of European countries. Particular attention should be paid to the successes of the NSDAP, its program to destroy the foundations of the Versailles world order. It is important to note the role of Stalin, who forbade the communists to run in elections together with the Social Democrats. Thus, the conditions were created for the Nazis to come to power and the strengthening of revanchist sentiments.

The global crisis of 1929-1933, which sharply aggravated the economic and social situation in many countries, also affected international relations. Economic cooperation was curtailed. This helped Germany get rid of the obligation to pay the remaining reparations. Referring to the hardships of the crisis, the German government achieved a deferment of payments, and then an agreement to buy back its reparation obligations. With the Nazis coming to power, this issue was completely buried.

Taking advantage of the fact that the Western powers were busy overcoming the consequences of the crisis, Japan took active action in the Far East in the early 1930s. In the fall of 1931, its troops invaded Manchuria, which was part of China. On the occupied territory in March 1932, the “independent state” of Manchukuo was proclaimed, led by the former Chinese emperor Pu Yi, overthrown as a result of the revolution of 1911-1913. Attempts by the League of Nations to stop Japanese aggression and resolve the conflict were unsuccessful. In the spring of 1933, Japan withdrew from the League of Nations. In the summer of 1937, the Japanese army occupied the eastern provinces of China, and a protracted Sino-Japanese War began. When the international disarmament conference, which had been in preparation for several years, finally convened in 1932, Germany demanded “equality of arms” and then refused to participate in the conference altogether. Following this, she announced her withdrawal from the League of Nations (1933). The time has come to develop and implement plans of conquest. March 1, 1935. - the Saar industrial region passed to Germany (based on the results of the plebiscite). October 3, 1935. - Italy attacked Ethiopia without declaring war; League of Nations sanctions against the aggressor were ineffective. March 7, 1936. - German troops occupied the demilitarized Rhineland. October 25, 1936- an agreement was signed between Germany and Italy (the so-called Berlin-Rome axis was created). November 25, 1936- Germany and Japan signed the Anti-Comintern Pact, later Italy joined it (November 1937). March 12-13, 1938- Anschluss (annexation) of Austria by Germany. September 22, 1938- Hitler demanded that the Sudetenland, a border region of Czechoslovakia, where part of the population was German, be transferred to Germany.

The culminating event in the policy of “pacifying” the aggressors was the Munich Agreement, signed by A. Hitler, B. Mussolini, British Prime Minister N. Chamberlain and head of the French government E. Daladier 2 .

Third stage. (Learning new material.Work in groups. Verbal method). The task of each group is to compile a summary of a paragraph on a given topic, answer questions and tell it to classmates.

Topics for groups on working with literature and sources.

1). Creation of a collective security system. Search for allies 3 . (work with a textbook and fragments of treaties with France and Czechoslovakia). Students should know the answers to the questions: What was the main goal of Soviet foreign policy in the 30s? What is the essence of the collective security system proposed by the USSR? Why did the democratic powers of the West not support the USSR in its struggle to create a system of collective security? What are the reasons for failure?

After the group's performance, the teacher can ask additional questions, for example: Compare the proposals of the USSR and Great Britain on the measures that the contracting countries should have taken in the event of German aggression. What, in your opinion, is the fundamental difference between the position of the USSR and the position of its European negotiating partners? What position did Poland occupy in international relations? Why do you think?

2). The Munich Agreement, its consequences (students work with the textbook from (116-117) 4 and source 5 ). What was the content of the Munich Agreement? - What was the attitude of the USSR to the results of the agreement concluded in Munich? – What was the reaction to the signing of this agreement in the world?

After the group's presentation, additional questions may be asked, for example: Clarify who is politically responsible for the Munich Agreement? Was there an alternative?

Teacher: In March 1939, independent Czechoslovakia was liquidated: the Czech Republic was annexed to Germany, and Slovakia became an independent state. Soon, at the request of Germany, Lithuania handed over the port of Klaipeda (Memel), and Italy captured Albania. The sharp increase in fascist aggression forced England and France to begin negotiations with the USSR on a military alliance against Germany in June 1939. They dragged on for more than 2 months and did not lead to results. For a long time, the USSR explained this by the position of the West. Nowadays it is often said that both sides were to blame for this, because they treated each other with distrust. Under these conditions, Hitler moves towards rapprochement with the USSR, which evokes a positive response from Stalin. Avoiding a war on 2 fronts when Poland is captured is the main goal of Hitler's diplomacy.

3.) Soviet-German relations 1939-1941.(students work with the textbook (from 118-121) 6 and the Molotov-Ribbentropp Pact 7 ). Can we consider that on the part of the USSR the agreement with Germany was a forced measure? Why did Hitler sign a treaty with the USSR? What benefits did Germany and the USSR receive from the conclusion of this treaty? What do you see as the pros and cons of this agreement? (make a table).

After the group’s presentation, students and the teacher draw a conclusion , that the pact of August 23, 1939, especially its secret part, still causes heated debate and does not have an unambiguous assessment. There are the following assessments of this agreement: 1. the pact was a necessary measure due to the policies of the West; it allowed us to gain time and strengthen our defenses; 2. the pact was Stalin’s mistake, it led to the isolation of the USSR;

3. The pact is a forced and justified measure, but the treaty of friendship was an unforgivable rapprochement with fascism, which allowed it to further aggression.

After the speech, questions may be asked: Do you think there was another way out? Unlike the participants in the global crisis of 1938-1939, we look at events retrospectively. We know that Germany attacked Poland, that Great Britain and France declared war on it. We know what the actions of the USSR, the Baltic and Eastern European countries were, we know how the Polish campaign ended. This prevents us from perceiving events the way those directly involved in the events perceived them. Germany attacked Poland - but until September 1, no one could guarantee that this would happen. Warsaw could agree to the Nazi dictatorship, Germany could resort not to war, but to diplomatic pressure, as with Czechoslovakia. And after the war began, who could guarantee that Great Britain and France would join it, that they would not go to the second, “Polish Munich”?

Fourth stage. Polish campaign of 1939. (View video clips and chronicles on this topic).

Conclusion : In the mid-30s and early 40s. The Soviet leadership directed its efforts towards creating collective security in Europe. Despite serious diplomatic efforts, no progress was made in resolving this issue due to the partners' mistrust. As a result of Nazi diplomacy, it was possible to create a military bloc, and the USSR, like other European countries, had to pursue its own policy of ensuring the security of its western borders (which largely did not coincide with the goals of other powers), sending troops into the eastern part of Poland and starting military operations against Finland. At the same time, the measures taken by the USSR delayed the start of the war, but did not prevent it. Unsuccessful attempts by Western democracies to “play off” Germany and the USSR led to a significant increase in the military-industrial potential of Germany and the defeat of France. The clash between Germany and the USSR became inevitable.

Lesson grades.

Homework: To consolidate the material, draw up a summary reflecting the main steps of humanity towards the Second World War. Learn the main dates and events (the next lesson involves conducting a control event on international relations in 1918-1941). As an individual task (in profile class) you can give a report on Katyn case. In the next lesson after the report, ask questions: “Was the policy of the USSR really characterized by peace and humanism? Is everything so clear?” How does it affect modern relations between Poland and Russia? (this contradicts the educational purpose of the lesson, but provides the basis for discussion in the class and forms a critical attitude towards the source and/or textbook).

1Front polling is possible.

2General History, XX - early XXI centuries, 9th grade, Aleksashkina L.N., 2012, - p. 115.

3At the basic level it means working with a textbook (pp. 118-119), at the profile level - a fragment from the book by V.Ya. Sipols. Diplomatic struggle on the eve of the Second World War. - M., 1989 – p. 107-112.

4Na profile level- worked with a fragment from the book by Sipols V.Ya. Diplomatic struggle on the eve of the Second World War. - M., 1989, - p. With. 151-155.

5Issued as handouts.

6At the profile level with a fragment of the book by V.Ya. Sipols. Diplomatic struggle on the eve of the Second World War. - M., 1989 – p. 274-280.

7Issued as handouts.

Introductory word from the teacher.
The First World War lasted for four years. Here are its main characteristics
(data written on the board):





duration – 1554 days;
number of participating countries – 38;
composition of coalitions: England, France, Russia, USA and 30 more countries: Germany,
Austria-Hungary, Turkey, Bulgaria;
the number of states on whose territory military operations took place – 14;
The population of the countries participating in the war is 1050 million people (62% of the population
planets).
The war, in fact, began a new era in the history of mankind and was perceived as
manifestation of crisis European civilization, like a great disaster that first brought
the question of the physical destruction of humanity. She was led mass armies, which
used destructive weapons created by industrial society. The war has become
hard daily work for millions. Started for the sake of the greatness of empires, in 4
years destroyed these empires themselves. Today we will find out why and how it was destroyed
relatively prosperous European world.
Our goal is that working with the algorithm for characterizing wars, we will have to give an assessment
The First World War, to show its unjust nature (algorithms lie on
each desk).

(Text of handout material)
Characteristics of wars.
1. International situation in the region on the eve of the war.
2. Causes of the war. The reason for the outbreak of hostilities. Chronological framework.
3. Warring countries or groupings of countries.
4. Goals of the parties.
5. The balance of forces of the warring parties.
6. Progress of military operations (in stages):



7. The nature of the war.

8. Heroes and commanders.
9. 9. Terms of the peace treaty (surrender).
10. 10. Military and political results.
Plan for explaining new material.
I. First point of the algorithm: " international situation in the region on the eve of the war"
The question is dealt with in the form of a conversation.
II. Causes of the war. The reason for victory before the start of hostilities. Chronological
framework.
Through the projector we look at the diagram “Causes of War”. Next the message is heard
students about the murder in Sarajevo, the CD “Cause for War” is turned on. (CD par. 9,
album, diagrams).
III. Warring countries or groupings of countries.
The question is resolved using a diagram projected from the CD onto the screen.
IV. Goals of the parties.
We project “Goals of the warring states” on the screen.
Next, students are given the task of reading the text of the textbook from 70–71, comparing the goals
states with those written on the screen and determine what other goals are not marked on the diagram,
pursued by Germany?
V. The balance of forces of the warring parties.
Working with a table written on a blackboard.

Atlanta countries
Germany and its allies
Population
260 million
120 million
Armed forces in
beginning of the war
5800 thousand
military personnel, 221 infantry and 4
1 cavalry division.
3800 thousand military personnel,
1 48 infantry and 22
cavalry divisions.

Guns
12294
Aircraft
Cruisers
597
316
VI. Progress of military operations (in stages):
a) plans of the parties at the beginning of each stage;
b) main battles and events;
c) military and political results of the stage.
9383
311
62
In front of the students are maps and plans of the General Staffs of Russia, England, France and
Germany. Based on these cards, students compose a story about the plans of the parties, special
pay attention to the reasons for the plans of Germany, the Schlieffen plan.
A report on the Schlieffen plan is heard.
The following discusses the main stages of the war.
1914, the map shows the main directions of military operations. Through the projector
I show newsreel footage.
1915 using a map to follow the progress of military operations. We read memories through the projector
DI. Denikin. We answer the question about one of the reasons for the defeat of the Russian army in 1915.
1916 events of 1916 are shown on the map, the display is accompanied by footage
newsreel "German offensive on Verdun."
1917–1918 Events are shown on the map.
VII. The nature of the war.
The issue is addressed during a heuristic conversation. Liberation for whom?
Invading for whom?
VIII. Heroes and commanders,
Students' reports about war heroes are heard.
IX. Terms of the peace treaty (surrender).
Working with the textbook from 79 to 81, students write down the basic conditions Treaty of Brest-Litovsk And
Compiegne Truce.

X. Results of the war.
Students draw conclusions about the results of the war.
According to modern historians, 3 factors completely changed the face of the war:
 Use of new types of weapons that increase the number of killed and wounded;
 The bravery of soldiers is now valued significantly less than firepower;
 Changes in the rear, due to the fact that victory requires the use of all human resources
resources not only at the front and the entire population suffers from the hardships of war; so war
becomes total;
 War propaganda is actively used to strengthen the will to win.
The First World War influenced the psychology and habits of people, not by chance
The generation of war participants was called “lost.” She made people more
tolerant of violence. Wartime needs, need for regulation
economies expanded the functions of the state and placed it above society. War is not
resolved many old contradictions and sowed the seeds of future military conflicts.
“I believe that the 20th century began precisely in 1914. This war laid the foundations of modern
civilization" ( German historian V. Diest.)
Purpose: to determine the causes of the war and the goals of the warring states.
Explain what the reason for the war was and how major forces entered the war
states;
Describe the development of military operations in 1914; explain the concept and
terms: “chauvinism”, “July crisis”, “Schlieffen plan”, “blitzkrieg”, “genocide”;
Develop students’ ability to analyze and summarize historical material;
The educational aspect of the lesson is implemented on the basis of students’ awareness of the tragedy
such historical phenomenon, like war, for the population of warring states.
Lesson type: combined.
Equipment: textbook, wall map of the First World War, atlas,
illustrative and didactic material.
Main dates:
August 1, 1914 November 11, 1914 World War I;
August 18 September 21, 1914 – Battle of Galicia;
512 September 1914 Battle of the Marne.

Lesson progress:
1. 1. Organizational moment.
2. 2. Checking homework
3.
Update background knowledge.
4. 4. Studying new material.
5.
6.
The causes of the First World War and the goals of the warring parties.
The July crisis of 1914 and the beginning of the war.
7. 3. Entering the war large states.
8. 4. Schlieffen plan
9.
What is chauvinism
10. What events led to the First World War?
11. when did the First World War begin?
12. What is the Schlieffen plan?
1. When the Triple Alliance and the Entente were formed. Name the countries that
entered the blocks.
2. What international conflicts and crises occurred at the beginning of the 20th century?
3. Give facts indicating the development of the arms race at the beginning
XX century.

World War I began on August 1, 1914 and lasted until November 11, 1918
year. In terms of the scope of hostilities, this war became the largest of all previous ones.
WWII was caused by the escalation of disagreements between the world's major powers in
the beginning of the 20th century. Armament expenditures increased every year.
chauvinist propaganda fanned national hatred, the ruling circles increasingly
inclined to carry out aggressive plans by force of arms, constantly arose
new international conflicts.
Working with terms

Chauvinism is one of the aggressive forms, which is characterized by the proclamation
the invincibility and exclusivity of one nation, its superiority over all others.
Causes of the war
Exacerbation of contradictions between leading states due to their unevenness
economic and sociopolitical development.
conquest of new territories, control over markets and sources of raw materials.
arms race
the presence of two warring blocs - Triple Alliance and the Entente. Wish
governments of warring countries to divert people's attention from internal problems.
The main goals of the leading countries participating in the war
Germany.
Conquest of new colonies at the expense of England and France. Weakening of France and Russia.
Domination in Europe.
England.
Preservation of their colonies and dominance at sea. The weakening of Germany. Conquest of Turkey
Mesopotamia and parts of the Arabian Peninsula.
France.
The weakening of Germany. Return of Alsace and Lorraine. Annexation of the Saarland
coal basin and the left bank of the Rhine.
Austria-Hungary.
Expanding the sphere of influence in the Balkans. Conquest of the independent states of Serbia,
Bulgaria and Montenegro. Domination of the Black, Adriatic and Aegean Seas.
Russia.
Weakening of German and Austrian influence in Turkey and the Balkans. Capture
Black Sea straits Bosphorus and Dardanelles. The desire to annex the Eastern
Galicia, Northern Bukovina and Transcarpathia.
The reason for the outbreak of the First World War was the Austro-Serbian conflict. June 28, 1914
in the Bosnian city of Sarajevo, Gabriel Princip, a member of the secret organization Mlada Bosna,
who fought for the unification of all South Slavic peoples, killed the successor of Austro
the Hungarian throne of Archduke Franz Ferdinand. As commander in chief of the army
Austria-Hungary, he arrived here to participate in military maneuvers that were supposed to
will take place on the border with Serbia on June 28. It was Serbian national day
mourning - honoring those killed in the battle with the Turks on Kosovo Polje in 1389 Serbian

Nationalist circles regarded the Archduke's visit as an insult. In Vienna
they did not wait for the results of the investigation. German Emperor Wilhelm II,
Laconically speaking, “now or never,” he suggested to the Austro-Hungarian
Emperor Franz Joseph to "finish off the Serbs" by using the Sarajevo murder in
as a reason to declare war. In order to start a war against Serbia, Austria
The Hungarian government made demands, knowing in advance that she would reject them. 23
July the Serbian government received an ultimatum from Austria-Hungary.
The Serbian government was given 48 hours to respond to the ultimatum. In case
failure to fully accept his terms, Austria-Hungary threatened to break diplomatic
relationships. Leading States have taken a wait-and-see approach so as not to be
accused of interfering in the conflict and supporting one of its parties. For ten
minutes before the end of the ultimatum, Serbia announced that it accepted the conditions
ultimatum with the exception of the participation of the Austrian police in the investigation into
territory of Serbia. This became the reason for Austria-Hungary to break diplomatic relations.
relationship with Serbia and declaration of war on it. On the night of July 2829 took place
artillery bombardment of Belgrade. After this, events developed rapidly.

Group work using the textbook + table.
Theaters of combat of the First World War.

Opponents
Title, period
existence.
Western Front
(1914-1918)
Entente and its allies
Triple(Quadruple)
union and its allies
UK, France,
Belgium, USA, etc.
Germany
Eastern Front
Russia
Germany, Austria-Hungary
19141917
Italian front
(1915-1918)
Italy, UK,
France
Austria-Hungary
Romanian Front
Romania, Russia
Germany, Austria-Hungary,

(1916-1918)
Bulgaria, Türkiye
Caucasian Front
Russia
Türkiye
(1914-1917)
Thessaloniki Front
Serbia, Montenegro
Germany, Austria-Hungary,
Bulgaria.
(1915)
Balkan Front
(1917-1918)
France, Greece, Serbia,
Montenegro
Germany, Austria-Hungary,
Bulgaria.
Mesopotamian and
Palestine Fronts (1914
1918)
Great Britain and its
dominions
Germany, Türkiye
African front
Troops of the Entente states
(1914-1918)
German colonial
troops
Far Eastern Front (1914
G)
Japan, British
dominions
Germany
At the beginning of the war, the Entente states had an advantage in human and material
resources over the states of the Triple Alliance. However, Germany was prepared for
war much better than their opponents. Her army had extensive combat experience, the best
quality of weapons and advantage in heavy artillery. In addition, the Germans had
the ability to quickly transfer troops from one front to another thanks to the developed
networks railways. In the states of the Triple Alliance, the German supreme
the command had a decisive vote, and in the Entente coordination of actions between
states was weak.

Working with terms and concepts.

Blitzkrieg is a theory of aggressive warfare designed to force the enemy to surrender
V as soon as possible as a result of a surprise attack on him and a rapid advance into
inland.
For almost the entire year of the war, the chief General Staff Germany G. von Moltke filed
to the emperor a military operational plan for an attack on France and Russia, developed at
the basis of the blitzkrieg plan by his predecessor General A. von Schlieffen. Plan
provided for a war on two fronts - against France and Russia. At the same time, his
the main idea was to liquidate one of the fronts as soon as possible and
avoid protracted war. Long war threatened the defeat of Germany,
inferior to its opponents in terms of human and material resources.
According to the Schlieffen plan, 85% of all forces should have been sent German army on
the first blow to France, carrying out an invasion of its territory through a weak
neutral Belgium north of Paris, bypassing the main forces of the French army.
It was assumed that as a result of this “indirect blow” the French army would be
surrounded and destroyed before Russia completes the mobilization of its army. Against
Before the victory over France, Russia put up only a weak barrier. After the defeat in
within four to six weeks of the French army, Germany had to send its
troops on the Eastern Front and together with Austria-Hungary during the Blitz
inflict a crushing defeat on Russia.
Moltke, without changing the basis of the Schlieffen plan, strengthened the left flank Western Front And
barrier against Russia and East Prussia. However, this somewhat weakened the main
a German group that attacked France through Belgium.
5. Military actions in 1914.
Date
Western Front
Eastern Front
August
Invasion of German troops in
Belgium and France as planned
Schlieffen, which provided
"lightning war" defeat
first France, and then Russia.
The offensive of Russian troops on
eastern Prussia
(commanding Grand Duke
Nicholas) and Galicia
(Commander General A.
Brusilov). The beginning of Galitskaya
battle, which resulted in
Russian troops captured Lvov.
September
The Battle of the Marne, in which the British
French troops stopped
German offensive. Failure of the plan
lightning war"
Retreat of Russian troops from
eastern Prussia.
Fierce fighting on
territory of Poland.
October

Turkey's entry into the war

side of the Triple Alliance.
NovemberDecember Transition to “positional war”,
when there were no large-scale battles
actions.
The invasion of the Turkish army
Caucasus, which belonged
Russia, and, as a consequence of this,
defeat of the Turks.

9a grade 11, October 16, 2017, level No. 12-13

Lesson topic: World War II.

Objective of the lesson:

Give students an idea of turning point Second World War. Tell us about the main battles on the fronts of 1943-1945. Demonstrate clearly all the hardships of combat operations. Cover the activities of the anti-Hitler coalition.

To trace the contribution of the USSR to the victory over the Axis countries, thereby helping to instill in students a sense of pride and patriotism for the country and people.

Continue to develop students’ skills in retelling the text, highlighting the main points, and working with the text.

Basic concepts and terms: anti-Hitler coalition, radical change, “Second Front”, surrender.

Lesson progress:

1) Organizational moment.

2) Updating students’ knowledge on the topic:

So, there were a number of reasons for the outbreak of World War II. And, first of all, by the beginning of the 30s. XX century in the world there were states with different political systems, aggressor countries appeared.

1.Remember what political regimes established in the world? In which states?

Answer: Democratic - England, USA, France;

Totalitarian - USSR, Germany, Italy.

2. Name the countries that chose aggressive foreign policy.

Answer: Germany, Italy, Japan.

3. What was the foreign policy situation on the eve of World War II? What policies were followed Western states and the USSR to pacify the aggressor?

Answer: Western countries and the USSR conducted behind-the-scenes negotiations with Germany.

4. What did this lead to? What agreements were made?

5. Who took part in this conspiracy? What decisions were made?

Answer: Great Britain (N. Chamberlain), France (E. Daladier), Germany (A. Hitler), Italy (B. Mussolini). An agreement was signed on the dismemberment of Czechoslovakia.

6. Why did England and France collude with Germany?

Answer: in case of refusal, Hitler threatened war in Europe.

7. What did the Soviet-German negotiations lead to? What assessment can be given to the diplomacy of these countries?

Answer: On August 23, 1939, the Non-Aggression Pact was signed. The victory of the diplomacy of Nazi Germany and the defeat of Anglo-French and Soviet diplomacy.

8. Does everyone agree with this opinion?

Answer: No. As a result of the winter war, the USSR discovered that the army was unprepared for combat operations and destruction command staff as a result of the repressions of 1937, the need for rearmament. It was these reasons that forced the USSR to move closer to Germany and sign a pact.

9. Was the issue of non-aggression only resolved by the pact signed by Germany and the USSR?

The agreement was accompanied by a secret additional protocol about the division of countries Eastern Europe on the spheres of German and Soviet interests in the event of a “territorial and political reorganization” of these countries. This protocol provided for the possibility of including Latvia, Estonia, Eastern Poland, Finland and Bessarabia into the sphere of interests of the USSR.

10. When did World War II start?

11. The most significant stage in the Second World War is the Great Patriotic War. When did the Second World War start?

12. In the first days of the war 28 Soviet divisions were completely defeated, 72 by more than half. German troops advanced 300-600 km. deep into Soviet territory. They captured Lithuania, Latvia, Belarus, Ukraine, and Moldova.

What reasons contributed to the defeat of the Red Army?

The military-economic potential of Germany, which subjugated almost all of Europe, significantly exceeded the capabilities of the USSR.

Hitler's army was very powerful and had two years of experience in waging war in Europe. The Red Army was inferior in professionalism, especially in the command staff (which was influenced mass repression in the army on the eve of the war).

Miscalculations of the Soviet leadership in determining military doctrine, in particular, underestimating the role of mechanized units, etc.

Miscalculations by the country's leadership in analyzing the international situation on the eve of the war, as well as in determining the timing of the start of the war, which led to the factor of surprise.

4)New topic:

1) Radical fracture

3)Anti-Hitler coalition

4) The final stage of the Second World War

6) results of the Second World War.

5)assessment of students.

The presentation of the text is accompanied by a presentation of “The Main Battles of World War II 1943-1945.”

1) Radical fracture

November 19 1942 Red Army goes on a counter-offensive under Stalingrad, as a result of which it is possible to surround and defeat two German, two Romanian and one Italian army.

IN July 1943 German command V last time trying to regain the strategic initiative in Battle of Kursk, however, it ends in a serious defeat for the German troops. The retreat of German troops begins along the entire front line - they have to leave Eagle, Belgorod, Novorossiysk. Fights begin for Belarus And Ukraine. In the Battle of the Dnieper, the Red Army inflicts another defeat on Germany, liberating Left Bank Ukraine And Crimea.

2) Military operations in other theaters of war.

Question for students

In which theaters did the Allies primarily fight?

Answer: Pacific with Japan and North Africa with Germany and Italy

November 8 1942 in Morocco a large Anglo-American landing force lands, having overcome 900 km, enters Tunisia, where by this time the Germans had transferred part of their troops from Western Europe .

Meanwhile, the English army goes on the offensive in Libya. The Italo-German troops stationed here were unable to hold on to El Alamein and by February 1943, having suffered big losses, retreat to Tunisia. March 20 United English- American troops go on the offensive deep into the territory Tunisia. The Italian-German command is trying to evacuate its troops to Italy, however by that time british navy fully owned Mediterranean and cuts off all escape routes. May 13 Italian-German troops capitulate.

July 10 1943 Allies disembark V Sicily. The Italian troops stationed here surrender almost without a fight, in September 1943 Anglo-American troops land in the south of the Apennine Peninsula. Badoglio signs a truce with them and announces Italy's withdrawal from the war. However, taking advantage of the confusion of the allies, Hitler liberates Mussolini, and a puppet state is created in the north of the country Republic of Salo.

Troops USA And UK moving quite slowly north. At the beginning 1944 they make three unsuccessful attempts to break through the enemy defenses on the river Garigliano and enter Rome. Only June 4 the allied armies succeed break through the defenses of the Italian capital, which was held by German troops.]

From August 1942 to February 1943, Japanese and American forces battle for control of the island. Guadalcanal within the archipelago Solomon Islands. In this battle of attrition, the United States. In November 1943 the allies manage to capture the Japanese island Tarawa.

3) Anti-Hitler coalition

Anti-Hitler coalition - a union of states and peoples who fought in World War II 1939-45 against Axis bloc: Germany, Italy, Japan and them satellites. The anti-Hitler coalition was not a formal association, and the contribution of its participants to the fight against fascism was extremely uneven: some participants carried out active military operations with Germany and its allies, others helped them with supplies of military products, and others participated in the war only nominally. So military units some countries - Poland, Czechoslovakia, especially Yugoslavia, as well as Australia, Belgium, India, Canada, New Zealand, the Philippines, Ethiopia and others - took part in hostilities. Individual states anti-Hitler coalition (for example, Mexico) helped its main participants mainly with supplies of military raw materials. The number of coalition participants increased during the war; By the time the war with Japan ended, 53 states of the world were at war with Germany and its allies.

The forerunner of the Anti-Hitler Coalition, the coalition " Western Allies » arose after the invasion Nazi Germany to Poland in 1939, when the allied agreements on mutual assistance associated with the latter and with each other entered the war United Kingdom, France and some other countries.

Before the German attack in 1941, the USSR was not part of the Anti-Hitler coalition.

The broad Anti-Hitler coalition was formed first in spirit after government statements USA and Great Britain on support for the Soviet Union after the German attack on it, and then on bilateral and multilateral documents as a result of lengthy negotiations between the governments of the three powers on mutual support and joint actions.

Question for students: Did the assistance of the Anti-Hitler Coalition of the USSR play a role?

Answer: Yes, the shortage of weapons and ammunition was made up for at the initial stage of the Great Patriotic War precisely with the help of the Anti-Hitler Coalition and the supply of weapons.

The most significant events during the coalition: Moscow meeting (1941), Atlantic Charter(August 1941), Washington Declaration Twenty-six(Declaration of the United Nations, January 1942), Tehran Conference (1943), Bretton Woods Conference (1944), Yalta Conference (March 1945).

The assistance received by the Soviet Union from participation in the Anti-Hitler Coalition, in contrast to that for other countries, can be assessed by various sources as significant or insignificant - see. Lend-Lease.

The influence of the coalition on the military and post-war political situation is enormous; on its basis, the UN

4) The final stage of World War II.

June 6 1944 allied forces USA, UK And Canada after two months of distracting maneuvers, a major landing operation and disembark at Normandy, thereby opening second front.

In August, troops were dropped in the south France, cities liberated Toulon And Marseilles. August 25 allies enter Paris, which by that time was almost completely controlled by French resistance units.

In September, the allied offensive into the territory begins Belgium. Towards the end 1944 The Germans are having great difficulty stabilizing the front line in the west. December 16 The Germans launch a counter-offensive in Ardennes, which comes as a complete surprise to the allies. The Germans manage to advance 100 km inland Belgium, however, by the end of January 1945 they stop, and then completely transfer troops to the Eastern Front, where the Soviet army begins the Vistula-Oder operation. Since February 1945, hostilities have been transferred to German territory. Germany by that time it began to transfer its main forces to defense Berlin, and therefore the Germans did not have serious defense in the west.

IN Italy The Allied advance progressed very slowly. Despite all their attempts, they failed in the end 1944 break through the front line and cross the river By.April 28 1945 Italian partisans capture and execute Mussolini. Northern Italy was completely cleared of the Germans only in May 1945.

Soviet offensive

Question for students: in what year did Finland leave the war?

Reply in 1944

In summer 1944 The Red Army begins its offensive along the entire front line. By the fall, almost all of the German troops had been cleared Belarus, Ukraine, Baltics. Only in the west of Latvia was the surrounded group of German troops able to hold out until the end of the war.

As a result of the advance of Soviet troops in the north Finland announced its withdrawal from the war. However, German troops refuse to leave Finnish territory. As a result, former “brothers in arms” are forced to fight against each other. In August, as a result of the offensive of the Red Army, it leaves the war. Romania, in September - Bulgaria. The Germans begin evacuating troops from the territory Yugoslavia And Greece, where people's liberation movements take power into their own hands.

In February 1945 it was held Budapest operation, after which Germany's last European ally - Hungary- forced to capitulate. The offensive begins in Poland, The Red Army occupies East Prussia.

At the end of April 1945 begins battle for berlin. Realizing his complete defeat, Hitler And Goebbels committed suicide. May 8 after stubborn two-week battles for the German capital, the German command signs an act of unconditional surrender. Germany is divided into four occupation zones: Soviet, American, British and French.

May 14-15 in the northern Slovenia took place last battle World War II Europe, during which People's Liberation Army of Yugoslavia defeated German troops and numerous forces of collaborators.

Pacific Theater

On Pacific Ocean The fighting was also quite successful for the Allies. IN June 1944 Americans took possession Mariana Islands. In October In March 1945, stubborn battles began for the southern Japanese islands Iwo Jima And Okinawa.

After the end of the war in Europe, the last enemy of the countries of the anti-fascist coalition remained Japan. By that time, about 60 countries had declared war on Japan. However, despite the current situation, the Japanese were not going to capitulate and declared the war to be fought to a victorious end. In June 1945, the Japanese lost Indonesia, were forced to leave Indochina. July 26 In 1945, the USA, Great Britain and China presented an ultimatum to the Japanese, but it was rejected. August 6 on Hiroshima, and three days later on Nagasaki were reset atomic bombs , and as a result, two cities were almost wiped off the face of the earth. August 8 The USSR declared war on Japan, and on August 9 launched an offensive and within 2 weeks inflicted a crushing defeat on the Japanese Kwantung Army V Manchuria. On September 2, the act of unconditional surrender was signed. Japan. The biggest war in human history has ended.

5) Results of the war

The Second World War had a huge impact on the destinies of mankind. 62 states participated in it (80% of the population globe). Military operations took place on the territory of 40 states. IN armed forces 110 million people were mobilized. Total human losses reached 50-55 million people, of which 27 million people were killed at the fronts. The greatest human losses were suffered by the USSR, China, Germany, Japan and Poland.

Military spending and military losses totaled $4 trillion. Material costs reached 60-70% national income warring states. Industry only USSR, USA, UK And Germany manufactured 652.7 thousand aircraft (combat and transport), 286.7 thousand tanks, self-propelled guns and armored vehicles, over 1 million artillery pieces, over 4.8 million machine guns (excluding Germany), 53 million rifles, carbines and machine guns and huge amount other weapons and equipment. The war was accompanied by colossal destruction, the destruction of tens of thousands of cities and villages, and innumerable disasters for tens of millions of people.

As a result of the war, the role of Western Europe in global politics. The USSR and the USA became the main powers in the world. Great Britain and France, despite the victory, were significantly weakened. The war showed the inability of them and others Western European countries contain huge colonial empires. The anti-colonial movement intensified in African and Asian countries. IN Eastern Europe occupied by Soviet troops, socialist regimes were established. One of the main results of World War II was the creation United Nations, based on the Anti-Fascist Coalition formed during the war, to prevent world wars in the future.

Fascist And Nazi ideologies were criminalized Nuremberg trials and are prohibited. In many Western countries support has grown communist parties, thanks to their active participation in anti-fascist struggle during the war.

Europe capitalist) and eastern ( socialist Cold War .

Lesson summary:

So, today we looked at the turning point during the Second World War. We traced the contribution of the countries of the anti-fascist alliance to the victory over Germany and Japan, the main battles and treaties. However, the most amazing thing in the history of the war is that our country, being in catastrophic conditions in 1941, was able to stop the German troops and go on the offensive, liberating its cities from the invaders; under enemy fire, the soldiers achieved success, and the population provided the front with uniforms, provisions, and development in a timely manner. in the shortest possible time, a weapon whose analogues simply did not exist.

As they say, whoever comes to us with a sword will die by the sword.

Lesson reinforcement:

Today we looked at the turning point and end of World War II.

1. What event is considered the beginning of the turning point during the Second World War?

Germany's loss in the Battle of Kursk Bulge. However, many are inclined to believe that the foundation was laid in the Battle of Talingrad.

2. What assistance did the Anti-Hitler Coalition of the USSR provide?

The shortage of weapons and ammunition was compensated for at the initial stage of the Great Patriotic War precisely with the help of the Anti-Hitler Coalition and the supply of weapons.

3. What was the result of the war?

Division of Berlin between the USSR, Britain, USA, France. Europe was divided into two camps: Western ( capitalist) and eastern ( socialist). Relations between the two blocs deteriorated sharply just a couple of years after the end of the war. Started Cold War.

6) Student assessment

Homework:

§20. pp. 141-146. Compile a prospectus on “the main events of World War II”