Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary
METAPHOR
METAPHOR(from Greek metaphora - transference), trope, the transfer of the properties of one object (phenomenon) to another on the basis of a characteristic that is common or similar for both compared members (“talk of waves”, “bronze of muscles”).
Dictionary Russian language by I. S. Ozhegov and N. Yu. Shvedova
METAPHOR
METAPHOR-y, w.
1. View of the trail - hidden figurative comparison, likening one object, phenomenon to another (for example, the cup of being), as well as generally figurative comparison in different types arts (special). Symbolic, romantic m. M. in cinema, in painting. Expanded m.
2. In linguistics: figurative use of a word, the formation of such a meaning. II adj. metaphorical, -aya, -oe. M the image of the bird-troika in "Dead Souls". Metaphorical thinking.
Explanatory Dictionary of V. I. Dahl
METAPHOR
and. Greek foreign language, heterodoxy, allegory; obliquely; rhetorical trope, transference direct meaning to indirect, by similarity understood; eg Sharp tongue. You can’t even beg iron bread from a stone priest. -ric, related to metaphor, allegorical.
Encyclopedic Dictionary of F. A. Brockhaus and I. A. Efron
METAPHOR
(Greek Μεταφορα, Latin Translatio, “transfer”) ≈ not in its own, but in figuratively the pictorial or figurative expression used; represents, as it were, a concentrated comparison, and instead of the object being compared, the name of the object with which they want to compare is put directly, for example: roses of cheeks ≈ instead of pink (i.e., rose-like) cheeks or pink color cheeks M. promotes grace, strength and brilliance of speech; even in everyday life, in common parlance, expressions of passion are almost never complete without it. Especially for poets, M. is necessary auxiliary. It gives speech a special, higher transparency, putting even an abstract concept into living forms and making it accessible to contemplation. There are four types of M. In the first type, one concrete (or sensory) is put in place of another, for example forest of masts, dew diamonds; in the second, inanimate objects are spiritualized or animated, feelings, actions and states are attributed to the forces of nature, characteristic of man, For example The blizzard is angry, the blizzard is crying; the third type of M. embodies thoughts, feelings, passions, etc. into visible forms, for example pillars of the state, the poison of doubt; the fourth type of M. connects one abstract concept with another, for example bitterness of separation. If M. is very common, it turns into an allegory (see). Wed. Brinkmann, "Die Metaphern. Studien ü ber den Geist der modernen Sprachen" (Bonn, 1878, vol. I).
METAPHOR, -s, w. 1. Type of trope - hidden figurative comparison, likening one object or phenomenon to another (for example, the cup of being), as well as generally figurative comparison in different types of arts (special). Symbolic, romantic m. M. in cinema, in painting. Expanded m. 2. In linguistics: figurative use of a word, the formation of such a meaning. || adj. metaphorical, -aya, -oe. M image of a bird-three in "" Dead souls"". Metaphorical thinking.
View value METAPHOR in other dictionaries
Metaphor- and. Greek foreign language, heterodoxy, allegory; obliquely; rhetorical trope, the transfer of direct meaning to indirect, by similarity of understanding; eg Sharp tongue. At the stone priest.......
Dahl's Explanatory Dictionary
Metaphor- metaphors, g. (Greek metaphora) (lit.). Trope, a figure of speech consisting of the use of words and expressions in a figurative sense on some basis. analogies, similarities, e.g. (from Pushkin):........
Ushakov's Explanatory Dictionary
Metaphor J.— 1. A figure of speech consisting in the use of words and expressions in a figurative meaning to define an object or phenomenon on the basis of analogy, comparison or similarity (in literary criticism).
Explanatory Dictionary by Efremova
Metaphor- -s; and. [Greek metaphora - transference] Lit. The use of a word or expression in a figurative meaning, based on similarity, comparison, analogy; word or expression in this way........
Kuznetsov's Explanatory Dictionary
Metaphor- (from the Greek metaphora - transfer) - trope, transfer of a characteristic object (phenomenon) to another based on a characteristic common or original for both compared members........
Large encyclopedic dictionary
Metaphor- - trope, the transfer of the properties of one object or phenomenon to another based on a characteristic common to both compared members, for example: “speaking waves”, “bronze of muscles”, etc.
Historical Dictionary
Gender Metaphor- - this relatively new concept is, on the one hand, a special case of a bodily metaphor, on the other, - it means the transfer of not only the physical, but also the entire totality......
Psychological Encyclopedia
Metaphor— (Metaphor; Metapher) - definition and study of one by referring to the image of another; is used as a conscious literary or therapeutic device and has always been used........
Psychological Encyclopedia
Bodily Metaphor (conceptual Metaphor)— - a term introduced in scientific description representatives of the cognitive direction in linguistics M. Johnson and J. Lakoff (Jonson, Lakoff). According to cognitive theory, which studies........
Psychological Encyclopedia
Metaphor- (metaphora) - the application of a descriptive phrase of a term to a phenomenon to which it is not literally applicable (see also Analogy). The role of metaphor in sociology and sciences in........
Sociological Dictionary
Metaphor- (from Greek, metaphora - transfer, image) - the transfer of the properties of one object (phenomenon or aspect of being) to another according to the principle of their similarity in a class. in relation or in contrast,......
Philosophical Dictionary
Metaphor (transference, Greek)— - the most extensive form of trope, rhetoric. a figure representing the likening of one concept or idea to another, transference to it significant signs or characteristics.......
Philosophical Dictionary
Greek metaphora - transference. the most extensive form of trope, rhetoric. a figure representing the likening of one concept or representation to another, the transference of significant signs or characteristics of the latter to it... Dictionary of cultural studies
Greek metaphora - transference. the most extensive form of trope, rhetoric. a figure representing the likening of one concept or representation to another, the transference of significant signs or characteristics of the latter to it... Dictionary of cultural studies
1. Baranov A.N., Karaulov Yu.N. Dictionary of Russian political metaphors. – M., 1994.
2. Gorbachevich K.S. Dictionary of Russian epithets literary language. – St. Petersburg, 2001.
3. Gorte M.A. Figures of speech: terminological dictionary: 200 stylistic and rhetorical devices. – M., 2007.
4. Zimin, V.I. Dictionary-thesaurus of Russian proverbs, sayings and apt expressions. – M., 2008.
5. Moskvin V.P. Expressive means modern Russian speech. Paths and figures: Terminological dictionary. – M., 2007
6. Novikov A.B. Dictionary of Russian language periphrases: Based on newspaper journalism. 2nd ed., stereotype. – M., 2000.
7. Pavlovich N.V. Dictionary poetic images: Based on Russian material fiction XVIII-XX centuries: In 2 volumes - M., 1999.
8. Dictionary figurative expressions Russian language / Ed. V.N. Telia. – M., 1995.
Dictionaries of the language of writers and individual works
1. Ashukin N.S., Ozhegov S.I., Filippov V.A. Dictionary of plays by A.N. Ostrovsky. – M., 1993.
2. Bulakhov M.G. “The Tale of Igor’s Campaign” in literature, art, science: A brief encyclopedic dictionary. – Minsk, 1989.
3. Kolesnikov N.P. Dictionary of neologisms V.V. Mayakovsky / Ed. N.M. Shansky. – Tbilisi, 1991.
4. Lermontov Encyclopedia. – M., 1981.
5. Polukhina V., Pyarli Y. Dictionary of tropes by I. Brodsky (based on the collection “Part of Speech”). – Tartu, 1995.
6. Pushkin linguistic encyclopedia. – Tver, 1998.
7. Dictionary of rhymes by A. Blok. – St. Petersburg, 1998.
8. Dictionary of Russian poetry of the 20th century. T. 1. – M., 2001.
9. Word index to the comedy by N.V. Gogol "The Inspector General". – Tver, 1990.
10. Encyclopedia “Tales of Igor’s Campaign”: in 5 volumes / Rep. ed. O.V. Tvorogov. – St. Petersburg, 1995.
1. Akhmanova O.S. Dictionary linguistic terms. – M., 1966; 2nd ed. – M., 1969.
2. Large explanatory dictionary of official terms / Comp. Yu.I. Fedinsky. – M., 2004.
3. Big legal dictionary/ Ed. AND I. Sukhareva, V.E. Krutskikh. – M., 2004.
4. Vaulina E.Yu. Let's speak correctly! Legal terminology modern Russia: short dictionary-reference book. – St. Petersburg. - M., 2006.
5. Forensic Dictionary./ Ed. V. Burkhard. – M., 1993.
6. Letyagova T.V., Romanova N.N., Filippov A.V. A thousand states of the soul: A brief psychological and philological dictionary. – M., 2006.
7. Matveeva T.V. Complete dictionary linguistic terms. – M., 2010.
8. Matveeva T.V. Educational dictionary: Russian language, speech culture, stylistics, rhetoric. – M., 2003.
9. Polonsky V.M. Dictionary of concepts and terms on legislation Russian Federation about education. – M., 1995.
10. Raizberg B.A., Lozovsky L.Sh., Starodubtseva E.B. Modern economic dictionary. – M., 1997.
11. Rosenthal D.E., Telenkova M.A. Dictionary-reference book of linguistic terms. – M., 1975; 2nd ed. – M., 1986.
12. Rudnev V.N., Egorov P.A. Russian language and culture of speech: Terminological linguistic dictionary. – M., 2004.
13. Explanatory dictionary of business, commerce and marketing / Under general. ed. P.F. Perochenko. – M., 1992.
14. Encyclopedic Dictionary of an Entrepreneur / Comp. S.P. Sinelnikov, T.S. Solomonik, R.B. Borisova. Scientific ed. M.B. Birzhakov. – St. Petersburg, 1992.
15. Market language: Dictionary / Comp. Yu.V. Buryak and others. General. edited by V.M. Fedina. – M., 1992.
Dictionaries
1. 4000 most common words Russian language / Ed. N.M. Shansky. – M., 1981.
2. Large explanatory dictionary of the Russian language / Ed. S.A. Kuznetsova.
2nd ed. – St. Petersburg, 2000.
3. Dal V.I. Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language: In Part IV, St. Petersburg, 3rd ed. / Ed. I.A. Baudouin de Courtenay. St. Petersburg, 1903-1911.
4. Efremova T.F. Dictionary service units speeches of the Russian language: – M., 2004.
5. Brief explanatory dictionary of the Russian language / Ed. V.V. Rozanova.
6th ed., rev. and additional – M., 1989.
6. Lopatin V.V., Lopatina L.E. Small explanatory dictionary of the Russian language.
5th ed., stereotype. – M., 1998.
7. Ozhegov S.I. Dictionary of the Russian language / Ed. S. P. Obnorsky. 23rd ed., rev. – M., 1991;
8. Ozhegov S.I., Shvedova N.Yu. Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language. – M., 2008.
9. Russian dictionary of language expansion / Comp. A.I. Solzhenitsyn. – M., 1990.
10. Consolidated dictionary of modern Russian vocabulary: In 2 volumes / Ed. R.P. Rogozhnikova. – M., 1991.
11. Dictionary of the Russian language: In 4 volumes / Ed. A.P. Evgenieva. 4th ed., stereotype. – M., 1999 (MAS – “Small Academic Dictionary”).
12. Dictionary of modern Russian literary language: In 17 volumes / Ed. A.M. Babkina, S.G. Barkhudarova, F.P. Filina et al. M.;L., 1948-1965. ( accepted abbreviation BAS - “Big Academic Dictionary”):
T. 1 (A-B), 1948;
T. 2 (V-Vyashchiy), 1951;
T. 3 (G-E), 1954;
T. 4 (Zh-Z), 1955;
T. 5 (I-K), 1956;
T. 6 (L-M), 1957;
T. 7 (N), 1958;
T. 8 (O), 1959;
T. 9 (P-Kick), 1959;
T. 10 (Po-Poyasochek), 1960;
T. 11. (Great-five), 1961;
T. 12. (R), 1961;
T. 13. (S-Snyatsya), 1962;
T. 14 (So-Syam), 1963;
T. 15. (T), 1963;
T. 16 (U-F), 1964;
T. 17 (Х-Я), 1965.
13. Dictionary of modern Russian literary language: In 20 volumes, 2nd ed., revised. and additional – M, 1994 (Publication not completed).
14. Smetanina N.P. Russian language and speech culture: Basic terms and concepts. – N. Novgorod, 2010.
15. Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language: In 4 volumes / Ed. D.N. Ushakova. Reprint edition. – M., 2000.
Phraseological dictionaries
1. Big phrasebook Russian language. Meaning. Use. Cultural commentary / Rep. ed. V.N. Telia. – M., 2009.
2. Dubrovina K.N. Encyclopedic dictionary of biblical phraseological units. – M., 2010.
3. Zhukov V.P., Zhukov A.V. School phraseological dictionary of the Russian language. – M., 2008.
4. Mikhelson M.I. Russian thought and speech: Ours and others: Experience of Russian phraseology: Collection figurative words and allegories: In 2 volumes - M., 1994.
5. Mikhelson M.I. Walking and apt words: Collection of Russian and foreign quotes, proverbs, sayings, proverbial expressions and individual words(allegory). – M., 1994.
6. Dictionary of figurative expressions of the Russian language / Ed. V.N. Telia. – M., 1995.
7. Yarantsev R.I. Russian phraseology. – M., 1997.
Encyclopedic dictionaries
1. Stylistic encyclopedic dictionary of the Russian language / Ed. M.N. Kozhina. – M., 2006.
2. Encyclopedic dictionary of terms and concepts Russian legislation. /Aut.-state N.G. Demenkova, M.S. Ignatova, I.Yu. Starikov and others; edited by A.P. Voitovich - M., 2010.
Etymological dictionaries
1. Glinkina L.A. Etymological secrets of Russian spelling. – M., 2007.
2. Preobrazhensky A.G. Etymological dictionary Russian language. 1910-1914 (phototype reissue in 1959).
3. Vasmer M. Etymological dictionary of the Russian language. In 4 vols. / Transl. with him. and additions O.N. Trubachev (first Russian-language edition 1964-1973; second - 1986-1987).
4. Chernykh P.Ya. Historical and etymological dictionary of the modern Russian language. – M., 1993.
5. Shansky N.M., Bobrova T.A. Etymological dictionary of the Russian language. – M., 1994.
Internet resources
1. http://www.gramota.ru
2. http://www.gramma.ru
3. http://www.slovari.ru
4. http://www.expertizy.narod.ru
5. http://www.rusyaz.ru
6. http://www.uchim.ru
8. http://www.russnet.org
FOR NOTES
Think about the quotes:
1) Everything that people do in the truly human world is done with the help of language. (L. Uspensky)
2) A sharp tongue is the only cutting weapon, which becomes even sharper from constant use. (W. Irving)
3) Language is a city, for the construction of which every person who lived on earth brought his own stone. (Emerson)
