Composition of the Central Federal District. Position of the Central Federal District

We continue to talk about how residents of our country choose the 10 main attractions. Today we will talk about the Central Federal District. It is extremely curious that Moscow attractions, which previously always found themselves on the top lists of such large-scale competitions, could not get into the second stage.

We are primarily talking about the Moscow Kremlin. And if the main Kremlin of the country and, say, from the very beginning were little noticeable among the leaders (they received approximately 21 thousand votes each). Then the Intercession Cathedral, having collected almost 211 thousand votes, fought for the second stage before last days voting. But he was never able to make it onto the list of the best; he was just under one thousand votes short of tenth place. If we do not take into account the internal changes in the top ten, it turns out that the cathedral was displaced by the diorama museum dedicated to the Battle of Kursk, which was able to gain a foothold in the top over the past three or four days.

Another surprise from the results of the Central District was the Khrapovitsky estate that made it to the top. The surprise is that the estate today is the ruins of a once large noble estate. And the fading ruins, you see, would not be a completely representative object on the list of the main visual symbols of Russia. Such voting results may be evidence of how citizens express a kind of protest to the authorities, who do not pay enough attention to the important historical and architectural monuments of the country. Similar estates, not only in Central district, but also in other areas, you can find plenty. I would like to believe that the votes cast for the Khrapovitsky estate (Muromtsevo) will somehow influence its revival and transformation into a truly worthy object on the map of Russian attractions.

Russia 10 – sights of the Central Federal District.

The Kremlin in Kolomna amazes with its power and grandeur. Built in 1525-1531 at the confluence of the Moscow and Kolomenka rivers, it was one of the most impregnable fortresses of the Moscow state. Unfortunately, today only some fragments of the fortress walls and seven towers have survived. Behind the walls of the Kremlin stands the Assumption Cathedral, built in the 14th century, several churches and a tented bell tower - the loudest belfry in our country. Currently, a military-historical sports and cultural complex is located on the territory of the Kremlin.

The Smolensk Fortress Wall, 6.5 km long, was built during the reign of Tsars Fyodor Ioannovich and Boris Godunov in 1595-1602. Unfortunately, less than half of the defensive walls and towers have survived. In the Middle Ages, the fortress had enormous defensive importance for the Russian state. Starting from the 17th century, it was stormed several times by numerous foreign enemy troops. Each of the retreating armies considered it their duty to blow up and destroy at least part of the fortress wall. In one of the surviving towers, a museum of the Smolensk Fortress is now organized.

Another name for the Rostov Kremlin is the Metropolitan Courtyard. Initially, it was built as the residence of the Metropolitan of the Rostov diocese. Therefore, the walls of the Kremlin are of a very decorative nature and are not designed for heavy defense. The Orthodox residence was built in the 17th century and is located on the shore of Lake Nero in the center of Rostov. The Kremlin walls have 11 towers, and there are several churches and cathedrals inside the territory. At the end of the 18th century it was almost demolished, but local residents defended it architectural monument, which today has become the most famous landmark of the Yaroslavl region. Episodes of the famous film “Ivan Vasilyevich Changes His Profession” were filmed within the walls of the Rostov Kremlin.

One of the most important tasks of the reserve was the restoration and preservation of the Russian muskrat population. In general, the reserve, founded in 1935 in the Voronezh region, is designed to develop and promote methods rational environmental management ecological systems in the Khoper River valley. There are about 400 lakes on the territory; during spring floods, more than 80% of the reserve’s area is flooded. This determines the special biosphere character of the flora and fauna of the natural complexes of these places, and makes the reserve one of the richest on the plains of Eastern Europe.

The Bogoroditsky Museum and Park is located on the territory former estate Counts Bobrinsky in the Tula region. Its history began at the end of the 18th century, when Empress Catherine the Great ordered the start of construction of a country ensemble under the leadership of architect Ivan Starov. In those days, the two-story white manor and the vast garden adjacent to it were considered a real miracle of these places. Today, the museum-reserve is gradually being restored after the defeat during the Patriotic War. In 1988, the palace was completed, housing the local history and art museum, and the park is being restored.

In the Vladimir region, 3 kilometers from the city of Sudogda, there is a noble estate, distinguished by an architectural design that is rare for Central Russia. The palace and park ensemble, which includes a Gothic castle, a cascade of ponds, numerous craft and forestry buildings, gardens and parks, combining the principles of regular and landscape planning, was built at the end of the 19th century by order of Colonel of the Life Guards Vladimir Khrapovitsky. Today the estate is protected by the state as an architectural monument and object cultural heritage federal significance. But, unfortunately, it is a ruin, through which little of its former greatness can be seen. And all progress in terms of restoration is very uncertain.

The pearl of Sergiev Posad, referred to in church literature as the Holy Trinity Lavra of Sergius, is located in the city center on the Konchura River. The men's monastery was founded in 1337 by St. Sergius of Radonezh. A unique object, erected in 1422, is the white-stone Trinity Cathedral, the earliest building of the monastery, which also preserved the iconostasis, painted by the great masters Daniil Cherny and Andrei Rublev. In the Trinity Cathedral lie the relics of Sergius of Radonezh. Since 1993 architectural ensemble, which over time formed around the laurel, is one of the objects.

The Assumption Cathedral is located on Cathedral Hill in the central part of Smolensk. The very first building of the cathedral, which became the first monument of monumental architecture in the city, was built on this site by order of Vladimir Monomakh back in 1101. After the capture of Smolensk by Polish troops in 1611, a church was erected on the site of the collapsed cathedral. After the liberation of the city, the latter was dismantled, and almost a century of construction began on a new huge five-domed temple. Erected in memory of the heroic defense of Smolensk in 1609-1611, the cathedral looks so majestic that, according to legend, even Napoleon took off his hat when he was next to it.

9. Museum-diorama “Battle of Kursk. Belgorod direction"

The central part of the Battle of Kursk Museum is a diorama dedicated to Prokhorovsky tank battle July 12, 1943. The canvas, painted by military artists, depicts the battle of the 29th Corps of the 5th Guards Tank Army under Lieutenant General P.A. Rotmistrov. In addition to the diorama, the museum houses more than 5 thousand historical exhibits. On the square in front of the museum there is an exhibition of military equipment. The museum will be of interest to lovers of military history and everyone who honors the memory of the victory in the Second World War. The Battle of Moscow, the Battle of Stalingrad, the Battle of Kursk and the jewelry operation “Bagration” became the main strategic battles of the war. And the strategy of deliberate defense used in the Battle of Kursk has become a classic of military art.

Central economic region has a favorable economic and geographical location. It is located at the intersection of water and land routes, which have always contributed to the development of economic ties. The central region borders Belarus and Ukraine, the North-Western, Northern, Volga-Vyatka, Volga and Central Black Earth economic regions, with which they are developing economic relations and interregional associations are formed.

Natural resource potential

The territorial resources of the Central Economic Region are relatively small and are inferior to the size of the eastern regions, and in the European regions to the North and the Volga region.

The relief is mostly flat, the climate is temperate continental. The climate allows for the cultivation of grain and industrial crops, potatoes, vegetables, the development of horticulture and various livestock sectors.

Fuel reserves are represented by the Moscow Region brown coal basin, which is located on the territory of five regions: Tver, Smolensk, Kaluga, Tula, Ryazan. Low-quality brown coal located near Moscow turns out to be 2.8-3 times more expensive than coal from other basins at its mining site. OJSC Mosbassugol is in a state of crisis: the enterprise's income does not cover the costs of maintaining the mines in working condition, wage arrears are accumulating, and the natural and environmental conditions of mining lead to an increase in the cost of mined coal.

Reforming the region’s coal industry allows it to receive funding from the state budget, which, in turn, revives the local “lignite” (brown coal consumption) electricity and heat power industry and makes it possible to solve social problems, since 70% of all mines and open-pit mines are city-forming enterprises.

There are peat deposits in the area in Tverskaya. Kostroma, Ivanovo, Yaroslavl, Moscow regions. The deposits are in the last stage of development.

Oil and gas areas have been explored in the Yaroslavl region, but are not yet being developed.

A few deposits of iron ore are known from mineral raw materials (Tula and Oryol regions). The Kosogorsk metallurgical plant was founded on the use of Tula ores (from the 16th-17th centuries).

Agronomic ores are represented by phosphorites in the Bryansk (Polpinskoye deposit) and Moscow (Egoryevskoye deposit) regions. Cement raw materials, limestones, and marls are available in the Bryansk, Moscow, Ryazan, and Oryol regions.

Diamond deposits have been discovered in the area rare earth metals(Tula and Orel regions).

Natural resources are mainly of intra-regional importance.

Population and labor resources

Occupying a small part of the territory of Russia. The central region stands out for its particularly large population. The increase in numbers occurs due to intensive migration processes. Currently, the population density of the Central region is 62 people. per 1 km 2, the most densely populated are Moskovskaya. Tula, Ivanovo, Ryazan regions.

The region is characterized by high specific gravity urban population - 83%. There are 248 cities and 400 urban-type settlements in the region, the largest urban agglomeration countries - Moscow. The capital region is characterized by the most developed social infrastructure.

The main demographic problem of the Central region is the problem of employment, which is currently being solved quite successfully, especially in the metropolitan areas.

Location and development of the main sectors of the economy

The leading branch of market specialization is highly developed diversified mechanical engineering, which specializes in the production of cars, machine tools, tools, instruments, electrical equipment for the light and food industries.

The main place in mechanical engineering belongs to transport engineering, which is represented by the production of cars, diesel locomotives, carriages and river vessels.

The center of the automotive industry is Moscow, where the Moscow Joint Stock Company “Plant im. I.A. Likhachev" (AMO ZIL), transformed in 1992 from the production association named after. I.A. Likhachev (ZIL), specializing mainly in the production of medium-tonnage trucks; OJSC AZLK, which produces Moskvich passenger cars; OJSC Avtoframos, created as a joint venture between Renault and the Moscow government; OJSC SeAZ (Serpukhov Automobile Plant), which produces Oka cars.

In Likino-Dulevo (Moscow region) there is a bus plant, Likinsky Bus LLC. One of the country's largest transport engineering plants is the diesel locomotive building plant in Kolomna, Moscow region. OJSC Kolomensky Zavod is the only Russian manufacturer and leader in the production of modern mainline passenger diesel locomotives, a developer and manufacturer of a new generation of passenger electric locomotives and freight diesel locomotives for the railways of Russia, the CIS and the Baltic countries. The company is part of the Transmashholding company and is an active participant in the implementation of the Comprehensive program for the modernization and renewal of traction and rolling stock, implemented by Russian Railways OJSC as part of the transport strategy of Russia.

Centers for river shipbuilding and ship repair are Moscow, Rybinsk (Yaroslavl region) and Kostroma.

The main centers of machine tool production are Moscow (Krasny Proletary, Stankokonstruktsiya, Stankolit, Stankonormal plants), Ryazan, Kolomna. Instrument making is developed in Moscow (factories "Energopribor", "Fizpribor", "Manometer", watch factories, etc.), Vladimir, Ryazan, Smolensk.

Electrical engineering is represented by the Moscow plants "Dynamo", "Moskabel" and plants in Kaluga, Yaroslavl, Alexandrov (Vladimir region).

The Central region is a consumer of Ural rolled ferrous metals and rolled products from the Central Chernozem region and Siberia, as well as from Cherepovets.

The industry of specialization is the chemical industry. Phosphate fertilizers are produced by Voskresensk Mineral Fertilizers OJSC (Moscow Region) and Bryansk Phosphates State Unitary Enterprise. Novomoskovsk joint-stock company "Azot" (Tula region) produces nitrogen fertilizers and pesticides for agriculture. Nitrogen fertilizers are also produced by the joint chemical company Shchekinoazot (Tula region) and Dorogobuzh OJSC (Smolensk region).

It should be noted that the chemical industry is characterized by integration processes, for example, OJSC Voskresensk Mineral Fertilizers is part of OJSC United Chemical Company URALCHEM, Novomoskovsk Joint Stock Company Azot is part of OJSC Mineral and Chemical Company EuroChem, etc. .d.

The region has developed organic synthesis chemistry, whose enterprises produce synthetic rubber, artificial fibers, and plastics. Synthetic rubber factories are located in Yaroslavl and Efremov (Tula region).

The oldest industry in the region is the textile industry. The central region produces more than 85% of all fabrics produced in the country. The cotton industry is represented by the Trekhgornaya Manufactory plant in Moscow, the Glukhovsky Cotton Plant in Noginsk (Moscow Region), and plants in Ivanovo, Orekhov-Zuevo, and Tver. Yaroslavl, etc. Linen fabrics are produced in Kostroma, Smolensk, Vyazniki (Vladimir region). The footwear industry produces 12% of the country's leather footwear.

The central region specializes in the printing industry.

The area has a developed food industry, represented by enterprises producing confectionery, pasta, bakery, meat, dairy, alcohol and tobacco products. The largest food industry enterprises are located in Moscow.

The electricity management of the Central region is at the stage of reform. The energy system of the region is dominated by thermal power plants, the largest of which are Kostroma, Konakovskaya, Cherepetskaya, Shchekinskaya state district power plants. Nuclear power plants are located on the territory of the region: Kalininskaya and Smolenskaya. The Verkhnevolzhsky hydroelectric power station cascade includes two hydroelectric power stations: Rybinsk and Uglich. The Zagorskaya PSPP operates in the area and the Zagorskaya PSPP-2 is under construction.

The construction materials industry is developed in the region (Moscow, Tver, Bryansk, Vladimir regions).

Agriculture in the Central region is largely of suburban importance. Cereals, sugar beets, hemp, potatoes, vegetables, etc. are grown. Dairy and meat cattle breeding, pig farming, and poultry farming are developed in the region.

Transport and economic relations

The central region has transport network represented by all types of transport. The leading place belongs to railway transport. The road network has a radial structure. Moscow is the largest hub of 11 railway lines, all of them electrified. The area has a pipeline system. Moscow is connected through a system of canals and the Volga to the Baltic, White, Caspian, Azov and Black Seas.

Energy resources, timber and timber, building materials, bread, rolled ferrous and non-ferrous metals, sugar, and cotton are imported into the region.

Exports are dominated by industrial products - machinery and equipment, automobiles, machine tools, instruments, instruments, electrical products, household appliances, fabric, shoes, etc.

Intradistrict differences

Moscow is the country's center of government and the main information center. Moscow has a special capital status, and it is directly subordinate to the Russian Government.

In the region, technology-innovation special economic zones have been formed in the cities of Zelenograd and Dubna.

The Moscow region specializes in mechanical engineering and chemical engineering. light (textile), food industry.

The Yaroslavl region specializes in mechanical engineering, petrochemistry, and textile industries.

The Ivanovo region is distinguished by its textile industry, especially cotton. Mechanical engineering and chemistry serving the textile industry are developed.

The main industries of the Vladimir region are mechanical engineering, chemical, textile and glass industries.

The Tula region in industry specializes in mechanical engineering, metalworking, metallurgy, chemistry, and mining of coal near Moscow.

The Smolensk region specializes in mechanical engineering, light and food industries. Mechanical engineering produces radio engineering, electrical engineering, and instruments.

In the Tver region, the leading place in industry is occupied by mechanical engineering and textile industries, and in agriculture - flax growing and dairy farming.

Main problems and development prospects

In the Central region, market reforms are being implemented more intensively than in many other economic regions.

Main prospects for the development of the Central Economic Region:

• improving the management of socio-economic processes;
• restoration and development of economic ties with other regions of Russia, with countries near and far abroad;
• agrarian reforms;
• reconstruction and re-equipment of enterprises;
• development of industrial and social infrastructure.

Capital investments directed into the region's economy are highly effective. In this regard, the share of investment in the region’s economy is projected at 21-22% of the total volume in the Russian Federation.

For those who still want to breathe clean air, we recommend paying attention to the Meshchansky district, in which there are three boulevards (Sretensky, Rozhdestvensky, Tsvetnoy), two gardens (Ekaterininsky and Botanical) and one park (Festivalny). The green zone of this area makes up 20% of its area, which is twice the average for the district.

Let's add a few more fly in the ointment to the honeyed dreams of life in the Central Administrative District:

- this is the most crime-prone district Moscow. And although passers-by here are not slaughtered on every corner, like somewhere on the outskirts, the Central Administrative District breaks all records in terms of the number of thefts and thefts

- most industrial enterprises are located here Moscow - about 240. But many of them are repurposed - their premises are rented out as warehouses and offices. To be fair, let us add that in the future everything industrial enterprises are going to be moved from the Central District to the periphery.

The most favorable areas for living in the Central Administrative District are Khamovniki, Tverskaya, Patriarch's Ponds, Old and New Arbat.

So, the Central District of the capital is, on the one hand, prestige and convenience, and on the other, a lot of problems: with the environment, with crime, and with housing prices. If the main thing for you is proximity to the Kremlin in literally this word, carefully read the description of this district to know what awaits you here.

Ecology of the district: don't breathe!

If you find yourself in the center of the capital, you will probably want to hold your breath. And the reason here is not even the gorgeous views and attractions that tourists love to look at. It is the air of Moscow that has become the factor that makes local residents want to leave this “prestigious” area.

The environmental situation in the Central Administrative District is far from the best compared to other districts of the capital. And the main reason is increased air pollution due to vehicle emissions, which contain about 83% of the substances that pollute urban air. Even in Alexander Garden the air quality is much worse than in large industrial centers. Common components included in its composition are carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, cadmium and zinc.

Because of this, residents of central Moscow are at risk of developing bronchial asthma, as well as the development of cancer. This is especially true for those who live along the main city highways (Basmanny, Zamoskvorechye, Presnensky, Tagansky and Yakimanka districts).

Children especially suffer. More and more babies are being born with congenital anomalies. Adolescents develop diseases of the nervous, endocrine and genitourinary systems.

As for industrial enterprises, many of those located in the center of Moscow have been repurposed and make money mainly by renting out space. Historically established industrial zones in the Central Administrative District are being transformed into modern office centers. Those enterprises that operate and pose a threat of pollution should in the future be moved to the outskirts.

Fortunately, one of the dangers encountered in other districts of Moscow is absent in the Central Administrative District. There are no chemical weapons depots here representing potential danger for its residents. About bacteriological and nuclear weapons in Moscow, too, nothing is heard.

Due to the unfavorable environmental situation, residents of the central districts of the capital are selling their apartments and moving to other areas of the city with a more environmentally friendly environment.

And yet, in the center of Moscow there are also relatively favorable areas. These are places where green areas and parks are still preserved - the area of ​​​​the Botanical and Neskuchny Gardens.

Population of the district: poor millionaires and rich workers

The Central Administrative District is home to 693 thousand people, which is 6.5% of the population of Moscow. This is the smallest of the Moscow districts. But to its permanent residents we should also add a couple of million who come here to work every day. Therefore, on the street here you can meet harsh representatives of the capital’s outskirts, and migrants from the countries of the former USSR, and, of course, native Muscovites who seem to have already come to terms with what has become of their hometown. The population density in the central districts of the capital is slightly higher than average compared to Moscow as a whole, and amounts to 11.5 thousand people. per 1 sq. km.

During the Soviet era, apartments here were given for particularly outstanding services. And now the descendants of the military, representatives of Soviet security forces, particularly prominent representatives of the creative intelligentsia, honored coaches of Olympic athletes and others live here respected people. Alas, with the change of era, living conditions have changed, and it has become much more difficult for the former working and creative elite to survive.

One of the main features and problems of the capital center is the heterogeneity of the social environment. Here, living side by side are both poor representatives of the “old guard” of the Moscow intelligentsia, who received an apartment under the USSR (or inherited it), and lucky representatives of the “new arrivals” who managed to earn an apartment in the city center. And there is such a paradox: people who have apartments with the most expensive square meters often languish in poverty, receiving a modest pension or going to low paid job. And those living in old houses are 35-40%. The rest are, as a rule, very wealthy people, forced to live side by side with the “last of the Mohicans.”

Due to such heterogeneity of residents, conflicts arise between people of different social classes. For example, due to the installation of video surveillance systems in houses, when low-income “old-timers” do not want to make their financial contribution to the common cause.

In addition to pensioners and their children, there are several social groups who prefer to live in the center of the capital. The first is business people who are fairly wealthy and are looking for housing close to their place of work. The second are people of creative professions who love a bohemian lifestyle. And the third category is highly paid foreign specialists working in Moscow. As a rule, all three categories are quite wealthy, because renting an apartment in the center will cost $3,000-10,000 per month.

There is another category of people who can be met in the Central Administrative District. These are illegal immigrants and migrant workers of all stripes. It is no secret that in the center there are a number of houses that have been declared uninhabitable and are officially empty. But it is these houses that have become the favorite habitat of illegal immigrants and homeless people. So even in the neighborhood of prosperous houses there may be such “dens”. Therefore, when choosing housing, you should pay attention to what other houses are nearby and who lives there.

Low-income residents of the Central Administrative District are moving to other, less expensive areas to live. Moving outside the Garden Ring is not only an opportunity to improve your financial situation due to the large difference in the cost per square meter, but also an opportunity to get more modern, spacious housing to replace your dilapidated apartment.

The first wave of migration occurred in the mid-90s, when communal apartments were resettled. The second wave was the beginning of the 2000s, when massive construction began in the city center. Their place is taken by “new residents” - wealthy people for whom living in the center is a sign of high status.

Districts: slices of Moscow pie

The Central District is the historical center of Moscow, and the names of the districts correspond to their historical names. They have a long history, their own legends, memorable places where they once walked, met, fell in love and created greatest personalities in the history of Russia.

If you look at the map, the Central District resembles a big pie, and the districts are “cut” like slices of this pie. Except that not all the slices are the same - Arbat is very small, but Khamovniki or Presnensky are disproportionately huge. Apparently the one who made this “cutting” was pretty drunk. However, all the best things in Russia are done in this state.

Over the years, excellent infrastructure has been created in the center of Moscow. The only problem is parking. They are sorely lacking.

Arbat- the smallest of the districts of the Central District (276 hectares). But this is one of the oldest districts of the city (it is more than five centuries old), and in terms of the number of monuments per square meter it will give odds to any of the European capitals. There are 7 metro stations in this area (Alexandrovsky Garden, two Arbat stations, the Lenin Library, Borovitskaya and two Smolensk stations). Many ancient buildings from the 18th-19th centuries have been preserved here. They are being reconstructed and turned into luxury housing or business centers.

There are practically no large enterprises on Arbat, and there is no mass construction here. This is a very calm area with quiet alleys, and many foreign embassies have chosen to locate here.

This area is known for the iconic Arbat (Old Arbat) street of the same name, where every Soviet intellectual dreamed of getting there. The name comes from the word “arba” (“cart”). It was first recorded in the chronicles of the 15th century and it is believed that the Tatars who came to Moscow stayed here. Later, courtyard servants, archers and artisans lived in this area.

In the 17th century, there were several settlements in the area, named after the artisans living there. Icon, Plotnichya, Denezhnaya, Trubnaya, Streletskaya Sloboda... These names take us back to distant history, when the power of Russia grew stronger and its territory expanded.

Today Arbat is a place of entertainment for Muscovites and guests of the capital. There are many restaurants and cafes, as well as expensive boutiques. Maybe this is why bachelors prefer to settle here? By the way, Arbat is the only district in the center of the capital where the stronger sex makes up most of population.

Unfortunately, Old Arbat is considered one of the most disadvantaged areas of Moscow. Here you can meet all kinds of street vendors, beggars, fortune tellers and scammers of all stripes. Street theft is common here. And since the victims of thefts and robberies, most of whom are tourists and other visitors, are not used to similar cases If you contact the police, it is extremely difficult to catch the criminals.

In terms of real estate prices, Arbat ranks second in the district. Rent two-room apartment in an old house on Filipovsky Lane will cost 80,000 rubles here, and the usual price for a three-ruble note with an area of ​​150 square meters. m. - about 150,000 rubles per month.

Buying a new apartment on Arbat will cost a tidy sum. Even a one-room apartment with an area of ​​35-40 sq. meters, in the area of ​​Kropotkinskaya metro station will cost 16 million rubles. “Kopeck piece” on Prechistenka - about 30 million rubles.

Basmanny district is located in the northeastern part of the Central Administrative District. This is the most distinctive of all the districts of the capital. The scientific and cultural life of the capital was in full swing here. This is where the country's intellectual elite lived. There are a number of large industrial facilities in the district, but they, like the Gas Plant, for example, are rented out for offices or are museums.

Industrial facilities are not separated from other areas by green zones. There are few parks in the area. Chistoprudny and Pokrovsky boulevards, as well as the Garden named after them, are well suited for walks. Bauman. The Yauza River passes through the area, flowing into the Moscow River.

The name “Basmanny” comes from the word “basma”, which means “thin sheets of metal with a pattern.” This is where the minters lived. Basmannaya Sloboda was one of the largest in Moscow.

Today, 15 urban highways with heavy traffic pass through the area. Even in ancient times, an important transport route passed here, connecting the Kremlin with the Trinity-Sergius Lavra.

Interesting places in the area. Khitrovka is an area on the border of Basmanny and Tagansky districts. This place has enormous cultural and historical value. Previously, there was the Khitrovka market here, renamed by the Bolsheviks to Kolkhozny. In addition, there are many historical and architectural monuments of federal significance.

Moscow State University of Technology them. Bauman (“Baumanka”) is the scientific pride of all of Russia. This is the country's first technical university, opened in 1764 by decree of Empress Catherine II. Then it was called the “Imperial Orphanage”. Over the 80 years since 1918, this forge of scientific personnel has produced 120,000 people.

Among the theaters located in this area, it is worth noting the Sovremennik Theater, founded by graduates of the Moscow Art Theater School, including Oleg Efremov, Oleg Tabakov, Evgeny Evstigneev and other famous artists.

Housing prices, oddly enough, are relatively low here, at least in the Baumanskaya metro area. And this is surprising, because here there is a developed infrastructure and historical buildings have been preserved.

Rent a one-room apartment with an area of ​​40 sq. m. m. near the station. m. Elektrozavodskaya will cost only 35 thousand rubles per month. Buying an apartment in the Kurskaya metro area - from 6 million rubles and above. “Kopeck piece” costs a little more – 8.5 million rubles and more.

Zamoskvorechye– located south of the Kremlin, just beyond the Moscow River. Hence the name of the area. Once upon a time it was chosen by merchants, and the old one-story buildings are still preserved here. The Garden Ring divided Zamoskvorechye into two completely different parts. The part inside the Garden Ring has preserved the historical appearance of the city, with numerous historical and architectural monuments. And the part that is located outside of Sadovoye turned into a scientific and industrial zone, which was built up until the end of the last century.

Once upon a time, on these lands there were located the Garden settlements - Upper, Middle and Lower. Next to them was Ovchinnaya Sloboda, where suppliers of sheepskin and wool lived. Another famous settlement located on the territory of Zamoskvorechye is Ordynskaya. It got its name because of the “Horde people” who were engaged in transporting tribute to the Horde. This is where the name came from - Ordynka.

Housing prices in Zamoskvorechye are among the highest, about 30% higher than the Moscow average. At the beginning of 2013, 1st quarter. m here costs about $7,000. And, despite this, the upward trend in housing costs in Zamoskvorechye continues.

Monthly rental cost for a one-room apartment with an area of ​​40 sq. m. in Zamoskvorechye - from 35 thousand rubles and above. Buying a one-room apartment in the Shipilovskaya metro area will cost 6 million rubles and more, a two-room apartment (Paveletskaya metro station) - from 8 million rubles. and higher. For those who want to purchase new apartment in a new building, you will have to collect from 14 million rubles, or better - 16-18.

Two-room luxury apartment with an area of ​​80 sq. m in the new “English Quarter” will cost 25 million rubles.

Krasnoselsky district – named after the village of Krasnoe, located near Moscow on the Yaroslavl road and known since 1423. These places received the name “Red” because of the beauty of the surrounding nature. Now this area with dense buildings of the 20th century is one of the most inexpensive in the Central Administrative District in terms of housing costs.

Krasnoselsky district has its own peculiarity. This is the subordination of all life activity to the heart of the area - Komsomolskaya Square with three stations (Leningradsky, Kazansky and Yaroslavsky), which is the largest transport hub. About 30% of the area of ​​the district is occupied by railway transport track facilities. There are seven metro stations in the district. The presence of stations has a serious impact on the social sphere of the area. First of all, the huge flows of people passing through them attract the attention of criminals, about half of whom are visitors.

In the Krasnoselsky district there are 7 general educational schools, 2 musical, 2 sports schools, from universities - Moscow State University of Transport and Communications and several colleges.

To the 35 thousand population registered in the region, in the summer another 440 thousand are added who work here or come here on business. This is a serious burden on all services in the district. The demographic situation in the area is quite difficult. A quarter of the population are pensioners, and this proportion is constantly increasing.

Apartment prices here are the lowest in the Central Administrative District. The average cost per square meter is just under 200 thousand rubles. The rental price for a one-room apartment in the Krasnoselskaya metro area starts from 30 thousand rubles. If you want to buy an apartment, then prices for a one-room apartment start from 8 million rubles, for a two-room apartment - from 8.5 - 9 million rubles.

Meshchansky district has a unique historical aura. Almost the same age as Moscow, it has kept many secrets on its territory. 75% archaeological sites Moscow is located in this area. Previously, “Kuchkovo Field” was located here, and along the main highway of the region, formed by Bolshaya Lubyanka, Sretenka and Prospekt Mira, there used to be a road to the Trinity-Sergius Monastery and the Vladimir-Suzdal Principality. The symbol of the area is the Sukharev Tower, built in the 17th century.

The development of that part of the area, which is located within the Garden Ring, was completed at the end of the 19th - beginning of the 20th century; these were mainly apartment buildings. The other part of the area was developed at the end of the 20th century, with corresponding architecture.

The area is well provided with transport infrastructure. There are 7 metro stations here, as well as the most important highways - Prospekt Mira and part of the Garden Ring. 20% of the district's territory is occupied by green spaces. This is one of the best indicators of the Central Administrative District. In particular, the Botanical Garden is located here, founded back in 1706 by Peter I. Sretensky, Tsvetnoy and Rozhdestvensky boulevards are beautifully landscaped.

In the Meshchansky district there are excellent opportunities for outdoor sports. On Olympic Avenue there is a Festival Park, where many different sports sections, including horse riding. Nearby is the Olympic Stadium, which is the largest indoor stadium in Europe, accommodating 45 thousand spectators, that is, almost the entire population of the area. But now this stadium is used more as a concert venue.

The most important medical institutions of the capital are also located in the area. This is the famous “Sklif” (Sklifasovsky Research Institute of Emergency Medicine) and the former Staroe Catherine Hospital.

The educational sector of the Meshchansky district is represented primarily by the Architectural Institute and Theater School them. Shchepkina. There are also 11 schools located here, 5 of which are specialized.

Prices in the Meshchansky district are quite high. One sq. m. of housing costs about 230 thousand rubles. The rental price for a one-room apartment near the Rizhskaya metro station is 40,000 rubles per month. Buying a separate apartment will cost 9 million rubles for a one-room apartment near Sukharevskaya metro station, and the price for a two-room apartment starts at 10-12 million rubles.

Presnensky district was once the most developed industrial area of ​​the capital. The main factories and factories of Russia were located here, and the working people living here constantly went to the barricades, fighting for their rights.

Today it is the largest region in terms of territory (1170 hectares) and population (116 thousand people). But it is losing its industrial potential, because factories can operate on the periphery, but for new modern offices this is exactly what is needed. It is here that the largest business centers - Moscow City and the International Trade Center - are being built, and old industrial enterprises, one after another, are being transferred to the periphery.

The area got its name from the small river Presnya, which flows into the Moscow River. You can’t even see this river now, but its poetic name has become firmly entrenched in history. The names of the streets also preserve the memory of past times when artisans lived in this area, back in the 17th century. In honor of the bakers, it was named Kalashnaya Sloboda, in honor of the gunsmiths - Bronnaya and Palash, in honor of those who prepared pickles - Kislovskaya.

Presnensky district has the highest concentration of scientific, cultural and educational institutions. There are 6 metro stations here (Barrikadnaya, Begovaya, Vystavochnaya, Krasnopresnenskaya, Mezhdunarodnaya and Ulitsa 1905 Goda). As in other central regions, there are many historical and cultural monuments located here.

This is where Russian industry came from. Trekhgornaya Manufactory is the oldest textile enterprise in Russia, founded in 1799. Other industrial giants are the Krasnaya Presnya machine-building plant and the Presnensky machine-building plant.

Among the attractions and entertainment located in the Presnensky district, it is worth noting the Moscow Zoo, as well as many theaters, the most famous of which is the Moscow Art Theater. Gorky, Moscow Drama Theater. Pushkin, Moscow Theater of Satire and Moscow State Conservatory. Tchaikovsky.

In the Presnensky district are located the Government House of the Russian Federation and the famous Vagankovskoye cemetery - the resting place of many celebrities. Among them are Sergei Yesenin, Bulat Okudzhava, Georgy Vitsin, Mikhail Pugovkin and many others.

The highest prices for apartments in the Central Administrative District are recorded in the Presnensky district. The average cost per square meter is 671 thousand rubles. As in many other central regions, rent for a one-room apartment per month is from 30 thousand rubles per month, for a two-room apartment - 40,000 rubles per month. A one-room apartment on Presnenskaya Embankment will cost 20 million rubles, and apartments in less favorable areas cost from 8-9 million rubles and more. Prices for two-room apartments start at 12-13 million rubles.

And if someone needs a new luxury three-room apartment (110 sq. m.) in a new building near the Patriarch’s Ponds, get ready to pay about 2 million dollars for it. And although for that kind of money you can buy an island in the ocean (and maybe even more than one!), true Russian patriots prefer to invest that kind of money in the development of the capital’s construction industry.

Tagansky district – one of the oldest in the capital. It spreads over 800 hectares east of the Kremlin and has developed transport links. Two major highways pass through it - Entuziastov Highway and Taganskaya Street, which smoothly turns into Nizhegorodskaya. Five metro lines pass through the area (Tagansko-Krasnopresnenskaya, Koltsevaya, Kalininskaya, Lyublino-Dmitrievskaya, Kaluzhsko-Rizhskaya) and there are 8 metro stations there. All types of public transport operate here, including tram lines. Despite the large number wide roads, congestion is a common occurrence here due to irrational traffic management.

A significant part of the district’s perimeter runs along the picturesque bank of the Moscow River, built up with both Stalinist architectural masterpieces and modern elite complexes.

Another river, the Yauza, runs through the northern part of Taganka. By the way, the area got its name in honor of the Tagannaya craft settlement, where the manufacturers of tagans - tripods for boilers - lived. There were other craft settlements in the area, where boilermakers, blacksmiths, and potters lived. And today working people live in this area, and the population density is higher than the average for the district - 13,421 people per square meter. m.

Tagansky district has excellent educational infrastructure. There are 23 kindergartens, 25 educational schools and 10 universities, of which the most famous are the Moscow State Academic Art Institute. Surikov and Moscow Aviation Technology Institute named after. Tsiolkovsky, and also Military Academy Strategic Missile Forces named after. Peter the Great.

The extreme eastern part of Taganka is historic district Kulishki. This once swampy area is now filled with government buildings such as the Russian Ministry of Industry and Trade. Nearby is Khitrovka, partly included in the Tagansky district.

There are about 1,500 enterprises operating in the district, so working people come here every day from all over the capital. As a result, due to endless traffic flows, local residents cannot breathe. The salvation is two parks - Tagansky and Pryamikova. Among the cultural symbols of the area, one can note the Vysotsky House Museum and the Taganka Theater.

Although Taganka is predominantly a business district, there are also residential and industrial areas. The disadvantages are that there are few cultural institutions (only two cinemas) and shopping centers(there are only 4 of them, mostly in the Taganka metro area).

It would seem that Taganka is haunted by black karma. Despite the fact that this is one of the central areas of the city, not many people want to move here. And the price of housing here is comparable to Butovo or Mitino. Main reasons – bad environment. More than half of the housing offered for sale here is old economy-class buildings. About 2% of the properties are new luxury housing. Developers have little interest in this area, and new buildings are rare here.

The most inexpensive housing in this area can be purchased for up to 6 million rubles (“odnushka” with an area of ​​38 sq. m.), and luxury apartments in new residential complexes from $1 million and above.

The price of secondary housing in the area is about 200,000 rubles per sq. m. m., which is an extremely low figure. A 1-room apartment in the Volgogradsky Prospekt area will cost you 28 thousand rubles per month. If you want to buy an apartment in this area, get ready to shell out 8 million rubles for a one-room apartment and 10 million rubles for a two-room apartment.

Tverskoy district- This is the most promising district of Moscow. It is located along the most important artery of the capital - Tverskaya Street. It is this area that the Kremlin belongs to, although it is now allocated to a special district called “Kitai-Gorod”.

It is here that the most developed infrastructure corresponds to the center of Moscow. It has the most metro stations (16), the best theaters ( Bolshoi Theater, Operetta Theater), the best shopping malls (GUM, TSUM, Okhotny Ryad), as well as the best companies located their offices here. Indeed, Tverskoy has become the personification of the capital's business district with the highest concentration of offices per 1 square meter, but as a result it has become one of the most unfavorable in terms of security due to frequent thefts, mainly in office centers.

Another danger of the area is the constant showdowns between “local” and visiting “party people” that take place on Manezhnaya Square. Although if you are an extreme sports enthusiast and love thrills, walk here more often on weekend evenings. To be fair, it is worth noting that Tverskaya is truly the most cheerful district of Moscow, and folk festivals are held here on all holidays.

“Golden youth” like to settle in the Tverskoy district, and in general all those who love a cheerful lifestyle and are drawn to the entertainment that is here on every corner. Highly paid office workers and foreigners also buy apartments here.

Another problem in the area is prices. Food products are especially expensive here. And this is not surprising - numerous office workers I need to eat lunch somewhere, and buy food for my own cooking. And tourists who come to the capital to “waste their lives” do not really count their money, which is what local businessmen take advantage of.

You just have to walk a little away from Tverskaya and you find yourself in quiet narrow streets where the spirit of Old Moscow is still preserved. Embassies are located here different countries, as well as offices of many enterprises.

Kitay-Gorod is the oldest district of Moscow, part of Tverskoy, but having a special status. It starts from the fortress walls of the Kremlin and includes the streets: Nikolskaya, Ilyinka and Varvarka. Kitay-Gorod was the name of the part of Moscow closest to the Kremlin. Around them was " White City”, and even further - “Earth City”. Already in the 16th century, this area was chosen by the Russian nobility, and even now Kitay-Gorod retains its elite status. Today it is the business center of Moscow.

Housing prices on Tverskaya are among the highest in Moscow. The cream of society, the very elite, live here. And if suddenly you find a one-room apartment at a price of 40-45 thousand rubles per month, consider yourself very lucky. Renting a two-room apartment starts from 50 thousand rubles per month.

Buying an apartment in the Tverskoy district requires at least 8 million rubles for a 1-room apartment near the Mendeleevskaya metro station, and 11 million for a two-room apartment near the Belorusskaya metro station.

Khamovniki District harmoniously fits into the coastal landscape of the Moscow River, which washes it on three sides. The ancient architecture has been preserved almost unchanged. There are many churches and architectural monuments here. The name comes from the word "ham", meaning linen.

This is a comfortable area to live in, one of the best in Moscow. This is where the historical district of Ostozhenka is located, where the most expensive apartments in Moscow are located. Once upon a time this was a floodplain area near the Moscow River, where there were meadows and meadows. It was here that hay was prepared for the royal stables. The name Ostozhenka came from the haystacks that stood here. Although in Soviet times this was the most unpopular area, today it is one of the most expensive streets in the capital, where there are many historical and architectural monuments.

Along the perimeter of the district, on the other side of the Moscow River, there are many green areas - Central Park of Culture and Culture, Neskuchny Garden, Vorobyovy Gory. This provides clean air and beautiful views from the windows of houses on the embankment. Unlike other central districts, there are not many metro stations in Khamovniki - only six. Western part The area is occupied by the Luzhniki Olympic complex, which represents another green zone. Adjacent to it is the Novodevichy Convent complex and the Novodevichy Pond, which are also a green area. In the center of the district you can stroll through Trubetskoy Park or Devicheye Pole.

Frunzenskaya embankment is the decoration of the area. Apartments here were given only to prominent military leaders and senior officers, as well as the best representatives of the Moscow intelligentsia. Today this is the cherished dream of many Muscovites, especially those with children. Along the Pushkinsky Bridge you can get to Gorky Park, and if you walk along the embankment, you can go to Arbat and Tverskaya. There is excellent infrastructure: cinemas, restaurants, supermarkets and shops.

Transport links in Khamovniki are quite well developed. There are six metro stations and quite a few bus and trolleybus lines. But there is no tram service in the area.

The section between Ostozhenka, Prechistenka and the Moskva River is called the “Golden Mile”. This is a cozy residential area consisting of elite houses of Stalinist construction with high ceilings. Just behind the Golden Mile is the Cathedral of Christ the Savior, recreated in the 90s of the last century. The original temple was built from 1839 to 1883, but during Soviet times it was destroyed and a swimming pool was located in its place for a long time.

Rent a one-room apartment near st. Sportswear will cost 32 thousand rubles per month. A suitable two-room apartment can be found for 38 thousand rubles/month. Buying a one-room apartment in the same Sportivnaya area will cost 10 million rubles, a two-room apartment will cost from 12 million rubles. and higher.

Lovers of luxury housing will have to pay about 1.3 million dollars for a three-ruble note in the new building of the Luzhniki House residential complex in the Sportivnaya metro station area.

Yakimanka from the outside it looks like an island of peace and tranquility in the middle of a noisy metropolis. In fact, this is part of the historical Zamoskvorechye, but separated into a separate district. Only 23 thousand people live here. About a third of the district’s area is occupied by parks - Central Park culture and recreation named after. Gorky and Neskuchny Garden. Therefore, there are very few streets (76) and only three metro stations (Polyanka and two Oktyabrskikh).

Thus, due to the low population density and abundance of green areas, Yakimanka has a high rating among central regions. Let's add here a developed infrastructure, preserved historical buildings, plus new ones modern complexes. As in Zamoskvorechye, the architecture of Yakimanka is divided into “what is inside the Garden Ring” and “what is beyond it.” In the first case, we can see many pre-revolutionary buildings, and in the second, the development of the area consists of brick and panel houses of the 20th century.

The beauty of Yakimanka is that it is much cleaner and more comfortable here than in many other central areas. Narrow streets and quiet alleys are reminiscent of Old Moscow, familiar to us from the songs of Vladimir Vysotsky and Bulat Okudzhava.

One of the most famous attractions located in this area is the Tretyakov Gallery. There are also many churches preserved here - historical and architectural monuments.

Another “miracle” is the monument to Peter I (“In commemoration of the 300th anniversary of the Russian fleet”) on artificial island- one of the creations of the tireless Zurab Tsereteli, which claims to be one of the tallest monuments in the world. True, at first it was a monument to Columbus, but the Americans refused such a Columbus, and the sculptor quickly made Peter out of it. Now Muscovites have one more concern - how to make sure that this 98-meter monument is not visible. One of the proposed options is to build a skyscraper around it.

Prices for apartments on Yakimanka are slightly higher than in regular central areas. A one-room apartment will cost 32 thousand rubles. per month, “kopeck piece” with an area of ​​58 sq. meters – 50 thousand rubles. per month. Buying an apartment requires an amount of 10 million rubles for a one-room apartment, and 12-14 million rubles for a two-room apartment.

An elite three-room apartment in a new building in the English Quarter residential complex (Mytnaya, 17) now costs approximately 48 million rubles.

Infrastructure of the Central District of Moscow

The infrastructure of the center of Moscow is superbly developed. Still, high status obliges. But for some reason, the residents of the districts of the Central District themselves are constantly dissatisfied with something. Either they don’t like traffic jams, then the air is not the same for them, then major repairs in their houses were done under the Tsar, or icicles fall at the most unexpected moment and on their heads. And yet, what is really going on with the infrastructure of the capital?

Roads and transport. If Moscow is the Third Rome, then all roads lead to Rome, that is, to the Kremlin. The central part of the capital is densely entangled in a web of avenues, streets and alleys. All main avenues - the capital's transport arteries - lead to the city center. The main ones are: Prospekt Mira, Tverskaya, Novoslobodskaya, Krasnoprudnaya, Shosse Entuziastov, Leninsky Prospekt and many others. And the avenues are connected by the Garden Ring.

Traffic jams are the main problem on Moscow roads. The local news constantly contains reminiscent reports from the theater of operations and reports about current state main transport routes of the capital.

All types of public transport operate in the city center: metro, trams, buses, trolleybuses. But the problem of ground transport has become constant traffic jams in the center of the capital, because buses and minibuses are forced to stand, like everyone else, in the general flow. In some places, separate lanes have been allocated for public transport, which helps solve this problem. Unfortunately, only a few streets and avenues can boast of this.

Parking is a separate issue on which more than one generation of Moscow deputies has made a career. There is a constant shortage of parking spaces in the center; existing parking lots cover less than 50% of the needs. Attempts to make parking paid cause a storm of indignation among Muscovites, accompanied by protests.

Schools and kindergartens. We can safely say that if you have chosen the Central Administrative District to live, then your child will have a place to go to study. On the territory of the Central Administrative District there are more than 200 preschool educational institutions(nurseries, kindergartens), approximately 150 general education and special schools.

Hospitals and clinics. Residents of the center of Moscow have access to approximately 120 medical institutions of various profiles. These include medical centers, multidisciplinary hospitals and clinics, and dental clinics.

Stadiums. Almost every district has its own sports complex with a stadium. The largest and most famous sports complexes are Luzhniki in Khamovniki and Olimpiysky in the Meshchansky district.

Shops and shopping centers. If in Soviet times there were shops in the center on every corner and for every taste, now the situation has changed dramatically. Where there were the usual bakeries and vegetable shops, there are now elite boutiques and restaurants.

Usually, to buy something, you need to get to the nearest supermarket. For pensioners who have health problems and do not have personal transport, this is an almost impossible task. But our savvy man will find a way out everywhere. Grannies have learned the latest technologies and now order groceries to their homes via the Internet.

If we compare the adopted standards for the provision of residents retail space, then the Central Administrative District breaks all records - 207% of the norm. On the other hand, if we consider that during the day the population increases five times, the situation is not so attractive. However, due to the high cost of goods in the center, many low-income residents of central regions prefer to go shopping to the outskirts - everything is much cheaper there.

Metro. There are no problems with this in the center: there are as many as 67 stations, and their number is increasing. Moreover, in each district there are 6-10 stations, and from there there is no problem going to any part of Moscow. Unless it's rush hour, of course. After all, it is at this time that hard workers from all over the capital rush to take their place workplace: some are behind the monitor screen, and some are on the street to hand out leaflets in a cheburek costume. As they say, to each his own...

Despite all this abundance, the population of the central regions has enough reasons for sadness. Muscovites living here are concerned about the dilapidated housing stock, dense buildings, traffic jams, a catastrophic lack of parking, and difficulties in cleaning the streets (especially in winter). We have already talked about environmental problems above. There is another trend that causes sadness among Muscovites - the reduction of convenience stores. Therefore, to buy yourself a loaf of bread, you will have to get in the car and drive to the nearest supermarket.

Economy of the district: bread and circuses!!!

A countless number of enterprises are registered on the territory of the Central Administrative District - an order of magnitude higher than in other districts. And this is not surprising. Having a “registration” in the center is very prestigious. And in the center there is something to do, especially for small businesses. After all, this whole horde of workers needs to be somehow fed, entertained and served. Therefore, there are more than 81 thousand small enterprises operating in the district, employing 740 thousand people. In addition, the center contains 40% of trade enterprises, 60% of restaurants and cafes in the capital. The most famous shopping galleries are GUM, TSUM, Detsky Mir, Krestovsky shopping center, and Garden Gallery. There are also shops with a rare specialization, for example, “Writer’s Book Shop”, “Sheet Music”, “Architect’s Shop”.

Shopping centers delight with their number and variety. It is impossible to list them all; we will only talk about the most significant.

One of the best shopping centers in Moscow is the legendary GUM. Located on Red Square, this architectural monument was once called the Upper Trading Rows. Today it is a whole shopping district where you can buy absolutely everything. But you can also get lost. Fortunately, this building has a legendary fountain - a meeting place for all those who have lost each other.

"TSUM" (near the Kuznetsky Most metro station) is one of the best premium stores with more than hundred years of history. Built in 1908, the building is a bizarre combination of Gothic and Art Nouveau. Convenient location a stone's throw from Red Square, in close proximity to three metro stations, its own parking and five levels with elevators, on which more than 1,500 global brands of clothing, cosmetics and perfumes, and household goods are located - all this makes the former “department store » an attractive shopping center. The total area of ​​the Central Department Store is 60 thousand square meters. meters. There are several cafes here to suit every taste, including a champagne bar.

One important source of jobs is government agencies. The Russian authorities are located in the Kremlin and its environs - the President, ministries and departments, as well as the State Duma.

When you leisurely stroll along the central streets of the capital, you get the impression that the basis of the economy of the Central District is made up of institutions catering, which are in the city center right at every step. Indeed, Muscovites love to eat. And not anyhow, but tasty and chic. Here are the best and most expensive restaurants in Moscow, as well as cafes and bars.

But Muscovites live not only on bread alone, but also on spiritual food. Therefore, spectacles are an important component of life in the center of the capital. These include concerts at the Olimpiysky Sports Complex, folk festivals, and fashion shows. And, of course, night clubs, of which there are over a hundred in the center of Moscow, and for every taste. High fashion is well represented by local talent - the long-established Kuznetsky Most Fashion House and the later Slava Zaitsev Fashion House are located here.

The industry for which the center of Moscow was once famous is losing its importance. First of all, due to the fact that it was decided to move it to the outskirts in order to reduce the burden on the city’s ecology, which is already in a deplorable state.

Of the 240 industrial enterprises located in the Central District, 61 are state-owned, 82 are privately owned. The volume of industrial products produced by enterprises of the Central Administrative District is 69,017 million rubles, or approximately 20% industrial production Moscow.

It is worth noting that the number of enterprises registered in the Central Administrative District includes Moscow representative offices of large companies operating in other regions of Russia. These are OJSC Oil Company ROSNEFT, FSUE Russian State Concern ROSENERGOATOM, LLC Eurocement Group, OJSC TVEL, CJSC LUKOIL-NEFTEKHIM, OJSC ROSNEFTEGAZ. Also, some of the enterprises operate in all districts of Moscow (MOSENERGO OJSC, State Unitary Enterprise of the City of Moscow Mosgaz, State Unitary Enterprise Mosvodokanal, etc.).

If we consider the total volume of industrial production, then about a third of it is made up of food industry enterprises (“Babaevsky” confectionery concern, “Red October”, “Rot-Front”, “Udarnitsa”, “Dobryninsky” confectionery factories).

Another third are enterprises engaged in publishing and printing (publishing houses EKSMO, Kommersant, Pronto-Moscow and others). A little less – about 20% of the total volume – is occupied by mechanical engineering enterprises. The largest of them are: MTZ Transmash, LLC Production Company AQUARIUS, Moscow Plant of Calculating and Analytical Machines named after V.D. Kolmykova. There are also about 30 light industry enterprises operating in the Central Administrative District.

And now – attention: the main industrial zones of the capital’s center: “Paveletskaya”, “Magistralnye Streets”, “Volgogradsky Prospekt”, “Mitkovskaya Branch”, “Zvenigorodskoe Highway”, “Kursky Station”, “Gruzinsky Val”. This is especially important when choosing housing. On the one hand, housing is usually cheap in such areas, but ecological situation– very heavy.

Crime in the area

Compared to other districts of Moscow - Southern and Eastern, in the Central Administrative District the criminal situation is not so threatening. Still, the center is the center, and law enforcement agencies pay increased attention to it. But crimes are committed here, too, and those who want to settle here should know what to watch out for.

The Central District, with its abundance of luxury housing, has become a target for those who are accustomed to making money from burglaries. Due to the fact that a significant part of the housing stock is old houses built by Stalin, the residents in these houses are poorly protected from the entry of uninvited guests. Steel doors and alarms do not always help against cunning burglars. But in new houses, with a protected territory, the situation is much safer and calmer.

In addition to apartments, they also like to “clean out” offices, especially in the Tverskoy district. The large flow of people in business centers makes it possible for some petty thief to sneak in unnoticed, steal something that is in poor condition and also disappear unnoticed.

Another problem for residents of the area is street theft. Since, to put it mildly, not the poorest population of Moscow lives here, any snatched purse can turn out to be a tasty morsel for criminals. The area of ​​Old Arbat is especially dangerous, where it is swarming with foreign tourists dreaming of buying some kind of souvenir for themselves. Therefore, there are many shady characters hanging around here who can snatch your bag at any moment.

In terms of the number of car thefts, this district is inferior to VAO or ZAO. But car thefts are not uncommon here either. Most often this is due to the fact that there is a lack of guarded parking in the center, and thefts most often occur at night.

If we talk about some high-profile criminal cases, we cannot help but recall “werewolves in uniform” and “wolves in sheep’s clothing.” In Moscow, especially in its center, law enforcement officers themselves are involved in high-profile criminal cases. For example, in 2010, FSB Lieutenant Colonel Sergei Kuritsyn and the head of the criminal police of the Krasnoselsky Department of Internal Affairs, Alexander Kadyntsev, were arrested. They were accused of extorting bribes from criminal investigation officers from the Yakimanka and Krasnoselsky districts, as well as the traffic police of the Central Administrative District of Moscow. First, the attackers falsified criminal cases and then demanded bribes to close them. Total amount the extorted money amounted to 400 thousand US dollars. And as it turned out, Kadyntsev and Kuritsyn are just performers, and the customers are larger and more important bigwigs.

Based on the results of the investigation, other employees of the internal affairs security services were identified who were themselves violators of the law and cover-ups of crimes. Thus, police major Marat Ibragimov and his subordinate protected the illegal dens of illegal immigrants in the houses of the Central Administrative District, allocated for demolition.

But in general, the crime situation in the center of Moscow is calmer than in other areas. The main thing is to remember that you should always keep your eyes open.

Sights of the Central Administrative District

Red Square- the most famous place in Moscow, not counting the Kremlin. This is where parades and folk festivals take place, and where the best shops and monuments of the capital are located. Let's briefly list: Lenin's Mausoleum, St. Basil's Cathedral, monument to Minin and Pozharsky. Nearby is the Historical Museum, and a little to the side is the entrance to the Alexander Garden, where at the grave Unknown Soldier The Eternal Flame burns.

Moscow Kremlin- something that every person who comes to Moscow should see. The first fortifications of Moscow date back to 1156, and the existing 20 towers were built in 1485 - 1516. On the territory of the Kremlin there is the Armory Chamber - a museum-treasury, the Grand Kremlin Palace, several cathedrals and the Bell Tower of Ivan the Great, the Tsar Cannon and Tsar Bell monuments. Also in the Kremlin is the official office of the President of Russia, and the leadership of the Russian Orthodox Church is also located here.

Hotel "Moscow"– one of the largest hotels in the capital, occupying an entire block. It was built in 1933-1935. Stalin himself paid great attention to the development of this hotel. In 2004, the old building was completely dismantled and a new one was to be built in its place. There will be rooms, residences and apartments, offices and retail space for rent here.

Stalin's skyscrapers. In 1947, the Soviet government, on the orders of Stalin, prepared a program for the construction of 8 multi-storey buildings in the center of Moscow. The prototype of the buildings was the Manhattan Municipal Building. A total of 7 buildings were built, since construction of the eighth was stopped after Stalin's death. In the Central District there are: a house on Kotelnicheskaya Embankment, the building of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, a building on the square at the Red Gate, the Leningradskaya Hotel, a residential building on Kudrinskaya Square. All of them amaze with their scale - after all, they were built in the middle of the 20th century.

Intercession Cathedral (St. Basil's Cathedral) became a symbol not only of Moscow, but also of Russia. It was built under Ivan the Terrible in honor of the capture of Kazan and the conquest of the Kazan Khanate. It is believed that it was built by the architect Postnik Yakovlev, nicknamed Barma. The temple is crowned with 11 domes, each of which is unique. The height of the cathedral is 68 meters. During Soviet times, there was a museum inside the cathedral; now services are held there.

Moscow Circus on Tsvetnoy Boulevard– one of the oldest in Russia. It was discovered in 1880 by Albert of Salamonsky. The trainers Durovs, the clown Bim-Bom and other famous artists of their time performed there. In 1919, this circus became the first Soviet circus. For a long time it was led by the unforgettable Yuri Nikulin, a great clown and comedian of the 20th century.

State Tretyakov Gallery in Lavrushinsky Lane Zamoskvorechya is one of the most famous galleries in Moscow. The house, which the Tretyakov family bought in 1851, contains works by the best Russian artists, dating back to the second half of the 19th century, as well as ancient icons. In 1971, the Tretyakov collection consisted of 55,000 works of art.

For those who care not only about the purity of the soul, but also the body, we can recommend the famous Sandunovskie baths on Neglinnaya street. Public baths have existed here since 1808. They are known far beyond Moscow and are one of the city's attractions. The current building was built in 1896.

Central Park of Culture and Recreation named after. Gorky(metro Park Kultury) is one of the favorite vacation spots of Muscovites, where you can escape from the boring city bustle. It was founded in 1928, because young Soviet workers needed somewhere to rest from the harsh workdays. Many pavilions, attractions, and a Ferris wheel were installed here.

Today, Neskuchny Garden also belongs to the PKO, which is also a popular place for recreation and celebrations. In 2011, the park was reconstructed, and the updated Park of Culture should now become a truly cultural place.

"Cafe Pushkin" on Tverskoy Boulevard - one of the most expensive restaurants in Moscow. But they say it's worth it! Here you can try excellent Russian cuisine, but the main thing is the unique atmosphere of antiquity, present everywhere. And of course, excellent service.

Many of our compatriots are thinking about where they can move to live within the country. Ratings demonstrating the advantages and disadvantages of individual cities can help them make their choice. How are they compiled? What is taken into account? Which Russian cities occupy the top rankings in certain categories?

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Features of cities and regions of Russia

Environmental, climatic and economic conditions in different parts our countries are noticeably different. How to determine which Russian cities and regions are favorable for moving to permanent residence? Based on public opinion polls and statistical data, ratings are compiled that should help understand this issue. Many media outlets carry out similar research, but the most respected rankings are those compiled by organizations such as the Department of Sociology Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation and the Center for Strategic Research of the Rosgosstrakh company. The data source is the Federal State Statistics Service. There are many criteria by which the situation in each city and region is assessed.

Where is it better to move to live if the environmental factor is important to you?

Human health largely depends on the state of the environment. Toxic waste pollutes air, water and soil can cause serious illness and even premature death. The presence of environmental problems is especially dangerous for pregnant women and children. Various congenital pathologies are the result of exposure to toxic emissions on the human body.

There are three factors that determine the state of the environment:

• industrial waste;
• car exhaust gases;
• geographical location.

Enterprises in industrial cities and a large number of transport in megacities are the main sources of pollution. In addition, the concentration of toxic substances depends on geographical location. If a city is located between hills, air currents do not blow its territory well enough. In this case, the concentration of harmful emissions increases many times over.

1. Pskov;
2. Smolensk;
3. Murmansk;
4. Nizhnevartovsk;
5. Sochi.

The list of the most environmentally friendly cities is headed by Pskov.

The cleanliness of the atmosphere in this city is maintained thanks to the coniferous forests located around it. Another positive factor is the many green spaces in the park areas of Pskov.

Pskov is different not only ecological cleanliness, but also beautiful architecture

It is also worth paying attention to the opposite rating, which determines the most environmentally polluted cities in Russia. When choosing a place for permanent residence, it is important to know in which cities the difficult environmental situation poses the greatest health risk. The environmental anti-rating is as follows:

1. Norilsk;
2. Moscow;
3. Saint Petersburg;
4. Cherepovets (Vologda region);
5. Asbestos (Sverdlovsk region).

It is easy to notice that this list includes megacities and cities where large industrial enterprises are located. For example, the Severstal metallurgical plant is located in Cherepovets.

Medical care

An integral part full life is the opportunity to receive quality medical services. Life expectancy directly depends on this factor. Level assessment medical care is based on surveys of residents: how satisfied they are with the accessibility and professionalism of treatment. Additional indicators include the mortality rate among people of retirement age and the percentage of people with incomes below the average who seek paid medical services. Rating of Russian cities with the highest level of healthcare:

1. Moscow;
2. Saint Petersburg;
3. Naberezhnye Chelny;
4. Tyumen.

It's important to remember that common cause disability and premature death are cardiac problems. Timely diagnosis and highly professional treatment can stop the development of cardiovascular diseases. People suffering from such ailments should pay attention to the availability of cardiology clinics in the city or region to which they plan to move. These medical institutions must meet modern standards. A large number of clinics providing high-quality treatment for vascular and heart diseases are concentrated in Moscow, however, there are also high-tech cardio centers in other Russian cities. For example, the Tyumen Cardiology Research Center, the Novosibirsk Research Institute of Circulatory Pathology named after Academician E.N. Meshalkin and the Research Institute of Cardiology named after V.A. Almazov in St. Petersburg.

Many patients strive to get to the Novosibirsk Research Institute of Circulatory Pathology named after Academician E. N. Meshalkin

Standard of living

In Russia, the leaders in terms of income are Moscow and the regions of Siberia and the Far East, where large oil and gas fields are located. The remaining Russian regions lag significantly behind the leaders. This trend has continued for many years. Rating of average monthly income of working citizens in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in 2017:

1. Yamalo-Nenets autonomous region(RUB 73,091.7);
2. Moscow (RUB 70,220.8);
3. Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug (RUB 64,097.55);
4. Nenets Autonomous Okrug (RUB 61,592.85);
5. Chukotka Autonomous Okrug (58,063.5 rubles).

The Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug is distinguished not only by its high level of income, but also by its beautiful nature

It is worth noting that in regions rich in hydrocarbon reserves, it is not only oil and gas industry workers who receive high wages. For example, in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, which ranks first in the ranking, the average monthly income school teacher is about 60 thousand rubles.

The leaders of the all-Russian list simultaneously top the income level ratings in the Central, Ural, Northwestern and Far Eastern federal districts. To complete the picture, it is worth comparing the average earnings of residents in federal districts:

1. Central Federal District (RUB 45,312.3);
2. Northwestern, Ural, Far Eastern federal districts (40,530.6 rubles);
3. Siberian Federal District (RUB 31,081.05);
4. Southern, Volga federal districts (25957.8 rubles).

The average wage characterizes only one aspect of the standard of living. To others important aspect One that cannot be overlooked is the cost of living and price level. An indicator such as housing affordability will help to understand this issue. Rating of cities with the highest price of 1 square meter of housing:

1. Moscow (RUR 202,269);
2. St. Petersburg (RUB 110,114);
3. Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk (RUB 104,319);
4. Vladivostok (RUR 97,576);
5. Sochi (RUR 95,467).

For comparison, it’s worth checking out the list of cities with the lowest cost of 1 square meter of housing:

1. Nizhnekamsk (RUR 33,501);
2. Novokuznetsk (RUR 33,935);
3. Biysk (RUR 34,558);
4. Rybinsk (RUR 36,470);
5. Cherepovets (RUR 36,806).

Settlements with affordable housing prices are mainly located in the Volga region, the Southern Urals and the Siberian Federal District.

Moscow is the financial center of the country

Climate

Which climatic conditions are considered the most favorable for human health and functioning? Positive factors include minor day-to-day fluctuations in air temperature and the absence of sudden changes in atmospheric pressure. To strengthen the immune system, the human body needs to get enough ultraviolet radiation, this is especially important for children. Therefore, a large number of sunny days a year has a positive effect on people's health.

Taking into account the listed criteria, the most comfortable for living climatic zones are the Azov, Black Sea and Caspian coasts. The following cities are located in these zones:

• Krasnodar;
• Sevastopol;
• Novorossiysk;
• Astrakhan;
• Sochi.

You caught ever think about what you want run over from your own city? Moreover, it does not matter what the reasons were for this. The problem arises elsewhere - how Right pick up the future place of residence? Where to go? IN which Russian city live? This needs to be dealt with in detail.

Where to move to live?

In Russia more than a thousand settlements, and in each of them there is a person whom not satisfied his place of residence, for one reason or another.

From Moscow

Suppose you live in Moscow. To choose new places need to be approached intelligently.

In recent years, everyone has been present in this city European traits – overpopulation, many hours traffic jams, polluted air. Therefore, many residents involuntarily think about where to go leave from this metropolis.

First of all, pay attention to Moscow region. If you don’t want to change your workplace, you can always move to coming cities:

• Korolev;
• Balashikha;
• Zvenigorod.

If this doesn't fit, then there is another option– go to the northern capital – Saint Petersburg. There are more calmly, cars on your way you will meet many less.

Do you want to leave altogether? European part Russia? Then a good replacement for Moscow would be: megacities, How:

1. Novosibirsk;
2. Chelyabinsk;
3. Yekaterinburg.

From the North

In the North earlier were tall salaries. For this reason, many people have endured extreme cold which had a detrimental effect on their health. After a protracted economic crisis the situation has changed. Where it's better to leave these frosty regions?

First of all, please pay attention your attention to middle lane. These include:

• Ryazan region;
• Ivanovskaya region;
• Kostroma region;
• Tverskaya region;
• Tula region;
• Moscow region;
• Bryansk region;
• Vladimirskaya region;
• Kaluga region;
• Smolenskaya region;
• Lipetskaya region;
• Nizhny Novgorod region;
• Pskovskaya region;
• Yaroslavl region.

It's much more summer here longer, and the climate is significantly softer. If you decide to move to southern city, then get ready for acclimatization. How long it will last depends on the individual features body. This is very difficult for him trial.

From small towns

Do you live in small locality? Then you probably wanted to get into big city. But here’s the problem: young people most often I can't afford it Moscow or St. Petersburg. However, cities such as Ufa, Rostov-on-Don or Tyumen will be an excellent choice. Especially if you have serious life plans.

If you are not satisfied bustle even in a small town, you can always get poisoned to the village. It is worth understanding that today work, for which pay, in places like this few. But today thanks Internet you can work remotely.

Must be taken into account many factors. For example, in a big city there are many entertainment, there is always somewhere to go. Salaries also differ. But there is also cons:

• Get there to many places from the city outskirts by car very difficult, especially after working hours;
• Gasoline is more expensive than in the regions;
• Large human clusters, which are difficult to get used to for a long time;
• Not everyone can profitably cling to good life in a big city.

With a child

Choice Russian city finds it difficult if you have small child . After all, I want a better life for my children. First of all, you need to proceed from the following criteria, How:

• Comfort. It is necessary to take into account that everything necessary was nearby and did not have to travel far to kindergarten, school, for groceries etc.;
• Safety. This includes environmental situation. You shouldn't travel to great distances with children. contaminated cities;
• Availability of space in kindergarten And school;
• Sufficient quantity higher educational institutions. Even one, but worthy one will be enough;
• Worthy medical institutions and the proximity of their location;
• Suitable climate zone . Many children are very hard tolerate acclimatization, so do not suddenly change the climate, find a city with similar weather conditions.

Consider these factors and pick up settlement under own needs. Moreover, most cities are already answer these requirements.

Where is the best place to live?

Life in the south of Russia

If we talk about southern regions of Russia, then it is best to live in Krasnodar region. Generosity and fertility - this is what it is famous for Krasnodar. Temperature changes happen here rarely, so the climate is mainly moderate. There are more than 1,000,000 people, but this is almost unnoticeable, since the vanity - at a minimum.

Krasnodar located in one of favorable places for accommodation. It is located on the so-called "golden line". This 45th parallel, which is located between the equator and North Pole . This explains mild climate conditions cities.

Large factories in Krasnodar none, interruptions with almost jobs No. It's good in the city business is developing. On average the salary is 35,000 rubles per month.

Life in the north of Russia

Due to global warming The climate is changing in different regions of Russia. In Siberia today winters have become more warm than it was 10 years ago.

Tyumen will excellent choice future place of residence. This city is oil and gas capital Russian Federation. This is where it is mined the biggest amount of oil. Plus - high salaries, minus - disgusting ecological situation.

And in Irkutsk there is a landmark that attracts more and more immigrants from different cities. This Lake Baikal. Find out why remarkable this is the lake from this article.

The second Siberian city in which you can live is Irkutsk. Salary there's much here below, however, this does not prevent residents from being productive work. Numerous jobs are provided to residents enterprises And factories.

According to statistics, better life in Siberia takes place in:

1. Tomsk region;
2. Omsk region;
3. Novosibirsk region;
4. Krasnoyarsk region.

Climate Here will withstand far not everyone. Summer more often short, A winter is long And cold.

IN Altai region And Republic of Khakassia best conditions in order to develop entrepreneurial business. And in Novosibirsk– the highest salaries among the population throughout Siberia.

In many Siberian regions high level of culture. Old ones are actively developing museums, new ones appear theaters and other establishments.

No wonder they say that Siberia- This unusual part Russia. Here modern technologies goes well with traditional Russian traditions.

Which cities have better ecology?

It is very important for a person ecological situation. If a city is polluted, then it is impossible to breathe and live well in it. TO the purest Russian settlements include:

1. Zlatoust;
2. Murmansk;
3. Sochi;
4. Smolensk;
5. Nizhnevartovsk;
6. Surgut;
7. Krasnodar;
8. Vladivostok.

According to statistics, it is in these cities the best ecological conditions for human life. How Is this rating determined? Experts the necessary is collected information from a colossal amount sources. These include:

• Print and electronic press;
• Stories from citizens;
• Information from authorities and other public organizations.

Where are there more vacancies and higher salaries?

Each Russian region is different from the other. One of the criteria is salary level. Average monthly allowance in Russia – 20,000 – 25,000 rubles.

In what region? more profitable work? In this matter it is essential influences for income industry, in which certain categories of citizens work. For example:

1. Involved in mining industry– 45,000 rubles;
2. Wages financier– 50,000 rubles;
3. Workers in oil and gas industry– 70,000 – 80,000 rubles.

Where such salaries? Oddly enough, this not Moscow And not St. Petersburg.

The highest salaries in the following regions:

• Chukotka Autonomous Okrug;
• Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug;
• Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug;
• Nenets Autonomous Okrug;
• Tyumen region;
• Novosibirsk region.

Also big advantage is that in these regions many employers offer vacancies on a rotational basis with provision of housing. In addition, you can come here at all no money, because food is also included. Therefore, people from all over the country go to earn money north.

There is another city in Siberia with a fairly large number of vacancies- This Omsk. Read here about Omsk and its sights.

In addition to the good money that enterprises pay people, there are a number of regions where most vacancies.

1. Moscow. It is believed that in the capital of Russia colossal amount jobs. There is work here for both professions narrow focus, and for specialists generalist.
2. Saint Petersburg. Occupies second place after Moscow. Salary is somewhat below, however the number of vacancies may rival with the main Russian city.
3. Kamchatka region. There are many vacancies in the field mining. The downside is not favorable environmental situation, because of which people are not attracted to even good jobs.
4. Novosibirsk. Vacancies in this city also enough. Among them more 10% are those where specialists are paid 150,000 rubles.
5. Tyumen. Here, as in Novosibirsk, many vacancies And high salary level.

Where is housing and accommodation cheaper?

Housing is required by any person, this is an axiom. In all regions of Russia prices for houses and apartments vary. The closer to Moscow, the more expensive. In addition, the cost of housing in megacities And outback is also different.

If we talk about the city with population of 500,000 people, then the average price per square meter is 35,000 rubles. There are areas in which the cost of housing is only decreases. For example, Smolenskaya– one square meter of apartment costs no more 25,000 rubles.

According to statistics 2016 the cheapest housing in Ivanovo region– you need to pay less per square meter 24,000 rubles.

Federal service government statistics indicate that basic set goods and services today cost on average almost 14,000 rubles. From food this includes 81 positions, starting from marshmallows and ending with meat. From 41 points non-food products are distinguished: use world wide web , haircut And visiting bathhouses.

Today cheapest live in Makhachkala, as well as in Chelyabinsk region. In third place is Mordovia. In these regions the cost shopping cart below everything.

Moving to the sea

Many people catch themselves thinking: “I want to live by the sea!” If such a thought has occurred to you, there is no need to doubt it. Pack your bags and head to sea ​​shores. Where exactly should we move? Let's find out.

For example, Black And Azovskoe will appeal to most travelers. Prices for real estate here short. Of course, that's it depends on location.

To move to the sea, you need to familiarize yourself with the basic resort towns and their infrastructure. Read the article about Black Sea and its resorts.

Another option is Lake Baikal. Beautiful species, nature reserves and fresh air- everything suggests that live nearby with such a pond just a fairy tale.

If you think run over whether to live by the sea or not, then take everything into account advantages:

• Excellent environmental situation;
• The climate is mild;
• Transport network and infrastructure perfectly developed;
• Economic situation better than in other Russian regions;
• Lots of healthy fruits.

Moving to Crimea or Sochi - which is better?

Still there are disputes, where it is more interesting and profitable to live - in Sochi or in Crimea. On the one hand, after Olympics 2014 years, life in Sochi has changed significantly. There are many additional jobs which pay high salaries. On the other hand - housing significantly more expensive.

Still you're thinking about moving to one of these resort towns? Then look at the following pros:

1. Ecological situation at a high level;
2. Suitable for permanent living climatic conditions;
3. Possibility to organize profitable business (for example, open your own hotel).

Give a definite answer impossible, since the climate temperature regime and others advantages life at sea in both cities identical. Therefore, everyone must decide where he wants to move.

Not every resident of the Russian Federation who has reached retirement age prefers to stay in their own city. Many leave their apartments to their children or grandchildren, and they themselves prefer to choose a cheaper locality. Indeed, low pensions force a considerable percentage of pensioners to look for cities that are more convenient for living in terms of prices and benefits. Of course, in this case the situation across the country is very heterogeneous.

Some localities in our country are good for permanent work. They have high salaries, but at the same time very high prices. Living in such a city, a pensioner has to give a huge share of his income just to pay utilities and purchasing food. Often there is no time left even for medication. But there are also cities where life is quiet and comfortable even with relatively small pensions. Every pensioner can find a good option for themselves. Today we’ll talk about where it’s best to live in retirement in Russia, and we’ll look at the most attractive options, taking into account expert advice.

Belgorod

Belgorod is considered one of the best cities in terms of living standards in the Russian Federation as a whole. Local pensioners certainly have nothing to complain about. A huge advantage of this settlement is its ecology. There is a huge amount of green space here, and water is supplied from underground sources.

The city itself is relatively inexpensive, and you can easily live here even on a small pension.

Belgorod is not huge in size; only about 400,000 people live here. Retirees who wish to continue labor activity, they may well find a job option for themselves. Average wages here is about 30,000 rubles.

Read also: Pension size in England

But, of course, the main advantage of this region is the abundance of benefits. The following categories of the population can count on relaxations here:

• old age pensioners;
• labor veterans;
• WWII veterans and home front workers;
• disabled people.

The list of benefits is also quite diverse. For some categories of the population it is more, and for others a little less. Let's consider the main privileges for elderly residents of our country who do not have the status of a labor veteran, the Great Patriotic War or a disabled person:

1. Exemption from transport tax.
2. Possibility of applying a deduction for payment of property tax.
3. Possibility of applying a deduction when purchasing an apartment or house in the city.

Disabled people can also count on receiving free medicines and trips to health resorts. They are given the opportunity to use social taxis free of charge. As for labor benefits, a disabled person has the right to an annual leave of at least 30 days and a full salary when working 35 hours a week. Housing in Belgorod is relatively inexpensive, so why not?

Ufa

Research has shown that Ufa is one of the cheapest cities in the Russian Federation in terms of prices for essential goods. Moreover, it is included in the list of price leaders among megacities. Therefore, if you are not satisfied with the small and quiet Belgorod, and you want to live in a city with a population of one million, the capital of Bashkortostan will be one of the most attractive options.

The cost index in Ufa was only 11,500 rubles. The following indicators were taken into account in the calculations:

• cost of medicines;
• food prices;
• costs for housing and communal services;
• expenses for vehicle care products.

The approximate cost of a communal apartment in this city does not even reach 3,000 rubles, which, compared to many other cities, looks simply meager. In order to maintain the technical condition of his car, a pensioner will have to spend hardly more than 4,000 rubles a month. The estimated cost of food products that will be enough for you to live a full life is 2,800 rubles. In other cities you can rarely live on this money. As for medications, a monthly set will cost about 1,500 rubles.

As for the benefits that Ufa provides to pensioners, these include:

1. Discounts on land, property, transport taxes.
2. Monthly regional supplement.
3. Tax deduction when buying a house or apartment.
4. Discounts on travel in city and suburban transport.

Ufa is perfect for residents of our country who love big cities with high-quality medical care, an abundance of benefits and other privileges.

Omsk

Another million-plus city, well suited for residents who have lived their entire lives in Siberia or the North and do not want to travel far. The climate in Omsk is milder than in the North, so if you are tired of eternal frosts, this city will be a good option (although, of course, not Sochi). Another important advantage is the location and transport communications. The city has a good airport and passes through it. Trans-Siberian Railway, by which you can get to a wide variety of points in Siberia and the European part of the Russian Federation. It is very beneficial for pensioners, who are often visited by relatives from various regions of our country.

As for the features of Omsk in terms of living standards, the following features should be highlighted:

• the cost index is approximately the same as in Ufa. For food products, car care, medicines and utilities you will have to pay about 11,600 rubles;
• Omsk ranks 6th in the ranking for doing business and 3rd in terms of business climate. Therefore, if you have your own business, it’s time to re-register it in this city;
• Omsk is the leader in the Russian Federation in terms of infrastructure development, and also ranks 4th in crisis resistance and 5th in social indicators.

As for benefits for pensioners, the list in this case is quite standard (if we do not consider benefits for disabled people and labor veterans). In this case, you will also be able to qualify for property and transport benefits, discounts on public transport and privileges when purchasing residential premises. However, the regional supplement is provided only for unemployed citizens whose pension does not reach the subsistence level.

Krasnodar

Do you want to buy a small house in your old age with your own garden and engage in farming? Then, perhaps, you couldn’t find a better city than Krasnodar. ABOUT fertile lands Kuban legends have been going on for centuries. Plus, the attractive climate, excellent ecology, and proximity to the sea can brighten up the everyday life of a pensioner.

Moreover, if you decide to engage in farming professionally, Krasnodar is also a good choice. The business climate in the city is quite attractive. That is why there is no shortage of jobs here, even in the absence of large factories (which has a beneficial effect on the environment). Krasnodar is a large city, just shy of a million. The infrastructure here is well developed, and most likely there will be no problems with obtaining the necessary services.

It consists of 18 territorial entities. And for this reason it is the largest in terms of their number. There are no republics in the Central Federal District, only regions, and the only one is the capital of our country, Moscow. By the way, it is not only the largest city of the entire district, but also its administrative center. However, first things first.

Peculiarities

Before considering the composition of the Central federal district, it is worth noting the features that distinguish it.

So, the Central Federal District was formed on May 13, 2000. It has no access to any sea and, accordingly, the ocean. But nevertheless, this is the largest district in terms of population and number of territorial entities, as mentioned above. A little more than 39 million people live in the Central Federal District. This is approximately 26.7% of the total number of citizens of the Russian Federation. The density, by the way, is ~60.14 people per km².

The Central Federal District includes two large economic regions, including 310 cities. These are the Central Chernozem and Central regions. The area occupied by them is 650,205 km². This is approximately 3.8% of the entire territory of Russia. But, despite such small dimensions, the Central Federal District is the basic macro-region of the entire country.

Capital

As mentioned above, the Central Federal District includes Moscow. It occupies the smallest area when compared with other subjects of the Central Federal District - only 2,511 km². But despite this, on average 10 times more people live in Moscow than in other regions of the district. There are 12,330,126 people in the capital, according to the latest statistics.

What can you tell us about Moscow? After all, this is the capital, and that says it all. But it is still worth noting that the city is the largest financial center nationwide and one of the largest business metropolises in the world. And perhaps it wouldn’t be superfluous to say that Moscow is in first place among all cities on our planet in terms of the number of people living on its territory dollar billionaires. There are 79 of them here, at least as of 2011.

And of course, Moscow is the largest transport hub Russia. During the year, the volume of passenger traffic is about 11,500,000,000 people.

Moscow region

It is the next most populous subject of the Central Federal District after the capital. The area of ​​the region is approximately 44.4 thousand km². About 7.32 million people live in this territory.

In terms of GRP volume, the Moscow Region is in third place among all Russian regions. This is a well-developed region, which, by the way, is facilitated by its proximity to the capital. On the one hand, this fact plays a positive role. But on the other hand, the capital is taking over the labor resources of the region. It’s just that many people living in Moscow Region work in the metropolis. And for this reason, it is their taxes that go to the Moscow budget.

Industry is well developed in this region. In particular, metalworking and mechanical engineering. It produces rocket and space technology, nuclear and thermal energy equipment, mainline diesel locomotives, electric trains, buses, carriages, excavators and much more.

Other regions and their significance

The Central Federal Region also includes the Lipetsk Region, a region located on territory that has been inhabited since the Upper Paleolithic (40-12 thousand years ago). This is what scientists say. 85% of the region’s territory is covered with chernozem, and 300 mineral deposits have been identified here. In terms of reserves of carbonate raw materials, the Leningrad Region is the leader of the Russian Federation.

Talking about the composition of the federal districts, one cannot help but note that it is part of the Central Federal District Ivanovo region. After all, its territory produces 32.8% of light industry products from the all-Russian volume (indicator No. 1).

The Oryol region is also included in the Central Federal District. It is distinguished by its economy, which has a pronounced agrarian-industrial character.

The Tula region is also included in the Central Federal District. This is one of the most socially disadvantaged regions. Low birth rate, increased mortality, a large number of accidents, poor ecology, and more than 420 thousand people (and in total ~1,500,000 citizens live in TO) are pensioners. But the food industry is developed here. Most shining example- Yasnaya Polyana confectionery factory, which produces gingerbread cookies famous throughout Russia.

Features of larger areas

Few federal districts can boast such a variety of territorial entities as the Central Federal District. Not all areas were listed above.

There is also Belgorodskaya. It is special in that about 40% of the iron ore reserves of the Russian Federation are concentrated on its territory. A good environmental situation is observed in the Kaluga region. 75.6% of its territory is occupied by soddy-podzolic soils. 45.2% of the area is occupied by forests, and the total timber supply, in this regard, is 267,700,000 m³.

In the Vladimir region, the environmental situation is bad, but mechanical engineering is well developed. About 40% of the industrial product is created through this area.

The Central Federal District (CFD) also includes the Kursk and Tambov regions. The main activity of the first is in the mining and beneficiation of ore, as well as in mechanical engineering. The industry of the Tambov region is recognized as one of the leading sectors of the regional economy.

The Bryansk region is known for its highly developed railway transport and radio electronics. And also timber processing. The Yaroslavl region, which also largely determines the important position of the Central Federal District, is one of the most highly developed in industrially regions. About 300 local businesses have national significance. In addition, this area is known for its good mineral resources (thin ribbon clays are common here, quartz sand, peat, gravel, etc.).

Finally

As you can see, the Central Federal District is quite solid in economic terms. The composition of the areas, as well as their features, is useful to know. But the last 5 regions have not yet been mentioned. But they are also important.

The Ryazan region, for example, is known for the fact that its area contains 103.5 thousand hectares of the most important natural areas. And protected, accordingly. IN Smolensk region Animal husbandry for dairy and meat production is well developed. Agricultural land covers about 1,750,000 hectares!

The Voronezh region is the absolute leader in the entire country in terms of employment. Kostroma is known for having the largest enterprises in the Russian Federation specializing in the production of lifting and oil and gas equipment. And finally, the Tver region, the last one. Construction and trade are developed on its territory.

What conclusion can be drawn? Unambiguous. All areas that are part of the Central Federal District are special and valuable in their own way. And thanks to each of them, the Central Federal District is the most highly developed in Russia.