Russian physicist and mathematician, specialist in the field mathematical physics, full member of the Russian Academy of Sciences (1984).
Graduated from the Faculty of Physics of Moscow state university them. M.V. Lomonosov (1953).
Heads the Laboratory of Mechanics of Natural Disasters of the Institute of Problems of Mechanics of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the Department of Quantum Statistics and Field Theory of the Faculty of Physics of Moscow State University. M. V. Lomonosov. From 1968 to 1998 - head of the department of applied mathematics at the Moscow Institute of Electronic Engineering (now the Moscow Institute of Electronics and Mathematics). Currently he is a professor in this department.
A major specialist in the field of mathematical physics, differential equations, functional analysis, mechanics and quantum physics. He developed asymptotic methods widely applied to equations arising in quantum mechanics, field theory, statistical physics, abstract mathematics, and bearing his name. Maslov's asymptotic methods are closely related to such problems as the theory of self-consistent fields in quantum and classical statistics, superfluidity and superconductivity, quantization of solitons, quantum theory fields in strong external fields and in curved space-time, the method of expansion in terms of the inverse number of particle types.
Worked on problems of liquid and gas, conducted basic research on problems of magnetic hydrodynamics related to the dynamo problem.
Participated in calculations for the emergency block Chernobyl nuclear power plant, modeling and forecasting economic situation in Russia (1991).
Monographs
* V.P. Maslov. Perturbation theory and asymptotic methods. - M.: Moscow University Publishing House, 1965.
* V.P. Maslov. Operator methods. - M.: Science, 1973.
* V.P. Maslov, M.V. Fedoryuk. Semiclassical approximation for the equations quantum mechanics. - M.: Nauka, 1976.
* V.P. Maslov. Complex Markov chains and Feynman path integral for nonlinear equations. - M.: Science, Chapter. ed. physical and mathematical literature, 1976.
* V.P. Maslov. Complex method VKB in nonlinear equations. - M.: Science, Chapter. ed. physical and mathematical literature, 1977.
* V.P. Maslov, V.G. Danilov, K.A. Volosov. Math modeling heat and mass transfer processes. - M.: Science, 1987.
* V.P. Maslov. Asymptotic methods and perturbation theory. - M.: Science, Chapter. ed. physical and mathematical literature, 1988.
* V.P. Maslov, V.P. Myasnikov, V.G. Danilov. Mathematical modeling of the emergency unit of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. - M.: Science, Chapter. ed. physical and mathematical literature, 1988.
* M.V. Karasev, V.P. Maslov. Nonlinear Poisson brackets. Geometry and quantization. - M.: Nauka, 1991.
* V.P. Maslov. Quantization of thermodynamics and ultrasecondary quantization. - M.: Institute of Computer Research, 2001.
IN new history blog Legends.ru – Viktor Aleksandrovich Maslov – a great coach and person tragic fate, a football inventor ahead of his time.
1966, Wembley Stadium. World Championship final. In extra time, Tofik Bahramov scored the famous English goal, and they became world champions for the first – and, it seems, last – time in history. Alfred Ramsay brings the world energetic football and scheme 4-4-2 (4–1–3–2 , to be picky), and at the post-match press conference he argues in the spirit that he couldn’t think of any higher goals, and it would be nice to take some team from the lower division and bring them to elite. Later, however, he would extend his contract with the England team until the next world championship, but at that moment, no one could stop him from acting like a triumphant. I had to give up too much for this victory. The seemingly unshakable tradition of wing forward dribblers such as Stanley Matthews (! ), was violated; the classic post-forward was replaced by a mobile one, operating across the entire width of the attack, by Hurst. Old good England seethed with indignation, but in the end she got what she wanted.
Those July days a thoughtful and thoughtful man wandered through London's Hyde Park silent man. He was short, strongly built, with a gait that spoke of the thoroughness of his owner. He was part of the delegation of Soviet trainer-observers. Rare moments when he shared his impressions of what he saw with the editor of the weekly "Football" Lev Filatov, and his hoarse bass cut through the London air, he seemed overly arrogant. While there was widespread admiration for the organization of England's midfield - with its anchor midfielder Noby Stiles supporting the ever-present trio led by Bobby Charlton as playmaker - he saw nothing new in the English game.
“The leading team definitely dictates its terms. For a while, you can use your old capital to gain points by inertia, but sooner or later it will end.”
The fact is that even then there was no place for wingers in his Dynamo (player Valery Lobanovsky left Kyiv precisely for this reason). Even then, the role of a breakwater defender was established, breaking waves of opponent’s attacks, which Vasily Turyanchik handled brilliantly - there was no more unyielding player in the Kyiv team; “a brutally fair defender,” as the team doctor called him. Even then there was a midfielder-playmaker - the incomparable Andrei Biba, the best player in 1966 - directing the game and partially freed from defensive duties. Even then, a midfield was created that both defended and attacked collectively. The next round of development of football thought was presented in London, but took place much earlier - thanks to the best Soviet coach of the 60s. Innovative coach.
***
According to Jonathan Wilson, an expert in the history of football tactics, there were three of them in Soviet football. The first is Boris Arkadyev with the famous “team of lieutenants” and football with all my might. Third – Valery Lobanovsky with Dynamo Kyiv and reasonable universalization. Second in chronological order he was. Bushy eyebrows, a potato nose, eight years of education, speech, sometimes flavored with strong words. Not a hint of Arkadyev's disarming intelligence - directness, sometimes turning into rudeness. No hint of search scientific justification Lobanovsky; Maslov, even without conducting complex computer analysis, knew (or rather felt) that the intensification of training increases their effectiveness many times over, that the future lies in functional training, and athletic work is no less important than working with the ball. Of the coaching tools, he owned three - a whistle, a stopwatch and intuition. The last one is perfect. An athlete, as they would say today. Among the achievements that he left to his descendants is the invention of the circuit 4–4–2 and the role of a breakwater defender, the opening of pressure and the introduction of zonal defense in its purest form. He was called “professor”, but the team called him “grandfather”. Either for tolerance of the shortcomings of his grandchildren-football players, or for boundless wisdom.
“For me, there are no beautiful goals: the main thing is that the ball crosses the goal ribbon, and the referee points to the center...”
They say there will be no more revolutions in football. The last one happened in 1974, the orange one. And throughout the previous decade, football gradually prepared itself for it. Maslov was one of those through whom future changes were carried out - from the world of ideas directly to the green rectangle of the stadium. They joked about him that God told him about football. After a while, it doesn't seem incredible.
***
The football paradigm shift, like any other, is not painless. Brazilians are the best football players in the world, so we must play 4–2–4 , - officials reasoned after the 1958 World Championship in Sweden (after the 1966 World Championship in England, the priority in choosing a scheme will change). Everything in football is determined by the class of opponents in each specific duel taking place on the field, and if so, personal guarding is the most reliable type of defense, fans and journalists reasoned. “Grandfather” did not favor the latter; scolded for incompetence ( "empty talkers") and sometimes ironically remarked on this or that article: “Great journalist! He writes well. It’s just a pity that he’s a complete ignoramus at football.”.
“For a team that wants to play a leading role, innovation is an absolute must.”
The idea of football for the then fan was a colorful theater, where the main thing was not the director, but the actors. The role of the coach was only gaining its current weight. In the early 60s in Kyiv they went to see "on Lobana"- his "dry sheets", flying into the goal directly from corner kicks, and spectacular dribbling along the left forward's groove. Maslov mercilessly broke this picture of the world. He put the public's favorite on the bench, and then completely expelled him along with Bazilevich, Kanevsky and the European champion ( sic!) Voinov. “Understand, I need a fighter on the flank!”, - he will not stand in response to another question, why the technician Lobanovsky plays for the Olympic team, but does not make it into the Dynamo team.
Maslov did not stand on ceremony with players who did not want to meet his demands. “You cannot demand from a football player that, he said, which he is unable to accomplish. It is necessary either to adapt the innovation so that the player’s talent is the best way used, or look for another performer, which is what we do at Dynamo Kiev. This is not a recipe, but a principle.". Past merits for him were empty space. “A player for tactics, not tactics for players,” honored coach Lobanovsky will formulate twenty years later, admitting that “Grandfather” was right. A similar story will happen to József Szabo: Maslov, an attacking midfielder in his late twenties, will ask him to transform into a defensive midfielder. The future coach of Dynamo Kyiv and the Ukrainian national team will not agree with his beloved mentor and will be forced to leave. Of course, he later admits that Maslov’s demand was not so excessive.
The priority for Maslov is expanding the range of actions of his midfielders (in particular, it was necessary to free up the zone for the inclusion of a full-back), balancing the amount of work along the lines, and a mobile structure of the game. Holding the ball was punishable by swearing in the same way as accepting a pass without moving. The truism that the midfield defines the face of a team will begin its journey through time from his lips.
“If a team does not have its own, clearly defined tactical identity, it cannot be considered as a leader. If a team has a game idea, then when preparing for the match, the players, among other things, want to protect this idea.”
When three or four of his players attacked the player in possession of the ball, and his teammates blocked the possible direction of the pass, the spectators groaned with indignation, and journalists contemptuously remarked that we do not need such football; "plowmen, not jewelers", « Wolf Pack» etc– was listed among the derogatory metaphors. This is how they greeted the greatest football invention - pressing.
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From 1966 to 1968, Kyiv was invincible - three championships and two cups. Celtic, winners of the European Cup, beat Celtic with the fewest goals conceded. Comparing Maslov’s two championship teams – Torpedo 1960 and Kiev 1965 – the already mentioned Lev Filatov wrote: “Torpedo” is airy, sailing, elegant, but at the same time traditional. "Dynamo Kyiv is no longer a sailing ship, but an armored cruiser".
“Do you have a secret? Please! It lies in our daily painstaking work, difficult work. Day after day, month after month, year after year. Like a ballerina at the barre: one-two, one-two. And tomorrow the same thing again. You just have time to change clothes...”
According to the players who played under Maslov, his outward aggressive detachment was deceptive. In the circle of close people, he was transformed: kind eyes, with a twinkle, peeked out from under his eyebrows, and his face broke into a sly smile. Oleg Blokhin, who played for Maslov, being very young and just a promising understudy, recalled with a special mood the tradition of pre-match tea parties. He treated the players as equals, without distancing himself (like Lobanovsky or Morozov). Blokhin emphasizes in his autobiography that the outcome of the match and the performance demonstrated by the team depended on how the tea parties themselves went.
It is worth noting with a smile that Maslovsky team-building was not limited to other types of tea parties - round tables or “creative evenings,” as joker Viktor “Serebro” Serebryanikov called them, when they no longer drank tea, also happened. Here Maslov had two rules. Firstly, only cognac, and secondly, if it aggravates, then be ready to practice on your own - get rid of excesses, as Kyiv veterans said. “The green rectangle will tell me who was walking and where”, Maslov threatened during the warm-up after the day off.
The level of trust – almost familial – was evident on the field. An unprecedented case when a team refused a substitution made by a coach right during a game occurred in Maslov’s coaching practice twice (!) and in two different championship teams. And this did not at all indicate her obstinacy and uncontrollability. The players sent the message “Everything is under control. Now we’ll finish it,” and Maslov took it for granted - without offense or hurt pride. In both cases the team won. Eduard Streltsov described an example of the relationship between a coach and football players in moments of turmoil like this: “Maslov was involuntarily angry with us, we, in turn, were offended because such a loved one was angry with us.”.
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It is surprising and at the same time significant that Maslov was never offered the role of national team coach. The role, which required a certain amount of diplomacy and resourcefulness, did not fit in with his bearish delicacy. It seems that it was organically incompatible with the situation when it was necessary to give guarantees of the result or avoid answering with a streamlined, meaningless phrase.
“Are you trying to turn me into an idiot?!” Do you know what our team will look like in two months? And do you also know how your opponents will behave? So, unlike you, I don’t know all this, and I don’t intend to play verbal tricks. Look for someone else - a master of conversation!
Maslov’s story is also textbook in that it once again confirms that coaching work cannot be assessed objectively. In a conversation about football, in fact, there can be no objectivity, and often one or another position is argued from the point of view of a personal attitude. When the Kievans dropped to seventh place in 1970, Maslov would be remembered for everything from Lobanovsky to zone defense (the well-known journalist Galinsky, including for his pro-Moscow views, would even note that after the victory over Celtic Maslov changed, almost became an imaginary myself as a coach, although I used to listen and consult with the team). Perhaps, as is usually the case, there is some truth in each version of what happened. Be that as it may, in 1970, the football players of Dynamo Kyiv saw the tears of “Grandfather” for the first time.
Viktor Serebryanikov: “Maslov was the kind of coach under whom football players blossomed like flowers...”
He will leave for good in 1977. Before that, he will return to his native Torpedo for the third time and lead Ararat, winning the national Cup with these teams. About the new wave of trainers Maslov will say: “They do the same thing as me. I checked, but I don’t know their terms.”.
Honored Coach of the USSR, Honored Coach of the Ukrainian SSR, four-time champion of the USSR, six-time winner of the USSR Cup, Honored Worker of Culture of the Ukrainian SSR
Viktor Aleksandrovich Maslov is a completely extraordinary personality, one of the brightest and most talented representatives national school football coaches. The heyday of his coaching talent came in the 1960s, a decade in which he created two brilliant ensembles, as brilliant as Arkadyev’s “team of lieutenants” in his time. But the skill of coach Maslov is measured not only by the championship titles and cups won by his teams. The two main monuments to him in the country's football are playing with four midfielders and zone defence.
In 1924, in Moscow, at the Proletarskaya Kuznitsa workers' club, which united the youth of the Dynamo, Parostroy and AMO (future ZIS) factories, a physical education club with sections for athletics, towns and football arose. In that glorious club, the sports biography of the 17-year-old working boy Viktor Maslov, who graduated from a factory school and worked at AMO, began. He played in the third football team of Proletarskaya Kuznitsa. In 1927, the team took 1st place in the club standings, won a transition match against the Astakhov Workers' Club and entered the first group of the capital's championship. At that time this was regarded as a very great achievement. In 1930, the youth of the automobile plant created their own team, one of the organizers and inspirers of which was Viktor Maslov. Having completed special courses for sports instructors by that time, Maslov acted as a playing coach for a year and did a lot to unite the team and establish its traditions. As a player, he was physically strong, had a good feel for the game, and tried to make sharp, targeted passes. For ten years, he was invariably in the midfield line of the team, whose name changed almost every year: RDPC, AMO, ZIS and, finally, Torpedo. Together with Torpedo, Victor played in class “B” for three seasons, and together with her in 1938 he entered the major league. In the year of their debut in the major league, the Torpedo players had a good first match, sensationally beat Moscow Spartak (3:2), defeated Dynamo Kiev with a score of 5:1, and tied with Dynamo Tbilisi (3:3) and Leningrad (0 :0). Following the results of that memorable season, Viktor Maslov was included in the list of the best football players in the country. For several years he was the captain of Torpedo and in this capacity, together with the team, in 1938 he traveled to France for a tournament of workers’ teams, in which the Moscow automakers won and won the Cup of the French Sports Union of Workers (FSWT). Viktor Aleksandrovich Maslov was not such a notable player as Beskov, Yakushin, Nikolaev, Simonyan or Lobanovsky. But just like them, he became a great coach, with his own special view of the game and players.
In 1942, having finished playing in his native Torpedo, Viktor Aleksandrovich could not part with football. Football became his life's work. Working at the plant (mechanic of the technical control department, deputy head of the quality control department), he first began “part-time” to train a team of craftsmen, and since 1945 he devoted himself entirely to football pedagogy.
Maslov taught his students uncompromising struggle, courage, and the ability not to flinch before anyone’s authority. And he also taught them... to dream. In 1945, when the car manufacturers climbed to the third step of the all-Union podium, losing only to two of their own famous fellow countrymen- “Dynamo” and CDKA, Viktor Aleksandrovich wrote in the factory newspaper: “Our plant has a good labor reputation. And at the time she should have sporting glory. I believe that the time will come and we will be able to create a team of such power that it will be able to handle any climb. Making this dream come true will require a lot of time and effort. And yet I believe: it is real!
Over the next four seasons, the car manufacturers headed by him never fell below 5th place in the USSR championship standings. At that time, experts called the team of the automobile plant “the thunderstorm of champions.”
In 1946, the automakers played in the quarterfinals of the USSR Cup against the Cup winner, the national champion, the invincible CDKA team. Their enthusiasm, coupled with skill, brought a sensational result: 4:0 in favor of the working team. As a result, the Moscow CDKA dropped out of the fight. Torpedo player Alexander Ponomarev was recognized as the best scorer in the USSR Championship - 18 goals in 21 matches.
But not everything and not always went smoothly in the fate of Viktor Alexandrovich. In 1949, he had to leave his native club and go to Gorky’s Torpedo to coach the local team.
From 1951 to 1953 he was again on the captain's bridge of the Torpedo. During this period, the car manufacturers rose in the standings from 12th place (1951) to 3rd (1953) and were awarded bronze medals.
In 1952, Viktor Maslov won his first coaching trophy - the USSR Cup. In the final match, Torpedo beat Spartak Moscow with a score of 1:0. Working at Torpedo was not easy - Maslov’s desire to update the team and attract young players did not find understanding among the management of the car plant. Maslov had to leave again.
Such zigzags of fate could break anyone. But Viktor Alexandrovich was a man of iron will and boundless devotion. Having left - through no fault of his own - his native club in 1953, he accepted the offer to head the Moscow City Youth Football School. He decided to create his dream team: to raise a whole generation of like-minded football players, virtuoso football players. Put your ideas and your attitude towards the game into them. Prepare a decent football team.
Several years passed, and Viktor Aleksandrovich was again invited to the post of senior coach of the Moscow Torpedo masters team. He agreed willingly, not remembering old grievances, all directed towards the future. After all, coaching careers, although they last for decades, are intermittent - sometimes favored, sometimes disgraced. Times have changed, now the coach has been given the opportunity to work calmly. Maslov began building the new Torpedo, slowly, thoroughly, with a long-term perspective. The team already had a superbly played duo of forwards - Valentin Ivanov and Eduard Streltsov, as well as Nikolai Senyukov. Very young football players, still unknown to anyone, appeared next to them. Already in 1957, Viktor Maslov’s “Torpedo” won silver medals for the first time in its history. In 1958, the team reached the final of the USSR Cup.
The year 1958 arrived. Soviet football has reached a qualitatively new level: the country's national team took part in the final part of the World Cup for the first time. The debut turned out to be generally successful: playing in the strongest subgroup along with England, Brazil, and Austria, the team reached the quarterfinals.
Nobody then paid attention to the brightness and excitement of the events taking place on the main stage. special attention due to the fact that for the first time in the competition of reserve squads of major league masters, the Moscow Torpedo team became the champion. And they scored almost twice as many goals against their opponents as the main team players.
Everyone whom Viktor Maslov called under the banner of Torpedo, into its second echelon, was just beginning their biography in big football. The boys whom he raised in the FSM and in the club grew up, he cooked every day, instilling in them modern technology, a single view of the game and his own, Maslov’s, attitude towards sports, towards the factory, towards life. Maslov knew their characters and habits, desires and capabilities, just as they know their own children. Yes, they were, in essence, his children! O. Sergeev came to him for training at the age of 14. V. Shustikov - at fifteen, A. Medakin, G. Gusarov, V. Voronin, N. Manoshin, N. Pozuelo - at a little over fifteen. Viktor Aleksandrovich taught them and dreamed that he would someday create a real football “miracle” with these kids.
As a great specialist and a wise man, he clearly represented the main trends in the development of world football. The 1958 championship, where the “Brazilian constellation” won, only strengthened his deep passion for performing skills.
“Football has many faces,” he wrote in one of his articles dating back to that period. “But the tactics and strategy of the game, its highest meaning, its collective spirit cannot be understood or mastered without mastering the main and decisive skill - performing skills.”
Viktor Maslov managed to solve the problem of polishing individual skills brilliantly. In fabulous short term His yesterday's boys grew into world-famous masters of the green field: Valery Voronin, Nikolai Manoshin, Slava Metreveli, Valentin Ivanov, Gennady Gusarov, Boris Batanov, Viktor Shustikov and their comrades.
Giving priority to technique, Maslov meant by it the ability of each football player to perform various and diverse techniques and movements and adapt to the most different conditions. For example, he persistently taught football players the art of controlling running speed, seeing the field, determining distance and much more. Upon returning to the team as head and senior coach, he introduced mandatory twice-a-day self-training sessions, during which the player was required to work individually with the ball. At the same time, everyone was required to improve those techniques and elements in which he was unsure or frankly weak. The player’s personality should always be the focus of the teacher’s attention, the subject of his constant concern.
The year 1960 came, a very significant one for Soviet football and finest hour for Torpedo and its coach. The USSR national team won the European Cup that year (later this competition acquired the rank of a championship). Many of the strongest players from various clubs were also part of the country's Olympic team. In that “golden” year, Maslov turned 50 years old, and he worked with Torpedo... for the fifth time. Before the start of the season, in one of the interviews for Soviet press, answering a question about the goals that the team sets for itself, head coach of Moscow Torpedo Maslov said: “We want to enter the final six.” He clearly understood that his “boys” were ready to storm the most significant heights.
During the preparatory period, the senior coach paid special attention to physical training, without which, of course, it is impossible to fulfill the diverse requirements that the game makes of participants. At the same time, Viktor Aleksandrovich proceeded from the fact that the effectiveness of general physical training should be manifested in improved ball play and more appropriate behavior on the field. This is where his main methodological rule: The athlete must constantly feel the connection between training and the game.
At the same time, he persistently looked for ways to improve the individual physical qualities of each of his charges. There were still severe January frosts in Moscow, and the torpedo bombers were already surprising with the breadth and volume of the loads applied. Every two weeks, the head coach arranged exams on general physical fitness, a kind of team sports competitions. It was in the winter and spring of 1960 that Valery Voronin became the champion in gymnastics among the Torpedo athletes, and Leonid Ostrovsky and Slava Metreveli shared the glory of being the best high jumpers, having cleared the bar at 165 centimeters. Viktor Aleksandrovich was proud that seven torpedo men ran the “hundredth” with a result of about 11.2-11.5 seconds.
To replace the players who left for the Olympic team, Maslov selected thoughtful replacements. It was in those days that Boris Batanov appeared in the main lineup. In the student of the Young Pioneers Stadium, Viktor Alexandrovich was the first to notice great opportunities forward, his exceptional usefulness for the team. Batanov organically fit into the team and immediately showed himself as a performer of great combinational talent, a controller of a wide range.
One of the most remarkable coaching discoveries of Viktor Maslov at that time was the “invention” of the pair of midfielders Valery Voronin - Nikolai Manoshin. The keen eye of the coach, his inner instinct determined the ideal psychological compatibility of these masters, the adequacy of their tactical thinking, physical capabilities, attitude to the game. And they both actually did a huge amount of work on the team in supporting the defense and organizing the offense.
It was with this couple, with setting new tasks for young forwards such as Valentin Ivanov, Gennady Gusarov, Yuri Falin, Boris Batanov, that Viktor Alexandrovich connected his creative plans to modernize the team’s game. The head coach aimed all of them at a deeply creative mastery of modern tactical principles of building a game.
The 1959 season, the first year after the next World Cup, which gave football the “Brazilian system,” was marked by a sharp loss of performance in the domestic domestic championship. There wasn't much of a secret to it. Many coaches, and along with them the players, perceived the 4+2+4 formula proclaimed on the green fields of Sweden as unshakable and purely defensive.
Maslov was at that time one of the few in the cohort of Soviet coaches who categorically disagreed with either the interpretation of the Brazilian system as a defensive system or the assessment current moment. He saw very well that the new world champions did not even think of devoting their invention to the ideas of blind defense. Viktor Aleksandrovich was one of the first in domestic football to understand the mobility of the 4+2+4 formula and the inexhaustible opportunities for showing initiative, bold, unexpected independent decisions which she reveals to football players and coaches.
Creation! Viktor Alexandrovich always gave him special meaning. He instilled in his students the spirit of high culture, independence, constant search, thirst for struggle and victory. With work and intelligence, he created a team that was supposed to surprise people with the novelty and brightness of the design of its game, to surprise people with its character.
By the end of the first round, everyone was talking about the Torpedo team: fans, players, coaches, and the press. The characteristic actions of the team in attack attracted attention - the constant movement of the attackers, entering free space, offering themselves, the constant development of the attack from the depths of the defense. The Avtozavodsk team had not yet completely switched to playing with four defenders (most likely because they did not have a worthy player in this role), but they were practically already close to this scheme. In fact, at the moment of the opponent’s attack, the active midfielder V. Voronin always occupied the front stopper zone, V. Shustikov joined in as insurance, and V. Voronin’s functions in the middle line were immediately taken over by B. Batanov or Yu. Falin.
When going on the offensive, the torpedo spring immediately straightened, the forwards rushed forward, they were constantly, actively, on high speeds mid-line players supported. Such a flexible, agile scheme of actions, developed by Maslov, brought the team success after success. It was based on the high personal skill of the players - technical and tactical - and the combined method of defense used by the team with constant success (the car manufacturers, at the decisive insistence of Viktor Maslov, abandoned the principle of personal guarding). Maslov was a categorical opponent of personal guardianship.
In the weekly “Football” for 1961, he wrote: “The main vice of personal care, from my point of view, is that it not only does not educate, but simply suppresses gaming creativity, depriving the football player of the joy of the game.” What did the coach offer in return? “Zone defense, while requiring a higher level of collectivism in the game, also requires higher individual skill, and from this point of view it opens up space for the player to flourish his talent.” This, it turns out, was the main thing in coach Maslov’s work - to open up space for the flowering of a football player’s talent. Maybe that’s why all his teams were truly talented and only then strong?
At the decisive stage of the USSR championship, the right to argue for gold medals in 1960 was given to four Moscow clubs - Torpedo, Lokomotiv, Dynamo, CSKA, as well as Dynamo Kyiv and CSKA Rostov-on-Don.
And here is the first match of the final. 1959 USSR champion Dynamo (Moscow) and Torpedo. August 23, 1960. It rained all day - annoying, unsummer cold, but the stands of the stadium in Luzhniki were filled. “Torpedo” won – 1:0.
Having started the final successfully, the torpedo men confidently moved forward. And with each match played, the team gained an increasing number of fans. Not only thanks to his victories, but also to a greater extent thanks to the quality of his game. Torpedo players were applauded for their beautiful and smart passes, for their graceful manner of movement, for the filigree execution of the most complex technical techniques. And all this beautiful and complex stuff was taught to my dear boys of yesterday by their mentor, Viktor Aleksandrovich Maslov. “Grandfather” - with this nickname he entered football folklore. In terms of age, he was in no way fit to be the grandfather of his players. main reason The nickname was due to his colossal wisdom, humanity and kindness.
On October 16, 1960, having defeated the local Dynamo team in Kyiv on their field, the Moscow automakers won the title of national champion for the first time in the history of their club. And less than a month later, they added to this success by winning the USSR Cup, becoming the fourth team in the history of domestic football to achieve the golden double. Viktor Aleksandrovich Maslov led Torpedo to this great creative victory.
Having accepted the Torpedo team, the coach erected the building thoroughly, with the expectation of long years. And in each of the subsequent successes of the automakers, in the entire appearance after 1960, a particle of Maslov’s soul, Maslov’s handwriting, the Maslov’s school, was always discernible.
His creative work as a coach was distinguished by constant attention to the individual, to the individual player, and loving and painstaking work to cultivate top-class masters. It was during the time of Viktor Aleksandrovich’s work at Torpedo that Valery Voronin, Nikolai Manoshin, Viktor Shustikov, Gennady Gusarov, Alexander Medakin, Leonid Ostrovsky came from this club to the national team, and it was under him that Valentin Ivanov and Slava Metreveli revealed their talent even more clearly and comprehensively .
At the end of the season, ten torpedo players were included in the traditional list of “33 best” that year: S. Metreveli (No. 1), V. Ivanov (No. 1), A. Medakin (No. 2), V. Shustikov (No. 2) , L. Ostrovsky (No. 2), V. Voronin (No. 2), N. Manoshin (No. 2), G. Gusarov (No. 2), B. Batanov (No. 2), O. Sergeev (No. 3).
At that time (as in all subsequent years), Viktor Alexandrovich showed an enviable desire for innovation, for advanced methods of playing the game. In 1960, the obsolete “double-ve” system continued to exist in domestic football, preserving citizenship rights. The Torpedo men were among the first, or rather, the very first, to abandon such a system. In a number of games of the season, they tried options with four defenders and four attackers, and in the match against Dynamo Kiev on October 16, they used a completely new formation, which later firmly became part of the tactical arsenal of domestic football - 4+4+3.
Extremely refined technique, deeply meaningful maneuver, strong, well-established connections in the lines, high offensive spirit and effectiveness, giving the viewer great aesthetic pleasure - this is the appearance of the team created by Viktor Maslov.
In one of the most best books about football and football players - “Stars of Big Football” N.P. Starostin wrote during Maslov’s lifetime, when he worked at Dynamo Kiev: “He should be greeted with special respect not only because he took the championship and the Cup from Torpedo in 1960, but also because he convincingly and brilliantly beat the Moscow teams, clearly teaching the minds of the young galaxy of capital coaches. Soviet football would like more such Victors!”
Having elevated the Moscow Torpedo to the highest step of the podium, Viktor Aleksandrovich was forced to leave the team a year later. In 1961, Torpedo failed to repeat last year’s “golden” success - the Torpedo team ended up second in both tournaments. This was enough for the ZIL management to fire Viktor Maslov, and the following year the amazingly well-played Torpedo ensemble broke up - many players went to other clubs. Then the team had to be re-created by another coach.
V.A. Maslov went south, to Rostov sport Club Army, and in one season raised this team from 9th (1962) to 4th (1963) place in the major league. And then, having received a personal invitation, he headed the Dynamo Kyiv team.
Viktor Aleksandrovich willingly accepted the Dynamo team, created by Honored Master of Sports V.D. Solovyov, who three years earlier led the people of Kiev to the first gold championship medals in their lives.
Maslov always relied entirely on intuition; he saw football not so much in the movement of his legs, but in the movement of his thoughts. For him, she was faster than any high-speed jerks, faster than even the flight of the ball - she was for him the main thing, without which the game would never work out, no matter what stars of the first magnitude the team was stuffed with. It is no coincidence that it was in his team – perhaps for the first time in domestic football – that “ freelancer" Maslov liked to repeat: “If you don’t come up with anything new in the next championship, consider the year wasted.” It was this thought that led Viktor Aleksandrovich to the 4+4+2 tactical formation, which everyone began to admire a year or two later, watching the game between the England and West Germany teams at the 1966 World Cup. Analyzing the game of Dynamo Kyiv in those years, Boris Andreevich Arkadyev remarked: “What did Maslov do? He has saturated the middle of the field with players, reduced communications, and his defense is left with a battered opponent.”
In the first year of his work with Dynamo, the new coach focused his main efforts on the cup tournament. On the way to the trophy, Dynamo first defeated two Neftyaniki (Fergana and Baku), then beat Yaroslavl Shinnik. The most important thing happened in the semi-finals, where the Dynamo team was awaited by Spartak Moscow, which had previously repeatedly blocked the Kiev team's path to the cup. The game, which took place in Moscow, ended in a 0:0 draw, and extra time did not bring any results. In a dramatic replay, Dynamo turned out to be stronger (with a score of 3:2), and the goal scored by Oleg Bazilevich against Spartak was recognized as the best goal of the season and was awarded a special prize. After this match, the final against the Krylia Sovetov team from Kuibyshev was a matter of technique for Dynamo. And although the only goal from Viktor Kanevsky brought victory to the Kyivians, there was no doubt about Dynamo’s advantage. Against this background, a modest 6th place in the USSR Championship with a record number of draws (16) was no longer considered a failure. The trophy obtained in the first year of work provided Viktor Maslov with the opportunity to calmly work on updating the team.
Already in the spring of 1964, the defense consisting of V. Shchegolkov, V. Sosnikhin, S. Krulikovsky and L. Ostrovsky began to play the so-called “zone”, abandoning the personal guardianship of the opposing attackers. In midfield, striker F. Medvid increasingly began to join V. Turyanchik and J. Szabo. E. Rudakov began to appear at the gate. The most problems arose with the forwards. Three star strikers - V. Lobanovsky, O. Bazilevich and V. Kanevsky - who were in the prime of their strength and popularity, did not fit the “Maslov model”. V. Lobanovsky was the first to be sent to the reserve, and a year later he was followed by O. Bazilevich and V. Kanevsky. Instead, A. Puzach and V. Khmelnitsky came, and Dynamo Kiev was the first in the USSR to start playing first with three and then with four midfielders.
At that time this was an extraordinary innovation. Soviet teams did not play in international cup tournaments, and they knew about what was happening abroad only from the press. Therefore, the game according to the “Maslov system” was seen in the USSR only during the final tournament of the 1966 World Cup, performed by the best national teams on the planet. And only then did they begin to understand that Viktor Maslov at Dynamo Kiev was ahead of his time, being at the level of football thinking best trainers peace.
Dynamo did not achieve the expected and quite logical championship next year, 1965. Having beaten their main competitor, Moscow Torpedo, at home in September, Maslov’s team took 1st place, but an unexpected defeat in Kutaisi dashed Dynamo’s hopes for gold medals. But the people of Kiev were the first Soviet teams to play in European competition.
Having easily defeated Northern Irish Coleraine (6:1 and 4:0) and Norwegian Rosenborg (4:1 and 2:0) in the first two rounds of the Cup Winners' Cup, Dynamo reached the quarterfinals.
The following year was the year of Dynamo's first complete triumph on the all-Union football arena. But it didn't start out so simple. At the beginning of the season, almost half of the team was called up to the national team for almost a month of training to prepare for the 1966 World Cup finals. This meant that Dynamo had to start the new season without all of their leading players. And then there was the defeat in January from the Scottish Celtic in the quarter-finals of the Cup Winners' Cup.
Dynamo started the new championship in 1966 with an impressive series of victories. The absence of V. Bannikov, V. Porkuyan, J. Szabo, L. Ostrovsky and V. Serebryanikov, called up to the USSR national team, did not hinder, but helped the team. The coach was given a rare opportunity to test his young strength. To experience a tactical innovation, which he associated precisely with the emergence of a number of young, capable, recognition-hungry players at the club. E. Rudakov in goal, V. Muntean in midfield and A. Byshovets in attack showed all their talent. After a series of five victories with a total score of 13:1, it became clear that this team in the USSR had no equal. “Dynamo” became the champion six (!) rounds before the end of the championship, and also beat Moscow “Torpedo” in the final of the USSR Cup! In 1966, Dynamo won the largest number of victories in the history of the USSR championships, reaching better difference goals scored and conceded, and were also ahead of their closest pursuer by 12 (!) points, which was also the first time.
The following year, 1967, Dynamo again had no equal. A stable lineup, a well-developed system of play - the opponents had no arguments against this. This year, Viktor Maslov’s team conceded the fewest goals in the entire history of the USSR championships: an average of 0.3 per match. Goalkeepers V. Bannikov and E. Rudakov allowed only 11 goals into their own goal. In 28 matches, Dynamo's gates were locked. Only in 6 matches out of 36 did the opponents manage to score more than one goal against the Kiev team. A record figure was set - for 1423 minutes (almost 16 games), Dynamo did not allow the guests to score a single goal. In addition to matches in the domestic arena, Dynamo was expecting a debut in the Champions Cup, where the first opponent was the same Celtic from Glasgow, which at that time was the winner of the Champions Cup. The first game in Glasgow ended in a sensational victory for the guests 2:1, and in the return match at the packed Kiev stadium there was a draw - 1:1. Having defeated the European club champion and dominated the USSR championship, Dynamo treated their next opponent, the Polish “Gornik” from Zabrze, without due respect, which resulted in an unexpected defeat at home 1:2, which determined the winner of the match after a 1:1 draw in Zabrze.
The next Champions Cup took place without Dynamo: political leadership The USSR banned the team from taking part in the tournament. One can only guess what the team could be capable of, which in 1968 won the USSR championship for the third time in a row, repeating the record of the Moscow CDKA of 1946–1948.
That season, midfielder F. Medvid began to appear on the right flank of defense, which increased the number of defenders. At the same time, V. Turyanchik, who played in the center, performed the role of a defensive midfielder, which was new for that time and now familiar. As in the past two years, each Dynamo defeat, and there were only two, was perceived as a sensation. The “golden” match in the 1968 USSR Championship “Dynamo” played against “Dynamo” Tbilisi. A 0:0 draw again ahead of schedule two rounds before the finish made the Kiev team champions. That year, Dynamo won the most points in the entire history of performances in the USSR championships - 57. Finally, the team coach was also noted. By Decree of the Presidium Supreme Council USSR for the successes achieved in the development of the Soviet physical culture movement, Viktor Aleksandrovich Maslov was awarded the order Red Banner of Labor.
There were no signs of problems in the next year, 1969. Dynamo confidently walked towards its fourth consecutive championship in the tournament, which consisted of two stages. After the completion of the matches in the subgroup, Dynamo were in 1st place, but according to the then regulations, points scored in matches with teams that did not enter the final tournament were not counted. Therefore, in the final, Dynamo started second after Moscow Spartak. There was a chance to beat their opponent at the end of the championship, but the guests won the extremely important match with Spartak in Kyiv, which took place with the full advantage of Dynamo, 1:0. Even then it was felt that for most of Dynamo’s leading players best years are a thing of the past.
Play stable high level in the championship, European cups and in the USSR national team they no longer had the strength. Realizing this, Viktor Maslov began to attract new players to the team. But young and promising defenders Denezh, Bilous, Goroza, Kravchuk and Zuev, midfielders Zelensky and Mukomelov, forwards Kashchei, Veremeev, Bogovik, Semenov were not yet ready to replace the leading players. And young Blokhin, who entered the field in last game championship, which no longer decided anything, no one paid attention then.
The relative failure of second place revealed a number of problems that had accumulated in the team over the years of continuous success. Next year, 1970, Dynamo various reasons V. Bannikov, J. Szabo, V. Semenov and S. Krulikovsky left. The only newcomer was D. Onishchenko, an outstanding forward in the future. The Dynamo players also played not very well as part of the USSR national team at the World Championships in Mexico, as it looked in those days. It was after the return of the national team members, who were morally and physically devastated, but continued to enjoy Maslov’s trust, that the crisis in Dynamo became obvious. The team that had been on the rise for six seasons no longer existed, and no one was going to give Viktor Maslov the time to create a new one. Seventh place in the championship was perceived as a complete failure. In such a situation, Maslov needed a break, but “Grandfather” was not given it. And the worst thing is, they didn’t even say “thank you” for everything he did for Kyiv.
The decision made at the top that he was no longer the coach of Dynamo Kyiv was announced to Maslov by the deputy of the Ukrainian Sports Committee Mizyak, who had nothing to do with football. This happened at the Rossiya Hotel, where the team that came to Moscow for the game with CSKA was staying. “Maslov no longer gave instructions for the match with CSKA (ingloriously lost by the Kiev team), but watched the team’s game from the stands. And then I got on the bus and rode with the team, which was flying to Kyiv from Vnukovo, to the Yugo-Zapadnaya metro station,” recalled the honored coach of the Ukrainian SSR M. Koman, sighing heavily. – When he came out and waved goodbye to the players, it was painful to look at “Grandfather.” I would never have believed that such a block as Maslov could cry in front of other people if I had not seen it with my own eyes.”
After a ten-year break, Maslov returned to his Torpedo with a reputation as an all-powerful coach, a kind of celestial being. All that remains of the brilliance of the Torpedo team’s performance in 1960 are memories. She took 6th place in the table. Many believed that the “great” Maslov would immediately raise the torpedo men to their former heights. The same assumption was personally expressed to “Grandfather” by Lev Filatov, who at that time was the editor-in-chief of the weekly “Football - Hockey”. Viktor Alexandrovich, according to his recollection, just waved his hands at him: “What are you talking about! There are no miracles. I conducted two training sessions and became convinced that the players’ abilities were average, everyone needed to be taught again, and I don’t know how long this would last...” And so it happened. And again Maslov started a restructuring of the team, designed to last more than one year. But the then football functionaries did not want to wait for results for several years.
Maslov’s last club was Ararat, where he ended up on the recommendation of Nikita Simonyan. With this team he won the USSR Cup in 1975.
According to the recollections of people who knew him well, Maslov, at the first acquaintance, could give the impression of a rude, unceremonious person. He could cut off an unfamiliar or unsympathetic interlocutor mid-sentence. He could “seal” it with a strong Russian word and wave his hand dismissively. Usually this treatment was given to people who did not have the patience to try to understand his impulsive, often really confused manner of speech. This is probably why he did not favor sports and other officials so much. But before people who were patient and attentive, he revealed himself as most interesting conversationalist, ready to spend hours explaining and proving his opinion.
V.A. Maslov was a practitioner to the core. He was distinguished by a constant thirst for something new, he knew how to get ahead of his time and sought to immediately implement all his ideas on the field. Viktor Aleksandrovich discovered the idea of total football, where everything is directed forward and everything is dedicated to victory, and left behind a rich legacy that was to be further developed by those who followed him...
Since 1983, the prize in memory of V.A. Maslova among youth teams. He is the author of many scientific articles about football in the magazine "Football - Hockey".
Honored Trainer of the USSR (1960), Honored Trainer of Ukraine (1966), Master of Sports. Champion of the USSR (1960, 1966, 1967, 1968), winner of the USSR Cup (1952, 1960, 1964, 1966, 1972, 1975), second prize-winner of the USSR championships (1957, 1961, 1965, 1969), third prize-winner of the USSR championships (1945, 1953), finalist of the USSR Cup (1958, 1961), second prize-winner of the Moscow championship (1934 (o), 1935 (o)), third prize-winner (1934-c), winner of the All-Union Trade Union Spartakiad (1932), winner of the World Labor Spartakiad in France (1938).
He played for Torpedo in 1930 - 1940 (RDPK - 1930, AMO - 1931-1932, ZIS - 1933 - 1935). In the USSR championships - 66 games, 1 goal. The most respected football player of the pre-war Torpedo. Team captain in 1938 - 1939. In 1938 - number five in the list of the best players of the season.
Head coach: Torpedo (Moscow) – 1942–August 1945, 1946–July 1948, 1952–August 1953, 1957–1961, 1971–August 1973, Torpedo (Gorky) – 1949–1951, SKA (Rostov) – 1962 –1963, “Dynamo” (Kyiv) – 1964–1970, “Ararat” (Yerevan) –1975. Senior coach of the FMS (Moscow) 1954–October 1956. Coach of the USSR Armed Forces team - champion of the Friendly Armies (Vietnam - 1963).
Awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor, the medal “For Valiant Labor in the Great Patriotic War 1941–1945.” Among the various honorary awards is a personalized watch from I.A. Likhacheva.
