Marine Corps is a type of troops designed to conduct combat operations consisting of the fight for coastlines enemy. The list of responsibilities includes the defense of naval bases and islands. These military formations have their own professional holiday, which is celebrated on November 27. These are highly mobile troops who have more than once had to steadfastly and courageously carry out the most difficult tasks. combat missions, and they have existed for several centuries.
history of the holiday
This holiday was approved by the Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Navy in 1995. Professional celebrations for the Marines appeared not so long ago, but this branch of the military has a long history. The first documented case of an amphibious landing was in 1698. Peter I approved new method conduct of hostilities, and therefore the sovereign ordered the creation of the first “regiment” in 1705 naval soldier" Sailors were taken as the basis Baltic Fleet. After that, the Marines took part in all wars. During its existence, the Marine Corps has undergone reorganization more than once.
The most bloody battle For these troops it was the defense of Sevastopol during the Second World War, during which the soldiers who terrified the Germans received the nickname “Black Death” from them. After the breakup Soviet Union Marines took part in the fighting in the North Caucasus. This branch of the military is developing and now Marines are serving in the Mediterranean Sea and other places globe.
Today, the Marine Corps, as a branch of the coastal troops of the Navy of the Russian Armed Forces, is used to conduct combat operations as part of amphibious assault forces. Moreover, as together with ground forces, and independently. Also in tasks Marine Corps includes coastal defense (naval bases, ports and other facilities).
The origins of the marine corps in Russia began in 1668, when a team of archers was included in the crew of the ship "Eagle", along with sailors and artillerymen. The tasks of this team were reflected in the “34 Articles of Articulation” (the naval regulations of that time) as “to capture enemy ships in boarding combat.”
In 1705, Peter the Great issued a decree on the creation of the first marine regiment.
Marine Corps Day in Russia is celebrated in accordance with the order of the Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Navy dated November 19, 1995 in memory of the decree of Peter I on the creation of the first “regiment of naval soldiers” in Russia, which was issued after the battle with the Swedes on November 27, 1705. This date is considered the birthday of the regular Russian Marine Corps.
Interesting Facts from the history of the Marine Corps
To ensure Russia's access to the shores of the Baltic in 1700-1703, first of all, it was necessary to oust the Swedes from Lakes Ladoga and Lake Peipsi. To implement such a bold plan, they decided to involve Don Cossacks who had experience in battles on rowing and sailing ships on rivers and the sea. However, the Cossacks in right time did not arrive, and all major military activities had to be carried out by Peter’s infantry regiments. The regiments of Tyrtov, Tybukhin, Ostrovsky coped with the task perfectly - after a series of brutal boarding battles, the Swedes were partially destroyed, and the rest were forced out of these waters. The path to the mouth of the Neva was clear...
These events showed that in Russia there was a need to create a new type of troops - naval soldiers.
On November 16 (11/27 - new style), 1705, Peter I issued a decree on the creation of a naval regiment, which marked the beginning of the organization of a regular marine corps Russian fleet. The first marine regiment formed in the Baltic Fleet consisted of two battalions of five companies each. The regiment consisted of 45 officers, 70 non-commissioned officers and 1,250 privates. The Marines were armed with guns with baguettes (a prototype of a bayonet) and edged weapons (cleavers, sabers). IN Northern War Marines were widely used in naval battles and landings. In 1712, instead of a regiment, five battalions of 22 officers were formed, with up to 660 privates and non-commissioned officers in each. Three battalions were included in the naval squadrons, one in the galley squadron, and one carried out guard duty at the bases.
Since 1804, companies of naval regiments began to depart on ships from Kronstadt to the Mediterranean Sea to the location of D. N. Senyavin. By the end of 1806, D. N. Senyavin’s squadron included ten companies of naval regiments, and on November 10, 1806, they formed the 2nd Naval Regiment, whose chief was the commander of the 2nd Naval Regiment, Boisel. The two battalions of the 2nd Marine Regiment that remained in Kronstadt were attached, one to the 1st Marine Regiment, the other to the 3rd. 4th Naval Regiment during 1811-1813. remained on the ships of the Black Sea Fleet and until March 1813 participated in all its military operations. For all types of allowances, the naval regiments were under the jurisdiction of the fleet.
Soon the 25th division was formed in Abo, which became part of the corps intended to assist the Swedes. Then the naval regiments went to St. Petersburg and allocated their second battalions to form new infantry regiments - the 9th, 10th, 11th and others.
In September 1812, the 1st Marine Regiment with the second detachment formed people's militia, left for Wittgenstein's army, and in 1813-1814. participated in its composition in the fighting on the Dvina near Danzig. The 2nd Naval Regiment was also in the active army, and the 3rd Naval Regiment during Patriotic War 1812 was part of the garrison of St. Petersburg.
In 1810, the Marine Guards crew was formed, which had dual subordination - to the fleet and Guards Corps in St. Petersburg. This crew, together with the army, fought through the entire war of 1812-1814. And, ironically, the first Russian flag raised over Paris in 1814 was the naval flag - St. Andrew's.
In addition, the Black Sea Fleet was sent to the front in Chichagov’s army, and the 75th ship’s crew also reached Paris.
In subsequent decades, it should be noted the participation of sailors in Russian-Turkish war 1877-1878 The Marine Guards crew took part in it as part of the Danube Flotilla. And when the Russian army approached Constantinople, standing in Adrianople, as in Paris in 1814, the Russian naval St. Andrew's flag was the first to be raised over the city.
During the First World War, a number of marine units began to be formed in the Russian fleet - the Baltic and the Black Sea - - brigades, regiments, individual companies and teams. On land front part of the Naval Guards crew was sent and the position of Chief Commander of all naval commands in the army and at the front was established.
By the end of March 1917, despite all the difficulties, the formation of the Black Sea Naval Division was completed. However, already in May 1917, the landing on the Bosphorus had to be postponed due to the lack of persistent elite units needed in large quantities during a landing of this magnitude.
This is brief chronology regular units of the marine corps of the Russian fleet.
The events of the Second World War unfolded for the Marine Corps according to the following scenario. USSR Navy, especially surface ships, practically did not participate in the hostilities of the summer of 1941. The Baltic Fleet found itself bottled up in Leningrad and Kronstadt. The Black Sea Fleet was somewhat more active, but even here ships were often idle in ports due to the threat of air attacks. As a result, many sailors remained idle.
The Soviet Navy traditionally included marine brigades designed to operate on land. In October 1941, 25 new marine brigades were formed, over time their number increased to 35. The marine infantry played a large role in the defense of Leningrad, in 1942 it was actively used in Black Sea coast and even participated in the defense of Moscow. It is known that the Marine Corps acted more efficiently than conventional rifle units, but also suffered significantly higher losses. In addition to brigades, many fleets formed improvised battalions and even smaller units of marines. The Marines conducted several small-scale landing operations, mainly along the Black Sea coast. Bold forays behind enemy lines, by attacking his fortified points, Marine snipers inflicted great damage on the enemy. The Marines showed unprecedented heroism and courage in these battles. Dozens of sailors became true masters of a well-aimed shot. In fifteen days, Marine snipers destroyed 1,050 fascists in battles near Sevastopol...
At the end of the 1950s, the need arose to have modern landing force, because attempts to use even specially trained ground forces units did not lead to positive results. It was necessary to create specialized marine airborne formations. And with the assistance of the Commander-in-Chief of the Navy, Fleet Admiral S.G. Gorshkov, according to the directive of the Ministry of Defense of June 7, 1963 JORG/3/50340, in July of the same year on the basis of the 336th Guards Fleet that took part in the exercises. SMEs from the BVI formed the 336th Bialystok Order of Suvorov and Alexander Nevsky Guards separate regiment Marine Corps (OPMP). The regiment's location is Baltiysk (Kaliningrad region). The first commander is Guards. Colonel P.T.Shapranov.
In November 1979 - on the basis of the directive of the General Staff of the Navy No. 730/1/00741 dated September 3, 1979, the regiments were reorganized into separate brigades(OBrMP). It should be noted that the transfer of a regiment to a brigade actually means a change in status military formation from a tactical unit to a tactical formation. In this case, the battalions included in the brigade become tactical units and are called “separate”.
The total number of the Soviet MP according to 1990 data. in the European part was -7.6 thousand people, and taking into account the five thousandth division of the Pacific Fleet - approx. 12.6 thousand people. (All according to peacetime states.). According to data from other sources, the total number of Soviet marines in Peaceful time was about 15,000 people.
Modern Marine Corps is a branch of the Navy, designed and specially trained to conduct combat operations as part of amphibious assault forces, as well as for the defense of important areas of the coast, naval bases and coastal facilities. Marines in landing operations can act independently when capturing enemy naval bases, ports, islands or individual areas coast. In cases where the main landing forces are ground forces, the marines are landed in the forward detachments to capture the most important points and sections of the coast and ensure the subsequent landing of the main landing forces.
Russian Marine units from the mid-1960s to the present have taken part in combat services and military conflicts in the following places on the globe: Poland, Syria, Lebanon, Israel, 55th point off the coast of Cyprus, Yemen, Iran, Iraq , Afghanistan, India, Sri Lanka, Cuba, Maldives, Seychelles, Egypt, Libya, Ethiopia, Somalia, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Angola, Benin, Congo, Mozambique, Vietnam, Georgia, Abkhazia, Dagestan, Chechnya.
States with coastlines must have a marine corps. Such units are very important for any country. In Russia, marines are distinguished by their invincibility and courage, and are the elite among the armed forces. For supporting morale military, honoring and state support, Marine Corps Day is celebrated.
Story
The history of the holiday begins from the reign of Peter the Great. In 1705, on November 27, the emperor signed a decree that spoke of the creation of a new military special unit - the Marine Corps. The sea infantry did not let the leader down and in 1907, after the victory over the Swedes, Peter the Great made the unit a regiment. Subsequently, this regiment becomes the basis of the fleet on the Baltic Sea.
Repeatedly, the Marines proved their skill and courage. They fought for their homeland with dignity: there were victories in the battle for Borodino, during the First World War, and in the Crimean War they defended the hero city of Sevastopol. Large successful battles were fought during the Great Patriotic War. More than a thousand Germans were killed by Marine soldiers in the Battle of Stalingrad.
In the Soviet post-war period, the marine corps was involved in international operations.
IN modern army Russian marines serve in all fleets:
- Black Sea.
- Caspian
- Baltic
- Severny.
Also on Caspian flotilla has its own marine corps. Every year the equipment for landing soldiers and other types of necessary equipment and guns.
Traditions
Marines Day is celebrated on state level solemnly and pompously. On this day, parades and marches of personnel are held in military units of these troops. Military infantrymen show worked elements.
The command presents awards, memorial signs and orders, and congratulates everyone on the holiday. Festive concerts are held, and loud fireworks are heard in the evening.
On this day, we do not forget about those who passed away while performing their military duty. Wreaths and fresh flowers are laid at the monuments.
By this day, orders for promotions are prepared and titles are awarded.
All military personnel Russian Federation who serve in the Marine Corps have their own professional holiday - Marine Corps Day. This holiday is celebrated annually on November 27th.
History of the Marine Corps Day holiday
On the one side Marine Corps Day quite a young holiday. On the other hand, during the reign of Emperor Peter the Great, a decree was issued on the creation of the first regiment of naval soldiers. It can be said that history of the Marine Corps Day holiday originates from that time. The first regiment of naval soldiers in the history of the Russian Empire was created on November 16, 1705 according to the old style, that is, on November 27 according to the new style. The British were the first to land amphibious assault in 1664. IN Russian army a special command of marines was created from the crew of the ship "Eagle" in 1698. It was after this successful experiment that Peter I decided to create a marine regiment based on the command of the Baltic Fleet. The regiment of naval soldiers at that time numbered 1,365 people, whose task was to conduct boarding combat and ship service. The history of the Marines goes back huge number victories since its inception. On Marine Corps Day, we remember these victories. In all the battles that she fought Russian empire, during the 18th and 19th centuries, was filled with enchanting victories. It is worth remembering at least the capture of the island of Corfu in February 1799. The island of Corfu was one of the strongest fortifications in Europe at that time. During the Patriotic War of 1812, sailors fought alongside ground forces on the Borodino field, and subsequently drove the French all the way to Paris. Remember the heroic struggle of the naval battalions during Crimean War, during the defense of Sevastopol. On the fronts civil war Between 1918 and 1922, about seventy-five thousand sailors took part in the battles. For our country, and for the whole world, the most terrible was the Patriotic War of 1941-1945. Forty brigades of Marines fought during the war. They defended Sevastopol, Odessa, and participated in operations to defend Moscow and Leningrad. Thousands of them perished in the meat grinder near Stalingrad. The Marine Corps participated in the most difficult and dangerous operations at the forefront, together with army units. IN modern Russia memories of Chechen conflict. Sixteen marines were awarded the title of Hero of the Russian Federation for courage and heroism. About five thousand soldiers were awarded orders and medals. Modern Marine Corps decides the most complex tasks, supplied by the high command.
Marine Corps Day today
Celebrate Marine Corps Day from takeaway State flag Russian Federation and the flag of the Battle Banner of the unit. This is followed by a march of the regiment's personnel. Often together with current staff Veterans of the Marine Corps also take part in the parade, marching in a separate column under the battle flag. According to tradition, wreaths are laid at monuments dead soldiers in the performance of his combat duty. They also lay flowers at the war lava memorial of the Black Berets. The parade of marines amazes with its scale and beauty. At the parade ground, you will be amazed by the regiment's orchestra, performing drills with weapons and demonstration performances by a reconnaissance airborne company with weapons. Various events take place directly in Marine units. The Marine Corps is considered one of the best combat units in the Russian army. All branches of the military have deserved respect for the merits and professionalism of the Marine Corps. Additionally, Marines are considered the elite of the Navy. If you have relatives or friends who served in the Marine Corps or are currently in the military, be sure to congratulate them on the holiday. These people guard our peace and peaceful sleep. Happy holiday to all Marines.
Marines of the Russian Navy celebrate their professional holiday on November 27. The ceremonial events will take place in the Pacific, Northern, Baltic and Black Sea Fleet, as well as in two battalions of the Caspian flotilla, separate companies and divisions.
Sea soldiers
Marine Corps Day was officially established by order of the Commander-in-Chief Navy in 1995. But the history of this type of troops began in the second half of the 17th century. It was then that special teams of archers - naval soldiers - were formed as part of the crews of the ships of the flotilla created by order of Ivan the Terrible. And in 1669 the first Russian military sailing ship"Eagle" already had a similar team, there were 35 of them, for boarding operations and guard duty.
During Azov campaigns From the most combat-ready Preobrazhensky and Semenovsky regiments they created the Naval Regiment - a regiment, it consisted of 4254 people. On November 16, 1705, according to the old style, and on November 27, according to the new style, Emperor Peter I issued a decree on the formation of a naval regiment. This day became the birthday of the Russian Marine Corps. The “sea soldiers” are responsible for victories at Gangut and Chesme, the assaults on Izmail and Corfu, and the defense of Port Arthur and Sevastopol.
The Marines fought selflessly during the Great Patriotic War. They pointed at the fascists real horror. The Germans nicknamed the Marines the "Black Death" because of their black peacoats and incredible courage. And even when all the soldiers of the Red Army were dressed in combined arms uniforms, the Marines kept their vests and caps. They went into battle wide open, biting the ribbons of their caps in their teeth.
Marines fought bloody battles on the Hanko Peninsula, on Kola Peninsula, blocking the way fascist troops to Murmansk, Polyarnoye, Kandalaksha. Immortal feats committed by the Marines in the Battle of Moscow, where examples of courage and heroism were shown by seven naval rifle brigades, separate detachment sailors and two companies of cadets maritime schools. Ten marine brigades and dozens of separate naval regiments and battalions took part in the battles for Leningrad, which, under the most difficult conditions, showed miracles of endurance and heroism in defending the city and breaking its blockade.
On a boat and with a parachute
For 73 days and nights, the Marines, together with army units, defended Odessa from enemy divisions. In November 1941, near Sevastopol, a group of five marines led by political instructor Nikolai Filchenkov stood in the way of those breaking through to the city German tanks. At the cost of their lives, they did not allow the tanks to pass. Having tied themselves with grenades, they rushed under the tanks. All five sailors were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. In general, 200 marines were awarded this for courage and heroism high rank, A famous intelligence officer Viktor Leonov, who fought in the Northern Fleet and then created naval reconnaissance and sabotage units Pacific Fleet, twice Hero. The landing personnel of senior lieutenant Konstantin Olshansky, who landed in the port of Nikolaev in March 1944 and completed the task at the cost of their lives, were awarded this high reward fully. By the way, one of the largest landing ships The Russian Navy is named after Konstantin Olshansky.
And today the Marines are an elite military unit, in which each of the sailors considers it a great honor to serve. In service with the Marines - floating Combat vehicles, portable anti-tank and anti-aircraft systems and automatic small arms. Marines land ashore from landing ships and boats, and are landed by ship-based and shore-based helicopters. Sometimes fighters can cross water under their own power - in floating vehicles and armored personnel carriers. Marine units of the Russian Navy are equipped with new D-10 parachutes.
According to Deputy Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Navy, Lieutenant General Oleg Makarevich, in honor of Marine Corps Day, the “black berets” organized holidays, weapons exhibitions, and demonstrated their skills.
