Experiments at home are great way introduce children to the basics of physics and chemistry, and facilitate understanding of complex abstract laws and terms with the help of visual demonstrations. Moreover, to carry them out you do not need to acquire expensive reagents or special equipment. After all, without thinking, we carry out experiments every day at home - from adding slaked soda to dough to connecting batteries to a flashlight. Read on to learn how to conduct interesting experiments easily, simply, and safely.
Does the image of a professor with a glass flask and singed eyebrows immediately come to mind? Don't worry, ours chemical experiments at home are completely safe, interesting and useful. Thanks to them, the child will easily remember what exo- and endothermic reactions are and what the difference is between them.
So let's make hatchable dinosaur eggs that can be used as bath bombs.
For the experience you need:
- small dinosaur figurines;
- baking soda;
- vegetable oil;
- citric acid;
- food coloring or liquid watercolor paints.
- Place ½ cup baking soda in a small bowl and add about ¼ tsp. liquid colors (or dissolve 1-2 drops of food coloring in ¼ teaspoon of water), mix the baking soda with your fingers to create an even color.
- Add 1 tbsp. l. citric acid. Mix dry ingredients thoroughly.
- Add 1 tsp. vegetable oil.
- You should have a crumbly dough that barely sticks together when pressed. If it doesn’t want to stick together at all, then slowly add ¼ tsp. butter until you reach the desired consistency.
- Now take the dinosaur figurine and mold the dough into an egg shape. It will be very fragile at first, so you should set it aside overnight (at least 10 hours) to harden.
- Then you can start a fun experiment: fill the bathtub with water and throw an egg into it. It will fizz furiously as it dissolves in the water. It will be cold when touched because it is an endothermic reaction between acid and alkali, absorbing heat from the surrounding environment.
Please note that the bath may become slippery due to the addition of oil.
Experiments at home, the results of which can be felt and touched, are very popular with children. These include this fun project that ends a large number dense lush colored foam.
To carry it out you will need:
- safety glasses for children;
- dry active yeast;
- warm water;
- hydrogen peroxide 6%;
- dishwashing liquid or liquid soap(not antibacterial);
- funnel;
- plastic glitter (necessarily non-metallic);
- food coloring;
- 0.5 liter bottle (it is best to take a bottle with a wide bottom for greater stability, but a regular plastic one will do).
The experiment itself is extremely simple:
- 1 tsp. dilute dry yeast in 2 tbsp. l. warm water.
- In a bottle placed in a sink or dish with high sides, pour ½ cup of hydrogen peroxide, a drop of dye, glitter and a little dishwashing liquid (several presses on the dispenser).
- Insert the funnel and pour in the yeast. The reaction will begin immediately, so act quickly.
Yeast acts as a catalyst and accelerates the release of hydrogen peroxide, and when the gas reacts with soap, it creates huge amount foam. This is an exothermic reaction, releasing heat, so if you touch the bottle after the “eruption” has stopped, it will be warm. Since the hydrogen immediately evaporates, you're left with just soap scum to play with.
Did you know that lemon can be used as a battery? True, very low-power. Experiments at home with citrus fruits will demonstrate to children the operation of a battery and a closed electrical circuit.
For the experiment you will need:
- lemons - 4 pcs.;
- galvanized nails - 4 pcs.;
- small pieces of copper (you can take coins) - 4 pcs.;
- alligator clips with short wires (about 20 cm) - 5 pcs.;
- small light bulb or flashlight - 1 pc.
Here's how to do the experiment:
- Roll on a hard surface, then squeeze the lemons lightly to release the juice inside the skins.
- Insert one galvanized nail and one piece of copper into each lemon. Place them on the same line.
- Connect one end of the wire to a galvanized nail and the other to a piece of copper in another lemon. Repeat this step until all the fruits are connected.
- When you're done, you should be left with 1 nail and 1 piece of copper that are not connected to anything. Prepare your light bulb, determine the polarity of the battery.
- Connect the remaining piece of copper (plus) and the nail (minus) to the plus and minus of the flashlight. Thus, a chain of connected lemons is a battery.
- Turn on a light bulb that will run on fruit energy!
To repeat such experiments at home, potatoes, especially green ones, are also suitable.
How does this work? Citric acid contained in lemon reacts with two different metals, which causes the ions to move in one direction, creating electric current. Everyone works on this principle chemical sources electricity.
You don't have to stay indoors to conduct experiments for children at home. Some experiments will work better outdoors, and you won't have to clean anything up after they're done. These include interesting experiments at home with air bubbles, not simple ones, but huge ones. 
To make them you will need:
- 2 wooden sticks 50-100 cm long (depending on the age and height of the child);
- 2 metal screw-in ears;
- 1 metal washer;
- 3 m of cotton cord;
- bucket of water;
- any detergent - for dishes, shampoo, liquid soap.
Here's how to conduct spectacular experiments for children at home:
- Screw metal tabs into the ends of the sticks.
- Cut the cotton cord into two parts, 1 and 2 m long. You may not strictly adhere to these measurements, but it is important that the proportion between them is maintained at 1 to 2.
- Place a washer on a long piece of rope so that it hangs evenly in the center, and tie both ropes to the eyes on the sticks, forming a loop.
- Stir in a bucket of water small quantity detergent
- Gently dip the loop of the sticks into the liquid and begin blowing giant bubbles. To separate them from each other, carefully bring the ends of the two sticks together.
What is the scientific component of this experiment? Explain to children that bubbles are held together by surface tension, the attractive force that holds the molecules of any liquid together. Its effect is manifested in the fact that spilled water collects into drops, which tend to take on a spherical shape, as the most compact of all existing in nature, or in the fact that water, when poured, collects into cylindrical streams. The bubble has a layer of liquid molecules on both sides sandwiched by soap molecules, which increase its surface tension when distributed over the surface of the bubble and prevent it from quickly evaporating. While the sticks are kept open, the water is held in the form of a cylinder; as soon as they are closed, it tends to a spherical shape.
These are the kinds of experiments you can do at home with children.
7 simple experiments to show your children
There are very simple experiments that children remember for the rest of their lives. The guys may not fully understand why this is all happening, but when time will pass and they find themselves in a physics or chemistry lesson, a very clear example will certainly emerge in their memory.
Bright Side collected 7 interesting experiments that children will remember. Everything you need for these experiments is at your fingertips.
Will need: 2 balls, candle, matches, water.
Experience: Inflate a balloon and hold it over a lit candle to demonstrate to children that the fire will make the balloon burst. Then pour plain tap water into the second ball, tie it and bring it to the candle again. It turns out that with water the ball can easily withstand the flame of a candle.
Explanation: The water in the ball absorbs the heat generated by the candle. Therefore, the ball itself will not burn and, therefore, will not burst.
You will need: plastic bag, pencils, water.
Experience: Fill the plastic bag halfway with water. Use a pencil to pierce the bag right through where it is filled with water.
Explanation: If you pierce a plastic bag and then pour water into it, it will pour out through the holes. But if you first fill the bag halfway with water and then pierce it with a sharp object so that the object remains stuck into the bag, then almost no water will flow out through these holes. This is due to the fact that when polyethylene breaks, its molecules are attracted closer to each other. In our case, the polyethylene is tightened around the pencils.
You will need: balloon, a wooden skewer and some dishwashing liquid.
Experience: Coat the top and bottom with the product and pierce the ball, starting from the bottom.
Explanation: The secret of this trick is simple. In order to preserve the ball, you need to pierce it at the points of least tension, and they are located at the bottom and at the top of the ball.
Will need: 4 cups of water, food coloring, cabbage leaves or white flowers.
Experience: Add any color of food coloring to each glass and place one leaf or flower in the water. Leave them overnight. In the morning you will see that they have turned different colors.
Explanation: Plants absorb water and thereby nourish their flowers and leaves. This happens due to the capillary effect, in which water itself tends to fill the thin tubes inside the plants. This is how flowers, grass, and large trees feed. By sucking in tinted water, they change color.
Will need: 2 eggs, 2 glasses of water, salt.
Experience: Carefully place the egg in a glass with a simple clean water. As expected, it will sink to the bottom (if not, the egg may be rotten and should not be returned to the refrigerator). Pour warm water into the second glass and stir 4-5 tablespoons of salt in it. For the purity of the experiment, you can wait until the water cools down. Then place the second egg in the water. It will float near the surface.
Explanation: It's all about density. Average density the eggs are much larger than those of plain water, so the egg sinks down. A density saline solution higher, and therefore the egg rises upward.
Will need: 2 cups of water, 5 cups of sugar, wooden sticks for mini kebabs, thick paper, transparent glasses, saucepan, food coloring.
Experience: In a quarter glass of water, boil sugar syrup with a couple of tablespoons of sugar. Sprinkle some sugar onto the paper. Then you need to dip the stick in the syrup and collect the sugar with it. Next, distribute them evenly on the stick.
Leave the sticks to dry overnight. In the morning, dissolve 5 cups of sugar in 2 glasses of water over a fire. You can leave the syrup to cool for 15 minutes, but it should not cool too much, otherwise the crystals will not grow. Then pour it into jars and add different food colorings. Place the prepared sticks in a jar of syrup so that they do not touch the walls and bottom of the jar; a clothespin will help with this.
Explanation: As the water cools, the solubility of sugar decreases, and it begins to precipitate and settle on the walls of the vessel and on your stick seeded with sugar grains.
Experience: Light a match and hold it at a distance of 10-15 centimeters from the wall. Shine a flashlight on the match and you will see that only your hand and the match itself are reflected on the wall. It would seem obvious, but I never thought about it.
Explanation: Fire does not cast shadows because it does not prevent light from passing through it.
Simple experiments
Do you love physics? Do you like to experiment? The world of physics is waiting for you!
What could be more interesting than experiments in physics? And, of course, the simpler the better!
These exciting experiences will help you see the extraordinary phenomena of light and sound, electricity and magnetism. Everything needed for the experiments is easy to find at home, and the experiments themselves are simple and safe.
Your eyes are burning, your hands are itching!
— Robert Wood is a genius of experimentation. look
— Up or down? Rotating chain. Salt fingers. look
— IO-IO toy. Salt pendulum. Paper dancers. Electric dance. look
— The Mystery of Ice Cream. Which water will freeze faster? It's frosty, but the ice is melting! . look
— The snow creaks. What will happen to the icicles? Snow flowers. look
- Who is faster? Jet balloon. Air carousel. look
— Multi-colored balls. Sea resident. Balancing egg. look
— Electric motor in 10 seconds. Gramophone. look
- Boil, cool. look
— Faraday's experiment. Segner wheel. Nutcracker. look
Experiments with weightlessness. Weightless water. How to reduce your weight. look
— Jumping grasshopper. Jumping ring. Elastic coins. look
— A drowned thimble. Obedient ball. We measure friction. Funny monkey. Vortex rings. look
- Rolling and sliding. Rest friction. The acrobat is doing a cartwheel. Brake in the egg. look
- Take out the coin. Experiments with bricks. Wardrobe experience. Experience with matches. Inertia of the coin. Hammer experience. Circus experience with a jar. Ball experiment. look
— Experiments with checkers. Domino experience. Experiment with an egg. Ball in a glass. Mysterious skating rink. look
— Experiments with coins. Water hammer. Outsmart inertia. look
— Experience with boxes. Experience with checkers. Coin experience. Catapult. Inertia of an apple. look
— Experiments with rotational inertia. Ball experiment. look
— Newton's first law. Newton's third law. Action and reaction. Law of conservation of momentum. Amount of movement. look
— Jet shower. Experiments with jet spinners: air spinner, jet balloon, ether spinner, Segner wheel. look
- Balloon rocket. Multistage rocket. Pulse ship. Jet boat. look
— Centrifugal force. Easier on turns. Ring experience. look
— Gyroscopic toys. Clark's top. Greig's top. Lopatin's flying top. Gyroscopic machine. look
— Gyroscopes and tops. Experiments with a gyroscope. Experience with a top. Wheel experience. Coin experience. Riding a bike without hands. Boomerang experience. look
— Experiments with invisible axes. Experience with paper clips. Rotation matchbox. Slalom on paper. look
- Rotation changes shape. Cool or damp. Dancing egg. How to put a match. look
— When the water does not pour out. A bit of a circus. Experiment with a coin and a ball. When the water pours out. Umbrella and separator. look
- Vanka-stand up. Mysterious nesting doll. look
— Center of gravity. Equilibrium. Center of gravity height and mechanical stability. Base area and balance. Obedient and naughty egg. look
— Human center of gravity. Balance of forks. Fun swing. A diligent sawyer. Sparrow on a branch. look
— Center of gravity. Pencil competition. Experience with unstable balance. Human balance. Stable pencil. Knife at the top. Experience with a ladle. Experiment with a saucepan lid. look
— Plasticity of ice. A nut that has come out. Properties of non-Newtonian fluid. Growing crystals. Properties of water and eggshells. look
— Expansion of a solid. Lapped plugs. Needle extension. Thermal scales. Separating glasses. Rusty screw. The board is in pieces. Ball expansion. Coin expansion. look
— Expansion of gas and liquid. Heating the air. Sounding coin. Water pipe and mushrooms. Heating water. Warming up the snow. Dry from the water. The glass is creeping. look
— Plateau experience. Darling's experience. Wetting and non-wetting. Floating razor. look
— The attraction of traffic jams. Sticking to water. A miniature Plateau experience. Soap bubbles. look
- Live fish. Paperclip experience. Experiments with detergents. Colored streams. Rotating spiral. look
— Experience with a blotter. Experiment with pipettes. Experience with matches. Capillary pump. look
— Hydrogen soap bubbles. Scientific preparation. Bubble in a jar. Colored rings. Two in one. look
- Transformation of energy. Bent strip and ball. Tongs and sugar. Photoexposure meter and photoelectric effect. look
- Translation mechanical energy to thermal. Propeller experience. A hero in a thimble. look
— Experiment with an iron nail. Experience with wood. Experience with glass. Experiment with spoons. Coin experience. Thermal conductivity of porous bodies. Thermal conductivity of gas. look
-Which is colder. Heating without fire. Absorption of heat. Radiation of heat. Evaporative cooling. Experiment with an extinguished candle. Experiments with the outer part of the flame. look
— Transfer of energy by radiation. Experiments with solar energy. look
— Weight is a heat regulator. Experience with stearin. Creating traction. Experience with scales. Experience with a turntable. Pinwheel on a pin. look
— Experiments with soap bubbles in the cold. Crystallization watch
— Frost on the thermometer. Evaporation from the iron. We regulate the boiling process. Instant crystallization. growing crystals. Making ice. Cutting ice. Rain in the kitchen. look
—Water freezes water. Ice castings. We create a cloud. Let's make a cloud. We boil the snow. Ice bait. How to get hot ice. look
— Growing crystals. Salt crystals. Golden crystals. Large and small. Peligo's experience. Experience-focus. Metal crystals. look
— Growing crystals. Copper crystals. Fairytale beads. Halite patterns. Homemade frost. look
- Paper pan. Dry ice experiment. Experience with socks. look
— Experience on the Boyle-Mariotte law. Experiment on Charles's law. Let's check the Clayperon equation. Let's check Gay-Lusac's law. Ball trick. Once again about the Boyle-Mariotte law. look
— Steam engine. The experience of Claude and Bouchereau. look
— Water turbine. Steam turbine. Wind engine. Water wheel. Hydro turbine. Windmill toys. look
— Pressure of a solid body. Punching a coin with a needle. Cutting through ice. look
- Fountains. The simplest fountain. Three fountains. Fountain in a bottle. Fountain on the table. look
— Atmospheric pressure. Bottle experience. Egg in a decanter. Can sticking. Experience with glasses. Experience with a can. Experiments with a plunger. Flattening the can. Experiment with test tubes. look
— Vacuum pump made from blotting paper. Air pressure. Instead of Magdeburg hemispheres. A diving bell glass. Carthusian diver. Punished curiosity. look
— Experiments with coins. Experiment with an egg. Experience with a newspaper. School gum suction cup. How to empty a glass. look
— Experiments with glasses. The mysterious property of radishes. Bottle experience. look
- Naughty plug. What is pneumatics? Experiment with a heated glass. How to lift a glass with your palm. look
- Cold boiling water. How much does water weigh in a glass? Determine lung volume. Resistant funnel. How to pierce a balloon without it bursting. look
- Hygrometer. Hygroscope. Barometer made from a pine cone. look
- Three balls. The simplest submarine. Grape experiment. Does iron float? look
- Ship's draft. Does the egg float? Cork in a bottle. Water candlestick. Sinks or floats. Especially for drowning people. Experience with matches. Amazing egg. Does the plate sink? The mystery of the scales. look
— Float in a bottle. Obedient fish. Pipette in a bottle - Cartesian diver. look
— Ocean level. Boat on the ground. Will the fish drown? Stick scales. look
- Archimedes' Law. Live toy fish. Bottle level. look
— Experience with a funnel. Experiment with water jet. Ball experiment. Experience with scales. Rolling cylinders. stubborn leaves. look
- Bendable sheet. Why doesn't he fall? Why does the candle go out? Why doesn't the candle go out? The air flow is to blame. look
— Lever of the second type. Pulley hoist. look
- Lever. Gate. Lever scales. look
— Pendulum and bicycle. Pendulum and globe. A fun duel. Unusual pendulum. look
— Torsion pendulum. Experiments with a swinging top. Rotating pendulum. look
— Experiment with the Foucault pendulum. Addition of vibrations. Experiment with Lissajous figures. Resonance of pendulums. Hippopotamus and bird. look
- Fun swing. Oscillations and resonance. look
- Fluctuations. Forced vibrations. Resonance. Seize the moment. look
— Physics musical instruments. String. Magic bow. Ratchet. Singing glasses. Bottlephone. From bottle to organ. look
— Doppler effect. Sound lens. Chladni's experiments. look
— Sound waves. Propagation of sound. look
- Sounding glass. Flute made from straw. The sound of a string. Reflection of sound. look
- Telephone made from a matchbox. telephone exchange. look
- Singing combs. Spoon ringing. Singing glass. look
- Singing water. Shy wire. look
- Hear the heartbeat. Glasses for ears. Shock wave or firecracker. look
- Sing with me. Resonance. Sound through bone. look
- Tuning fork. A storm in a teacup. Louder sound. look
- My strings. Changing the pitch of the sound. Ting-ding. Crystal clear. look
— We make the ball squeak. Kazoo. Singing bottles. Choral singing. look
— Intercom. Gong. Crowing glass. look
- Let's blow out the sound. String instrument. Small hole. Blues on bagpipes. look
- Sounds of nature. Singing straw. Maestro, march. look
- A speck of sound. What's in the bag? Sound on the surface. Day of disobedience. look
— Sound waves. Visual sound. Sound helps you see. look
- Electrification. Electric panty. Electricity is repellent. Dance of soap bubbles. Electricity on combs. The needle is a lightning rod. Electrification of the thread. look
- Bouncing balls. Interaction of charges. Sticky ball. look
— Experience with a neon light bulb. Flying bird. Flying butterfly. An animated world. look
— Electric spoon. St. Elmo's Fire. Electrification of water. Flying cotton wool. Electrification of a soap bubble. Loaded frying pan. look
- Electrification of the flower. Experiments on human electrification. Lightning on the table. look
- Electroscope. Electric Theater. Electric cat. Electricity attracts. look
- Electroscope. Soap bubbles. Fruit battery. Fighting gravity. Battery galvanic cells. Connect the coils. look
- Turn the arrow. Balancing on the edge. Repelling nuts. Turn on the light. look
— Amazing tapes. Radio signal. Static separator. Jumping grains. Static rain. look
— Film wrapper. Magic figurines. Influence of air humidity. An animated door handle. Sparkling clothes. look
- Charging from a distance. Rolling ring. Crackling and clicking sounds. Wand. look
- Everything can be charged. Positive charge. Attraction of bodies. Static glue. Charged plastic. Ghost leg. look
Electrification. Experiments with tape. We call lightning. St. Elmo's Fire. Heat and current. Draws electric current. look
— A vacuum cleaner made from combs. Dancing cereal. Electric wind. Electric octopus. look
— Current sources. First battery. Thermocouple. Chemical current source. look
- We're making a battery. Grenet's element. Dry current source. From an old battery. Improved element. The last squeak. look
— Trick experiments with a Thomson coil. look
— How to make a magnet. Experiments with needles. Experience with iron filings. Magnetic paintings. Cutting magnetic power lines. Disappearance of magnetism. Sticky top. Iron top. Magnetic pendulum. look
— Magnetic brigantine. Magnetic fisherman. Magnetic infection. Picky goose. Magnetic shooting range. Woodpecker. look
— Magnetic compass. magnetization of the poker. Magnetizing a feather with a poker. look
— Magnets. Curie point. Iron top. Steel barrier. Perpetual motion machine from two magnets. look
- Make a magnet. Demagnetize the magnet. Where the compass needle points. Magnet extension. Get rid of danger. look
- Interaction. In a world of opposites. The poles are against the middle of the magnet. Chain game. Anti-gravity discs. look
— See the magnetic field. Draw a magnetic field. Magnetic metals. Shake 'em up Barrier to magnetic field. Flying cup. look
- Light beam. How to see the light. Rotation light beam. Multi-colored lights. Sugar light. look
- Absolutely black body. look
— Slide projector. Shadow physics. look
- Magic ball. Camera obscura. Upside down. look
— How the lens works. Water magnifier. Turn on the heating. look
— The mystery of dark stripes. More light. Color on glass. look
— Copier. Mirror magic. Appearing out of nowhere. Coin trick experiment. look
— Reflection in a spoon. Crooked mirror from the wrapper. Transparent mirror. look
- What angle? Remote controller remote control. Mirror room. look
- Just for fun. Reflected rays. Jumps of light. Mirror letter. look
- Scratch the mirror. How others see you. Mirror to mirror. look
- Adding up the colors. Rotating white. Colored spinning top. look
— Spread of light. Obtaining the spectrum. Spectrum on the ceiling. look
— Arithmetic of colored rays. Disc trick. Banham's disk. look
— Mixing colors using tops. Experience with the stars. look
- Mirror. Reversed name. Multiple reflection. Mirror and TV. look
— Weightlessness in the mirror. Let's multiply. Direct mirror. Crooked mirror. look
- Lenses. Cylindrical lens. Double-decker lens. Diffusing lens. Homemade spherical lens. When the lens stops working. look
- Droplet lens. Fire from an ice floe. Does a magnifying glass magnify? The image can be captured. In the footsteps of Leeuwenhoek. look
— Focal length of the lens. Mysterious test tube. Wayward arrow. look
— Experiments on light scattering. look
— Disappearing coin. Broken pencil. Living shadow. Experiments with light. look
- Shadow of the flame. Law of light reflection. Mirror image. Reflection parallel rays. Experiences to the fullest internal reflection. Path of light rays in a light guide. Experiment with a spoon. Refraction of light. Refraction in a lens. look
— Interference. The crevice experiment. Experience with thin film. Diaphragm or needle transformation. look
— Interference on soap bubble. Interference in the varnish film. Making rainbow paper. look
— Obtaining a spectrum using an aquarium. Spectrum using a water prism. Anomalous dispersion. look
- Experience with a pin. Experience with paper. Experiment on slit diffraction. Laser diffraction experiment. look
Introduction
Without a doubt, all our knowledge begins with experiments.
(Kant Emmanuel. German philosopher g.)
Physics experiments introduce students to the diverse applications of the laws of physics in a fun way. Experiments can be used in lessons to attract students’ attention to the phenomenon being studied, when repeating and consolidating educational material, at physical evenings. Entertaining experiments deepen and expand students’ knowledge, contribute to the development logical thinking, instill interest in the subject.
The role of experiment in the science of physics
The fact that physics is a young science
It’s impossible to say for sure here.
And in ancient times, learning science,
We always strived to comprehend it.
The purpose of teaching physics is specific,
Be able to apply all knowledge in practice.
And it’s important to remember – the role of experiment
Must stand first.
Be able to plan an experiment and carry it out.
Analyze and bring to life.
Build a model, put forward a hypothesis,
Striving to reach new heights
The laws of physics are based on facts established experimentally. Moreover, the interpretation of the same facts often changes during historical development physics. Facts accumulate through observation. But you can’t limit yourself to them only. This is only the first step towards knowledge. Next comes the experiment, the development of concepts that allow for qualitative characteristics. To draw from observations general conclusions, to find out the causes of the phenomena, it is necessary to establish quantitative relationships between quantities. If such a dependence is obtained, then we have found physical law. If a physical law is found, then there is no need to put in each special case experience, it is enough to perform the appropriate calculations. By experimentally studying quantitative relationships between quantities, patterns can be identified. Based on these patterns, it develops general theory phenomena.
Therefore, without experiment there can be no rational teaching of physics. The study of physics involves the widespread use of experiments, discussion of the features of its setting and the observed results.
Entertaining experiments in physics
The description of the experiments was carried out using the following algorithm:
Name of the experiment Equipment and materials required for the experiment Stages of the experiment Explanation of the experiment
Experiment No. 1 Four floors
Devices and materials: glass, paper, scissors, water, salt, red wine, sunflower oil, colored alcohol.
Stages of the experiment
Let's try to pour four different liquids into a glass so that they do not mix and stand five levels above each other. However, it will be more convenient for us to take not a glass, but a narrow glass that widens towards the top.
Pour salted tinted water into the bottom of the glass. Roll up a “Funtik” out of paper and bend its end at a right angle; cut off the tip. The hole in the Funtik should be the size of a pinhead. Pour red wine into this cone; a thin stream should flow out of it horizontally, break against the walls of the glass and flow down it onto the salt water.
When the height of the layer of red wine is equal to the height of the layer of colored water, stop pouring the wine. From the second cone, pour sunflower oil into a glass in the same way. From the third horn, pour a layer of colored alcohol.
https://pandia.ru/text/78/416/images/image002_161.gif" width="86 height=41" height="41">, the smallest for tinted alcohol.
Experience No. 2 Amazing candlestick
Devices and materials: candle, nail, glass, matches, water.
Stages of the experiment
Isn't it an amazing candlestick - a glass of water? And this candlestick is not bad at all.
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Figure 3
Explanation of experience
The candle goes out because the bottle is “flown around” with air: the stream of air is broken by the bottle into two streams; one flows around it on the right, and the other on the left; and they meet approximately where the candle flame stands.
Experiment No. 4 Spinning snake
Devices and materials: thick paper, candle, scissors.
Stages of the experiment
Cut a spiral out of thick paper, stretch it a little and place it on the end of a curved wire. Hold this spiral over the candle in the upward air flow, the snake will rotate.
Explanation of experience
The snake rotates because air expands under the influence of heat and transforms warm energy into motion.
https://pandia.ru/text/78/416/images/image007_56.jpg" width="300" height="225 src=">
Figure 5
Explanation of experience
Water has higher density than alcohol; it will gradually enter the bottle, displacing the mascara from there. Red, blue or black liquid will rise upward from the bubble in a thin stream.
Experiment No. 6 Fifteen matches on one
Devices and materials: 15 matches.
Stages of the experiment
Place one match on the table, and 14 matches across it so that their heads stick up and their ends touch the table. How to lift the first match, holding it by one end, and all the other matches along with it?
Explanation of experience
To do this, you just need to put another fifteenth match on top of all the matches, in the hollow between them.
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Figure 7
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Figure 9
Experience No. 8 Paraffin motor
Devices and materials: candle, knitting needle, 2 glasses, 2 plates, matches.
Stages of the experiment
To make this motor, we don't need either electricity or gasoline. For this we only need... a candle.
Heat the knitting needle and stick it with their heads into the candle. This will be the axis of our engine. Place a candle with a knitting needle on the edges of two glasses and balance. Light the candle at both ends.
Explanation of experience
A drop of paraffin will fall into one of the plates placed under the ends of the candle. The balance will be disrupted, the other end of the candle will tighten and fall; at the same time, a few drops of paraffin will drain from it, and it will become lighter than the first end; it rises to the top, the first end will go down, drop a drop, it will become lighter, and our motor will start working with all its might; gradually the candle's vibrations will increase more and more.
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Devices and materials: thin glass, water.
Stages of the experiment
Fill a glass with water and wipe the edges of the glass. Rub a moistened finger anywhere on the glass and she will start singing.
Diffusion" href="/text/category/diffuziya/" rel="bookmark">diffusion in liquids, gases and solids
Demonstration experiment “Observation of diffusion”
Devices and materials: cotton wool, ammonia, phenolphthalein, diffusion observation device.
Stages of the experiment
Let's take two pieces of cotton wool. We moisten one piece of cotton wool with phenolphthalein, the other - ammonia. Let's bring the branches into contact. The fleeces are stained in pink due to the phenomenon of diffusion.
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Figure 13
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Figure 15
Let us prove that the phenomenon of diffusion depends on temperature. The higher the temperature, the faster diffusion occurs.
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Figure 17
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Figure 19
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Figure 21
3.Pascal's ball
Pascal's ball is a device designed to demonstrate the uniform transfer of pressure exerted on a liquid or gas in a closed vessel, as well as the rise of the liquid behind the piston under the influence of atmospheric pressure.
To demonstrate the uniform transfer of pressure exerted on a liquid in a closed vessel, it is necessary to use a piston to draw water into the vessel and place the ball tightly on the nozzle. By pushing the piston into the vessel, demonstrate the flow of liquid from the holes in the ball, paying attention to the uniform flow of liquid in all directions.
Physics surrounds us absolutely everywhere: in everyday life, on the street, on the road... Sometimes parents should draw the attention of their children to some interesting, still unknown moments. Early introduction to this school subject will allow some child to overcome fear, and some to become seriously interested in this science and, perhaps, for some this will become destiny.
With some simple experiments that can be done at home, we invite you to get acquainted with them today.
PURPOSE OF THE EXPERIMENT: See if the shape of an object affects its strength.
MATERIALS: three sheets of paper, tape, books (weighing up to half a kilogram), assistant.
PROCESS:
Fold the pieces of paper into three different shapes: Form A- fold the sheet in thirds and glue the ends together, Form B- fold the sheet of paper in four and glue the ends together, Form B- Roll the paper into a cylinder shape and glue the ends together.
Place all the figures you have made on the table.
Together with an assistant, place books on them one at a time and watch when the structures collapse.
Remember how many books each figure can hold.
RESULTS: The cylinder can withstand the most large number books.
WHY? Gravity (attraction to the center of the Earth) pulls the books down, but the paper supports do not let them go. If gravity is more power resistance of the support, the weight of the book will crush it. The open paper cylinder turned out to be the strongest of all the figures, because the weight of the books that lay on it was evenly distributed along its walls.
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PURPOSE OF THE EXPERIMENT: Charge an object with static electricity.
MATERIALS: scissors, napkin, ruler, comb.
PROCESS:
Measure and cut a strip of paper from the napkin (7cm x 25cm).
Cut long thin strips on the paper, LEAVING the edge untouched (according to the drawing).
Comb your hair quickly. Your hair should be clean and dry. Bring the comb closer to the paper strips, but do not touch them.
RESULTS: Paper strips are drawn to the comb.
WHY?“Static” means motionless. Static electricity is negative particles called electrons gathered together. Matter consists of atoms, where electrons rotate around a positive center - the nucleus. When we comb our hair, the electrons seem to be erased from the hair and end up on the comb . That half of the comb that touched your hair received! negative charge. A strip of paper is made up of atoms. We bring a comb to them, as a result of which the positive part of the atoms is attracted to the comb. This attraction between positive and negative particles enough to lift the paper strips up.
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PURPOSE OF THE EXPERIMENT: Find the position of the center of gravity.
MATERIALS: plasticine, two metal forks, a toothpick, a tall glass or a wide-necked jar.
PROCESS:
Roll a ball of plasticine about 4 cm in diameter.
Insert a fork into the ball.
Insert the second fork into the ball at an angle of 45 degrees relative to the first fork.
Insert a toothpick into the ball between the forks.
Place the end of the toothpick on the edge of the glass and move it towards the center of the glass until equilibrium is achieved.
NOTE: If balance cannot be achieved, reduce the angle between them.
RESULTS: At a certain position, the toothpicks of the fork are balanced.
WHY? Since the forks are located at an angle to each other, their weight seems to be concentrated at a certain point on the stick located between them. This point is called the center of gravity.
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PURPOSE OF THE EXPERIMENT: Compare the speed of sound in solids and in air.
MATERIALS: plastic cup, ring-shaped rubber band.
PROCESS:
Place the rubber ring on the glass as shown in the picture.
Place the glass upside down to your ear.
String the stretched rubber band like a string.
RESULTS: A loud sound is heard.
WHY? An object sounds when it vibrates. While oscillating, he hits the air or another object if it is nearby. The vibrations begin to spread through the air filling everything around, their energy affects the ears, and we hear sound. Vibrations propagate much more slowly through air—gas—than through solid or liquid bodies. The vibrations of the rubber band are transmitted to both the air and the body of the glass, but the sound is heard louder when it comes to the ear directly from the walls of the glass.
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PURPOSE OF THE EXPERIMENT: Find out whether temperature affects the jumping ability of a rubber ball.
MATERIALS: tennis ball, meter stick, freezer.
PROCESS:
Place the bar vertically and, holding it with one hand, place the ball on its top end with the other hand.
Release the ball and see how high it jumps when it hits the floor. Repeat this three times and estimate your average jump height.
Place the ball in the freezer for half an hour.
Measure your jump height again by releasing the ball from the top end of the pole.
RESULTS: After the freezer, the ball does not bounce as high.
WHY? Rubber is made up of a myriad of molecules in the form of chains. When warm, these chains easily move and move away from one another, and thanks to this, the rubber becomes elastic. When cooled, these chains become rigid. When the chains are elastic, the ball bounces well. Playing tennis in cold weather, you need to take into account that the ball will not be so bouncy.
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PURPOSE OF THE EXPERIMENT: See how the image appears in the mirror.
MATERIALS: mirror, 4 books, pencil, paper.
PROCESS:
Place books in a stack and lean a mirror against it.
Place a piece of paper under the edge of the mirror.
Put left hand in front of a sheet of paper, and place your chin on your hand so that you can look in the mirror, but not see the sheet on which you have to write.
Looking only in the mirror, but not at the paper, write your name on it.
Look what you wrote.
RESULTS: Most, and maybe even all, of the letters were upside down.
WHY? Because you wrote while looking in the mirror, where they looked normal, but on the paper they were upside down. Most of the letters will be upside down, and only symmetrical letters (H, O, E, B) will be written correctly. They look the same in the mirror and on paper, although the image in the mirror is upside down.
At-home experiments are a great way to introduce children to the basics of physics and chemistry, and make complex, abstract laws and terms easier to understand through visual demonstrations. Moreover, to carry them out you do not need to acquire expensive reagents or special equipment. After all, without thinking, we carry out experiments every day at home - from adding slaked soda to dough to connecting batteries to a flashlight. Read on to learn how to conduct interesting experiments easily, simply, and safely.
Chemical experiments at home
Does the image of a professor with a glass flask and singed eyebrows immediately come to mind? Don't worry, our chemical experiments at home are completely safe, interesting and useful. Thanks to them, the child will easily remember what exo- and endothermic reactions are and what the difference is between them.
So let's make hatchable dinosaur eggs that can be used as bath bombs.
For the experience you need:
- small dinosaur figurines;
- baking soda;
- vegetable oil;
- citric acid;
- food coloring or liquid watercolor paints.
Procedure for conducting the experiment
- Place ½ cup baking soda in a small bowl and add about ¼ tsp. liquid colors (or dissolve 1-2 drops of food coloring in ¼ teaspoon of water), mix the baking soda with your fingers to create an even color.
- Add 1 tbsp. l. citric acid. Mix dry ingredients thoroughly.
- Add 1 tsp. vegetable oil.
- You should have a crumbly dough that barely sticks together when pressed. If it doesn’t want to stick together at all, then slowly add ¼ tsp. butter until you reach the desired consistency.
- Now take the dinosaur figurine and mold the dough into an egg shape. It will be very fragile at first, so you should set it aside overnight (at least 10 hours) to harden.
- Then you can start a fun experiment: fill the bathtub with water and throw an egg into it. It will fizz furiously as it dissolves in the water. It will be cold when touched because it is an endothermic reaction between acid and alkali, absorbing heat from the surrounding environment.
Please note that the bath may become slippery due to the addition of oil.
Elephant toothpaste
Experiments at home, the results of which can be felt and touched, are very popular with children. That includes this fun project that ends with lots of dense, fluffy colored foam.
To carry it out you will need:
- safety glasses for children;
- dry active yeast;
- warm water;
- hydrogen peroxide 6%;
- dishwashing detergent or liquid soap (not antibacterial);
- funnel;
- plastic glitter (necessarily non-metallic);
- food coloring;
- 0.5 liter bottle (it is best to take a bottle with a wide bottom for greater stability, but a regular plastic one will do).
The experiment itself is extremely simple:
- 1 tsp. dilute dry yeast in 2 tbsp. l. warm water.
- In a bottle placed in a sink or dish with high sides, pour ½ cup of hydrogen peroxide, a drop of dye, glitter and a little dishwashing liquid (several presses on the dispenser).
- Insert the funnel and pour in the yeast. The reaction will begin immediately, so act quickly.
The yeast acts as a catalyst and accelerates the release of hydrogen peroxide, and when the gas reacts with soap, it creates a huge amount of foam. This is an exothermic reaction, releasing heat, so if you touch the bottle after the “eruption” has stopped, it will be warm. Since the hydrogen immediately evaporates, you're left with just soap scum to play with.
Physics experiments at home
Did you know that lemon can be used as a battery? True, very low-power. Experiments at home with citrus fruits will demonstrate to children the operation of a battery and a closed electrical circuit.
For the experiment you will need:
- lemons - 4 pcs.;
- galvanized nails - 4 pcs.;
- small pieces of copper (you can take coins) - 4 pcs.;
- alligator clips with short wires (about 20 cm) - 5 pcs.;
- small light bulb or flashlight - 1 pc.
Let there be light
Here's how to do the experiment:
- Roll on a hard surface, then squeeze the lemons lightly to release the juice inside the skins.
- Insert one galvanized nail and one piece of copper into each lemon. Place them on the same line.
- Connect one end of the wire to a galvanized nail and the other to a piece of copper in another lemon. Repeat this step until all the fruits are connected.
- When you're done, you should be left with 1 nail and 1 piece of copper that are not connected to anything. Prepare your light bulb, determine the polarity of the battery.
- Connect the remaining piece of copper (plus) and the nail (minus) to the plus and minus of the flashlight. Thus, a chain of connected lemons is a battery.
- Turn on a light bulb that will run on fruit energy!
To repeat such experiments at home, potatoes, especially green ones, are also suitable.
How does this work? The citric acid found in lemon reacts with two different metals, which causes the ions to move in one direction, creating an electrical current. All chemical sources of electricity operate on this principle.
Summer fun
You don't have to stay indoors to do some experiments. Some experiments will work better outside, and you won't have to clean anything up after they're done. These include interesting experiments at home with air bubbles, not simple ones, but huge ones.
To make them you will need:
- 2 wooden sticks 50-100 cm long (depending on the age and height of the child);
- 2 metal screw-in ears;
- 1 metal washer;
- 3 m of cotton cord;
- bucket of water;
- any detergent - for dishes, shampoo, liquid soap.
Here's how to conduct spectacular experiments for children at home:
- Screw metal tabs into the ends of the sticks.
- Cut the cotton cord into two parts, 1 and 2 m long. You may not strictly adhere to these measurements, but it is important that the proportion between them is maintained at 1 to 2.
- Place a washer on a long piece of rope so that it hangs evenly in the center, and tie both ropes to the eyes on the sticks, forming a loop.
- Mix a small amount of detergent in a bucket of water.
- Gently dip the loop of the sticks into the liquid and begin blowing giant bubbles. To separate them from each other, carefully bring the ends of the two sticks together.
What is the scientific component of this experiment? Explain to children that bubbles are held together by surface tension, the attractive force that holds the molecules of any liquid together. Its effect is manifested in the fact that spilled water collects into drops, which tend to take on a spherical shape, as the most compact of all existing in nature, or in the fact that water, when poured, collects into cylindrical streams. The bubble has a layer of liquid molecules on both sides sandwiched by soap molecules, which increase its surface tension when distributed over the surface of the bubble and prevent it from quickly evaporating. While the sticks are kept open, the water is held in the form of a cylinder; as soon as they are closed, it tends to a spherical shape.
These are the kinds of experiments you can do at home with children.
BOU "Koskovskaya Secondary School"
Kichmengsko-Gorodetsky municipal district
"Physical experiment at home"
Completed:
7th grade students
Koptyaev Artem
Alekseevskaya Ksenia
Alekseevskaya Tanya
Supervisor:
Korovkin I.N.
March-April-2016.
Content
Introduction
There is nothing better in life than your own experience.
Scott W.
At school and at home we became acquainted with many physical phenomena and we wanted to make homemade instruments, equipment and conduct experiments. All the experiments we conduct allow us to gain deeper knowledge the world around us and in particular physics. We describe the process of manufacturing equipment for the experiment, the principle of operation and the physical law or phenomenon demonstrated by this device. The experiments carried out interested students from other classes.
Target: make a device from available means to demonstrate a physical phenomenon and use it to talk about physical phenomenon.
Hypothesis: manufactured devices and demonstrations will help to understand physics more deeply.
Tasks:
Study the literature on conducting experiments yourself.
Watch a video demonstrating the experiments
Make equipment for experiments
Give a demonstration
Describe the physical phenomenon being demonstrated
Improve material base physics office.
EXPERIMENT 1. Fountain model
Target : show the simplest model fountain.
Equipment : plastic bottle, dropper tubes, clamp, balloon, cuvette.
Finished productProgress of the experiment:
We will make 2 holes in the cork. Insert the tubes and attach a ball to the end of one.
Fill the balloon with air and close it with a clamp.
Pour water into a bottle and place it in a cuvette.
Let's watch the flow of water.
Result: We observe the formation of a water fountain.
Analysis: The water in the bottle is acted upon by the compressed air in the ball. The more air in the ball, the higher the fountain will be.
EXPERIENCE 2. Carthusian diver
(Pascal's law and Archimedes' force.)
Target: demonstrate Pascal's law and Archimedes' force.
Equipment: plastic bottle,
pipette (vessel closed at one end)
Finished productProgress of the experiment:
Take plastic bottle capacity 1.5-2 liters.
Take a small vessel (pipette) and load it with copper wire.
Fill the bottle with water.
Press down on the top of the bottle with your hands.
Observe the phenomenon.
Result : we observe the pipette sinking and rising when pressing on the plastic bottle..
Analysis : The force compresses the air above the water, the pressure is transferred to the water.
According to Pascal's law, pressure compresses the air in the pipette. As a result, Archimedes' power decreases. The body is drowning. We stop the compression. The body floats up.
EXPERIMENT 3. Pascal's law and communicating vessels.
Target: demonstrate the operation of Pascal's law in hydraulic machines.
Equipment: two syringes of different volumes and a plastic tube from a dropper.
Finished product.
Progress of the experiment:
1.Take two syringes different sizes and connect with a tube from an IV.
2.Fill with incompressible liquid (water or oil)
3. Press down on the plunger of the smaller syringe. Observe the movement of the plunger of the larger syringe.
4. Press down on the plunger of the larger syringe. Observe the movement of the plunger of the smaller syringe.
Result : We fix the difference in the applied forces.
Analysis : According to Pascal's law, the pressure created by the pistons is the same. Consequently: how many times larger is the piston, the greater is the force it creates.
EXPERIMENT 4. Dry from the water.
Target : show the expansion of heated air and compression of cold air..
Equipment : glass, plate with water, candle, cork.
Finished product.
Progress of the experiment:
1. pour water into a plate and place a coin on the bottom and a float on the water.
2. We invite the audience to take out the coin without getting their hand wet.
3.light the candle and place it in the water.
4. Cover with a heated glass.
Result: We observe the movement of water into the glass..
Analysis: When the air is heated, it expands. When the candle goes out. The air cools and its pressure decreases. Atmospheric pressure will push the water under the glass.
EXPERIENCE 5. Inertia.
Target : show the manifestation of inertia.
Equipment : Wide-neck bottle, cardboard ring, coins.
Finished product.
Progress of the experiment:
1. Place a paper ring on the neck of the bottle.
2. Place coins on the ring.
3. knock out the ring with a sharp blow of a ruler
Result: We watch the coins fall into the bottle.
Analysis: inertia is the ability of a body to maintain its speed. When you hit the ring, the coins do not have time to change speed and fall into the bottle.
EXPERIENCE 6. Upside down.
Target : Show the behavior of a liquid in a rotating bottle.
Equipment : Wide-neck bottle and rope.
Finished product.
Progress of the experiment:
1. We tie a rope to the neck of the bottle.
2. pour water.
3.rotate the bottle over your head.
Result: water does not pour out.
Analysis: At the top point, the water is acted upon by gravity and centrifugal force. If the centrifugal force is greater than the force of gravity, then the water will not flow out.
EXPERIMENT 7. Non-Newtonian liquid.
Target : Show the behavior of a non-Newtonian fluid.
Equipment : bowl.starch. water.
Finished product.
Progress of the experiment:
1. In a bowl, dilute starch and water in equal proportions.
2. demonstrate the unusual properties of the liquid
Result: a substance has the properties of a solid and a liquid.
Analysis: with a sharp impact, the properties of a solid appear, and with a slow impact, the properties of a liquid appear.
Conclusion
As a result of our work, we:
conducted experiments proving the existence of atmospheric pressure;
created home-made devices demonstrating the dependence of liquid pressure on the height of the liquid column, Pascal’s law.
We enjoyed studying pressure, making homemade devices, and conducting experiments. But there is a lot of interesting things in the world that you can still learn, so in the future:
We will continue to study this interesting science
We hope that our classmates will be interested in this problem, and we will try to help them.
In the future we will conduct new experiments.
Conclusion
It is interesting to observe the experiment conducted by the teacher. Carrying it out yourself is doubly interesting.
And conducting an experiment with a device made and designed with your own hands arouses great interest among the whole class. In such experiments it is easy to establish a relationship and draw a conclusion about how this installation works.
Carrying out these experiments is not difficult and interesting. They are safe, simple and useful. New research is ahead!
Literature
Physics evenings at high school/ Comp. EM. Braverman. M.: Education, 1969.
Extracurricular work in physics / Ed. O.F. Kabardina. M.: Education, 1983.
Galperstein L. Entertaining physics. M.: ROSMEN, 2000.
GorevL.A. Entertaining experiments in physics. M.: Education, 1985.
Goryachkin E.N. Methodology and technique of physical experiment. M.: Enlightenment. 1984
Mayorov A.N. Physics for the curious, or what you won't learn about in class. Yaroslavl: Academy of Development, Academy and K, 1999.
Makeeva G.P., Tsedrik M.S. Physical paradoxes and interesting questions. Minsk: Narodnaya Asveta, 1981.
Nikitin Yu.Z. Time for fun. M.: Young Guard, 1980.
Experiments in a home laboratory // Quantum. 1980. No. 4.
Perelman Ya.I. Entertaining mechanics. Do you know physics? M.: VAP, 1994.
Peryshkin A.V., Rodina N.A. Physics textbook for 7th grade. M.: Enlightenment. 2012
Peryshkin A.V. Physics. – M.: Bustard, 2012
