Case No. 4. Samples of argumentative essays.
Text No. 1.
(1) Pseudoscience is closely related to the so-called occult science. (2) Occult science admits the existence of hidden forces in the cosmos or in man himself, understandable only to a select few. (3) At first, alchemy, astrology, palmistry entered the occult system, later parapsychology, Philippine healing, and the effects of AAM (abnormal atmospheric phenomena) and other events.
(4) Some scientists, without wasting a lot of words, put the named series of studies and everything that is connected (or seems to be connected) with occult hobbies into the section of pseudo-teachings, calling for their access to science to be completely blocked. (5) Others are more careful: one should not knowingly, without performing a special “inspection,” declare one thing a lie and another the truth. (6) Moreover, prohibit any topics just because someone considers them parascience.
(7) Of course, it is pointless to decree the boundaries of what is permitted. (8) Occultism just grows near phenomena that are far from clear to science, strange, interpreted as mystical and therefore anti-scientific. (9) The ban on experimentation, observation, and search only fuels the situation and breeds rumors and speculation. (10) We are trying precisely on the basis of new results to “control physics so as not to introduce any mystical elements.” (11) Even if the hypotheses of, say, telepathic communication, traveling “cosmic saucers,” and skin vision are not confirmed, their study will help not only relieve the excitement, but also explain other phenomena, and therefore deepen our understanding of the world. (12) Therefore, it would be reckless to shun the mysterious, fencing it off with the concrete of prohibitions. (13) Everything mysterious must be studied. (14) However, on one condition: ...
(15) It is known that many prominent naturalists brought to different time tribute to occult affairs. (16) For centuries, astrology, for example, was intensively cultivated as a completely decent activity, and therefore many scientists became involved in it. (17) From the depths of history comes a fascination with alchemy, which for a long time remained the guardian of chemical knowledge. (18) The idea of telepathic communication came to the attention of a number of our outstanding compatriots, intriguing V. Bekhterev and K. Tsiolkovsky. (19) And the famous chemist A. Butlerov, in collaboration with the writer S. Aksakov, even published the magazine “Rebus”, in which telepaths and spiritualists found refuge. (20) So great scientists found themselves captive of great occult passions. (21) But would you dare call them false scientists?
(22) None of them resorted to deception or fabrication of facts, no one suffered from scientific fanaticism that could lead to the path of pseudoscientific claims. (23) “Demarcation” runs along the cutting edge of moral and ethical assessments. (24) An honest researcher, simply a decent person who maintains integrity in matters of science, cannot, no matter what he does, end up among the ranks of false scientists. (25) He lacks certain qualities for this, but he has in abundance those that protect him from the temptation of cheap fame. (A. Sukhotin)
Essay No. 1.
There is a widespread belief: all means are good to achieve a goal. Are these means and the goal itself always noble and ethical? Before me are A. Sukhotin’s thoughts on a pressing, burning topic. IN this text very affected serious problem: what path should you choose to achieve your goal? This problem is relevant because it is written about in newspapers, spoken on television, and discussed by philosophers, sociologists, politicians, and teachers. It belongs, first of all, to the category of moral, ethical problems. A. Sukhotin examines the issue that interests him using the example of the relationship between pseudoscience and true science, pseudoscientists and genuine scientists. Studying the problem, the publicist comes to the conclusion that on the path to the truth, on the path to achieving the goal, a person can be mistaken, make mistakes, and put forward hypotheses. Even if this person is wrong, he cannot be called a pseudoscientist. The author's position is clear: a real researcher must remain honest and decent at all costs, and not succumb to the temptation of “cheap fame.” One cannot but agree with the opinion of A. Sukhotin. If a person chooses the wrong path to achieve a goal, the path of vanity, deception, calculation, selfishness, then his business, without a doubt, will be doomed to failure. So, in 2005, in funds mass media The famous Korean scientist in the field of cloning and stem cell medicine, Hwang, was often reported. Hwang falsified the results of his experiments and reports about them published in journals. What was driving this man? The desire to make discoveries in science or still gain fame as a scientist who was the first to successfully clone a dog and human embryonic stem cells? At the end of the last, twentieth century, miracle workers like A. Chumak and A. Kashpirovsky often appeared on television screens. Wasn't it in this mass implementation pseudoscience and, as a consequence, mass intoxication of people? I think that such doctors, “psychotherapists,” are unlikely to be guided by a noble goal. Unfortunately, there are so many of them that this problem has grown to national scale. Several years ago, the Russian Academy of Sciences even organized a Commission to Combat Pseudoscience. In conclusion, I would like to note that the real success of any field of knowledge, activity, any type of art is determined, in my opinion, by moral principles, ethical standards of people.
Text No. 2.
(1) Polya’s inflamed state, and most importantly, her confused, ambiguous speech - everything suggested the worst guesses, much more terrible than even Rodion’s captivity or his mortal wound.
(2) “No, this is completely different,” Polya shuddered and, turning to the wall, took out a crumpled, over-read triangle from under the pillow.
(3) Subsequently, Varya was ashamed of her initial assumptions. (4) Although rare transit trains did not stay in Moscow, the stations were nearby, and Rodion knew Polina’s address. (5) Of course, the command might not have allowed the soldier to leave the train to the Blagoveshchensk dead-end street, then why didn’t he at least write a postcard to his beloved one on his way to the active army?..
(6) So, this was his first news from the front, more than two weeks late. (7) In any case, it will now become clear, with
What thoughts did he have when he went to war? (8) Varya impatiently unfolded the piece of paper, which was all pierced with a pencil—it was apparently written on her knee. (9) I had to go to the lamp to make out the dim, half-finished lines.
(10) Varya immediately came across the main place.
(11) “Perhaps the only reason, my dear, why I was silent all this time was that there was nowhere to settle down,” Rodion wrote briefly, with unexpected completeness and straightforwardly, as in confession. (12) – We are still retreating, retreating day and night, occupying more advantageous defensive positions, as the reports say. (13) I was very sick, and even now I haven’t fully recovered: worse than any shell shock is my disease. (14) The most bitter thing is that I myself am quite healthy, completely intact, there is not a single scratch on me yet. (15) Burn this letter, I can tell you alone in the whole world about this,” Varya turned the page.
(16) The incident happened in a Russian village, which our unit passed through in retreat. (17) I was the last in the company... and maybe the last in the entire army. (18) In front of us on the road stood a local girl of about nine years old, just a child, apparently taught at school to love the Red Army... (19) Of course, she did not really understand the strategic situation. (20) She ran up to us with wildflowers, and, as it happened, I got them. (21) She had such inquisitive, questioning eyes - it’s a thousand times easier to look at the midday sun, but I forced myself to take the bouquet, because I’m not a coward, I swear to you by my mother, Polenka, that I’m not a coward. (22) I closed my eyes, but took it from her, abandoned to the mercy of the enemy... (23) Since then, I have kept that dried broom with me constantly, on my body,
It’s like I’m carrying fire in my bosom, I’ll tell you to put it in the grave with me if anything happens. (24) I thought I would bleed seven times before I became a man, but this is how it happens, dry... and this is the font of maturity! - (25) Then two lines came across that were completely illegible. - (26) And I don’t know, Polenka, whether my whole life will be enough to pay for that gift...”
(27) “Yes, he has grown up a lot, your Rodion, you’re right...” Varya said, folding the letter, because with such a line of thinking, it is unlikely that this soldier would be capable of any reprehensible act.
(28) Hugging, the girlfriends listened to the rustling of the rain and the rare, fading beeps of cars. (29) The topic of the conversation was the events of the past day: what opened on central square an exhibition of captured aircraft, an unfilled crater on Veselykh Street, as they had become accustomed to calling it among themselves, Gastello, whose selfless feat resounded throughout the country in those days. (According to L. Leonov*)
Essay No. 2.
Every person goes through a process of growing up at a certain period in his life. Most people mature over a period of years, gradually gaining life experience. Someone becomes an adult quickly, performing, for example, some heroic act. And for only a few, growing up occurs instantly, unexpectedly. The problem of a person growing up cannot leave anyone indifferent, including the famous Russian writer, author of the novel “Russian Forest” Leonid Leonov. It does not depend on time, on a person’s nationality and on what country he is a resident of. What does growing up depend on? So, reflecting on the reasons late maturation of today's young people, we can say that today many boys and girls are surrounded by the care of loved ones who ensure their material well-being and mental comfort; most of them do not feel a sense of responsibility for others, do not know wars and famine. But it is war that often makes a person an adult, forcing him to make responsible decisions. Thus, the hero of the presented text becomes an adult precisely during the war. Leonid Leonov, reflecting on the problem of a person growing up, shows the conditions - unusual, unexpected - of this growing up. He claims that it is not necessary to “bleed seven times” to become a man.
Sometimes it is enough for a young man to receive a modest bouquet of flowers from a little girl in order to feel responsible not only for himself, but also for such children, the desire to protect them, to save them from terrible trouble. It is difficult to disagree with the author's position. Growing up can sometimes happen unexpectedly to a person, and war often serves, figuratively speaking, as a catalyst for gaining maturity. To confirm this you cangive a number of arguments. If we turnto the epic novel by L.N. Tolstoy "War andworld",then, of course, let's remember the youngPetya Rostova, who at the age of fifteen, despite the persuasion of his family,voluntarilywent to war with the French to stand up for the Fatherland, to protect his loved ones from the enemy. FromValentin Kataev's story “Son of the Regiment”,dedicated to another Patriotic War, we find out thatits hero, Vanya Solntsev, who lost all his loved ones during wartime and found himself in territory occupied by the Nazis, having had a hard time, finally ends up in a battery of reconnaissance officers, commanded by Captain Enakiev. He, just a boy, having become the son of a regiment, fights bravely, goes, risking his life, to the German rear. War makes this child an adult, ready to stand up for the Motherland, for the lives of people. The main thing that unites these so different heroes, - their thoughts, feelings, desire to be needed by their Fatherland at a time of difficult trials. There is something to learn from people like Petya Rostov and Vanya Solntsev, and there is something to envy many of my peers!
Text No. 3.
(1) Each of us has times in our lives when the natural loneliness given to us by nature suddenly begins to seem painful and bitter to us: you feel abandoned and helpless by everyone, you are looking for a friend, but there is no friend... (2) And then You ask yourself in amazement and confusion: how could it happen that all my life I loved, fought and suffered, and, most importantly, served a great goal - and found no sympathy, no understanding, no friend? (3) Why is the unity of the idea, mutual trust and common love did not bind me with anyone into a living unity of spirit, strength and help?..
(4) Then a desire awakens in the soul to find out how other people’s lives are going: do they find real friends or not? (5) How did people live before? before us? (6) And hasn’t the beginning of friendship been lost in our days?
(7) Sometimes it seems that it is modern man I am decidedly not created for friendship and incapable of it. (8) And in the end, you inevitably come to the main question: what is real friendship, what does it consist of and what is it based on?
(9) There are “friendships” based on joint gossip or mutual outpouring of complaints. (10) But there is also the “friendship” of flattery, the “friendship” of vanity, the “friendship” of patronage, the “friendship” of slander, the “friendship” of preference and the “friendship” of drinking buddies. (11) Sometimes one borrows, and the other lends - and both consider themselves “friends”. (12) “The hand washes the hand,” people do things and things together, not trusting each other too much, and think that they have “made friends.” (13) People collide with each other in life and bounce off each other, like wooden balls. (14) Mysterious fate lifts them up like earthly dust and carries them through living space into an unknown distance, and they play out the comedy of “friendship” in the tragedy of universal loneliness. (15) For without living love people are like dead dust.
(16) But true friendship breaks through this loneliness, overcomes it and frees a person to living and creative love. (17) True friendship... (18) If only you knew how it begins and arises... (19) If only people knew how to value it and strengthen it...
(20) There is only one force in the world that can overcome a person’s loneliness: this force is love. (21) In the world there is only one opportunity to emerge from the dust of life and resist its whirlwind; this is spiritual life. (According to I. Ilyin)*
Essay No. 3.
In the article “On Friendship,” the Russian Christian philosopher and publicist I.A. Ilyin discusses the most important moral and ethical topics: about loneliness and friendship, love and spirituality. the main problem, which I will discuss, is formulated in the title of the article and in the 8th sentence: “... what is real friendship, what does it consist of and what is it based on?”
At the beginning of the article, the author bitterly says that loneliness is common to all creative people. In 2-5 sentences, he writes about himself, summarizing the conditions of lonely people: “... all his life he loved, fought and... served a great goal.” So why “the unity of ideas, mutual trust and joint love did not bind me with anyone into a living unity of spirit, strength and help,” the philosopher asks bitterly. Was there friendship “before us?” and “isn’t the beginning of friendship lost precisely in our days,” the philosopher passionately wants to know. In 9-15 sentences, the author sarcastically classifies unfriendship, because common gossip, complaints in a vest, patronage, joint slander, drinking companions, preference, joint small and large fraud - this is not friendship, but “the comedy of friendship in the tragedy of universal loneliness.” I partially agree with this. Prince Hamlet had a true, faithful friend Horatio and two vile traitors - Rosenkratz and Guildenstern. An example of a real strong friendship was the relationship between the students of the lyceum where Pushkin studied. The poems and song of the largest bard of the 20th century, V Vysotsky, became the anthem of male friendship:
Take the guy to the mountains, take him.
Don't leave him alone.
Let him be in a relationship with you,
There you will understand who he is.
And the friendship of Prince Bolkonsky and Pierre Bezukhov?! Isn’t this proof that “true friendship breaks through” loneliness and revives a person to life, activity and love? Thus, at the end of the article, the author concisely formulates the theses of friendship, with which I completely agree. To be friends, you must be able to love. Which is also a gift, “for without living love people are like dead dust.” And only spiritual life contributes to strong friendship and deep love.
Text No. 4.
(1) 60 years have passed since the end of World War II... (2) Psychologists say that human memory keeps information related to it in its storage rooms longer positive aspects life. (3) Maybe this is because a person is still born for happiness, friendship and love, for which it is necessary for him to maintain good feelings towards the world around him and discard everything that provokes embitterment and bitterness in him.
(4) The war years are passing further and further, the ranks of those who took part in the war have completely thinned out, and in external attributes Everyday life Everything that reminds of her gradually disappears. (5) In general, life on Earth cannot be called peaceful, because here and there conflicts of varying duration and sizes, local wars, in which blood is shed and people die, constantly arise. (6) But, fortunately, there has not been a global war similar in scale to that war in these 60 years, and therefore a new generation is growing up, which plots past war can excite no more than an action-horror movie. (7) And thank God that people are already growing up who do not know the fear of the sky, bomb shelters - everything that their grandparents experienced. (8) But in order for them to take up the baton of the struggle for peace and preserve it for their generation and the generation of their children, they must not live without looking back.
(9) The world is structured in such a way that evil somehow finds a place for itself next to good. (10) There was a huge tree growing near my house. (11) The crown was luxurious, and the foot resembled a deserted mound with dried, gray soil, cut through by branches of roots crawling to the surface. (12) This picture stopped making me happy, and I surrounded the foot with a rocky fence, planting simple, unpretentious, but very beautiful flowers in the same dried soil. (13) And the flowers began to grow and bloom slowly according to the laws of their nature. (14) But I was extremely surprised that right there, where nothing had grown before, a weed grew in lush, aggressive color, which, no matter how much you pluck, advances and advances, trying to displace the delicate flowers or overshadow their beauty... (15) So in nature, and so in the human world. (16) This cannot be ignored, but one should not put up with it.
(17) People are born for happiness, peace and love! (18) However, evil forces appear among them who want to hinder the harmony between them and disrupt their peace and tranquility. (19) Leo Tolstoy in “War and Peace” wrote that evil is aggressive and offensive, therefore the forces of good should not relax and must be prepared to confront. (20) And that is why we must not forget the tragic and majestic pages of history, in order to learn from mistakes and be proud of victories, in order to preserve and pass on from generation to generation the experience that may always be needed.
(21) And that is why people of good will, uniting in various forms of communities, try to preserve the past in their memory in ways available to them, so that through its lessons and examples they can affirm the principles of philanthropy, solidarity, and friendship.
(22) Statement “No one is forgotten and nothing is forgotten!” - this is a call to ensure that no one is forgotten and nothing is forgotten. (23) This is extremely relevant now, when the world is threatened by terrorism of unprecedented scale and cynicism.
24) In the era of globalization of the life of earthlings, the theme of war and peace takes on new dimensions, previously unknown aspects. (25) And therefore, today, turning to the theme of Victory is more relevant than ever before, because the Great Victory made its contribution to the system of fundamental eternal, enduring values, showing how powerful and invincible the people of the Earth are when they are guided by the wisdom of searching for ways to unite the forces of good and humanism against evil and misanthropy. (26) And thanks to these values, to paraphrase B. Okudzhava, we can say that “the Earth is still spinning,” and thanks to them, “the Light is still ... bright.”(According to L. Sailor)
Essay No. 4.
Many years have passed since the volleys of Victory died down over our great Motherland. But people remember the war and go to the monuments of soldiers who died defending the Fatherland, and lay flowers, remember those who gave their lives for peace on Earth. Why can’t we forget the past war? The author tries to answer this very important question in the modern unstable world. L. Sailor complains that the ranks of those who took part in the war have thinned out, everything that reminds of it is disappearing. And although life on Earth cannot be called peaceful, a generation of people has grown up who do not know “the fear of the sky, of bomb shelters.” But next to good, evil finds a place for itself. The author compares life human society with nature: weeds grow next to delicate flowers, she recalls L.N. Tolstoy, who in “War and Peace” wrote that evil is aggressive and offensive, therefore “the forces of good should not relax and must be prepared to confront.”The author, recalling the Great Patriotic War, thanks God for the fact that a new generation of people is growing up for whom the events of the past war are nothing more than an “action-horror movie.” But in order to preserve peace “for their generation and the generation of their children,” writes L. Matros, “people should not live without looking back.” What does the author mean? The fact that everything that reminds of The Second World War, the memory of those grandiose events, the feat of the people in the holy war is fading.The writer convinces readers that memory plays a huge role in people’s lives, that tragic and majestic pages of history should not be forgotten, in order to learn from mistakes and be proud of victories.The author’s point of view is not difficult to determine: in order for peace to reign on Earth, it is necessary to preserve the memory of the past in order to affirm the principles of humanity and friendship through its lessons and examples.I am confident in the correctness of this vision of the lessons of history, because we must remember at what cost the Victory was won, remember that good must always defeat evil.It is difficult to disagree with the opinion of L. Matros.It is unlikely that anyone will deny the fact thatthe role of memory in modern world, full of cynicism and misanthropy, is extremely great.What arguments can be given to support this thesis?I find a striking example of the fact that memory plays a huge role in a person’s life in Mikhail Sholokhov’s story “The Fate of a Man.” Andrei Sokolov, having gone through the hell of the Great Patriotic War, having lost his wife and children, adopted Vanyusha. Good defeated evil! I read it, and tears well up in my eyes. We remember our heroes - the people who defended the country and gave us Victory.A striking example of the fact that memory has played and continues to play a huge role in people’s lives can be found in A.P. Chekhov’s story “The Student.” Ivan Velikopolsky, a student at the theological seminary, telling random parishioners on the eve of Easter the Gospel episode about Peter’s treacherous denial of Jesus, sees how unusual the reaction of these women is: they cry bitterly... The seminarian realizes that the memory of the past is inextricably linked with the present.Having written the great epic novel “War and Peace,” Leo Tolstoy reminded his people and all of humanity about the lessons of history and the price paid for the Victory in the Patriotic War of 1812. And for us, readers of the 21st century, the events of that time are so obvious, close and important that we seem to feel a connection with our ancestors. Consequently, the role of memory in the life of society is enormous.In V. Rasputin’s work “On the Kulikovo Field” the problem of memory is also raised. Having entered the sacred land of the Kulikovo Field, where Rus' freed itself from slavery and defended itself as a nation, the hero of the essay was amazed at his feelings and sensations. The event that took place several centuries ago became so close and obvious to him that he seemed to feel the presence of his ancestors, his connection with them.Thus, I can conclude that the role of memory in the life of society is enormous.
Text No. 5.
(1) As a child, I hated matinees, because my father came to our kindergarten. (2) He sat on a chair near the Christmas tree, played his button accordion for a long time, trying to find the right melody, and our teacher sternly told him: “Valery Petrovich, higher!” (3) All the guys looked at my father and choked with laughter. (4) He was small, plump, began to go bald early, and although he never drank, for some reason his nose was always beet red, like a clown’s. (5) Children, when they wanted to talk about someone, that he was funny and ugly, they said: “He looks like Ksyushka’s dad!” (6) And I, first in kindergarten and then at school, bore the heavy cross of my father’s absurdity. (7) Everything would be fine (you never know what kind of fathers!), but it was unpleasant for me why he, an ordinary mechanic, came to see us matinees with his stupid accordion. (8) I would play at home and not disgrace either myself or my daughter! (9) Often getting confused, he groaned thinly, like a woman, and a guilty smile appeared on his round face. (10) I was ready to fall through the ground from shame and behaved emphatically coldly, showing with my appearance that this ridiculous man with a red nose had nothing to do with me. (11) I was in the third grade when I caught a bad cold. (12) I started getting otitis media. (13) I screamed in pain and hit my head with my palms. (14) Mom called an ambulance, and at night we went to the regional hospital. (15) On the way we got into a terrible snowstorm, the car got stuck, and the driver began to scream shrilly, like a woman, that now we would all freeze. (16) He screamed. shrilly, almost crying, and I thought that his ears hurt too. (17) Father asked how long it was left to the regional center. (18) But the driver, covering his face with his hands, kept repeating: “What a fool I am!” (19) Father thought and quietly said to me: “We will need all the courage!” (20) I remembered these words for the rest of my life, although wild pain swirled around me like a snowflake in a snowstorm. (21) He opened the car door and went out into the roaring night. (22) The door slammed behind him, and it seemed to me as if a huge monster, clanging its jaws, swallowed my father. (23) The car was rocked by gusts of wind, snow fell with a rustling sound on the frosted windows. (24) I cried, my mother kissed me with cold lips, the young nurse looked doomedly into the impenetrable darkness, and the driver shook his head in exhaustion. (25) I don’t know how much time passed, but suddenly the night was illuminated by bright headlights, and the long shadow of some giant fell on my face.
(26) I closed my eyes and saw my father through my eyelashes. (27) He took me in his arms and pressed me to him. (28) In a whisper, he told his mother that he had reached the regional center, raised everyone to their feet and returned with an all-terrain vehicle. (29) I dozed in his arms and through my sleep I heard him coughing. (30) Then no one attached any importance to this. (31) And for a long time afterwards he suffered from double pneumonia.
(32)…My children are perplexed why, when decorating the Christmas tree, I always cry. (33) From the darkness of the past, my father comes to me, he sits under the tree and puts his head on the button accordion, as if he secretly wants to see his daughter among the tense crowd of children and smiles cheerfully at her. (34) I look at his face shining with happiness and I also want I smile at him, but instead I start crying. (According to N. Aksenova)
Essay No. 5.
Why don't we always understand our parents? Why are we ashamed of the manifestation of their deep feelings towards us? In her text, N. Aksyonova raises the problem of children’s misunderstanding of selfless parental love. The problem raised by the author is relevant at all times. It is not for nothing that it is classified as “eternal”. Relationships between parents and children are difficult when the latter do not understand, and often do not want to understand and accept loved ones for who they are. The author notes with bitterness,that very often children show spiritual callousness, even cruelty towards their closest and loving people. The heroine of the text behaves “emphatically coldly” with her father and is ashamed of him. He calls the closest person “this ridiculous man with a red nose,” “a clown with a stupid accordion.” The heroine, feeling sorry for herself, is forced to bear the “heavy cross of her father’s absurdity.” N. Aksenova believes that without realizing the value of parental love it is impossible to achieve understanding. I completely agree with the author of the text. Parents often suffer from the fact that we move away from them, don’t trust them with our thoughts, and offend them with inattention. The realization of selfless parental love comes too late, when it is no longer possible to ask for forgiveness and smile in response. This feeling of repentance is experienced by the heroine of the text: “I look at his face shining with happiness and also want to smile at him, but instead I start crying.” And the children of the grown heroine of the story look at her in bewilderment, not understanding their mother. Memory usually preserves happy and joyful moments in life. It makes me happy to remember the smiling faces of my parents, to think about it, to write. But I know that my father will not forget the harsh words that I spoke to him many times; I know that my mother is acutely worried about my mood swings. My parents love me with all their hearts, patiently enduring the difficulties of my age. The problem of difficult relationships between parents and children is reflected in the literature. L.N. Tolstoy, I.S. Turgenev, and A.S. Pushkin wrote about this. I want to turn to A. Vampilov’s play “The Eldest Son,” where the author shows the attitude of children towards their father. Both son and daughter openly consider their father a loser, an eccentric, and are indifferent to his experiences and feelings. The father silently endures everything, finds excuses for all the ungrateful actions of the children, asks them only for one thing: not to leave him alone. The main character of the play sees how someone else's family is being destroyed before his eyes, and sincerely tries to help the kindest man - his father. His intervention helps to survive difficult period in children's relationships with to a loved one. “You are all my best children,” the father says touchingly, hugging his “eldest son.” In conclusion, I want to say how important it isto say in time about your love for your dearest people, how important it is to linger for a moment to give a smile to your mother, warm words to your father... We must treat our parents in such a way as not to regret and repent, like the heroine of the text, when it is too late. Obedience and respect are not enough for this; our unselfish and selfless love is necessary for this.
Text No. 6.
(1) When I look at my school photographs, I smile shyly. (2) Is it really me that timid, sharp-nosed creature with funny freckles on her cheeks, who looks at me in fear with myopic eyes?
(3) I was always alone at school. (4) I didn’t have girlfriends, the boys avoided me. (5) I still don’t know why this happened. (b) I seemed to dress with taste, skillfully used cosmetics, and studied well. (7) And she didn’t turn up her nose like other excellent students... (8) But for some reason, there was always a wall between me and my classmates. (9) How many tears I shed, how painful it was for me from the cold indifference that surrounded me.
(10) But one day a miracle happened. (11) The most real! (12) Like in a good fairy tale! (13) I came to the first lesson. (14) Without looking at anyone, she took out a textbook and notebook from her bag and put them on the table. (15) And only then did I see a green stem peeking out from under the table cover. (16) It was a rose! (17) She smelled of the lake, and the velvet petals concealed someone’s gentle warmth. (18) Nearby lay a postcard with the inscription: “You are the most beautiful! (19) I, gasping with joyful surprise, looked around. (20) But my classmates seemed to be even more surprised than me. (21) They, numb, looked as if they had seen an extremely rare trick and were now waiting for its solution...
(22) From then on, everything went differently for me. (23) Life became more transparent and joyful, I knew that someone’s loving eyes were looking at me, (24) I graduated from school with a gold medal, entered the university, got married, gave birth to children... (25) Every time, when I came to my city, I asked former classmates, do they know who put the rose on my desk? (26) But in response, the stern, respectable men only shrugged their shoulders. (27) Who is that unknown admirer who never confessed his feelings to me? (28) The mystery of a rose given by who knows who still worries me...
(29) I'm flying on an airplane. (30) Clouds float below me, nearby, in an impenetrable void, the stars shine, behind them swirls infinity. (31) I’m flying home to my children, and, looking at the sky, I don’t see distant stars, flickering innights, and red roses. (32) Roses planted for people like me, who one day just needed to say: “You are the most beautiful!” (33) I lick a warm tear from my lips and whisper “thank you” to the kind wizard who once touched my numb soul with his tenderness. (34) Above me hangs the sky, below me, illuminated by city lights, the earth sleeps, and I, like a ray of warm, kind sun, fly through infinity. (According to E. Kochneva)
Essay No. 6.
Some people very often feel like an “ugly duckling” in society. But always kind and loved. So E. Kochneva in her text raises the problem of the need for the life-giving power of goodness and love. What changes took place in the heroine’s soul after the miracle she encountered? The problem put forward by the author is psychological, affecting very important aspect human life. The impressions a person receives in childhood and relationships with peers have a profound impact on him. later life, determine his attitude to the world, to people, to himself. So a miracle happened to the heroine of the text, E. Kochneva, which changed her entire future life: “I lick a warm tear from my lips and whisper “thank you” to the kind wizard who once touched my numb soul with his tenderness.”
It is impossible not to agree with this author’s thought in the words of the heroine, because the most important thing for a person is relationships in society, and most importantly, the support and attention of others. Let us remember Vera Sheina, main character A. Kuprin's story " Garnet bracelet" A gift sent by an unknown lover—a garnet bracelet—caused Vera a storm of indignation. People close to the princess considered the poor telegraph operator who gave the bracelet to be abnormal, a maniac. And when her secret admirer dies, Vera realizes that the love she dreamed of all her life has passed by. One day I also received poems with a declaration of love as a gift. The poems were “raw”, without much rhyme, but they left a mark on my soul. Unfortunately, I also still don’t know who wrote these inept but very touching lines. What a pity! Who are you, answer me! In childhood, in adolescence, we are always like “ ugly ducklings" And the “ugly duckling” turns into beautiful swan! Everyone expects a miracle (even those who don’t admit it). Tomorrow I’ll open the door, and there... And my life will change! Exactly! I know... I feel...
Text No. 7.
(1) One day an Eagle flew onto a farm where a flock of sparrows lived. (2) The sparrows flocked to look at the king of birds and listen to what he had to say. (3) And the Eagle began to talk about other worlds and other life. (4) The sparrows listened and listened, but could not understand anything. (5) Then one sparrow came forward and said: “You are talking about something interesting, but alien to us. You’d better talk about the farms and how life goes on in these beautiful places.”
(6) The Eagle looked around with his keen eye and saw a huge farm, in the pens of which fat, dirty, grunting animals were jostling. (7) Some trampled down the mud or rolled in it, others jostled around the feeders, slurping and squealing.
(8) And then the Eagle said to the sparrows:
I considered sparrows to be birds, because they are endowed with wings and flew to you to tell you about other worlds and to invite you with you to unknown distances, to incomprehensible heights. (9) But, unfortunately, I found not birds, but creatures with wings that use God's gift to get by somewhere and somehow. (10) And they fly not in vast expanses, but in pens, and they see not wonderful worlds, but pigsties, and they live not with their own kind, but with a herd of pigs. (11) And they are not worthy to wear proud name birds, for there is no aspiration in their wings, in their gaze and in their heart.
(12) The sparrows were outraged by such speeches, flew up in a cloud over the Eagle and began to peck at it. (13) Then the Eagle spread its wings, soared into the sky and disappeared into its heights, all that could be heard to the ground: “Short wing - low flight”...
(14) And the sparrows returned to their nests under the roof of the farm and again chirped in the bushes.
(15) Man is given eyes, but they do not see beyond the desires of the body. (16) Man is given reason, but he does not rush beyond the human gaze.
Essay No. 7.
Why do people use what is given to them from God only to get by somewhere and somehow, why don’t they strive for incomprehensible heights? The author of the text “Eagle and Sparrows” thinks about these questions, reflecting on the problem of lack of interest in everything new and more modern. He, citing birds as an example, but meaning people by them, tries to convince the reader that many people stop at what they have already acquired, live a boring, monotonous life, not striving for something unknown or unattainable. The main character of the text, Eagle, tells the Sparrows living on the farm about other worlds and invites them to go with them into unknown distances. But the little birds with short wings do not understand him and are indignant at these speeches. “Man is given eyes, but they do not see beyond the desires of the body. Reason is given to man, but it does not rush beyond the human gaze” - this is the main idea text and the author's position. I agree with his opinion and believe that you should never stop there, you need to improve and expand your horizons. I will prove this with several examples. I would like to recall I. A. Goncharov’s novel “Oblomov”, in which the main character lies on the sofa within “four walls” and does not at all want to “move forward”, somehow change his life in better side. Even love couldn't fix anything. As further evidence of my opinion and the opinion of the author, one can recall M. Gorky’s play “At the Depths”. This work perfectly reflects the problem of the parable text “The Eagle and the Sparrows.” The main characters of the play listen to the unknown wanderer just as little birds listen to the proud high-flying bird, and they just don’t understand beautiful speeches about something unknown and new. Thus, what I want to say is that people should not use what God has given them only for a humble existence. Let everyone live and know that there are still many interesting things in the world. We simply must strive for something new, for the unknown, otherwise our small world will be covered by a wave of monotony, dullness and boredom.
Text No. 8.
(1) A child’s toy has always had an important influence on the formation of a child’s soul. (2) Indeed, she cultivated patience and caution, dexterity and attention; the child unconsciously gained an understanding of cause-and-effect relationships, the essence of human relations, and the complex structure of the world. (3) The toy is a spiritual image of an ideal life, an ideal world; it affirms good and predetermines the distinction between good and evil. (4) In addition, a toy is also a means of education, entertainment and even treatment.
(5) But is it so lucky? to the modern child, who is literally bombarded by the varied and tempting world of toys? Of course, now every child lives in a world that is much brighter and more diverse than his peers two hundred, one hundred or even thirty years ago. (7) In fact, there are bright covers of books and magazines all around, colored billboards on the street, and at home - felt-tip pens and pencils, colorful clothes and, of course, a variety of toys, sometimes the most unimaginable colors and shapes. (8) I'm not even talking about the TV screen, the computer monitor with their riot of colors, unnatural angles and graphic solutions. (9) Colors, shapes change, pictures, objects, faces flash. (10) And the child’s delicate psyche cannot cope - the perception of color and sound, smell and touch, the idea of good and bad, kind and evil are deformed.
(11) Unfortunately, a modern toy essentially becomes an anti-toy: it contains the idea of possession, rather than joyful comprehension of the world. (12) Psychologists unanimously insist that a generation is growing up raised on toys that cause irreparable harm to the child’s soul. (13) Ninja Turtles, transforming robots, Batman, Spider-Man - these toys atrophy the ability to believe, compassion, empathy, mercy and contribute to the accumulation of aggressive fantasies, which are often realized by a child in life in relation to the weaker. (14) Having become an adult, he, in my opinion, will already be programmed to serve those whose plastic likenesses he gave the first moments of play in his life and with whose help he understands the world.
(15) But a toy is not fun. (16) It puts the initial concepts of good and evil into the soul, gives vivid images of the world, and the formation of moral qualities personality. (17) A toy should create conditions for development, leaving the opportunity for independent creativity. (18) It is necessary to teach goodness and beauty, wisdom and the ability to empathize.
Essay No. 8.
Why does a child need a toy, and what should it be? The author thinks about these questions, reflecting on the problem of the child’s initial perception of the world around him and the subsequent reflection of this perception in the activities of an already formed person. The compiler of this text, giving examples, tries to convince the reader that a toy greatly influences a child’s character; it helps to get an idea of cause-and-effect relationships, the essence of human mutual understanding, and the complex structure of the world. The author talks about modern toys, which are becoming inherently anti-toys; they contain only the idea of possession, and not a joyful comprehension of the world. Such toys contribute to the accumulation of aggression and its further influence on someone. “But a toy is not fun. It implants in the soul the initial concepts of good and evil, gives vivid images of the world, and the formation of a person’s moral qualities often depends on what they are like.” This is the author's position. I agree with his opinion and believe that, of course, a toy should have a positive influence on the child’s character, instill only good qualities in him. human qualities. To prove this, I will give several examples. Let us remember the story by V.G. Korolenko “In a Bad Society.” In it, a boy from a family of considerable wealth brings his sister’s doll to the dying girl Marusya. It seems that thanks to her, the terminally ill girl lived several days longer. The toy, if it didn’t save you, then at least encouraged you to fight the disease and simply brightened up the last days and hours of your life with a piece of little happiness. I would also like to tell you about an old friend of mine. Since the birth of his child, he bought him only the most modern models of robots, monsters, computer games suspicious content. The baby grew up in constant aggression, his perception of the world around him was disrupted. Now this boy is studying in the second grade, not striving for knowledge, but striving to offend the weaker in his interactions with classmates. These are the consequences of toys that have a detrimental effect on a growing, developing organism. I would like to advise young parents to buy their offspring only “good” toys that do not cause aggression and evil. Otherwise there won’t be any left on Earth good people capable of truly human actions.
Text No. 9.
Most often, a person is looking for his dream, but it also happens that a dream finds a person. Like a disease, like the flu virus. It seems that Kolka Velin never looked at the sky with bated breath, and the voices of birds soaring in the blue heights did not make his heart tremble. He was an ordinary student, moderately diligent and diligent, went to school without much enthusiasm, was quieter than water in class, loved to fish...
Everything changed in one day. He suddenly decided that he would become a pilot.
In a remote, remote village, where the nearest station is more than a hundred kilometers away, where any trip becomes a whole journey, this very thought seemed madness. The life path of every person here was smooth and straight: after school, boys received a license to drive a tractor and became machine operators, and the bravest ones completed driving courses and worked as drivers in the village. Traveling on the ground is the destiny of man. And then fly on an airplane! They looked at Kolka as an eccentric, and the father hoped that the absurd idea would somehow disappear from his son’s head by itself. You never know what we want in our youth! Life is a cruel thing, it will put everything in its place and indifferently, like a painter, will paint over with gray paint our ardent dreams drawn in our youth. But Kolka did not give up. He dreamed of silver wings carrying him over the wet snow of clouds, and thick elastic air, clean and cold, like spring water, filled his lungs.
After High school prom he went to the station, bought a ticket to Orenburg and took the night train to enroll in a flight school. Kolka woke up early in the morning from horror. Horror, like a boa constrictor, squeezed his numb body with cold rings and dug its toothy mouth into his very chest. Kolka went down from the top shelf, looked out the window, and he became even more scared. Trees protruding from the semi-darkness stretched crooked hands to the glass, narrow lanes, like gray steppe vipers, crawled through the bushes, and from the sky, filled to the brim with shreds of tattered clouds, darkness flowed down to the ground in purple-black paint. Where am I going? What will I do there alone? Kolka imagined that he would now be dropped off and he would find himself in the boundless emptiness of an uninhabited planet...
Arriving at the station, he bought a return ticket that same day and returned home two days later. Everyone reacted calmly to his return, without mockery, but also without sympathy. I feel a little sorry for the money spent on tickets, but I went, looked, checked myself, calmed down, and will now throw all nonsense out of my head and become a normal person. These are the laws of life: everything that flies up sooner or later returns to the ground. A stone, a bird, a dream - everything comes back...
Kolka got a job at the forestry enterprise, got married, is now raising two daughters, and goes fishing on weekends. Sitting on the bank of a muddy river, he looks at jet planes flying silently in the sky and immediately determines: here is a MiG, and there is a Su. His heart groans from aching pain, he wants to jump higher and at least once take a sip of that freshness that the sky generously feeds the birds. But there are fishermen sitting nearby, and he timidly hides his excited gaze, puts the worm on the hook, and then waits patiently for it to start biting. (According to S. Mizerov)
Essay No. 9.
In this text, S. Mizerov talks about how choice is born life path.
Does the environment influence a person's choice of life path? What prevents him from staying true to his dream? The author of the text thinks about these questions. He invites us to reflect on this moral problem that is urgent for us. S. Mizerov believes that the influence of everyday traditions and habits often forces a person to change his dream and does not allow him to fully realize his abilities. The hero of the story, Kolka Velin, could not overcome the feeling of fear of the new, he betrayed his dream and became like everyone else. It is difficult to disagree with the author of the text. Often a person gets lost in the face of difficulties. And he, in my opinion, should not just want something, but strive to realize his dream. And then the realized dream will make his life fuller, more interesting. The hero of the story by B. Polevoy, pilot Alexey Meresyev (aka Alexey Maresyev in life), left without legs, dreamed of flying. How much he had to suffer to get back at the helm of the plane! Maria from V. Zakrutkin’s story “Mother of Man”, in incredibly difficult conditions, dreaming of surviving and preserving an unborn child as a memory of the past, was able to overcome her fear and give life to a new person.
You don’t need to give up, lose your composure, but you need to believe in your strength, in your dream, and then your heart won’t groan from “aching pain.”
Text No. 10.
(1) Once I asked one artist why children’s faces on the canvases of old masters are so mature. (2) Madonna or just some woman is holding a child in her arms or leading him by the hand, his body is very small, and his eyes look serious.
(3) The artist answered me something like this. (4) The old masters and, in general, the great painters of the past saw in the baby, first of all, a person. (5) After all, the main thing in every baby is not that he is a child, but that he is a human child. (6) And his human life is difficult, complex. (7) Of course, childhood is the dawn of life, it is happiness. (8) But the child himself does not realize this happiness. (9) Were you happy as a child?
(10) After listening to her, I became thoughtful. (11) Of course, there was some overlap in her words. (12) But when I began to sort through the sad and happy impressions of my childhood in my memory, there were very few happy ones. (13) And the reason for this was not the parents, not those around, not the difficulties of the era. (14) I simply had no time to be happy.
(15) Well, then what about the “golden childhood”? (16) “Golden childhood” is a firmly established formula.
(17) What if the myth of a golden childhood was invented by adult uncles and aunts who had forgotten their childhood years? (18) After all, if everyone were cloudlessly happy in childhood, then children would grow up to be stupid adults. (19) Meanwhile, we live in a society of reasonable, talented, capable, smart, intelligent, thinking people - and this is in all areas of life.
(20) Childhood is a time of very intense study (“learning,” as they say now), a time of mastering and mastering existence. (21) Life as a child is very interesting and very difficult. (22) A colossal flow of information, sensations, and experiences pours into consciousness, and everything needs to be sorted out, but there is still very little mental strength and experience. (23) All the time there are mistakes, mistakes, miscalculations, confusion. (24) The joy of comprehending something is instantly replaced by new searches and new mistakes.
(25) Someone said that every person is the whole world. (26) But man lays the foundation of this world very early. (27) We have to move the heaviest stones in childhood, then bricks will begin to form. (28) And in old age, from the height of adulthood, these stones begin to seem light to us, like feathers, and we begin to remember our golden childhood.(According to V. Shefner)
Essay No. 10.
One night I had a dream: I was five years old, and I was building castles in a sandbox without any worries. In the morning I woke up with thoughts about how good it is to be little: your mother is taking you to kindergarten, and you timidly, still yawning, stomp along the path, not thinking about anything at that moment. But I had to think about it after reading the text by Vadim Sergeevich Shefner. A logical question immediately arose: why is childhood traditionally called the “golden age”? This socio-moral, very important, in my opinion, problem forced the author to reflect. He thinks that as a person accumulates life experience, the difficulties that he overcame in childhood seem insignificant, and therefore childhood seems to be a carefree, “golden time.” I agree with the opinion of Vadim Shefner. After all, this is really the most beautiful time in the life of absolutely every person. I walk along the road and see children frolicking. I want, I really want to run, jump with them, plunge into that “cloudless” atmosphere when there is nothing in the world except dolls, a ball and cartoons. Many times I have heard the song by Yu. Shatunov: “Childhood, childhood, where are you running?” Childhood, childhood, where are you in a hurry? I haven’t had enough of playing with you yet, childhood, childhood, wait, wait!” Yes, this is a game that will definitely remain in the memory. And let’s remember L. Tolstoy’s story “Childhood”, where the great classic shares vivid memories of his “golden time”. Now I am sixteen years old. In a year I will graduate from school, and the doors of childhood will close forever for me. But they will not close in my heart, in my thoughts, in my soul.
Text No. 11.
Andrei saw how from the narrow carriage doors with vertical awkward steps some women in white coats, military men in pea coats and boots, and just people in dark quilted jackets carried children out and stood them down, sat them down, or even laid them right next to the rails on the ground.
Siege... Leningrad... They brought it from Vologda... - it was said in the crowd, next to Andrey.
Nobody reacted to these words. Everyone knew what a blockade was and what Leningrad was. But there was something about the children that people, even those who had not heard the last words, stopped and froze, unable to take their eyes off. And more and more people came and stood there, lining up on the edge of the platform and forgetting about their train.
People saw everything in the war. It was impossible to surprise or amaze them with anything. But they looked, and who would look at them: so much pain, sorrow, painful pity, shock, suffering, but also bitter joy was in their eyes. For, even though these were children of war, pitiful scorches on the black ashes, they were alive; children saved and taken out of the disastrous flame, and this meant rebirth and hope for the future, without which these people, also different on the platform, could not continue to live.
The children were also different. But something united them all. Not only the unusual complexion, merging with the fallen snow, not only the eyes, in which the eternal horror of the blockade froze, as if frozen, not only the strange, unopened mouths. There was one more thing about them, something in common - both in their appearance, and in the same faces, and in the lips, and in the eyes, and something else that could only be seen not individually, but only when they were all together, and that it was expressed in how they behaved towards each other and towards adults, how they stood, how they held hands, lined up in a column - and one can put it this way: children of war. A terrible combination of two unnatural, impossible words. Children here, by their presence, expressed the lowest, most hellish, destructive essence of the war: it struck in the embryo, in the bud, for all other children who were not born, for all generations that did not yet exist.
But these people, who were now standing in a column, teaming up two by two, ready to set off on an unknown journey, had survived! Survived! God forbid! They were messengers from there, from the future, bringing people standing on the other side of the platform, on this still military side of life, hope for the future, no matter what.
In a strange, oscillating thin stream, following the thin dark woman, the blockade soldiers flowed along the rails further and further towards the city. And in every tiny person, wrapped in rags, there was, despite the timidity of the first steps, a weak swaying - causing the living stream to stretch, then shrink, and pulsate, and break to merge again - an inextricable connection with others, friend with the friend with whom they were now walking, clasping their blue fingers so that no one could open them, but also with the people on the platform, and with this silent station, and with this new promised land that would raise them. Will a seed thrown into hard soil sprout and become a noisy ear? (According to A. Pristavkin)
Essay No. 11.
After reading A. Pristavkin’s text, the words of the classic L. Tolstoy instantly came to mind: “War is not a courtesy, but the most disgusting thing in the world.” Almost every sentence of the text makes clear the main idea: “the children... expressed the lowest, most hellish, destructive essence of the war: it was in its infancy, in its infancy...”. Reading these lines, I wonder: will these “tiny people wrapped in rags”, exhausted from difficult trials, grow up? normal person? This problem is psychological, vital and relevant especially today. The author believes that the children standing on the platform are “messengers from there, from the future, bringing people hope for the future.” I agree with the author. Of course, it is bitter that the children are “pathetic cinders” of war, but it is still joyful that they are “alive”, saved, which means that there really is hope for the best. My heart aches when I see documentary footage from the TV screen: children, exhausted in a concentration camp, hurrying to free their little hands to show the barbarians their number. Seeing this horror, I say to myself: “Damn you, war!” Until recently, not much was written about children as victims of war. I only remember Vanya Solntsev from the story “Son of the Regiment” by V. Kataev and Kuzmenyshi from A. Pristavkin’s work “The Golden Cloud Spent the Night.” I cry reading the memories of adults, now respected people, about the hard times of war, about the time of their “happy” childhood in the documentary story Belarusian writer S. Aleksievich “The Last Witnesses”, where the title of the book speaks for itself. This is a testament text, a warning, a reminder to all of us! And this is a text of hope: a seed thrown even into callous, hard soil will certainly grow; a “noisy ear” will definitely grow, because life cannot be defeated.
Text No. 12.
(1) There were ten singers, only ten. (2) Everyone is wearing the same black concert suits and white shirtfronts. (3) And no instruments, no microphones, no stage sound amplifiers and, of course, no light manipulators - they just dimmed the lights in the hall a little.
(4) And although I was sure that listeners who had an idea of what a chapel was gathered here, I became afraid for the singers. (5) Our youth are accustomed to electronic noise, and they are like unarmed soldiers on the battlefield.
(6) The singers stood tightly shoulder to shoulder, forming a small semicircle. (7) Their faces were calm and concentrated. (8) And for some reason they all seemed similar to each other. (9) Perhaps because at that hour they were possessed by a common concern, a common readiness, a common spiritual impulse.
(10) And at a nod from the one standing on the right, apparently the leader in the group, they began to sing. (11) And the voices soared...
(12) Al was conquered, enchanted, plunged into thought; everyone had the opportunity to join themselves to what had been formed for centuries in tragic delusions and insights of the mind. (13) And at the same time, the imagination carried everyone into that unclear, but always painfully desired world, made up of one’s own memories, dreams, melancholy, reproaches of conscience, of the losses and joys experienced by a person on his life’s path.
(14) I did not understand and, to tell the truth, did not really want to understand what was happening to me at that hour, what riveted my thoughts and feelings with such irresistible force to these ten singers, but the hymns that they sang seemed to come from from me, from my own impulses, from accumulated pains, anxieties and delights that had not yet found a way out in me, and, freed from them and at the same time filled with new light and insight, I comprehended, thanks to the art of these singers, the original essence of music.
(15) When you make a discovery for yourself, everything in you agrees and enlightenment of the soul occurs. (1b) And on that wave of surging enlightenment, I suddenly thought: where does all this come from in a person - music, Songs, prayers, what need was and is there for them? (17) Perhaps from a subconscious feeling of the tragedy of his stay in the cycle of life, when everything comes and everything goes, comes again and goes again, and a person hopes in this way to express, designate, perpetuate himself. (18) After all, when in billions of years our planet dies and fades away, some kind of world consciousness coming from other galaxies must certainly hear our music and singing among the great silence and emptiness. (19) To live after life is what has been ineradicably invested in us from creation! (20) How important it is to realize how necessary it is for a person to be confident that such self-extension is possible in principle. (21) People will probably come up with the idea of leaving behind some kind of eternal automatic device, some kind of musical perpetual motion machine, - this will be an anthology of all the best in human culture.
(22) Life, death, love, compassion and inspiration - everything will be said in music, because in it, in music, we achieved the highest freedom, which we fought for throughout history, starting from the first glimpses of consciousness in man, but to achieve which we succeeded only in it. (According to Ch. Aitmatov)
Essay No. 12.
Life, death, love, compassion and inspiration - all this is said in music that can touch the deepest strings human soul. The text, authored by Ch. Aitmatov, reveals the problem of human need for music. What was and is the need for it? What role does it play in a person’s life? The problem put forward by the author is deeply philosophical, quite relevant in our time. The author talks about the concert he attended and the emotions he experienced at that moment. Aitmatov shows us by his own example that the music we listen to seems to come from us, from our own motives, from accumulated pain, anxiety and delight: “When you make a discovery for yourself, everything in you agrees, and the enlightenment of the soul comes.” It's hard to disagree with the author. Music has always had a powerful effect on the human soul, healed it, helped it better understand itself and the world. Let us remember the story by V.G. Korolenko “The Blind Musician”. The main character Peter Popelsky was blind, he had no friends, but he took strength to continue life from the music he composed musical compositions. Peter became a famous pianist. Nowadays, young people are accustomed to electronic noise. Each listener has his own preferences in music, because now there is a wide variety of musical styles. They are all very different from each other, but they are similar in one thing - they give impetus to creative imagination. I also really love music. When I am in a bad mood or have some difficulties, I turn on a quiet melody and calm down, because beautiful music gives me strength and the desire to live well.
Text No. 13.
(1) It must be said that in Rus', if we have not yet kept up with foreigners in some other respects, we have far surpassed them in the ability to communicate. (2) It is impossible to count all the shades and subtleties of our appeal. (3) A Frenchman or a German will not understand and understand all its features and differences; he will speak with almost the same voice and the same language both to a millionaire and to a small tobacco dealer, although, of course, in his soul he is moderately mean to the former. (4) This is not the case with us: we have such wise men who will speak completely differently to a landowner who has two hundred souls than to one who has three hundred, and again to someone who has three hundred they will speak differently , as with the one who has five hundred of them, and with the one who has five hundred of them, again it is not the same as with the one who has eight hundred of them - in a word, even if you go up to a million, there will still be shades. (5) Suppose, for example, there is an office, not here, but in a distant country, and in the office, let us suppose, there is a ruler of the office. (b) I ask you to look at him when he sits among his subordinates - you just can’t utter a word out of fear! pride and nobility, and what does his face not express? just take a brush and paint: Prometheus, determined Prometheus! (7) Looks like an eagle, acts smoothly, measuredly. (8) The same eagle, as soon as it left the room and approaches the office of its boss, is in such a hurry like a partridge with papers under its arm that there is no urine. (9) In society and at a party, even if everyone is of low rank, Prometheus will remain Prometheus, and a little higher than him, Prometheus will undergo such a transformation that even Ovid would not invent: a fly, less than even a fly, was destroyed into a grain of sand. (10) “Yes, this is not Ivan Petrovich,” you say, looking at him. - Ivan Petrovich is taller, but this one is short and thin; he speaks loudly, has a deep bass voice and never laughs, but this devil knows what: he squeaks like a bird and keeps laughing.” (11) You come closer and look - exactly Ivan Petrovich! (12) “Ehe-he!” - you think to yourself... (N.V. Gogol)
Essay No. 13.
In his text, N.V. Gogol shows us the “shades and subtleties” of how officials communicate with each other different levels, compares them with French and German. The problem of true and imaginary values in the life of society clearly arises. The author describes in an ironic manner the transformation of officials depending on the circumstances in which they find themselves. Sometimes they look like eagles, sometimes like flies. The whole point is what the rank of this or that employee is. I think that this problem has existed for a long time and will continue to exist as long as sycophancy and idolatry towards the “boss” is welcomed in society. Any modern working person must fulfill his duties clearly and fully. And advancement up the career ladder should depend only on his efforts, skills and, of course, hard work. The wonderful work of N.V. Gogol “The Inspector General” very clearly and poignantly reveals this problem, shows us the relationship of officials of one of the district cities to the imaginary auditor. This is where both blasphemy and sycophancy were fully revealed! The example of Chatsky from the work of A.S. Griboedov “Woe from Wit” is very indicative. The words of this character: “I would be glad to serve, but it’s sickening to be served” are still alive to this day. And Chekhov’s “chameleon,” unfortunately, is still walking around the country. S. Mikhalkov, world famous author of children's poems and Russian anthem, said this: “Every piece of paper should have legs.” He meant that with each request you need to go through the authorities yourself, and sometimes more than once, and, more often, not with empty handed. Returning to N.V. Gogol, it should be noted that in his works he harshly and wisely ridiculed officials whose true service to the Motherland was replaced by fear of their superiors.
Text No. 14.
(1) In autumn the forest is silent. (2) Such silence. (3) A hundred steps away you can hear a mouse running away across the dry leaves. (4) In anticipation of the cold weather, the birds fell silent. (5) Not a sound. (6) At such times, the woodpecker’s working music brings special joy to the forest. (7) It seems that a bone hammer is knocking not on wood, but on a tight string.
(8) I walked through the spruce forest for a long time until I saw the only musician in the silent forest. (9) The woodpecker worked tirelessly. (10) The pattern of his “chisel” was visible on the diseased pine tree. (11) Through binoculars one could see how the woodpecker’s long tongue reached out to the larvae that had settled in the wood. (12) I hid behind a bush, admiring the work. (13) The woodpecker looked down, but continued to work. (14) At that moment a story happened, which, unfortunately, is very common. (15) A shot rang out from the hazel bushes - the shot tore off the worm-eaten bark, and with it a bird fell onto the yellow grass. (16) The woodpecker did not have time to swallow the larva - it remained white in its bloody beak.
(17) A guy of about seventeen came out of the blue smoke into the clearing with a new double-barreled shotgun, with a creaking belt full of cartridges. (18) I didn’t swear, but the guy felt: the meeting did not bode well. (19) To top it all off, he didn’t know what to do with the bird.
(20) - Why?
(21) - And just like that...
(22) The guy stood around awkwardly, then pulled out a cartridge from the second barrel and put it in his pocket.
(23) Who should teach boys who, from the age of seven, have been in love with slingshots, homemade pistols and new double-barreled shotguns? (24) Who should teach them to take care of and love nature? (25) Who should explain to them that a forest without birds is boring and inhospitable?
Essay No. 14.
The problem of the relationship between man and nature is relevant in our time. How many words have already been said and how much more will be said about this. In this text the author reveals the problem irresponsible attitude man to nature. How often do we think about this? And do we even think about it, mercilessly destroying what surrounds us? The problem put forward by the author is deeply moral, affecting a very important aspect of human life and nature - their relationship. The writer talks about the measured life of the forest, which is destroyed by a “fired shot.” We, of course, agree with the author. The thoughtless destruction of nature leads to the death of all living things. This problem is clearly expressed in S. A. Yesenin’s poem “Song of the Dog,” which talks about the merciless destruction by man of innocent carousing. Once on the street I saw how the boys were pulled out of the nest chick and threw it on the road. (A seventeen-year-old boy also mercilessly shot a woodpecker in the forest). I felt sorry for the chick, and I put it back in the nest in the tree. From the media we often learn about how smugglers transport rare endangered species of birds and mammals from region to region for profit under terrible conditions.
So “who should teach boys who, from the age of seven, have been in love with slingshots, homemade pistols and new double-barreled shotguns? Who should teach them and all of us to protect and love nature? Who should explain to us that a forest without birds is boring and inhospitable?
Text No. 15.
We know such prayers
That the heart is easy at night;
And the proud muses of Russia
Invisibly accompanying us...
(B. Nabokov)
(1)B Lately one can often hear the arguments of prominent public figures, people of art and science about the search for a saving “national idea” that could unite Russians in creating their future.
(2) Well, these reasonings are vital! (3) But talk is talk, and the insane conveyor belt of spiritual impoverishment of the nation, in which many TV programs, a huge part of the Internet industry, and the printing business are to blame, does not seem to leave a chance for any uplifting “ideas.” (4) Of course, it is not the television cameras, computers or printing presses, and, in fact, the people who manage them.
(5) Remembering what kind of heartburn the attempt of the Russian Orthodox Church to introduce a course in the fundamentals of Orthodox culture in Russian schools, I am amazed at the very nervous reaction to the subject of part of the country's scientific community.
(6) Today passions are boiling again! (7) The reason for this is the proposal of the President of the Russian Federation to conduct an experiment in a number of regions of the country to teach the fundamentals of religious culture and secular ethics in schools.
(8) Without plunging into the abyss of a new ideological confrontation, I cannot help but notice: those who do not want the enlightenment of their people are not decreasing. (E) Surprisingly, cursing the Soviet past for the death of “good old Russia” in 1917, they today reject what it, so to speak, stood on.
(10) Speaking of the past: Russia has plenty of bright examples meaningful, moral life. (11) Here, let’s say, are the artistic and intellectual salons of the early 19th century. (12) If you like, these were a kind of effective communication models that provided intellectual food for the best minds Russia, nurturing high ideals in art, science, and education. (13) What a treasure trove for those looking for “national ideas”?
(14) It doesn’t take much effort to “feel the difference,” or rather, the degree of our decline today - just press the remote control button and get, for example, into Ksenia Sobchak’s “salon” in the “House 2” program.
(15) What needs to be done so that the “proud muses of Russia” from Nabokov’s epigraph to these notes accompany HER today? (16) Maybe start small - remember them, look up to them, proud and tall...
(17) As, indeed, with other examples from our great past. (According to G. Rogov)
Essay No. 15.
The past is inextricably linked with the present. In some ways there is development and improvement, but in others there is regression and degradation. Comparing “today” and “yesterday” of our country, I want to understand the spiritual and moral culture of the nation, which sets the tone for the development of society as a whole. In the above text, German Rogov raises the problem of the spiritual impoverishment of the nation. Why is this happening? IN modern society The media have become very popular, through which streams of immoral thoughts flow, changing people’s worldview for the worse. These thoughts “leave no chance for any uplifting ideas.” Russia is degrading spiritually and morally, especially progressively in our time - a time of free dissemination of information. Today the problem of spiritual impoverishment of the nation is one of the most important. The author believes that we need to follow examples from the past of our country, remember and not forget about them. This will restore lost national morality. I do not agree with the author's opinion. In Russia's past there were many immoral examples that one should not emulate, but modern people no worse than its predecessors. G. Rogov mentions the artistic and intellectual salons of the early nineteenth century and considers them “storehouses national ideas". I can’t agree with him. Yes, it’s better than modern “assemblies” in clubs, but there are also disadvantages in the salons described by the author. For example, L. Tolstoy in the novel “War and Peace” talks about the salons of that time: Anna Scherer, Helen, who almost lost one of the main national treasures- Russian language. These people not only spoke, but also thought in French. They may have developed intellectually, but they degraded morally, because they neglected a national value - the Russian language. Thus, I think that the salons of the nineteenth century cannot be called an example of high morality Modern writer V. Soloukhin in “Black Boards” concerns what happened in the twentieth century. And this is what happened: the doors and windows of churches were blocked with boards blackened by time, the churches were closed and destroyed. Some churches still survived. The black boards preserved in them, as it turned out, are icons painted several centuries ago. Contemporaries restore them, restoring historical memory about the time when the icons were created, they are trying to revive the spirituality lost in the twentieth century. Therefore, I believe that our generation is no worse than the past. There is a lot of talk about the problem of spiritual impoverishment of the nation. Probably not without reason. So there are reasons for that. However, I don't think the past is better than the present.
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Weekdays. They are complete nonsense. Eternal concern. Boredom. Incessant noise, interrupted from time to time by another failure. Oh, bad mood! And Monday is a prototype of everyday life.
Yes, then life will be bad! But you can’t shift the blame for this onto “life.” You lack the art of living; It would be foolish to expect life to give you a grand reception. So create yourself and transform yourself, otherwise everyday life will overcome you. And in life there is no greater shame than being defeated - and not by a giant, not by powerful enemies, not by illness, but by the gray everyday life of existence. So - the art of life! First of all: calmly and courageously look into the eyes of the enemy! We can never get rid of everyday life. They will always be there. They make up the matter of our life. And if a holiday serves only to, like lightning, illuminate the dullness of everyday life and expose everyday life, then it is harmful to us and we are unworthy of it. Only he deserves the joy of the holiday who loves his everyday life. How to achieve this?
This can be achieved by finding sacred meaning in your everyday work, plunging it into the depths of your heart and illuminating and igniting everyday life with a ray of its light. This is the first requirement, even the fundamental principle of the art of living. What are you in the Universe? What are your deeds before the Fatherland?
Haven't you figured this out yet? Don't you know this yet? How do you live? Senseless, blind, stupid and wordless? Then it is easy to comprehend the “sheer endlessness” of your everyday life. And boredom, and bad mood, and everything that goes with them.
You cannot blindly perceive daily work as meaningless forced work, as galley torture, as torment from paycheck to paycheck. We need to come to our senses. You need to understand the serious meaning of your profession and take care of it in the name of its high meaning. You need to take yourself seriously, and therefore your own profession and your own everyday life. Everyday life remains, but it needs to be transformed from the inside. They must be filled with meaning, come to life, become multi-colored; and not remain “a complete blankness.”
It's pointless - it's joyless. Man is created in such a way that he cannot live joylessly. Anyone who seems to live without joy has certainly invented a substitute for joy. Joy must, however, grow from everyday work, even if only in the sense that you work better and better, improving the quality of your work, thereby moving up the stages of improvement.
If you have found the high meaning of your work and joy in its quality, will you still be able to talk about “complete serenity”? Life will then become a luminous thread for you. And the takeoff in your life is guaranteed. After all, joy releases creative forces; creative forces create quality; and the quality of work causes joy from work.
Look: this is how your everyday life falls into a good circle spiritual health. And now there are no more boring everyday life for you.
(according to I.A. Ilyin*)
Ivan Aleksandrovich Ilyin (1883-1954) - Russian philosopher, writer and publicist.
The joy of life. How can you achieve it? It is this problem that I.A. raises. Ilyin in the text proposed for analysis.
Reflecting on the question posed, the writer notes that our lives are made up of everyday life and holidays, and often a person hates everyday life, and waits for a holiday only in order to “expose everyday life.” The author of the text confidently says that only those who love everyday life deserve a holiday, as stated in the following sentence: “Only he deserves the joy of the holiday who loves his everyday life.” The publicist concludes his reasoning with the fair conclusion that joy increases creative abilities, due to which the quality of work improves, from which a person again experiences joy. Then everyday life becomes a holiday.
The position of the author of the text on the issue raised is expressed clearly and unambiguously. I.A. Ilyin is convinced: a person can achieve the joy of life only if he loves his everyday life, his work, and understands the high meaning of his profession.
Russian classical writers spoke about this repeatedly in their works. Let us remember the story of A.P. Platonov “The Sandy Teacher”. In this work, a young girl Naryshkina Maria Nikiforovna was appointed as a teacher in the Central Asian village of Khoshutovo. However, she quickly experienced disappointment, since everyone had no time for school: the peasants worked every day, clearing the estates of drifts, the village was starving from a lack of fertile soil, and the children did not go to school properly. Maria Nikiforovna’s strong nature had already begun to fade, but one day she realized: at school it was necessary to introduce a new subject in which they would teach sand fighting. The department of public education did not give her a teacher, but provided her with suitable literature. And Maria Nikiforovna herself began to teach the peasants this matter, and they managed to cope with the problem. The whole village thanked Maria Nikiforovna, and the teacher herself was happy. Thus, understanding the high meaning of a profession can help a person achieve joy in life.
I will give another literary example that shows: only those who love their everyday life, their profession and know its high meaning can comprehend happiness. Let us recall the fantastic story of the Strugatsky brothers “Monday begins on Saturday.” In this work, an important place is occupied by NIICHAVO - Research Institute of Witchcraft and Wizardry. The Mages worked there, and their motto was: “Monday begins on Saturday.” The thing is that they hated weekends, they loved their work too much. And above all, they dealt with the problem of human happiness and the meaning of life. The magicians were convinced: happiness and the meaning of life lie in knowing the unknown, which is what they, in fact, did. Therefore, we can safely say that these people were happy. Consequently, love for everyday life, for one’s work and comprehension of its meaning gives a person the joy of life.
In conclusion, it is important to note: it is impossible to experience the true joy of life if you hate everyday life. After all, hatred is negative feeling, which can destroy all the good things in a person, including the joy of life. Therefore, if a person wants to be happy, he must love his everyday life and his work, for which he must comprehend its high meaning.
6. Bad mood
I wish I knew where it comes from! If only it were possible to drive him away sooner. But it is like the weather: no one knows where, when, why... Unlike the weather, there are not even predictors for our changing mood. You just need to submit.
No way! There can be no question of submission!
Bad moods must listen to us!
A bad mood is not what I am, not what happens in the depths of my soul, it only represents how I feel about it, and then how I make other people feel. The last two circumstances are in our power: we control them, and they must obey. Those who have not yet understood this should learn to understand as soon as possible; because it relates to the basics of self-control.
A bad mood arises from internal discord, the main knot of which remains in the subconscious and is not easy to untangle. This discord or, as doctors who treat the soul say, this “conflict” did not arise suddenly; Most likely, it has persisted since childhood and may suddenly revive or become slightly aggravated. Perhaps I'll get rid of it; however, it is also possible that I will carry it with me until my death. Yes, I will carry it within me and endure it, I will come to terms with its existence, I will be forced to put it at the service of the cause, in a word - I will cope with it creatively. Heavenly God, this is not a reason for a “bad mood”!
There is hardly a person in the world who has not had to deal with mental conflict. Everyone has their own, and everyone would like to get rid of it. Is this why everyone has the right to be in a bad mood? Should everyone become sullen, walk around with angry faces, or even yell at each other for this reason?
Internal discord must be taken seriously, completely seriously. It belongs to what I am. It denotes one of my internal life tasks. It can worsen, create mental stagnation, and cause a bad mood. This bad mood remains unclear and impenetrable to me; it enters my conscious life and my general well-being as an inexplicable fact. I feel depressed, helpless, sad. Because of this, I get irritated, and I give vent to this irritation in the form of a “bad mood” in society. This is what it really looks like. But this cannot continue to happen.
It is clear that behind the bad mood there is a conflict. This conflict must be seen as a kind of creative charge and treated as such. It’s good that this charge is there; After all, you can’t fire from an unloaded gun. It’s not at all scary that you haven’t yet managed to subjugate this charge: it means there is a task and it needs to be solved. Mental stagnation is unpleasant. But trouble is just the shell of new strength and new life. Crack a nut and you will get a sweet kernel. There is no reason to be in a bad mood! However, there is a bad mood. Bear it calmly and confidently! You can already see right through him. Look, conflict is a promise, and soon you are already a winner.
You are not helpless at all. You have gained courage and depression has disappeared. The bad mood dissipated.
Or not yet? So you understand his creative and intimate nature and you will be careful not to make the secret property of society.
It’s your own business how you feel about your internal conflict, about this anticipated charge of new strength. If you do not know how to establish yourself as a winner within yourself, if you are so ungrateful that, facing the main task of your life, you see only “difficulties” and “troubles” and become “gloomy,” then at least do not expose your cowardice to people! A strong character rejoices in difficulties and smiles at troubles. The more difficult the test, the happier the victory. If you have not yet found these strengths in yourself, be nevertheless confident that you will find them. If you can’t be alone, look for help, but most importantly, pray: a sincere prayer will always be heard. But just don’t reveal your temporary weakness in front of strangers!
It is indecent to blurt out secrets; and a bad mood does this. How childish it is to cry in pain; and a bad mood is a crybaby. How criminal it is to infect others with your disease; and bad mood is contagious.
Don't you know how calmly and sweetly someone superior to you can smile? This smile is unbearable for a bad mood.
A person lives among people, and everyone who surrounds him relates to him in some way. Some people like him, but others can't stand him. What can be done to reduce hatred in the world? I. Ilyin devotes his reasoning to this problem.
There is no doubt that this problem is important to all of us and it is not easy to solve. The author examines the issue of relationships between people in a philosophical manner, comparing emotions with rays: a light ray means a high and good feeling, and a black one means antipathy and hatred. The writer also offers ways to solve the problem, seeing them in the fact that a person should not respond with evil to evil, hatred to hatred, he should try to show sympathy and understanding, treat the enemy as a spiritually sick person and strive to help him rather than cause harm unnecessary suffering.
The author expresses his opinion on this issue quite clearly: he is confident that hatred can only be overcome with kindness and understanding. Hatred is a wound of the spirit, a new wound will not help to heal it - only love is capable of this as something opposite to a hostile feeling. It seems to me that the author is right in many respects, except that I doubt that it is always possible to fight hatred in all cases. After all, there are situations when we are talking about something truly terrible: for example, terrorism. In these cases, hatred is not, to continue the author’s comparison, an accidental disease. It is deliberately induced in oneself so that ruthlessness towards victims appears. If we talk about ordinary relationships between people, then, of course, it is difficult to argue with the author on this issue.
To illustrate my opinion, I would like to cite the example of A.S. Pushkin’s novel “ Captain's daughter" The hero of this work, Pyotr Grinev, is in some strange and even inexplicable relationship with Pugachev, a murderer and robber. And the reason for this is simply that Petrusha treats the impostor humanly, without hatred and contempt, tries to convince him to repent, hopes for his salvation. And Pugachev’s temper is overcome by the kindness and sympathy of the young nobleman.
As an argument, I would also like to turn to the work of A. Kondratiev “Sashka”, the main character of which does not hate the captured fascist soldier, because he no longer perceives him as an enemy. He even takes pity on the German and thereby wins a moral victory both over him and over himself, rising to a deep understanding of the essence of humanity: a person must remain human even in war, without humiliating himself to brutal hatred.
Each of us must find the strength not to increase evil in the world by succumbing to hostility and contempt, but to counter these feelings with pity and understanding. This is what it means to be a kind person.
The material was prepared by Elena Valerievna Safonova, teacher of the highest qualification category, State Educational Institution SKOSHI No. 31, Moscow
Original text:
(1) Each person is a living, radiating personal center. (2) Every look, every word, every smile, every deed radiates a special energy of heat and light into the common spiritual ether of existence. (3) And even when a person, apparently not manifesting himself in anything, is simply nearby, we feel the rays he sends. (4) And, moreover, the stronger, the more definite and intense, the more significant and unique his spiritual personality.
(5) Receiving the first perception of someone else’s antipathy, we feel that the life rays we send are not accepted by the other person, are repelled or stubbornly not allowed into ourselves. (6) This is already unpleasant and painful. (7) This may cause us some confusion or even confusion. (8) A strange feeling of failure, or one’s own ineptitude, or even the irrelevance of one’s existence arises in the soul. (9) The will to communicate is suppressed, the rays do not want to be emitted, words cannot be found, the uplift of life ceases, the heart is ready to close. (10) Closed and uncommunicative people often evoke such a feeling in sociable and expansive people, even when antipathy is out of the question. (11) But antipathy, once it arises, intensifies to hostility, thickens into disgust and deepens to hatred.
(12) When I encounter real hatred towards me in life, a feeling of great unhappiness awakens in me, then grief and a feeling of my powerlessness.
(13) Following this, I experience a persistent desire to leave my hater at all costs, disappear from his sight, never meet him again and not know anything about him. (14) If this succeeds, then I quickly calm down, but then I soon notice that some kind of dejection and heaviness remain in my soul, for the black rays of his hatred still overtake me, penetrating to me through the common etheric space. (15) Then I begin to involuntarily feel for his hating soul and see myself in its black rays as their object and victim. (16) A wound has formed in the spiritual ether of the world; it needs to be healed and healed. (17) My hater must forgive me and reconcile with me. (18) He must experience the joy that I live in this world, and give me the opportunity to rejoice in his existence. (19) For, according to the words of the great Orthodox sage Seraphim of Sarov, “man is a joy to man.”
(20) First of all, I need to find and establish whether it is not my fault that we are both now suffering: he, the hater, and I, the hated? (21) Maybe I accidentally touched some old, unhealed wound in his heart? (22) After that, I need to forgive him for his hatred. (23) I shouldn’t, I don’t dare respond to his black ray with the same black ray of contempt and rejection. (24) I should not shy away from meeting him; I have no right to escape. (25) From now on, I will meet the ray of his hatred with a white ray, clear, meek, kind, forgiving and seeking forgiveness.
(26) I must treat my hater the way a seriously ill person is treated, without exposing him to new, additional suffering. (27) I must send him understanding, forgiveness and love in my rays until he restores the thread that he broke leading to me. Hatred is healed by love and only love. (29) Beam true love tames wild animals. (Z0) The radiation of love has a pacifying and disarming effect.
(31) The tension of anger dissipates: the evil instinct is lost, gives way and is drawn into an atmosphere of peace and harmony. (32) All this is not empty words: love spells storms and calms the spiritual ether of the universe.
(33) And if one day this happens, his hatred will be transformed and the wound of the spiritual ether will be healed and healed. (34) Then we will both rejoice in the joy of deliverance and hear how high above us everything, rejoicing, celebrates up to the seventh heaven, for God’s fabric of love is one and integral throughout the entire Universe.
(According to I.A. Ilyin.)
Ilyin Ivan Aleksandrovich (1883-1954) - Russian philosopher, writer, publicist, author of the book “The Singing Heart. A book of quiet contemplations."
The text by Ivan Aleksandrovich Ilyin raises the problem of a person’s attitude to a bad mood.
The author based his story on reflections on the influence of a bad mood on others and himself. He says that a bad mood arises from a person’s discord and that a person should hide it from others so as not to infect them with it.
Let's give an example from A.S. Pushkin's novel "Eugene Onegin".
Lensky, who persuaded Onegin to go to Tatyana’s name day, becomes a victim of Evgeny’s bad mood, who, having found himself in a hated environment of guest neighbors, takes revenge on his friend by courting Olga, which leads to a duel and Lensky’s death.
You can also give an example from M. Yulermontov’s novel “A Hero of Our Time.” In it, Pechorin and Grushnitsky did not forgive each other’s insults; they both tried to respond to anger with anger, which led to a duel. If they had shown at least a little understanding, the tragic consequences could have been avoided.
Summarizing what has been said, we can conclude that if each of us fights hatred, at least within himself, then the world will become a little kinder.
Effective preparation for the Unified State Exam (all subjects) - start preparing
Updated: 2017-05-30
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