Heroic exploits of Russian soldiers. The feat of Soviet soldiers and officers during the Great Patriotic War

Heroism and readiness of the Russian warrior for self-sacrifice

The heroism and readiness of the Russian warrior to self-sacrifice have been known since ancient times. In all the wars that Russia waged, victories were based on these character traits of the Russian soldier. When at the head Russian troops If there were equally fearless officers, then heroism reached such a scale that it forced the whole world to talk about itself. This was exactly the feat of a detachment of Russian troops under the command of Colonel Pavel Mikhailovich Karyagin, which took place during the Russian-Persian War of 1804-1813. Many contemporaries compared it with the battle of 300 Spartans against the countless troops of Xerxes I at Thermopylae.

On January 3, 1804, the Russian army stormed the second largest city of present-day Azerbaijan, Ganja, and the Ganja Khanate became part of the Russian Empire. The purpose of this war was to ensure the security of previously acquired possessions in Georgia. However, the British did not really like the activity of the Russians in Transcaucasia. Their emissaries persuaded the Persian Shah Feth Ali, better known as Baba Khan, to an alliance with Britain and a declaration of war on Russia.

The war began on June 10, 1804, and until the end of that year, Russian troops constantly defeated the superior forces of the Persians. In general, the Caucasian war was very remarkable; there is a strong belief that if in battle the enemy did not outnumber the Russians by 10 times, then he did not dare to attack. However, the feat of the battalion under the leadership of the commander of the 17th Jaeger Regiment, Colonel Karyagin, even against this background is amazing. The enemy outnumbered these Russian forces by more than forty times.

In 1805, an army of twenty thousand under the leadership of the heir to the Persian throne, Abbas Mirza, moved to Shusha. There were only six companies of rangers in the city under the leadership of Major Lisanevich. All that Commander Tsitsianov could put up as reinforcements at that moment was the battalion of the 17th Jaeger Regiment. Tsitsianov appointed regiment commander Karyagin, whose personality by this time was already legendary, to command the detachment.

On June 21, 1805, 493 soldiers and officers with two guns moved from Ganja to help Shusha, but these forces did not have time to unite. The detachment was intercepted by Abbas Mirza's army on the way. Already on the twenty-fourth of June, Karyagin’s battalion met the enemy’s advanced detachments.

Due to the relative small number of Persians (there were about four thousand of them), the battalion formed into a square and continued to move. However, towards evening the main Persian forces began to approach. And Karyagin decided to take up defense at the Tatar cemetery, located on the top of a hill 10-15 versts from the Shah-Bulakh fortress.

The Russians quickly surrounded the camp with a ditch and supply wagons, and all this was done during a continuously ongoing battle. The battle lasted until nightfall and cost the Russian detachment 197 people. However, the Persian losses were so great that the next day Abbas Mirza did not dare to attack and ordered the Russians to be shot from artillery. On the twenty-sixth of June, the Persians diverted the stream, leaving the Russians without water, and installed four batteries of falconets - 45-mm cannons, to shoot the defenders. Karyagin himself by this time was shell-shocked three times and wounded by a bullet in the side. However, no one even thought about surrender, and it was offered on very honorable terms.

The 150 people who remained in the ranks made forays at night for water. During one of them, Lieutenant Ladinsky’s detachment destroyed all the falconette batteries and captured 15 guns. “What wonderful Russian fellows the soldiers in our detachment were. I didn’t need to encourage and excite their courage,” Ladinsky later recalled. The detachment fought with the enemy for four days, but by the fifth day the soldiers had eaten their last crackers; by this time the officers had been eating grass for a long time. Karyagin equipped a foraging detachment of forty people under the leadership of an officer of unknown origin, Lieutenant Lisenkov, who turned out to be a French spy. As a result of his betrayal, only six people returned back, wounded to the last extreme.

According to all the rules, under these conditions the detachment had to surrender to the enemy, or accept a heroic death. However, Karyagin made a different decision - to capture the Shah-Bulakh fortress and wait for reinforcements there. With the help of the Armenian guide Yuzbash, the detachment, abandoning the convoy and burying captured falconets, secretly left their positions at night. And in the morning, having smashed the gates with cannons, he captured Shah-Bulakh.
Persian army surrounded the fortress as soon as the Russians managed to repair the gates. There were no food supplies in the fortress. Then Karyagin took four days to think about the next offer of surrender, provided that the detachment was supplied by the Persians. The conditions were accepted and the surviving warriors were able to get stronger and put themselves in order.

At the end of the fourth day, Karyagin informed the ambassador, “Tomorrow morning, let His Highness occupy Shah-Bulakh.” Karyagin did not sin in anything either against military duty or against of this word- at night the Russian detachment left the fortress and moved to capture another fortress, Mukhrat. The detachment’s rearguard, which consisted exclusively of wounded soldiers and officers, was led by Kotlyarevsky, also a legendary personality, a future general and “Conqueror of Azerbaijan.”

During this transition, another feat was accomplished. The road was crossed by a ditch, through which it was impossible to transport guns, and without artillery, capturing the fortress became impossible. Then the four heroes went down into the ditch and used guns to build a bridge resting on their shoulders. The second gun exploded, killing two brave men. History has preserved for posterity the name of only one of them - the battalion singer Gavrila Sidorov.

The Persians caught up with Karyagin's detachment on the approach to Mukhrat. The battle was so hot that Russian guns changed hands several times. However, having inflicted serious damage on the Persians, the Russians, with minor losses, retreated to Muhrat and occupied it. Now their positions have become impregnable. To Abbas Mirza’s next letter with a proposal high ranks and a huge amount of money in the Persian service, Karyagin replied: “Your parent has mercy on me; and I have the honor to inform you that when fighting the enemy, they do not seek mercy except traitors.”

The courage of a small Russian detachment under the leadership of Karyagin saved Georgia from capture and plunder by the Persians. By diverting the forces of the Persian army to himself, Karyagin gave Tsitsianov the opportunity to gather forces and launch an offensive. Ultimately, all this led to a brilliant victory. And Russian soldiers, once again, covered themselves with unfading glory.

Introduction

History does not know a more large-scale, fierce, destructive and bloody confrontation than the one that our people had to wage against the fascist aggressors. In the war of 1941-1945. The fate of not only the Fatherland, but also many other peoples and countries - essentially all of humanity - was being decided. Military personnel internal troops fought against the invaders shoulder to shoulder with the Red Army. Eternal and holy is the feat of our compatriots who overcame fascism and won Great Victory.

The Great Patriotic War will forever remain in the memory of the descendants and successors of the great people great country. About thirty million of our compatriots died heroically for the freedom of our Motherland. At times it seemed to the enemy that the collapse of the USSR was inevitable: the Germans were near Moscow and Leningrad, breaking through near Stalingrad. But the fascists simply forgot that for centuries Genghis Khan, Batu, Mamai, Napoleon and others tried unsuccessfully to conquer our country. The Russian people were always ready to defend their Motherland and fight until their last breath. There was no limit to the patriotism of our soldiers. Only a Russian soldier saved a wounded comrade from under heavy fire from enemy machine guns. Only the Russian soldier mercilessly beat the enemies, but spared the prisoners. Only the Russian soldier died, but did not give up.

At times, German commanders were horrified by the rage and tenacity, courage and heroism of ordinary Russian soldiers. One of the German officers said: “When my tanks go on the attack, the earth trembles under their weight. When the Russians go into battle, the earth trembles from fear of them.” One of the captured German officers looked into the faces of the Russian soldiers for a long time and, in the end, sighed and said: “Now I see that Russian spirit that we were told about many times.” Our soldiers performed many feats during the Great Patriotic War. The young guys sacrificed themselves for this long-awaited Victory. Many of them did not return home, went missing or were killed on the battlefields. And each of them can be considered a hero. After all, it was they who, at the cost of their lives, led our Motherland to the Great Victory. The soldiers died, knowing full well that they were giving their lives in the name of happiness, in the name of freedom, in the name of clear skies and clear suns, in the name of future happy generations.

Yes, they accomplished a feat, they died, but did not give up. The consciousness of his duty to the Motherland drowned out the feeling of fear, pain, and thoughts of death. This means that this action is not an unconscious action - a feat, but a conviction in the rightness and greatness of the cause for which a person consciously gives his life.

Victory in the Great Patriotic War is a feat and glory of our people. No matter how the assessments and facts of our history have changed in recent years, May 9, Victory Day, remains a sacred holiday for our people. Eternal glory to the soldiers of war! Their feat will forever remain in the hearts of millions of people who value peace, happiness, and freedom.

feat hero soldier war

1. Feats Soviet soldiers and officers during the Great Patriotic War

The war between the USSR and Nazi Germany was not an ordinary war between two states, between two armies. It was the Great Patriotic War of the Soviet people against Nazi invaders. From the very first days of the Great Patriotic War, the Soviet people had to deal with a very serious enemy who knew how to wage great modern war. Hitler's mechanized hordes, regardless of losses, rushed forward and put to fire and sword everything that came along the way. Thanks to iron discipline, military skill and dedication, millions of Soviet people, who looked death in the face, won and remained alive. Feats Soviet heroes became a beacon to which other warrior heroes looked up.

Viktor Vasilievich Talalikhin

Born on September 18, 1918 in the village. Teplovka Volsky district Saratov region. Graduated from Borisoglebokoe military aviation school pilots. Participated in Soviet-Finnish war 1939 - 1940. He made 47 combat missions, shot down 4 Finnish aircraft, for which he was awarded the Order of the Red Star (1940).

In the battles of the Great Patriotic War from June 1941. Made more than 60 combat missions. In the summer and autumn of 1941, he fought near Moscow<#"justify">. Ivan Nikitovich Kozhedub

(1920-1991), Air Marshal (1985), Hero Soviet Union(1944 - twice; 1945). During the Great Patriotic War in fighter aviation, squadron commander, deputy regiment commander, spent 120 air battles; shot down 62 planes.

Three times Hero of the Soviet Union Ivan Nikitovich Kozhedub shot down 17 enemy aircraft on the La-7 (including the Me-262 jet fighter<#"justify">. Alexey Petrovich Maresyev

Maresyev Alexey Petrovich fighter pilot, deputy squadron commander of the 63rd Guards Fighter Aviation Regiment, guard senior lieutenant.

Born on May 20, 1916 in the city of Kamyshin Volgograd region in a working-class family. He was drafted into the Soviet army in 1937. Served in the 12th aviation border detachment. He made his first combat mission on August 23, 1941 in the Krivoo Rog area. Lieutenant Maresyev opened his combat account at the beginning of 1942 - he shot down a Ju-52. By the end of March 1942, he had increased the count of those shot down. fascist planes up to four

In June 1943, Maresyev returned to duty. Fought on Kursk Bulge as part of the 63rd Guards Fighter Aviation Regiment, he was deputy squadron commander. In August 1943, during one battle, Alexey Maresyev shot down three enemy FW-190 fighters at once.

On August 1943, by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, Guard Senior Lieutenant Maresyev was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

Later he fought in the Baltic states and became a regiment navigator. In 1944 he joined the CPSU. In total, he made 86 combat missions, shot down 11 enemy aircraft: 4 before being wounded and seven with amputated legs. In June 1944, Guard Major Maresyev became an inspector-pilot of the Directorate of Higher educational institutions Air Force. Legendary fate Boris Polevoy's book "The Tale of a Real Man" is dedicated to Alexei Petrovich Maresyev.

Retired Colonel A.P. Maresyev was awarded two Orders of Lenin, orders October Revolution, Red Banner, Patriotic War 1st degree, two Orders of the Red Banner of Labor, Orders of Friendship of Peoples, Red Star, Badge of Honor, "For Services to the Fatherland" 3rd degree, medals, foreign orders. He was an honorary soldier of a military unit, an honorary citizen of the cities of Komsomolsk-on-Amur, Kamyshin, and Orel. Named after him minor planet solar system, public fund, youth patriotic clubs. He was elected as a deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. Author of the book "On the Kursk Bulge" (M., 1960).

Even during the war, Boris Polevoy’s book “The Tale of a Real Man” was published, the prototype of the main character of which was Maresyev.

Krasnoperov Sergey Leonidovich

Krasnoperov Sergei Leonidovich was born on July 23, 1923 in the village of Pokrovka, Chernushinsky district. In May 1941, he volunteered to join the ranks Soviet Army. I studied at the Balashov Aviation Pilot School for a year. In November 1942, attack pilot Sergei Krasnoperov arrived at the 765th Attack Air Regiment, and in January 1943 he was appointed deputy squadron commander of the 502nd Attack Air Regiment of the 214th Attack Air Division North Caucasus Front. For military distinctions he was awarded the Order of the Red Banner, the Red Star, and the Order of the Patriotic War, 2nd degree.

The regiment commander, Lieutenant Colonel Smirnov, wrote about Sergei Krasnoperov: “Such heroic exploits of Comrade Krasnoperov are repeated in every combat mission. The pilots of his flight have become masters of assault. The flight is united and occupied leading place. The command always entrusts the most difficult and responsible tasks to him. With his heroic deeds he created for himself military glory, enjoys well-deserved military authority among the personnel of the regiment." And indeed. Sergei was only 19 years old, and for his exploits he had already been awarded the Order of the Red Star. He was only 20, and his chest was adorned Gold Star Hero.

Sergei Krasnoperov made seventy-four combat missions during the days of fighting on the Taman Peninsula. As one of the best, he was trusted to lead groups of “silts” on assault 20 times, and he always carried out a combat mission. He personally destroyed 6 tanks, 70 vehicles, 35 carts with cargo, 10 guns, 3 mortars, 5 anti-aircraft artillery points, 7 machine guns, 3 tractors, 5 bunkers, an ammunition depot, sunk a boat, a self-propelled barge, and destroyed two crossings across the Kuban.

Matrosov Alexander Matveevich

Matrosov Alexander Matveevich - rifleman of the 2nd battalion of the 91st separate rifle brigade (22nd Army, Kalinin Front) private. Born on February 5, 1924 in the city of Yekaterinoslav (now Dnepropetrovsk). In October 1942 he entered the Krasnokholmsky Infantry School, but soon most of The cadets were sent to the Kalinin Front. IN active army since November 1942. On February 27, 1943, the 2nd battalion received the task of attacking a strong point in the area of ​​the village of Chernushki (Loknyansky district of the Pskov region). As soon as our soldiers passed through the forest and reached the edge, they came under heavy enemy machine-gun fire. Two machine guns were destroyed, but the machine gun from the third bunker continued to fire at the entire ravine in front of the village. Then Matrosov stood up, rushed to the bunker and closed the embrasure with his body. At the cost of his life, he contributed to the accomplishment of the unit’s combat mission.

A few days later, the name of Matrosov became known throughout the country. Matrosov’s feat was used by a journalist who happened to be with the unit for a patriotic article. Despite the fact that Matrosov was not the first to commit such an act of self-sacrifice, it was his name that was used to glorify the heroism of Soviet soldiers. Subsequently, over 200 people accomplished the same feat, but this was no longer widely publicized. His feat became a symbol of courage and military valor, fearlessness and love for the Motherland.

“It is known that Alexander Matrosov was far from the first in the history of the Great Patriotic War to accomplish such a feat. More precisely, he had 44 predecessors (5 in 1941, 31 in 1942 and 8 before February 27, 1943). And the very first to cover the enemy machine gun with his body was political instructor A.V. Pankratov. Subsequently, many more commanders and soldiers of the Red Army performed the self-sacrificing feat. Until the end of 1943, 38 soldiers followed Matrosov’s example, in 1944 - 87, in last year war - 46. The last one in the Great Patriotic War to close the machine gun embrasure with his body was Guard Sergeant Arkhip Manita. This happened in Berlin 17 days before the Victory...

Of the 215 who accomplished the “feat of Matrosov,” the heroes were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. Some exploits were appreciated only many years after the war. For example, a Red Army soldier of the 679th rifle regiment Abram Levin, who covered the bunker embrasure with his body in the battle for the village of Kholmets on February 22, 1942, was posthumously awarded the Order of the Patriotic War, 1st degree, only in 1967. There are also documented cases where brave men who performed the “sailor’s” feat remained alive. This is Udodov A.A., Rise R.Kh., Maiborsky V.P. and Kondratyev L.V.” (V. Bondarenko “One Hundred Great Feats of Russia”, M., “Veche”, 2011, p. 283).

The title of Hero of the Soviet Union was posthumously awarded to Alexander Matveevich Matrosov on June 19, 1943. He was buried in the city of Velikiye Luki. September 8, 1943 by order people's commissar Defense of the USSR, the name of Matrosov was assigned to the 254th Guards Rifle Regiment, and he himself was forever enlisted (one of the first in the Soviet Army) on the lists of the 1st company of this unit. Monuments to the Hero were erected in St. Petersburg, Tolyatti, Velikiye Luki, Ulyanovsk, Krasnoyarsk, Ufa, Dnepropetrovsk, Kharkov, and the streets and squares of Alexander Matrosov in cities and villages former USSR there are at least several hundred.

Ivan Vasilievich Panfilov

The 316th especially distinguished itself in the battles near Volokolamsk rifle division General I.V. Panfilova. Reflecting continuous enemy attacks for 6 days, they knocked out 80 tanks and killed several hundred soldiers and officers. Enemy attempts to capture the Volokolamsk area and open the way to Moscow<#"justify">. Nikolai Frantsevich Gastello

Nikolai Frantsevich was born on May 6, 1908 in Moscow, into a working-class family. Graduated from 5th grade. He worked as a mechanic at the Murom Steam Locomotive Construction Machinery Plant. In the Soviet Army in May 1932. In 1933 he graduated from Lugansk military school pilots in bomber units. In 1939 he took part in the battles on the river. Khalkhin - Gol and the Soviet-Finnish War of 1939-1940. In the active army since June 1941, the squadron commander of the 207th Long-Range Bomber Aviation Regiment (42nd Bomber Aviation Division, 3rd Bomber Aviation Corps DBA), Captain Gastello, carried out another mission flight on June 26, 1941. His bomber was hit and caught fire. He flew the burning plane into a concentration of enemy troops. The enemy suffered from the explosion of the bomber big losses. For the accomplished feat, on July 26, 1941, he was posthumously awarded the Title of Hero of the Soviet Union. The name Gastello is forever included in the lists military units. At the site of the feat on the Minsk-Vilnius highway, a memorial monument was erected in Moscow.

9. Zoya Anatolyevna Kosmodemyanskaya (“Tanya”)

Zoya Anatolyevna Kosmodemyanskaya was born on September 8, 1923 in the village of Osino-Gai (now Tambov region). October 31, 1941 Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya voluntarily became a fighter in the reconnaissance and sabotage unit No. 9903 of the headquarters Western Front. The training was very short - already on November 4, Zoya was transferred to Volokolamsk, where she successfully completed the task of mining the road. On November 17, 1941, Order No. 0428 of the Headquarters of the Supreme High Command appeared, ordering “to destroy and burn to the ground all populated areas in the rear German troops at a distance of 40-60 km in depth from the front edge and 20-30 km to the right and left of the roads. To destroy populated areas within the specified radius, immediately launch aviation, make extensive use of artillery and mortar fire, reconnaissance teams, skiers and partisans sabotage groups equipped with Molotov cocktails, grenades and explosive devices."

And the very next day, the leadership of unit No. 9903 received a combat mission - to destroy 10 settlements, including the village of Petrishchevo, Ruza district, Moscow region. Zoya also went on a mission as part of one of the groups. She was armed with three Molotov cocktails and a revolver. Near the village of Golovkovo, the group with which Zoya was walking came under fire, suffered losses and disbanded. On the night of November 27, Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya reached Petrishchev and managed to set fire to three houses there. After that, she spent the night in the forest and returned to Petrishchevo again in order to fully carry out the combat order - to destroy this settlement.

But within a day the situation in the village changed. The occupiers collected local residents to the meeting and ordered them to guard the houses. It was a local resident named Sviridov who noticed Zoya at the moment when she tried to set fire to his barn with hay. Sviridov ran after the Germans, and Kosmodemyanskaya was captured. They bullied Zoya terribly. They flogged me with belts, held a burning kerosene lamp to my lips, walked me barefoot through the snow, and tore out my fingernails. Kosmodemyanskaya was beaten not only by the Germans, but also by local residents, whose houses she burned. But Zoya held on with amazing courage. During the interrogation, she never gave her real name; she said that her name was Tanya.

November 1941 Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya was hanged by the occupiers. Before her death, she uttered a proud phrase, which later became famous: “There are 170 million of us, you can’t outweigh them all!” On January 27, 1942, the first publication in the press appeared about the feat of Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya - an article by P. Lidov “Tanya” (it was published by Pravda.) Soon it was possible to establish the identity of the heroine, and on February 18 a second article appeared - “Who was Tanya.” Two days before this, a decree was issued on awarding Kosmodemyanskaya the title of Hero of the Soviet Union posthumously. She became the first woman awarded this title during the Great Patriotic War. The heroine was buried at the Novodevichy cemetery in Moscow.

The feat of Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya was filmed about it already in 1944 feature film, monuments to the heroine decorated the streets of Moscow, St. Petersburg, Kyiv, Kharkov, Tambov, Saratov, Volgograd, Chelyabinsk, Rybinsk, poems and stories were written about Zoya, and there are several hundred streets named in her honor in the cities and villages of the former USSR.

Aliya Moldagulova

Aliya Moldagulova was born on April 20, 1924 in the village of Bulak, Khobdinsky district, Aktobe region. After the death of her parents, she was raised by her uncle Aubakir Moldagulov. I moved with his family from city to city. She studied at the 9th secondary school in Leningrad. In the fall of 1942, Aliya Moldagulova joined the army and was sent to sniper school. In May 1943, Aliya submitted a report to the school command with a request to send her to the front. Aliya ended up in the 3rd company of the 4th battalion of the 54th Rifle Brigade under the command of Major Moiseev. By the beginning of October, Aliya Moldagulova had 32 killed fascists.

In December 1943, Moiseev’s battalion received an order to drive the enemy out of the village of Kazachikha. Capturing this locality Soviet command hoped to cut the railway line along which the Nazis were transporting reinforcements. The Nazis resisted fiercely, skillfully taking advantage of the terrain. The slightest advance of our companies came at a high price, and yet slowly but steadily our fighters approached the enemy’s fortifications. Suddenly a lone figure appeared in front of the advancing chains.

Suddenly a lone figure appeared in front of the advancing chains. The Nazis noticed the brave warrior and opened fire with machine guns. Seizing the moment when the fire weakened, the fighter rose to his full height and carried the entire battalion with him.

After a fierce battle, our fighters took possession of the heights. The daredevil lingered in the trench for some time. Traces of pain appeared on his pale face, and strands of black hair came out from under his earflap hat. It was Aliya Moldagulova. She destroyed 10 fascists in this battle. The wound turned out to be minor, and the girl remained in service.

In an effort to restore the situation, the enemy launched counterattacks. On January 14, 1944, a group of enemy soldiers managed to break into our trenches. Got started hand-to-hand combat. Aliya mowed down the fascists with well-aimed bursts from her machine gun. Suddenly she instinctively sensed danger behind her. She turned around sharply, but it was too late: German officer shot first. Having collected last strength, Aliya raised her machine gun and the Nazi officer fell to the cold ground...

The wounded Aliya was carried out by her comrades from the battlefield. The fighters wanted to believe in a miracle, and vying with each other to save the girl, they offered blood. But the wound was fatal.

June 1944, Corporal Aliya Moldagulova was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

Conclusion

From the very first days of the Great Patriotic War, the Soviet people had to deal with a very serious enemy. The Soviet people spared neither strength nor life in order to hasten the hour of victory over the enemy. Women also forged victory over the enemy shoulder to shoulder with men. They bravely endured the incredible hardships of wartime, they were unparalleled workers in factories, on collective farms, in hospitals and schools.

Win or Die - this was the question in the war against German fascism, and our soldiers understood this. They consciously gave their lives for their Motherland when the situation demanded it.

What strength of spirit was demonstrated by those who did not hesitate to cover with their bodies the embrasure of the enemy bunker that was spewing deadly fire!

The soldiers and officers of Nazi Germany did not perform such feats, and could not have accomplished them. The spiritual motives for their actions were reactionary ideas of racial superiority and motives, and later - fear fair retribution for crimes committed and automatic, blind discipline.

The people glorify those who fought bravely and died, with the death of a hero, having brought closer the hour of our victory, glorify the survivors who managed to defeat the enemy. Heroes do not die, their glory is immortal, their names are forever included not only in the lists of personnel Armed Forces, but also in people's memory. People make up legends about heroes, erect beautiful monuments to them, and name the best streets of their cities and villages after them. More than 100 thousand soldiers, sergeants and military officers were awarded orders and medals of the Soviet Union, and almost 200 military graduates were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. More than 50 monuments and obelisks were built in honor of the soldiers of the internal troops, about 60 streets and more than 200 schools were named. The exploits of those who defended the life and independence of our Motherland will forever remain in the people's memory.

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Outside the window is the 21st century. But, despite this, military conflicts do not subside, including those involving Russian army. Courage and valor, bravery and bravery are qualities characteristic of Russian soldiers. Therefore, the exploits of Russian soldiers and officers require separate and detailed coverage.

How our people fought in Chechnya

The exploits of Russian soldiers these days do not leave anyone indifferent. The first example of boundless courage is the tank crew led by Yuri Sulimenko.

The exploits of Russian soldiers of the tank battalion began in 1994. During the First Chechen War, Sulimenko acted as a crew commander. The team showed good results and in 1995 took an active part in the storming of Grozny. The tank battalion lost 2/3 of its personnel. However, the brave fighters led by Yuri did not flee from the battlefield, but went to the presidential palace.

Sulimenko's tank was surrounded by Dudayev's men. The team of fighters did not surrender; on the contrary, they began to conduct targeted fire at strategic targets. Despite the numerical superiority of the opponents, Yuri Sulimenko and his crew were able to inflict colossal losses on the militants.

The commander received dangerous wounds to his legs, burns to his body and face. Viktor Velichko, with the rank of sergeant major, was able to provide first aid to him in a burning tank, after which he carried him to safe place. These exploits of Russian soldiers in Chechnya did not go unnoticed. The fighters were awarded the titles of Heroes of the Russian Federation.

Yuri Sergeevich Igitov - hero posthumously

Very often, the exploits of Russian soldiers and officers these days become publicly known after the death of their heroes. This is exactly what happened in the case of Yuri Igitov. The private was awarded the title of Hero of the Russian Federation posthumously for performing a duty and a special task.

Yuri Sergeevich took part in the Chechen War. The private was 21 years old, but despite his youth, he showed courage and valor in the last seconds of his life. Igitov’s platoon was surrounded by Dudayev’s fighters. Most of the comrades died under numerous enemy shots. The brave private, at the cost of his life, covered the retreat of the surviving soldiers until the last bullet. When the enemy advanced, Yuri blew up a grenade without surrendering to the enemy.

Evgeny Rodionov - faith in God until his last breath

The exploits of Russian soldiers these days cause boundless pride among fellow citizens, especially when it comes to young boys who gave their lives for the peaceful sky above their heads. Yevgeny Rodionov showed boundless heroism and unshakable faith in God, who, under threat of death, refused to remove his pectoral cross.

Young Evgeniy was called to serve in 1995. Permanent service took place in the North Caucasus, at the border point of Ingushetia and Chechnya. Together with his comrades, he joined the guard on February 13. Carrying out their direct task, the soldiers stopped an ambulance in which weapons were transported. After this, the privates were captured.

For about 100 days, the soldiers were subjected to torture, severe beatings and humiliation. Despite unbearable pain, death threat, the fighters did not remove their crosses. For this, Evgeniy’s head was cut off, and the rest of his colleagues were shot on the spot. For martyrdom Evgeniy Rodionov was awarded posthumously.

Yanina Irina is an example of heroism and courage

The exploits of Russian soldiers today are not only the heroic deeds of men, but also incredible valor Russian women. The sweet, fragile girl took part in two combat operations as a nurse during the First Chechen war. 1999 became the third test in Irina’s life.

August 31, 1999 became fatal. At risk for own life nurse Ioannina saved more than 40 people by making three trips in an armored personnel carrier to the line of fire. Irina's fourth trip ended tragically. During the enemy counter-offensive, Yanina not only organized the lightning-fast loading of wounded soldiers, but also covered the retreat of her colleagues with machine gun fire.

Unfortunately for the girl, two grenades hit the armored personnel carrier. The nurse rushed to the aid of the wounded commander and 3rd private. Irina saved the young fighters from certain death, but did not have time to get out of the burning car herself. The armored personnel carrier's ammunition detonated.

For his valor and courage he was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Russian Federation. Irina is the only woman, which was awarded this title for operations in the North Caucasus.

Maroon beret posthumously

The exploits of Russian soldiers these days are known not only in Russia. The story about Sergei Burnaev leaves no one indifferent. Brown - that’s what his comrades called the commander - was in the “Vityaz”, a special division of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. In 2002, the detachment was sent to the city of Argun, where an underground weapons warehouse with numerous tunnels was discovered.

It was possible to reach the opponents only by going through an underground hole. Sergei Burnaev went first. The opponents opened fire on the fighter, who was able to answer the call of the militants in the darkness. The comrades were rushing to help, it was at that moment that Bury saw a grenade that was rolling towards the soldiers. Without hesitation, Sergei Burnaev covered the grenade with his body, thereby saving his colleagues from certain death.

For his accomplished feat, Sergei Burnaev was awarded the title of Hero of the Russian Federation. The school where he studied was open so that young people could remember the exploits of Russian soldiers and officers in our days. The parents were given a maroon beret in honor of the memory of the brave soldier.

Beslan: no one is forgotten

The exploits of Russian soldiers and officers these days are the best confirmation of the boundless courage of men in uniform. September 1, 2004 became a dark day in history North Ossetia and all of Russia. The seizure of the school in Beslan did not leave a single person indifferent. Andrei Turkin was no exception. The lieutenant took an active part in the operation to free the hostages.

At the very beginning of the rescue operation, he was wounded, but did not leave the school. Thanks to his professional skills, the lieutenant took an advantageous position in the dining room, where about 250 hostages were housed. The militants were eliminated, which increased the chances of a successful outcome of the operation.

However, a militant with a lead came to the aid of the terrorists. active action grenade. Turkin, without hesitation, rushed towards the bandit, holding the device between himself and the enemy. This action saved the lives of innocent children. The lieutenant posthumously became a Hero of the Russian Federation.

Combat Sun

On ordinary weekdays military service exploits of Russian soldiers are also often performed. or battalion commander Solntse, in 2012, during an exercise, he became hostage to a situation, the way out of which was a real feat. Saving his soldiers from death, the battalion commander closed own body an activated grenade that flew off the edge of the parapet. Thanks to Sergei’s dedication, tragedy was avoided. The battalion commander was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Russian Federation.

Whatever the exploits of Russian soldiers these days, every person should remember the valor and courage of the army. Only the memory of the actions of each of these heroes is a reward for the courage that cost them their lives.

During the Great Patriotic War incredible feat Not much was known about the simple Russian soldier Nikolai Sirotinin, as well as about the hero himself. Perhaps no one would ever have known about the feat of the twenty-year-old artilleryman. If not for one incident.

In the summer of 1942, an officer of the 4th died near Tula. tank division Wehrmacht Friedrich Fehnfeld. Soviet soldiers discovered his diary. From its pages, some details of that very last battle of Senior Sergeant Sirotinin became known.

It was the 25th day of the war...

In the summer of 1941 to Belarusian city The 4th Panzer Division of Guderian’s group, one of the most talented, broke through to Krichev German generals. Units of the 13th Soviet Army were forced to retreat. To cover the withdrawal of the artillery battery of the 55th Infantry Regiment, the commander left artilleryman Nikolai Sirotinin with a gun.

The order was brief: to delay the German tank column on the bridge over the Dobrost River, and then, if possible, catch up with our own. The senior sergeant carried out only the first half of the order...

Sirotinin took up a position in a field near the village of Sokolnichi. The gun sank in the tall rye. There is not a single noticeable landmark for the enemy nearby. But from here the highway and the river were clearly visible.

On the morning of July 17, a column of 59 tanks and armored vehicles with infantry appeared on the highway. When the lead tank reached the bridge, the first – successful – shot rang out. With the second shell, Sirotinin set fire to an armored personnel carrier at the tail of the column, thereby creating a traffic jam. Nikolai shot and shot, knocking out car after car.

Sirotinin fought alone, being both a gunner and a loader. It had 60 rounds of ammunition and a 76-mm cannon - an excellent weapon against tanks. And he made a decision: to continue the battle until the ammunition runs out.

The Nazis threw themselves to the ground in panic, not understanding where the shooting was coming from. The guns fired at random, across squares. After all, the day before, their reconnaissance had failed to detect Soviet artillery in the vicinity, and the division advanced without special precautions. The Germans attempted to clear the jam by dragging the damaged tank from the bridge with two other tanks, but they were also hit. An armored vehicle that tried to ford the river got stuck in a swampy bank, where it was destroyed. For a long time the Germans were unable to determine the location of the well-camouflaged gun; they believed that a whole battery was fighting them.

This unique battle lasted a little over two hours. The crossing was blocked. By the time Nikolai's position was discovered, he had only three shells left. When asked to surrender, Sirotinin refused and fired from his carbine to the last. Having entered Sirotinin's rear on motorcycles, the Germans destroyed the lone gun with mortar fire. At the position they found a lone gun and a soldier.

The result of the battle of Senior Sergeant Sirotinin against General Guderian is impressive: after the battle on the banks of the Dobrost River, the Nazis were missing 11 tanks, 7 armored vehicles, 57 soldiers and officers.

The tenacity of the Soviet soldier earned the respect of the Nazis. The commander of the tank battalion, Colonel Erich Schneider, ordered the worthy enemy to be buried with military honors.

From the diary of Chief Lieutenant of the 4th Panzer Division Friedrich Hoenfeld:

July 17, 1941. Sokolnichi, near Krichev. In the evening, an unknown Russian soldier was buried. He stood alone at the cannon, shot at a column of tanks and infantry for a long time, and died. Everyone was surprised at his courage... Oberst (Colonel - editor's note) said before the grave that if all the Fuhrer's soldiers fought like this Russian, they would conquer the whole world. They fired three times in volleys from rifles. After all, he is Russian, is such admiration necessary?

From the testimony of Olga Verzhbitskaya, a resident of the village of Sokolnichi:

I, Olga Borisovna Verzhbitskaya, born in 1889, a native of Latvia (Latgale), lived before the war in the village of Sokolnichi, Krichevsky district, together with my sister.

We knew Nikolai Sirotinin and his sister before the day of the battle. He was with a friend of mine, buying milk. He was very polite, always helping elderly women get water from the well and do other hard work.

I remember well the evening before the fight. On a log at the gate of the Grabskikh house I saw Nikolai Sirotinin. He sat and thought about something. I was very surprised that everyone was leaving, but he was sitting.

When the battle started, I was not home yet. I remember how the tracer bullets flew. He walked for about two to three hours. In the afternoon, the Germans gathered at the place where Sirotinin’s gun stood. They forced us, local residents, to come there too. To me, as someone who knows German, the main German of about fifty with orders, tall, bald, gray-haired, ordered his speech to be translated local people. He said that the Russian fought very well, that if the Germans had fought like that, they would have taken Moscow long ago, and that this is how a soldier should defend his homeland - the Fatherland.

Then a medallion was taken from the pocket of our dead soldier’s tunic. I firmly remember that it was written “the city of Orel”, Vladimir Sirotinin (I didn’t remember his middle name), that the name of the street was, as I remember, not Dobrolyubova, but Gruzovaya or Lomovaya, I remember that the house number was two digits. But we could not know who this Sirotinin Vladimir was - the father, brother, uncle of the murdered man or anyone else.

German main boss told me: “Take this document and write to your family. Let the mother know what a hero her son was and how he died.” Then a young German officer standing at Sirotinin’s grave came up and snatched a piece of paper and a medallion from me and said something rudely.

The Germans fired a volley of rifles in honor of our soldier and put a cross on the grave, hanging his helmet, pierced by a bullet.

I myself clearly saw the body of Nikolai Sirotinin, even when he was lowered into the grave. His face was not covered in blood, but his tunic on the left side had a large bloody stain, the helmet was broken, there were many shell casings lying around.

Since our house was located not far from the battle site, next to the road to Sokolnichi, the Germans stood near us. I myself heard how they talked for a long time and admiringly about the feat of the Russian soldier, counting shots and hits. Some of the Germans, even after the funeral, stood for a long time at the gun and the grave and talked quietly.

February 29, 1960

Testimony of telephone operator M.I. Grabskaya:

I, Maria Ivanovna Grabskaya, born in 1918, worked as a telephone operator at DEU 919 in Krichev, lived in native village Sokolnichi, three kilometers from the city of Krichev.

I remember the events of July 1941 well. About a week before the Germans arrived, Soviet artillerymen settled in our village. The headquarters of their battery was in our house, the battery commander was a senior lieutenant named Nikolai, his assistant was a lieutenant named Fedya, and of the soldiers I remember most of all the Red Army soldier Nikolai Sirotinin. The fact is that the senior lieutenant very often called this soldier and entrusted him, as the most intelligent and experienced one, with this and that task.

He was slightly above average height, dark brown hair, a simple, cheerful face. When Sirotinin and senior lieutenant Nikolai decided to dig a dugout for the local residents, I saw how he deftly threw the earth, I noticed that he was apparently not from the boss’s family. Nikolai answered jokingly:

“I am a worker from Orel, and to physical labor I'm not used to it. We Orlovites know how to work.”

Today in the village of Sokolnichi there is no grave in which the Germans buried Nikolai Sirotinin. Three years after the war, his remains were transferred to a mass burial site Soviet soldiers in Krichev.

Residents of Belarus remember and honor the feat of the brave artilleryman. In Krichev there is a street named after him, and a monument has been erected. But, despite the fact that Sirotinin’s feat, thanks to the efforts of the workers of the Soviet Army Archive, was recognized back in 1960, he was not awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. A painfully absurd circumstance got in the way: the soldier’s family did not have his photograph. And it is necessary to apply for a high rank.

Today there is only pencil sketch, made after the war by one of his colleagues. In the year of the 20th anniversary of the Victory, senior sergeant Sirotinin was awarded the Order Patriotic War of the first degree. Posthumously. This is the story.

Memory

In 1948, the remains of Nikolai Sirotinin were reburied in a mass grave (according to the registration card military burial on the OBD Memorial website - in 1943), on which there is a monument in the form of a sculpture of a soldier grieving for his fallen comrades, and on the marble plaques in the list of those buried the surname N.V. Sirotinin is indicated.

In 1960, Sirotinin was posthumously awarded the Order of the Patriotic War, 1st degree.

In 1961, at the site of the feat, a monument was erected near the highway in the form of an obelisk with the name of the hero, near which a real 76-mm gun was installed on a pedestal. In the city of Krichev, a street is named after Sirotinin.

Installed at the Tekmash plant in Orel memorial plaque With brief information about N.V. Sirotinin.

The Museum of Military Glory in Secondary School No. 17 in the city of Orel contains materials dedicated to N.V. Sirotinin.

In 2015, the council of school No. 7 in the city of Oryol petitioned to name the school after Nikolai Sirotinin. Nikolai’s sister Taisiya Vladimirovna was present at the ceremonial events. The name for the school was chosen by the students themselves based on the search and information work they did.

When reporters asked Nikolai’s sister why Nikolai volunteered to cover the division’s retreat, Taisiya Vladimirovna replied: “My brother could not have done otherwise.”

The feat of Nikolai Sirotinin is an example of loyalty to the Motherland for all our youth.

The Japanese Mikado and his crafty well-wishers. Poster of the Russo-Japanese War: 1904-1905

Varangian

The selfless feat of the crew of the battle cruiser "Varyag", who wrote their name in the tablets of the folk Myth with their blood, is one of the most dramatic episodes in the history of the Russian army. Just like a thousand years ago, the Varangians fought to the last, preferring a triumphant death to a shameful retreat. Their glorious feat, immortalized by skald-poets in hymns and songs, has been well known to every Russian since childhood. It is these hymns that we will tell you in more detail.

At the very beginning Russo-Japanese War the cruiser "Varyag" and the gunboat "Koreets" were in the neutral Korean port of Chemulpo at the disposal of the Russian embassy in Seoul; ships from other countries (England, France, USA, etc.) were also located in Chemulpo. On January 27 (February 9), 1904, the captain of the cruiser "Varyag" Vsevolod Fedorovich Rudnev received an ultimatum from the Japanese squadron, Rear Admiral Uriu: to leave the port before 12 o'clock, otherwise Russian ships will be attacked in the roadstead. Rudnev decided to fight his way to Port Arthur, and in case of failure, blow up the ships. At noon, "Varyag" and "Koreets" left Chemulpo. French and English ships met the advancing Varyag with an orchestra. The ship captains saluted Russian sailors. When leaving the port at a distance of 10 miles, the ships met a Japanese squadron. After a tense hour-long battle with multiple superior forces enemy, it was decided not to retreat, but to scuttle the ships.

Russia was filled with anger... The rumor about the death of the "Varyag" and "Korean", unfortunately, was confirmed. An entire Japanese squadron approached Chemulpo and it is clear that one cruiser and a small gunboat could not fight such a squadron. They couldn’t... but still they fought. When the Varyag's mast was knocked down and serious damage was sustained in the stern - damage that resulted in a fire, the Varyag withdrew along with the Koreyets to the internal roadstead. Here our sailors, true to their ancient military duty that “Russians do not give up,” blew up the “Koreyets”, and the “Varyag” burned down and sank.<...>

The news of the feat at Chemulpo spread not only across Russia but throughout Europe, where every self-respecting printed edition considered it my duty to devote at least a couple of lines to this heroic battle. One of these publications, the German literary and artistic magazine "Jugend", published a poem on its pages on February 25, 1904 Austrian poet Rudolf Greinz "Der "Warjag".

Already in March, this heroic poem appeared first in the St. Petersburg magazine “Sea and Life”, and then in the “New Journal” foreign literature, arts and sciences.” Both Greinz's original and the Russian translation made by Evgenia Mikhailovna Studenskaya (poetess and translator, graduated from the Faculty of History and Philosophy of St. Petersburg University, wife of Germanist professor F.A. Braun) were published. Thus, the poems of the Austrian poet, who sang the feat of Russian Arms, took root on Russian soil:

Up, comrades, everything is in place!

The last parade is coming!
Our proud “Varyag” does not surrender to the enemy,
Nobody wants mercy!

All the pennants flutter and the chains rattle,
Raising the anchor up.
The guns are preparing for battle in a row,
Sparkling ominously in the sun!

From the faithful pier we go into battle,
Towards the death that threatens us,
We will die for our Motherland in the open sea,
Where the yellow-faced devils wait!

It whistles, and thunders, and rumbles all around.
The thunder of guns, the hiss of a shell,
And our fearless, our faithful “Varyag” became
Like absolute hell!

Bodies tremble in their death throes,
All around there is roar, and smoke, and groans,
And the ship is engulfed in a sea of ​​fire, -
The moment of farewell has come.

Farewell, comrades! With God, hurray!
The boiling sea is below us!
We didn’t think about it yesterday,
Why should we fall asleep under the waves today?

Neither the stone nor the cross will tell where they lay down
For the glory of the Russian flag,
Only the waves of the sea will glorify
The heroic death of the “Varyag”!

A student of the orchestra of the 12th Astrakhan Grenadier Regiment, Alexey Turishchev, felt so deeply the bitterness of the defeat of the Russian squadron in Port Arthur that in one night he wrote the march “Our proud “Varyag” does not surrender to the enemy.” For the first time, poems by E. Studenskaya to the music of A. Turishchev were performed at a gala reception given by Emperor Nicholas II in honor of the officers and sailors of the Varyag and Koreyets.

The march song in the form in which we know it now is an already modified piece of music, the result of the interaction of at least four melodies: A. B. Vilensky (his melodic recitation was published in March 1904), I. N. Yakovlev, I. M. Kornosevich and A. S. Turishchev. As for the test, during the First World War, the third, “intolerant” verse was removed from the full Russian translation, because the “yellow-faced devils” were already allies then. It is noteworthy that in the folk version this verse continued to be performed, and sometimes in an even more harsh form -

We will die for the faith, the Tsar and the Fatherland,
Hold on, you crooked devils!

In fairness, the “crooked devils” should be given their due. The Japanese were extremely impressed by the sacrificial feat of the Russian sailors, which corresponded to the samurai code of honor. At the end of the Russo-Japanese War, the Japanese government created a museum in Seoul in memory of the heroes of the Varyag and awarded the captain of the cruiser Vsevolod Fedorovich Rudnev with the Order Rising Sun(Japanese order, second in seniority after the Order of the Chrysanthemum). WotanJugend - INFO

Defense of Port Arthur, a feat of a Russian officer

French lithograph from the magazine “Le Petit Parisien” caption: “Russian captain Lebedev single-handedly defends the bastion of Port Arthur”

Soon an order was received to disarm the clipper Zabiyaka. The ship's commander, captain II rank Alexander Vasilyevich Lebedev and the crew went ashore to strengthen the land defense of the Port Arthur fortress. Lebedev was appointed commander of a naval battalion. On August 23, a fierce battle broke out. After concentrated fire that reduced the redoubts to rubble, the Japanese stormed redoubt No. 1. Reserves were sent there. At the fort, the Japanese hoisted their flag. But this flag not only inspired Japanese soldiers, but also added anger to our soldiers. Captain Lebedev, who came to the rescue, could not, did not want to see this flag over the fort. He made a passionate speech to his soldiers and rushed ahead of them to the fort. The sailors followed their commander. Lebedev, according to eyewitnesses, sailors and riflemen, mowed down many Japanese with his heavy broadsword and served as an example for everyone. In his left hand he had a revolver from which he shot at the huddled Japanese, and with his right hand he dealt fatal blows. When the cartridges ran out, he beat his enemies with a revolver like a club.

“We have never seen a braver fighter than this!” - said the survivors in this case.

Lebedev reached the Japanese flag and threw it off the parapet. As soon as the Japanese noticed that their soldiers began to run back one by one and that the redoubt had been taken back by the Russians, they opened hellish artillery fire again. Our brave men had to take cover wherever they could, so as not to be destroyed by the mass of shells exploding over the redoubt.
Lebedev, having finished with the Japanese, remained for a moment at the redoubt.

“Your honor,” the lower ranks, who already have some experience in battles, shout to him, “hide!” Now the artillery will begin!

But he did not listen, took off his cap and wiped his sweaty forehead with a handkerchief. At this time, Japanese shrapnel exploded above him; several shrapnel bullets pierced the skull and Lebedev was gone.... The redoubts changed hands four times that day and, finally, our troops cleared them.

On the hills of Manchuria

In February 1905, the 214th Moksha Infantry Regiment was surrounded by the Japanese in heavy battles near Mukden. When the forces of the defenders were running out and ammunition was running out, the regiment commander, Colonel Pyotr Pobyvanets, gave the order: “Banner and orchestra - forward!..” Bandmaster Ilya Shatrov led the orchestra to the parapet of the trenches, gave the order to play a battle march and led the orchestra forward behind the regimental banner . Inspired soldiers rushed into a bayonet attack. During the battle, the regiment continuously attacked the Japanese to the music of the orchestra and, in the end, broke through the encirclement. During the battle, the regiment commander died, of the 4,000 members of the regiment, 700 people remained, and only 7 musicians from the orchestra remained alive. For this feat, all orchestra musicians were awarded St. George's crosses and silver pipes. Ilya Shatrov “for distinguishing himself against the Japanese at different times” was awarded the Order of Stanislav, third degree with swords.
In memory heroic battle 214th infantry regiment and Ilya Shatrov dedicated the waltz “Moksha Regiment on the Hills of Manchuria” to his fallen comrades. It came to us with the truncated title “On the Hills of Manchuria.”