Prokhorov Zinon. autobiography

Meadow Mari, non-partisan, guard lieutenant,

Hero Soviet Union,

commanded a rifle platoon of the Guards rifle regiment,

participant of the Great Patriotic War:

took part in the Battle of Stalingrad,

in battles on Kursk Bulge, Dnieper, Ukraine, Moldova and Romania.

Prokhorov Zinon Filippovich was born on September 11, 1909 in the village of Bolshie Olykyaly (Kugu Olykyal) of the Karai village council of the Volga region of the Mari Republic. Translated into Russian it means “Meadow Village” (olyk - meadow, yal - village). It is located at the junction of two republics - Mari El and Tatarstan. At that time it was the Sotnursky volost of the Cheboksary district of the Kazan province. Born and raised in an ordinary large family Mari peasants. Father, Philip Petrovich and mother Ksenia Tikhonovna raised eleven children in the family: Fyodor, Anastasia and Andrey (twins), Alexander, Dmitry, Peter, Evdokia, Alexandra, Tatyana, Marina and Zinon. The youngest was Zinon.

At the age of 9, he was sent to study in the first grade of the Nikolsko-Kukmorsky zemstvo school in the neighboring Russian village of Nikolskoye. This was in the fall of 1918. At that time the Civil War was going on. Life was difficult; there was not enough bread.

Zinon graduated from the 4th grade of this school with a certificate of merit. Then he continued his studies at the Sotnur School of Peasant Youth (SHKM).

In the hungry year of 1921, the family was left without a breadwinner - father Philip Petrovich died. The mother, Ksenia Tikhonovna, had to raise her six surviving children alone. The children grew up obedient and hardworking. And even the youngest of them, Zinon, helped his mother with housework in every possible way. The boy still managed to finish in 1921 primary school, after which Zinon decided to study further.

In the fall of 1922, he was already going to the Sotnur school. During his studies, he enjoyed great authority and respect from his comrades and teaching staff. Zinon's comrades remember him as good friend. He loved fiction, music, and drawing. Zinon read especially a lot about the heroes of the Civil War.

In 1925, Zinon successfully graduated from the Sotnur seven-year school, and until 1927 he worked on his native farm.

In 1929, the collective farm “Pamashtur” (“Spring”) was organized in the village of Bolshoi Olykyal. The Prokhorov family did not join it, and therefore soon the village troika from the poor peasants’ committee decided to “dispossess” the family and send them to Siberia. So the Prokhorovs ended up in the Urals, in the city of Nizhny Tagil. Zinon worked at a factory, and in the evenings he played in an orchestra.

In 1930, after consideration of the application in Moscow, the Prokhorov family was allowed to return home. Upon returning to the village, they found only four pillars from the gate - this is all that remained from the former farm. The house was dismantled and stolen by the remaining residents. Zinon and his three brothers - Fyodor, Andrey and Alexander - joined the collective farm and began to work with other village boys and girls on the collective farm field.

In 1936, on the recommendation of the Karai Komsomol cell, Zinon was sent from the Pamashtur collective farm to a tractor driver course at the Sotnur Machine and Tractor Station (MTS). At the same time he was accepted into the Komsomol. After completing the courses, Zinon began working in Alexei Morozov’s team.

In the fall of 1937, Zinon Prokhorov was called up for active duty. military service into the ranks of the Red Army. Served in the Belarusian Military District.

At the beginning of 1938, he was sent to the regimental school for junior commanders. However, due to the worsening international situation classes were interrupted. The Red Army crossed the Polish border on September 17. So Prokhorov found himself a participant in the liberation campaign. Already at the new location of his unit, Zinon graduated from the regimental school. He was awarded the title junior sergeant and was appointed squad leader. With the outbreak of the war with the White Finns, their motorized division was transferred to Karelian Isthmus.

Summer 1940 part of Zinon Prokhorov ended up in the Baltic states. Soon he was offered to go study to become a machine gun platoon commander. Prokhorov agreed and received a short-term leave home. When the end of active service in the army approached in August 1940, Zinon was called to the regimental headquarters, where the chief of staff informed him of the command’s decision to recommend him for a three-month training course for junior officers in the Ukrainian city of Ovruch. During the course, he was appointed commander of the cadet squad. The archives of the Ministry of Defense contain the personal file of Zinon Prokhorov, where the exam sheet says: “Fire training - good. Combat training - excellent. Technical means fighting is good. Physical training- Great".

By order of the People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR dated March 6, 1941 to Prokhorov Z.F. was awarded the officer rank of junior lieutenant. Upon returning to his unit, he served in the Kiev Military District as a platoon commander.

On June 22, 1941, platoon commander Z. Prokhorov raised his soldiers on combat alert, and on the second day of the war, August 23, they entered into battle with the Germans. For almost three months, the machine gunners of Prokhorov’s platoon were in continuous battle.

On September 15, 1941, Zinon Prokhorov was seriously wounded and was sent to the hospital Southwestern Front.

After the course of treatment, Zinon Filippovich never returned to his unit. From reserve officers front he was sent to the 422nd Siberian Rifle Division, which arrived at Stalingrad Front With Far East. The entire further combat path of the platoon commander, Lieutenant Prokhorov Z.F. He served in the 1st company of the 1st battalion of the 235th Guards Rifle Regiment of the 422nd Rifle Division.

During Battle of Stalingrad The division fought the hardest battles between the Don and Volga rivers, defending the approaches to the city from the south. During Battle of Stalingrad by order Supreme High Command The 422nd division was renamed the 81st Guards Division of the 7th Guards (previously 64) Army.

After the end of the Battle of Stalingrad, the 81st Guards arrived on the Voronezh Front and took part in the Battle of Kursk. Machine gun platoon of Lieutenant Prokhorov Z.F. took positions on the left bank of the Severny Donets River. In August 1943, the famous 81st guards division participated in the liberation of Belgorod.

During the days of intense battles to destroy the Germans surrounded in the Chisinau cauldron, Prokhorov received a promotion. He was appointed commander of a rifle company in his native regiment. Prokhorov's fighting friend S. Prokopchuk became battalion commander.

On June 22, 1941, platoon commander Z. F. Prokhorov alerted his soldiers, and on the second day of the war, June 23, they entered into battle with the Germans. For almost three months, the machine gunners of Prokhorov’s platoon were in continuous battle.

On September 15, 1941, Zinon Prokhorov was seriously wounded and was sent to the hospital of the Southwestern Front.

Z. F. Prokhorov especially distinguished himself in battles on the territory of Romania in September 1944. On September 19, the platoon he commanded fought for the heights on the outskirts of the village of Khodosh. The advance of the fighters was hampered by strong machine-gun fire from an enemy bunker. Guard Lieutenant Prokhorov, with a bunch of grenades in his hand, crawled towards the enemy’s firing point. When no more than 15 meters remained to the enemy machine gun, Prokhorov prepared to throw grenades, but the enemy bullet penetrated right hand. Then Zinon crawled closer and, lying down, threw a bunch of grenades with his left hand. After a strong explosion, the machine gun fell silent. Prokhorov stood up to his full height and shouted: “Forward! For the Motherland! But at this time the machine gun started working again. Prokhorov was seriously wounded, but, having collected last strength, rushed to the machine gun and covered the embrasure of the enemy bunker with his body.

By Decree of the Presidium Supreme Council USSR on March 24, 1945, for the exemplary performance of combat missions of the command on the front of the fight against the German invaders and the courage and heroism shown, Guard Lieutenant Prokhorov Zinon Filippovich was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union (posthumously).

Buried in mass grave Soviet soldiers in the city of Targu Mures (Romania).

• medal " Golden Star" - 1945
• Order of Lenin (1945)
• Order of the Red Banner
• Order of the Patriotic War, 2nd degree - 1985
• 2 Orders of the Red Star
• numerous medals

Streets in cities are named after the Hero Volzhsk and Yoshkar-Ola, in the villages Big Olykyal And Karay. Memorial plaques installed in the Sotnurskaya school of the Volzhsky district, Sotnurskaya MTS, Olykyalsky House-Museum, Prokhorov street in Yoshkar-Ola. Busts of the hero were installed in Yoshkar-Ola on the Alley of Heroes, on the Alley of Heroes in Volzhsk, in front of the Karaisky CDDC "Erviy", on the Alley of Heroes in Bolshoy Olykyal. The collective farm is named after him.

In the village of Bolshie Olykyaly there is a house-museum of the Prokhorov family. Hundreds of people visit it: to honor the memory dead hero, listen to educational episodes about his childhood and adolescence. All guests are warmly greeted by a native of the Mari land, looking at them kindly from the pedestal, with open eyes, signaling deep devotion to the humane people.

Since 1978, a museum named after Zinon Prokhorov has been opened in Karai, in the Erviy House of Culture. From the moment of its founding, it was led by the hero’s nephew Arkady Fedorovich Maksimov, who throughout his life, bit by bit, collected information about the life of his relative, talking with his fellow soldiers, pioneer explorers. And since 2007, Alevtina Vitalievna Gordeeva, a local teacher of geography and history, began to manage the museum.

Region Mari El Republic

Military rank guard lieutenant

Locality: Volzhsk

Battle path

On August 31, 1944, in the area of ​​​​the Bezymyannaya height, with his platoon he repelled 8 enemy counterattacks during the day, while he himself personally destroyed 30 Nazi soldiers and officers with a machine gun.

On September 19, 1944, the company received a combat mission to attack the heights on the outskirts of the village of Khodosh and capture it. Guard Lieutenant Z.F. Prokhorov, who found himself in front of his platoon, with a grenade in his hand, crawled up the slope to the enemy’s firing point. There was no more than 15 meters left to the German machine gun, and the brave officer prepared to throw a grenade. But an enemy bullet pierced the brave man’s hand - the grenade fell out of his hands. Then the commander, gathering his last strength, rushed to the machine gun and covered it with his body. The machine gun fell silent. Guard Lieutenant Z. F. Prokhorov died heroically on September 19, 1944, repeating the feat of Alexander Matrosov. On March 24, 1945, Z. F. Prokhorov was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

“Guard Lieutenant Comrade Prokhorov Zinon Filippovich, for the exemplary performance of combat missions of the command on the front of the fight against the German invaders and the courage and heroism shown, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, by its Decree of March 24, 1945, awarded you the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR _____ Voroshilov

Secretary of the Presidium of the Supreme Council _____ Shvernik

Memories

Prokhorov Zinon. AUTOBIOGRAPHY

I, Prokhorov Zinon Filippovich, was born on September 11, 1909 in the village of Olykyal, Kurykumbalsky village council, Volga region, Mari Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic.
Before being drafted into the Red Army, he worked on the collective farm named after Chapaev, worked for one year as a tractor driver in the Sotnur MTS, and fulfilled production tasks 200%. Education 5 classes, studied at the Sotnur National School, completed his studies in 1929. I have not been brought to court, I have no repressed relatives.
Nationality: Mari, non-partisan. He was not a member of any opposition.
From 1937 to December 1940 he served in the Red Army. In October 1938 he completed training at the regimental school. From October 1938 to September 1940 he was a squad commander. Participated in liberation campaign to Poland and in the active Red Army in Finland.
September 29, 1940 I was sent to Ovruch for training courses for reserve commanders. In Ovruch he graduated from the machine-gun CUPS. On December 16, 1940, after serving in the Red Army, he received a long-term leave. I’m not married, I have a 64-year-old mother.”
(Personal file No. 1850906, Podolsk, Moscow region, Main Archive of the Ministry of Defense).

Prokhorova Tatyana Filippovna, sister

I remember my mother’s story that Zinona gave birth when in the evening she came from mowing the buckwheat field of the landowner, retired general Gerken.”
At the age of 9, he was sent to study in the first grade of the Nikolsko-Kukmorsky zemstvo school in the neighboring Russian village of Nikolskoye. Zinon graduated from the 4th grade of this school with a certificate of merit. Then he continued his studies at the Sotnur School of Peasant Youth (SHKM).

Sidorov Dmitry Stepanovich, fellow countryman

The distance from the village of Bolshie Olykyaly to the village of Sotnur is more than 15 kilometers, so Zinon lived with us. He was noted for his love of reading fiction and drawing. I read a lot about heroes civil war. On the porch of our house I painted the Sotnur Church

Alexey Morozov, foreman

The first year he worked in my brigade, he was assigned to the collective farms of the Nagorinsky village council. Needless to say, Zinon was a hardworking guy. Always saved fuel. Who was the first in the brigade? Zinon Filippovich. He received awards more than once, and his name was always on the Honor Board. A year later, the MTS directorate, noticing Zinon’s diligence and diligence, appointed him assistant to the foreman of A. Gerasimova’s tractor brigade, serving the collective farms of the Kukmorsky village council. He showed his skills there too. He brought the brigade to the forefront...

Nikolai Ivanovich Vasiliev, resident of the village of Obymbal, war and labor veteran

I studied in 1917-1921 in Kytansolinskaya parochial school. Our teacher was Alexander Antonovich Antonov, who arrived from Morki. In November-December 1936, recruitment for tractor driver training courses was carried out in Sotnur. By decision of the Komsomol cell, I was sent to the Sotnursky MTS. Yakovlev Stepan Petrovich became its organizer and first director. At first there were no tractors. Stepan Petrovich was a good persistent organizer and soon 32 tractors were driven from Pomar. Kerosene and everything necessary were brought from Kazan. Field work has begun. They worked in two shifts, and the shift was 12 hours. I was made a foreman. In the brigade, Zinon Prokhorov and Pyotr Artemyevich Efimov worked on the same tractor. Both were efficient and hardworking. Zinon was very sociable and had many friends. Then Zinon, Efimov and Leonid Vasilyev were made mentors and the girls Olga Vasilyeva, Ksenia Ivanova and Ustinya Danilova began working in their team.

Prokhorov family

Date of birth (old style)
1 Father Philip Petrovich January 2, 1870
2 Mother Ksenia Tikhonovna 1870
3 Son Podyr (Fedor) July 5, 1895
4 Son Ondrii (Andrey) October 24, 1896
5 Daughter Naistuk (Anastasia) October 24, 1896
6 Son Echai (Alexander) April 1, 1898
7 Son Metri (Dimitri) October 16, 1900
8 Son Potyr (Peter) January 15, 1901
9 Daughter Ovychay (Evdokia) February 12, 1904
10 Daughter Alexandra (Alexandra) November 2, 1905
11 Daughter Chachuk (Tatiana) January 1, 1907
12 Daughter Marina 1908
13 Son Zinon August 29, 1909

Stepan Prokopchuk, deputy commander of the guard battalion, captain

One day a lightweight approached the positions german tank. With targeted fire, our machine gunners forced the enemy vehicle to stop. Taking advantage of the confusion of the crew, Prokhorov’s soldiers forced the Germans to surrender, and he himself, a former tractor driver, climbed into the tank and, driving the car towards the German trenches, began to “iron” them, causing panic among the Nazis and raising the morale of the Soviet soldiers.

The regiment commander set the scouts the task of getting the “tongue.” Dark autumn night Prokhorov and I with two groups of scouts entered the occupied Russian village. In the village, the scouts quickly got the “tongue”, gagged him and tied his hands with a rope. But at the exit from the village, we unexpectedly encountered a group of about 40 fascist machine gunners. Engaging in battle with them meant inevitable death and failure of the operation. But Prokhorov quickly reacted and entered into a dialogue with the German commander in... his native Mari language. German officer Having heard an incomprehensible speech, he illuminated the angry, impassive face of his interlocutor with a flashlight and, not understanding anything, gave way. Obviously, he mistook our scouts for his allies - Hungarians or Romanians. This is how Zinon Prokhorov saved the lives of his comrades. He later explained to his comrades that he said to the German: “Who called you here, go your way, you bastards!”

I.K. Morozov, commander of the 81st Guards Rifle Krasnograd Red Banner Division, Major General

On September 19, 1944, our guards, having driven the enemy to the forest, occupied the town of Mikaza. The battle for the village of Khodosh began. The guards company of the Yassy regiment, commanded by Guards Lieutenant Z. Prokhorov, attacked the heights under enemy machine-gun fire. The soldiers lay down. Then Lieutenant Prokhorov, with grenades in his hands, crawled towards the machine gun. Prokhorov prepared to throw a grenade, but did not have time: an enemy bullet pierced his hand. And the machine gun kept shooting. There's not a minute to lose. Then he rose to his full height, rushed at the machine gun and covered it with his body and silenced it.

From the book “How the Guards Regiments Fought”

S. G. Prokopchuk, eyewitness of Zinon’s feat

On a warm autumn day on September 19, 1944, there was a fierce battle with the Magyars and the Germans. Having fortified themselves on the hills, the Nazis stubbornly resisted. The company, commanded by Z.F. Prokhorov, fought for the heights on the outskirts of the village of Khodosh. The advance of the fighters was hampered by heavy machine-gun fire. Guard Lieutenant Prokhorov, with a bunch of anti-tank grenades in his hand, crawled towards the enemy’s firing point. When no more than 15 meters remained to the enemy machine gun, Prokhorov prepared to throw grenades, but an enemy bullet pierced his right hand. Then Zinon crawled closer and, lying down, threw a bunch of grenades with his left hand. After a strong explosion, the machine gun fell silent. Prokhorov stood up to his full height and shouted: “Forward! For the Motherland! But at this time the machine gun started working again. Prokhorov was seriously wounded, but, gathering his last strength, rushed to the machine gun and covered the embrasure of the enemy bunker with his body.

Arkady Fedorovich Maksimov, head of the Museum of Hero of the Soviet Union Z. F. Prokhorov

In front of me are documents about the life and feat of Hero of the Soviet Union Zinon Filippovich Prokhorov. Folders with documents collected over several decades. I leaf through them, read them, and a man appears before me extraordinary fate and amazing devotion to duty...
He was born in the village of Olykyal, Volga region, into a large peasant family: Philip Petrovich and Ksenia Tikhonovna Prokhorov had 11 children, Zinon was the youngest. Not all of them lived to old age, but various reasons five died at an early age, and Fyodor, Andrey, Alexander, Evdokia, Tatyana and Zinon grew up, studied, and worked like all their fellow villagers.

“My mother told us,” recalls Hero’s sister Tatyana Filippovna Maksimova, who is now 93 years old and alive and well, “that she almost gave birth to Zinon on the landowner’s field, where she and the village women went to mow buckwheat, but managed to run home, and then the time came to accept the youngest into the family.
Zinon grew up as a strong and hard-working boy, was diligent and obedient in everything, and strived for knowledge.

He studied at the Nikolsk Zemstvo School, after the revolution of 1917 he continued his studies at the Sotnur School, where he graduated from 5 classes. He was the only one in the family who received such an education; the other children were limited to a two-year school.

His father died in the 1921 famine year, which then claimed the lives of many peasants. Philip Petrovich did not have the opportunity to feed his family, even the last working horse was given to the knife for meat so that the family would not die of hunger, but even this did not save the head of the family...

Several more years passed. The brothers separated, started their own families, both sisters got married in neighboring villages: Evdokia - in Inerymbal, Tatyana - in Maloe Ivanovo. Only Zinon was left with his mother, who had to start farming early.

The year 1931 has arrived. In the village of Bolshoy Olykyal they began to organize the collective farm "Pamashtur" (near the spring). The peasants entered with reluctance, many doubted the benefits of the new social and economic activity, and did not believe in the party’s policies. Many were angry that the collective farm was given the best fertile lands. And the Prokhorov brothers were the first to enter.

At a peasant meeting on the issue of joining the collective farm, a representative from the Zvenigovsky cantial executive committee heard shouts: “Why did they take away our best plots of land?” "Why did the Prokhorovs get a rich harvest?"

To which the elder brother Fyodor, taking off his torn earflaps and throwing them on the floor, said: “You don’t want to work, you’re quitters, you’re not even worth my torn hat” (according to the recollections of eyewitness V.G. Krasnov) This turned many against the Prokhorov family peasants who demanded their dispossession.

The Prokhorovs’ household was almost no different from others in the village. Unless they kept more livestock and sawed the wood and transported it to Kazan for sale. But others were also involved in this trade. Nevertheless, the sentence was harsh.

The following document has been preserved in the RME archive - the minutes of the meeting of the presidium of the Zvenigovsky cantistal executive committee dated 01/01/01, which records: “Prokhorov Z.F. from the village of Bolshoy Olykyal of the Nagorinsky village council - the son of a large timber merchant - together with his father was engaged in the timber trade using hired labor. The Presidium decides: the farm of the kulak Z.F. Prokhorov should be dispossessed, and he himself should be evicted from the Maroblast with his entire family.”

This document contradicts common sense and raises involuntary questions: “What happened 10 years after the death of Zinon’s father? How did he become responsible for his deceased father? Why was the family deprived of their farm and property? Nevertheless, the family was sent to the Urals - to Nizhny Tagil, where Zinon worked at a metallurgical plant factory. All the repressed lived in barracks, in terrible conditions - in poverty, hunger.

After 4 years, Zinon returned to his native village, completed a tractor driver course in the village of Sotnur, then worked at the Sotnur MTS, achieving high labor productivity. At the end of 1937, three tractor drivers, including Zinon, were called up for active service in the army, all three became participants in the Finnish war.

By the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, Prokhorov had already graduated from the regimental school, officer courses, and commanded a rifle company. AND early morning On June 23, 1941, his unit entered battle with the enemy. The machine gunners met uninvited guests a flurry of fire. For almost 3 months they were in continuous battles. On September 15, in the midst of a fierce battle, the commander was seriously wounded. Zinon was taken to the Southwestern Front hospital, where he underwent treatment.

After the hospital, Prokhorov was sent to the 422nd Rifle Division, arriving at the front from the Far East. The division fought heavy battles between the Don and Volga rivers. As part of the formation, Prokhorov took part in the Battle of Stalingrad.

IN heavy battles near Stalingrad, the young officer matured and gained experience, showing a personal example of courage and bravery to his subordinates. Initiative, resourcefulness in difficult battle conditions, and creative execution of orders earned him the respect of soldiers and senior ranks. He showed real fighting and leadership qualities, as described by his regiment commander, Guard Colonel Hero of the Soviet Union G. T. Skiruta; battalion commander, Major S. G. Prokopchuk; squad commander, sergeant P.V. Mitkov, sergeant radio operator A.G. Zhukov and others (now they are all alive and are in mutual correspondence with the museum, they met with us many times, they were invited to the village of Bolshoi Olykyal, the Hero’s homeland) .
"He showed miracles of courage during the events on Oryol-Kursk Bulge when 235 rifle regiment got into a difficult situation. “Our unit broke away from the enemy, but found itself surrounded. Lieutenant Prokhorov suggested getting out of sight of the enemy and moving through the swampy area of ​​the river tributary Seversky Donets and connect with your unit, which was already fighting on another sector of the front. When hope for our return was lost, Lieutenant Prokhorov saved us,” writes a former soldier from the city of Shumerlya (Chuvashia) in his memoirs.

Once, during the period of breakthrough of the enemy defense on the Iasi-Chisinau arc, it was noticed at the command post that a German tank light type"iron" his trenches. Stepan Prokopchuk says;

"I was tasked with finding out what was going on. When I crawled up to specified location, it turned out that during the battle a group of our soldiers led by Zinon Prokhorov captured a German tank with its crew. Prokhorov himself sat down at the levers of the tank. This was so unexpected for the Germans that panic began among them. But this raised the morale of our soldiers. As it turned out later: Zinon Prokhorov alone destroyed about one company German soldiers."

There were many successes and failures in military life. In any case, death was always looking me in the eye and was ready to swallow me at any second. But the fearless commander Prokhorov was not afraid of her. It was compared to the Siberian lynx. “We should not be afraid of the fascists, and they should not be afraid of us: we are defending our Motherland, they are our despicable enemies,” the lieutenant told his subordinates.

Here is another episode told by witnesses of the battles: “...On the opposite bank of the river in the village of Ivanovka the Germans stood. We were given the task: to capture the “tongue” and bring him to the unit. With two groups of scouts, we entered the village on a dark autumn night. We heard who He sang in German. We quickly tied him up and gagged him with a rag. We had to walk a little way to the end of the village, but suddenly about 40 machine gunners came out of the alley opposite us. What should we do? Wake up the German soldiers who were in the houses. , Zinon Prokhorov stepped forward and found himself in front of the German machine gunners. The German officer gave a command to his soldiers and let us all through. Then we learned that Zinon Prokhorov was speaking to him in the Mari language. allies - Hungarians, Romanians or Italians. Thus, he saved 20 scouts from death."

August 21, 1944 is a memorable day. Prokhorov's company, as part of formations, reached the border with Romania. The offensive was in the direction of the city of Tirgu Mures. Having broken the desperate resistance of the Germans, parts of the division crossed the Oltul River. “On September 19, 1944, the 235th Infantry Regiment advanced on the Romanian village of Khodosh. The terrain was favorable for the defenders. At the heights, the Germans placed firing points in bunkers, with a wide range of fire. The terrain is flat.

Company commander Prokhorov led his unit to approach the enemy. We reached our starting position. As soon as the fighters rose to attack, a machine gun suddenly struck from the flank. The company lay down, the soldiers pressed tightly to the ground. Several soldiers were sent to destroy the machine gun, but they all died. Then the commander himself nodded his head and asked the battalion commander for permission. Taking anti-tank grenades, Zinon Prokhorov meter by meter approached the enemy’s firing point. Bullets whistled overhead, and he crawled. The machine gun was within grenade throw distance. At this time, he raised his right hand to throw, but a German bullet went through his hand, and it hung. He took the grenade in his left hand and threw it into the bunker embrasure. The machine gun fell silent. Prokhorov stood up to his full height and gave his soldiers the command: “Forward! Attack! For the Motherland! For Stalin!” But at this time the machine gun started working again, dozens of bullets passed through the commander’s body and seriously wounded him. But he courageously threw himself with his chest onto the barrel of a German machine gun. The fire stopped. Over the plain, over the battlefield, a mighty, booming "Hurray!" The battalion’s soldiers captured the heights and captured the Romanian village of Khodosh,” says eyewitness of the feat S. G. Prokopchuk.

So he accomplished his heroic immortal feat our fellow countryman. He was buried 200 meters from the Buza-Transylvania junction. In 1947, at the request of the Soviet Embassy in Romania, the body was reburied in a mass grave in the city of Torgu Mures.

By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated January 1, 2001, Zinon Filippovich Prokhorov was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

Arkady Fedorovich Maksimov, nephew

Life milestones:

September 11, 1909 - born into a large Mari peasant family in the village of Bolshoy Olykyal, Paratsky volost, Cheboksary district, Kazan province

1921 - Zinon’s father Philip Petrovich Prokhorov died of hunger

1929 - the Prokhorov family was dispossessed as individual owners and deported to Nizhny Tagil.

Autumn 1937 - called up for active military service in the Red Army

October 1938 - September 1940 - squad commander, graduated from the regimental school for junior commanders, awarded the rank of junior sergeant

March 6, 1941 - awarded the rank of junior lieutenant, serving in the Kiev Military District

November 1942-February 1943 - participation in the Battle of Stalingrad, appointed platoon commander of the 1st company of the 1st battalion of the 235th Guards Rifle Regiment of the 422nd - from the end of 1942 - 81st Guards Rifle Division as part of the 64th Army 2- th Ukrainian Front

September 19, 1944 - died, repeating the feat of Alexander Matrosov, near the village of Khodosh in Romania.
Buried in a mass grave in the Romanian city of Targu Mures

Motherland

January 1959
In the year of the 50th anniversary of the birth of his fellow countryman, by decision of the general meeting of collective farmers, the Bolshevik collective farm was renamed into the collective farm named after Hero of the Soviet Union Z.F. Prokhorov.

April 14, 1965
In connection with the 20th anniversary of the Victory over Nazi Germany and in order to perpetuate the memory of Hero of the Soviet Union Z.F. Prokhorov. By decision of the City Council, Kolkhoznaya Street in Volzhsk was renamed into Z.F. Prokhorov Street.

1966
An obelisk was built in memory of Z.F. Prokhorov. in the hero’s homeland in the village of Bolshoy Olykyal, Volzhsky district

September 26, 1974
A memorial plaque was installed on Yoshkar-Ola street, named after Z.F. Prokhorov.

June 14, 1978
Opening of the Z.F. Prokhorov Museum in Karayskaya high school Volzhsky district

May 9, 1989
A bust of Z.F. Prokhorov was installed on the Alley of Heroes in the village of Bolshoy Olykyal. in honor of the 80th anniversary of his birth

May 9, 1990
A bust of Z.F. Prokhorov was installed. in the village of Karay in honor of the 45th anniversary of the Victory over Nazi Germany

Streets in the cities of Volzhsk and Yoshkar-Ola, and in the villages of Bolshoi Olykyal and Karai are named after the hero.

Memorial plaques were installed at the Sotnur school in the Volzhsky district, the Sotnur MTS, the Olykyal House Museum, and Prokhorov Street in Yoshkar-Ola.

P Rokhorov Zinon Filippovich - commander rifle platoon 235th Guards Rifle Regiment Yassy (81st Guards Rifle Krasnogradskaya Red Banner Division, 7th guards army), Guard Lieutenant.

Born on September 11, 1909 in the village of Bolshoy Olykyal (now the Karai village council of the Volga region, Republic of Mari El in a peasant family. Mariets. He graduated from 5 classes at the Nikolsko-Kukmorsky zemstvo school, then at the Sotnur school for peasant youth. In 1929, the Prokhorov family was dispossessed and exiled to the city of Nizhny Tagil. Z.F. Prokhorov worked at a factory and played in an orchestra in the evening.

In the fall of 1937 he was called up for active military service. Served in the Belarusian Military District. At the beginning of 1938, he was sent to the regimental school for junior commanders, but due to the aggravation of the international situation, classes were interrupted. Z.F. Prokhorov participated as part of a motorized rifle division in the operation to introduce Soviet troops V Western Ukraine(liberation campaign). At the new location of his unit he graduated from the regimental school. He was awarded the rank of junior sergeant and appointed squad commander. With the outbreak of the Soviet-Finnish War (November 30, 1939 - March 13, 1940), the division was transferred to the Karelian Isthmus.

In the summer of 1940, the division was redeployed to the Baltic states. In September 1940, Z.F. Prokhorov was sent to a three-month course for junior lieutenants in the Ukrainian city of Ovruch. After completing the course on March 6, 1941, he was awarded the rank of junior lieutenant. He returned to his unit and continued to serve in the Kiev Special Military District as a platoon commander.

During the Great Patriotic War in active army– since June 22, 1941. He fought on the Southwestern, Stalingrad, Don, Voronezh, Steppe, and 2nd Ukrainian fronts. He was seriously wounded on September 15, 1941.

He particularly distinguished himself during the Bucharest-Arad offensive operation (August 30 – October 3, 1944) on the territory of Romania.

On September 19, the platoon, commanded by Z.F. Prokhorov, fought for the heights on the outskirts of the village of Khodosh. The advance of the fighters was hampered by strong machine-gun fire from an enemy pillbox. Guard Lieutenant Z.F. Prokhorov, with a bunch of grenades in his hand, crawled towards the enemy’s firing point. When no more than 15 meters remained to the enemy machine gun, Prokhorov prepared to throw grenades, but an enemy bullet pierced his right hand. Then he crawled closer and, lying down, threw a bunch of grenades with his left hand. After a strong explosion, the machine gun fell silent. Prokhorov stood up to his full height and shouted: “Forward! For the Motherland!

But at this time the machine gun started working again. Prokhorov was seriously wounded, but, gathering his last strength, he rushed to the machine gun and covered the pillbox embrasure with his body.

U KAZA of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated March 24, 1945 to Guard Lieutenant Prokhorov Zinon Filippovich For the exemplary performance of combat missions of the command on the front of the fight against the German invaders and the courage and heroism shown, he was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union (posthumously).

He was buried in a mass grave of Soviet soldiers in the city of Targu Mures (Romania).

Awarded the Order of Lenin (03/24/1945), Order of the Patriotic War, 2nd degree (09/20/1944).

Streets in the cities of Volzhsk and Yoshkar-Ola, and in the villages of Bolshoi Olykyal and Karai are named after the hero. Memorial plaques were installed in the Sotnur school of the Volzhsky district, the Sotnur MTS, the Olykyal House-Museum of Z.F. Prokhorov, in Yoshkar-Ola.

Busts of the hero are installed on the Alley of Heroes in Volzhsk, in front of the Karaisky TsSDK "Erviy", on the Alley of Heroes in Bolshoy Olykyal.

On June 22, 1941, platoon commander Z.F. Prokhorov alerted his soldiers, and on the second day of the war, June 23, they entered into battle with the Germans. For almost three months, the machine gunners of Prokhorov’s platoon were in continuous battle. On September 15, 1941, Z.F. Prokhorov was seriously wounded and was sent to the hospital of the Southwestern Front.

After the course of treatment, Prokhorov never returned to his unit. From the front command reserve, he was sent to the 422nd Siberian Rifle Division, which arrived at the Stalingrad Front from the Far East. The entire further combat path of the platoon commander, Lieutenant Z.F. Prokhorov, passed in the 422nd (from March 1, 1943 - 81st Guards) rifle division. During the Battle of Stalingrad, the division, consisting of the 57th and then the 64th Army, fought the hardest battles, defending the approaches to the city from the south, in the Krasnoarmeysk area. After the Battle of Stalingrad, the division was renamed the 81st Guards Division of the 7th Guards (formerly 64th) Army.

After the end of the Battle of Stalingrad, the 81st Guards Division arrived on the Voronezh Front. From July 5, 1943 she took part in defensive battles Battle of Kursk; then as part of the Steppe Front - in final stage Battle of Kursk– Belgorod-Kharkov offensive operation (August 3 – 23, 1943) and the liberation of Kharkov, then in the Poltava-Kremenchug offensive operation, the liberation of Krasnograd and Merefa, crossing the Dnieper near the village of Borodayevka southeast of Kremenchug and in battles on the captured bridgehead.

On the Steppe (from October 20, 1944 - 2nd Ukrainian) front, Z.F. Prokhorov, together with his division, participated in Pyatikhatskaya (October 15 - November 23, 1943), Znamenskaya (November 20 - December 23, 1943), Kirovograd ( January 1 - 16, 1944), Uman-Botoshanskaya (March 5 - April 17, 1944), Yassy-Kishinev strategic (August 20 - 29, 1944) offensive operations, including the liberation of the city of Iasi, for which the 235th Guards Rifle Regiment received the name Iasi, then in the Bucharest-Arad (from August 30, 1944) offensive operation.

He especially distinguished himself in the last operation.

On initial stage operation on September 2, 1944, during an attack on an unnamed height in the area of ​​​​the village of Valya, Uzului Guard, Lieutenant Prokhorov, with a swift rush, was the first to rush to the height with his platoon, knocked out the enemy and gained a foothold on it. Holding this line, despite superior forces enemy, repelled 3 counterattacks. His platoon in these battles destroyed 13 Hungarian and German soldiers, captured 2 heavy machine guns, 7 rifles, 3 machine guns, ammunition and other enemy equipment as trophies.

Awarded the Order of the Patriotic War, 2nd degree.

From award sheet to be awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union

Skillfully leading the battle of his platoon, showing personal courage and courage, in the battle on August 31, 1944 in the area of ​​​​the Bezymyannaya height, with his platoon repelled 8 enemy counterattacks during the day. At the same time, he personally destroyed up to 30 German-Hungarian soldiers and officers with machine gun fire.

Liberating the village of Khodosh from Nazi invaders September 19, 1944, comrade. Prokhorov, together with the men of his platoon, quickly approached the enemy. When the soldiers, led by their commander, rose to attack, a German machine gun unexpectedly struck from the flank. Comrade Prokhorov was seriously wounded. Overcoming the pain of a serious injury. He crawled towards the machine gun. The soldiers saw how their commander covered the pillbox embrasure with his body, and the enemy machine gun fell silent.

The first work of A. S. Pushkin, written in prose and published by him during his lifetime, is “The Tales of the Late Ivan Petrovich Belkin.” "The Undertaker" is one of them. This article is devoted to this story, its summary and listing of the main characters.

History of the creation of the work

The cycle was conceived by the author in 1829, but came out from the author’s pen only in 1830 in Boldino. Initially, A. S. Pushkin wanted to include the following five stories: “The Undertaker,” “The Peasant Young Lady,” “ Stationmaster", "Notes of an Elderly", "Suicide". Later, instead of the last two, the cycle included "Blizzard" and "Shot". Presumably the sixth work should have been "The History of the Village of Goryukhin", but the author did not have time to complete it.

Pushkin's story "The Undertaker" was the first to be written. The date of its appearance is September 9. And on October 20, the entire cycle was already completely completed. It was originally planned that the works would be arranged in the order they were written, but at the last moment the writer changed his mind and started with “The Shot” and “The Blizzard”.

In December, he first spoke about what he had written to the publisher P. Pletnev, saying that he did not dare publish under his own name because possible problems with censorship. This is how the fictional Belkin appeared. The collection was published in October 1831.

Its features

Readers received a work that was sharply different from those to which they were accustomed. Instead of long descriptions and following a romantic style, the author appears mocking and subtle satire. The story "The Undertaker" was no exception.

The main characters are ordinary people: Adrian Prokhorov, the central character, his daughters Daria and Akulina, worker Aksinya, merchant's wife Tryukhina, German artisans, led by neighbor Gottlieb Schultz, as well as the protagonist's clients. These are the dead, among whom is retired Sergeant Kurilkin.

The undertaker's story is extremely simple: main character I had too much alcohol while visiting and saw that my drunkenness was a realistic nightmare. It's like a joke with elements of fiction. Nobody wrote like this before A.S. Pushkin. By making fun of the little people who became the heroes of his works, he wanted to show the reader that they, too, dream of happiness. And they are not so gray and boring life. The book is so easy to read, as if in one sitting.

"The Undertaker": summary, plot plot

The story begins with how Adriyan Prokhorov’s whole house moves from an old shack on Basmannaya to Nikitskaya. Here, a new yellow house was purchased for considerable money, where, however, order has not yet been established. And only after placing his products in the kitchen and living room, and hanging a sign above the gate, can he begin to relax with a cup of tea. Thoughts about the pouring rain and the imminent death of the merchant Tryukhina do not leave him. She was dying on Razgulyai, so the undertaker was worried that they might turn to someone who lives closer with the funeral.

After three knocks on the door, a German craftsman named Gottlieb Schultz appears on the threshold. He came to invite new neighbors to his and his wife’s anniversary - a silver wedding. The next day at exactly 12 noon, accompanied by his daughters, who had put on their best outfits - red shoes and yellow hats - the undertaker went to the holiday. Summary We offer you the continuation of the story in the next section.

What offended Adriyan Prokhorov?

The neighbor went out of his way to invite his fellow artisans to the celebration. Prokhorov also thought here that he should celebrate his housewarming - so cheerfully and amicably they drank to the health of each guest present and on other occasions. Undertaker did it hard too. Until the baker proposed a toast to the health of his customers. Then everyone turned their attention to Prokhorov and began to laugh, inviting him to drink to his dead. This greatly hurt the main character, who considers his craft no worse than others. After all, he is not an executioner!

The guests left late and very tipsy. What about our undertaker? The summary allows us only to draw attention to the fact that the offended Prokhorov mentally decided to convene not his infidel neighbors, but the Orthodox dead, for his future housewarming party.

Death of Tryukhina

At night, what I was talking about came true Lately All Prokhorov thought was: Tryukhina is dead. A man was sent for him, and Adrian went to Razgulay. The nephew instructed the undertaker to go about his business, dejectedly informing him that he would not negotiate on the price, completely relying on the master’s conscience. Having been busy with business all day, Prokhorov returned to the Nikitsky Gate quite late. And then it seemed to him that someone was entering his house, waving a triangular hat at the owner in greeting.

Strange housewarming

At this time people were already walking around the house. They seemed familiar to Prokhorov. When their faces were illuminated by the moon, he recognized the dead who had once been buried thanks to his efforts. One separated from the group, in whom the undertaker recognized retired Sergeant Kurilkin. He asked if he remembered him, his first client, to whom he sold a pine coffin for the price of an oak one? Adrian didn’t forget, because it was then that money began to be saved for the purchase of this yellow house. He pushed Kurilkin away and he fell apart. Immediately all the dead men rushed at him, standing up for their comrade. Prokhorov fell unconscious.

Instead of a conclusion

How does the story "The Undertaker" end? The summary does not allow us to convey all the nuances of Pushkin’s satire. But waking up late, Prokhorov, perhaps for the first time, was glad that his client’s death had appeared in his dream. The worker Aksinya said that he slept all night until noon, until Sun rays The bed was not fully illuminated. And no one came to him from the merchant’s wife Tryukhina.

Was born future hero in 1909 in a large Mari family. Zinon was the youngest, eleventh child in the family.

In 1929, the Prokhorov family was dispossessed and deported to Nizhny Tagil. Zinon worked at the plant for some time, but soon, after consideration of the application in Moscow, the Prokhorovs were allowed to return. Before being drafted into the Red Army in 1937, Zinon Filippovich worked on a collective farm as a tractor driver in the Sotnur MTS.

In the fall of 1937 Z.F. Prokhorov was drafted by the Volga District Military Commissariat of the Mari Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic for military service and sent to the Belarusian Military District. At the beginning of 1938, he was sent to the regimental school for junior commanders. However, Prokhorov completed it already on the territory of Poland, where he was awarded the rank of junior sergeant and the position of squad commander. With the beginning Winter War motorized division Z.F. Prokhorova was transferred to the Karelian Isthmus. In the summer of 1940, part of Zinon Prokhorov was stationed in the Baltic states. Here he received an offer from the command to take advanced training courses command staff in the Ukrainian city of Ovruch.

The beginning of the Great Patriotic War Z.F. Prokhorov met in the Kiev Military District in officer rank junior lieutenant and platoon commander. On June 22, 1941, his platoon was alerted, and the next day - June 23 - entered into battle with the Germans. For almost three months, a platoon of machine gunners under the command of Zinon Prokhorov was in continuous battle. On September 15, 1941, Prokhorov was seriously wounded and ended up in a hospital on the Southwestern Front.

May 29, 1944 Z.F. Prokhorov was sent to 2nd Ukrainian Front. The entire further combat path of the future hero took place in the ranks of the 235th Guards Rifle Regiment of the 422nd Rifle Division, which was transferred to Stalingrad from the Far East, and has since covered itself with glory in a fierce struggle. During the Battle of Stalingrad, the 422nd Division was renamed the 81st Guards Division, and after its end, the 81st Guards Division arrived on the Voronezh Front and took part in Battle of Kursk. In August 1943, the famous 81st Guards Division took part in the liberation of Belgorod. As a result of the rapid offensive in Ukraine during September 17-18, 1943 and the liberation from German invaders city ​​of Krasnograd 81st Guards rifle division received the name Krasnogradskaya. At the beginning of 1944, the division took part in the liberation of the cities of Kirovograd and Chisinau.

Already fighting on the territory of Romania, in the battle on August 31, 1944 in the area of ​​​​the Bezymyannaya height Z.F. Prokhorov and his platoon repelled 8 enemy counterattacks during the day, while he himself personally destroyed up to 30 German-Hungarian soldiers and officers with machine gun fire.

On September 2, 1944, during an attack on an unnamed height near the village of Volya-Uzului, “Comrade Prokhorov, with a swift rush forward, was the first to rush to the height with his platoon, knocked out the enemy and gained a foothold on it. While holding this line, despite superior enemy forces, he repelled 3 enemy counterattacks. In this battle, the guard lieutenant's platoon destroyed 13 Hungarian and German soldiers, captured 2 heavy machine guns, 7 rifles, 3 machine guns, ammunition and more as trophies military equipment enemy."

Liberating the village of Khodosh from the Nazi invaders on September 19, 1944, Prokhorov, instead of the soldiers of his platoon, quickly became close to the enemy. When the soldiers, led by their commander, rose to attack, a German machine gun unexpectedly struck from the flank. The platoon commander was seriously wounded. Overcoming the pain of his wound, he crawled towards the machine gun. The soldiers saw how their commander covered the bunker's embrasure with his body, and the enemy machine gun fell silent. “Avenging the hero commander, the soldiers and company commanders resolutely rushed into the attack and cleared the village of Khodosh from the enemy and saddled the heights adjacent to it.”

On March 24, 1945, Guard Lieutenant Prokhorov Zinon Filippovich, who repeated the feat of Alexander Matrosov and thereby ensured the success of the battle, was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union by decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR.

Memory

1. A collective farm and streets in the cities of Volzhsk and Yoshkar-Ola, in the villages of Bolshoi Olykyal and Karai were named after the Hero.

2. A house museum has been opened in the village of Bolshoy Olykyal.

3. Memorial plaques were installed in the Sotnurskaya school in the Volzhsky district, the Sotnurskaya MTS, the Olykyalsky House Museum, on Prokhorov Street in Yoshkar-Ola.

Sources and literature:

Story Mari region in faces. XIV - early XX centuries. [Text]: historical and biographical essays. - Yoshkar - Ola: Mari Research Institute; 2012. - 392 p.: ill.