What does physics study?
Lesson objectives: to introduce students to a new subject school course; determine the place of physics as a science; teach to distinguish physical phenomena and bodies, physical quantities and their units, methods of studying physics.
Equipment: portraits famous physicists, pictures, photographs. Rulers made of wood, plastic, iron; thermometer; stopwatch; weight on a string, etc.
During the classes.
General recommendations: the first physics lesson in the 7th grade should be structured in the form of a lecture, where the teacher not only talks about physics as a science, but also involves students in discussing issues with which they are indirectly familiar.
Introducing students into the world of physics, it should be noted that the role of this science in our lives is very difficult to overestimate, since it is necessary for engineers, builders, doctors and many other specialists.
I. Studying new material.
There are around us various items: tables, chairs, blackboard, books, notebooks, pencils. In physics, every object is called a physical body. Therefore, a table, a chair, a book, a pencil are physical bodies. The Earth, Moon, Sun are also physical bodies.
In nature, changes occur with physical bodies. For example, in winter, water hardens and turns into ice. In spring, snow and ice melt and turn into water. Water boils and turns into steam. The steam cools and turns into water.
The Earth and other planets move around the Sun. Sun and everything celestial bodies moving in outer space. All these changes are called physical phenomena.
Physics is the science of physical phenomena of nature.
Physics studies the world in which we live, the phenomena that occur in it, discovers the laws that these phenomena obey, and how they are interconnected. Among the wide variety of phenomena in nature, physical phenomena occupy a special place.
Table of contents
From the author
Basic requirements for students' knowledge and skills
Introduction
Lesson 1. What physics studies
Lesson option 1. Lesson-game “What is physics?”
Lesson 2. Physical quantities and their measurement
Lesson option 2. Why do we measure?
Initial information about the structure of matter
Lesson 3. Structure of matter. Molecules
Lesson option 3. From experienced facts- to a scientific hypothesis
Lesson 4. Laboratory work “Determination of the sizes of small bodies”
Lesson 5. Diffusion in gases, liquids and solids
Lesson 6. Interaction of molecules
Lesson 7. Three states of matter
Lesson 8. Test on the topic “Initial information about the structure of matter”
Interaction of bodies
Lesson 9. Mechanical movement
Lesson 10. Speed in mechanical motion
Lesson 11. Calculation of path and time of movement
Lesson option 11. Blitz tournament
Lesson 12. Laboratory work “Study of uniform motion”
Lesson option 12. Laboratory work “Measuring the period of oscillation of a pendulum. Study of the dependence of the oscillation period on the length of the thread"
Lesson 13. Inertia
Lesson 14. Interaction of bodies. Weight
Lesson 15. Laboratory work “Measuring body weight on lever scales”
Lesson 16. Density of matter
Lesson 17. Laboratory work “Measuring body volume”
Lesson 18. Laboratory work “Determination of the density of a solid body”
Lesson 19. Calculation of body mass and volume
Lesson 20. Solving problems. Preparing for the test
Lesson option 20. Lesson-game on the topic “Movement and interaction of bodies”
Lesson 21. Test on the topic: “Mechanical motion. Body mass. Density of matter"
Lesson 22. Strength
Lesson 23. The phenomenon of gravity. Gravity
Lesson 24. Elastic force. Hooke's law
Lesson 25. Laboratory work "Hooke's Law"
Lesson 26. Dynamometer. Body weight
Lesson 27. Laboratory work “Measuring force using a dynamometer”
Lesson 28. Resultant force
Lesson 29. Friction force
Lesson option 29. Friction force in nature and technology
Lesson 30. Laboratory work. Sliding friction force measurement
Lesson 31. Test
Lesson option 31. Types of forces. Systematization of knowledge
Lesson-evening “A heart dedicated to science”
Pressure of solids, liquids and gases
Lesson 32. Pressure and pressure force
Lesson 33. Pressure in nature and technology
Lesson 34. Gas pressure
Lesson 35. Pascal's Law
Lesson 36. Hydrostatic pressure
Lesson 37. Problem solving
Lesson 38. Communicating vessels
Lesson 39. Atmosphere and atmospheric pressure
Lesson 40. Measuring atmospheric pressure. Torricelli experience
Lesson 41. Aneroid barometer
Lesson 42. Pressure gauges. The test room worked on the topic “Atmosphere. Atmosphere pressure"
Lesson 43. Hydraulic press
Lesson 44. Solving problems. Hydrostatic and atmospheric pressure
Lesson 45. Plumbing. Piston Liquid Pump
Lesson 46. Test “Hydrostatic and atmospheric pressure”
Lesson 47. The action of liquid and gas on a body immersed in them
Lesson 48. Archimedes' Law
Lesson 48. Study of Archimedean force
Lesson 49. Swimming bodies. Swimming of animals and humans
Lesson 50. Sailing ships
Lesson option 50. Application of the laws of hydrostatics in technology
Lesson 51. Aeronautics
Lesson option 51. Lesson-game “Sailors and Aeronauts”
Lesson 52. Preparing for the test. Problem solving
Lesson Option 52. “Knowledge Review”
Second version of lesson 52. Lesson-game
Lesson 53. Laboratory work “Measurement of buoyancy (Archimedean) force”
Lesson Option 53. Multi-level laboratory work “Study of Archimedean force”
Lesson 54. Test
The work program was developed on the basis of the Approximate work program in physics, in accordance with the requirements for the results of the main general education, presented in the federal state educational standard, and is focused on the use of the educational and methodological set:
1. Maron, A. E. Physics. 7th grade : didactic materials / A. E. Maron, E. A. Maron. – M.: Bustard, 2013.
2. Maron, A. E. Physics. Collection of questions and tasks. 7–9 grades /A. E. Maron, E. A. Maron, S. V. Pozoisky. – M.: Bustard, 2013.
3. Peryshkin, A. V. Physics. 7th grade : textbook for general education institutions / A. V. Peryshkin. – M.: Bustard, 2013.
4. Khannanov, N.K. Physics. 7th grade : tests / N. K. Khannanov, T. A. Khannanova. – M.: Bustard, 2011.
5. Khannanova, T. A. Physics. 7th grade : workbook to the textbook by A. V. Peryshkin / T. A. Khannanova, N. K. Khannanov. – M.: Bustard, 2013.
general characteristics course
School physics course system-forming for natural science subjects, since physical laws underlie the content of courses in chemistry, biology, geography and astronomy.
Physics the science that studies the most general patterns natural phenomena, properties and structure of matter, laws of its motion. The basic concepts of physics and its laws are used in all natural sciences.
Physics studies quantitative patterns natural phenomena and belongs to the exact sciences. At the same time, the humanitarian potential of physics in shaping the overall picture of the world and influencing the quality of life of mankind is very high.
Physics experimental science that studies natural phenomena experimentally. By construction theoretical models physics provides an explanation of observed phenomena, formulates physical laws, predicts new phenomena, creates the basis for application open laws nature in human practice. Physical laws underlie chemical, biological, astronomical phenomena. Due to the noted features of physics, it can be considered the basis of all natural sciences.
In the modern world, the role of physics is continuously increasing, since it is the basis scientific and technological progress. Everyone needs to use knowledge of physics to solve practical problems V Everyday life. The design and principle of operation of most devices and mechanisms used in everyday life and technology may well become a good illustration of the issues being studied.
Goals Physics courses in basic school are as follows:
development of interests and abilities of students based on the transfer of knowledge and experience of cognitive and creative activity;
students’ understanding of the meaning of basic scientific concepts and laws of physics, the relationship between them;
formation of students’ ideas about the physical picture of the world.
Achieving these goals is ensured by solving the following tasks:
introducing students to the method scientific knowledge and methods of studying objects and natural phenomena;
students’ acquisition of knowledge about mechanical, thermal, electromagnetic and quantum phenomena, physical quantities ah, characterizing these phenomena;
developing in students the ability to observe natural phenomena and perform experiments, laboratory work and experimental studies using measuring instruments widely used in practical life;
students’ mastery of such general scientific concepts as a natural phenomenon, empirically established fact, problem, hypothesis, theoretical conclusion, result of experimental testing;
students’ understanding of the differences between scientific data and unverified information, the value of science for satisfying everyday, industrial and cultural human needs.
Contents of the physics course in 7th grade
Physics science of nature. Observation and description of physical phenomena. Physical experiment. Measurement of physical quantities. International system of units. Scientific method of knowledge. Physical laws and limits of their applicability. The role of physics in the formation scientific picture peace. Short story major scientific discoveries. Science and technology.
Mechanical phenomena
Kinematics.
A material point as a model of a physical body.
Mechanical movement. Relativity of mechanical motion. Trajectory. Path - scalar quantity. Speed - vector quantity. Velocity vector module. Uniform straight motion. Graphs of the dependence of the path and velocity module on the time of movement.
Dynamics.
Inertia. Inertia of bodies. Interaction of bodies. Mass is a scalar quantity. Density of matter. Force is a vector quantity. Movement and forces. Elastic force. Friction force. Gravity. Law universal gravity. Center of gravity. Conditions for the equilibrium of a rigid body.
Pressure. Atmosphere pressure. Pascal's law. Archimedes' law. Swimming conditions of bodies.
Laws of conservation of momentum and mechanical energy
Mechanical vibrations and waves.
Job. Power. Kinetic energy. Potential energy. Law of conservation of mechanical energy. Simple mechanisms. Coefficient useful action. Renewable energy sources.
Structure and properties of matter.
Atomic and molecular structure substances. Experiments proving the atomic structure of matter. Thermal motion and interaction of particles of matter. Brownian motion. Diffusion. Aggregate states substances. Properties of gases, liquids and solids.
Place of the course in the curriculum
The basic curriculum (educational) plan for the study of physics in primary school allocates: 2 teaching hours per week during each year of study, a total of 210 lessons, 70 hours per year. Study time can be increased to 3 lessons per week due to the variable part of the basic plan.
Personal, meta-subject and subject results
mastering the course content
In the approximate physics program for 7 9 classes of the basic school, compiled on the basis of the federal state educational standard, the requirements for the results of mastering are determined educational program basic general education.
Personal results
1) formation cognitive interests, intellectual and creativity students;
2) conviction in the possibility of knowing nature, in the need for wise use of the achievements of science and technology for further development human society; respect for the creators of science and technology; attitude to physics as an element of universal human culture;
3) independence in acquiring new knowledge and practical skills;
4) readiness to choose life path in accordance with own interests and opportunities;
5) motivation of educational activities of schoolchildren based on personal oriented approach;
6) the formation of a value-based attitude towards each other, the teacher, the authors of discoveries and inventions, and the results of learning.
Meta-subject results teaching physics in basic school are:
1) mastering the skills of independent acquisition of new knowledge, organization educational activities, goal setting, planning, self-control and evaluation of the results of one’s activities; the ability to foresee the possible results of one’s actions;
2) understanding the differences between initial facts and hypotheses to explain them, theoretical models and real objects; mastery of universal educational activities using examples of hypotheses to explain known facts and experimental verification of put forward hypotheses, development of theoretical models of processes or phenomena;
3) developing the ability to perceive, process and present information in verbal, figurative, symbolic forms, analyze and process the information received in accordance with the assigned tasks, highlight the main content of the text read, find answers to the questions posed in it and present it;
4) gaining experience in independent search, analysis and selection of information using various sources and new information technologies for solving cognitive problems;
5) development of monologue and dialogical speech, the ability to express one’s thoughts and the ability to listen to the interlocutor, understand his point of view, recognize the right of another person to have a different opinion;
6) mastering methods of action in non-standard situations, mastering heuristic methods of solving problems;
7) formation of skills to work in a group while performing various social roles, present and defend your views and beliefs, lead a discussion.
General subject results teaching physics in basic school are:
1) knowledge about the nature of the most important physical phenomena of the surrounding world and understanding of the meaning physical laws, revealing the connection between the studied phenomena;
2) ability to use methods scientific research natural phenomena, make observations, plan and perform experiments, process measurement results, present measurement results using tables, graphs and formulas, detect dependencies between physical quantities, explain the results obtained and draw conclusions, evaluate the limits of errors of measurement results;
3) the ability to apply theoretical knowledge in physics in practice, solve physical tasks to apply the acquired knowledge;
4) skills and abilities to apply the acquired knowledge to explain the principles of operation of the most important technical devices, solve practical problems of everyday life, ensure the safety of one’s life, rational environmental management and environmental protection;
5) the formation of a belief in the natural connection and knowability of natural phenomena, objectivity scientific knowledge, the high value of science in the development of material and spiritual culture of people;
6) development theoretical thinking based on the formation of skills to establish facts, distinguish causes and effects, build models and put forward hypotheses, find and formulate evidence of put forward hypotheses, derive physical laws from experimental facts and theoretical models;
7) communication skills to report on the results of your research, participate in discussions, answer questions briefly and accurately, use reference books and other sources of information.
Private subject results studying a physics course in 7th grade are:
1) understanding and ability to explain such physical phenomena as free fall of bodies, atmospheric pressure, floating of bodies, diffusion, high compressibility of gases, low compressibility of liquids and solids;
2) the ability to measure distance, time interval, speed, mass, force, work of force, power, kinetic energy, potential energy;
3) mastery of experimental research methods in the process self-study the dependence of the distance traveled on time, the elongation of the spring on the applied force, the force of gravity on the mass of the body, the sliding friction force on the area of contact of the bodies and the force of normal pressure, the Archimedes force on the volume of displaced water;
4) understanding the meaning of basic physical laws and the ability to apply them in practice (the law of universal gravitation, the laws of Pascal and Archimedes, the law of conservation of energy);
5) understanding the principles of operation of machines, instruments and technical devices that every person constantly encounters in everyday life, and ways to ensure safety when using them;
6) mastery of various methods of performing calculations to find an unknown quantity in accordance with the conditions of the task based on the use of the laws of physics;
7) the ability to use the acquired knowledge, skills and abilities in everyday life (everyday life, ecology, health care, environmental protection, safety precautions, etc.).
Educational and methodological equipment educational process
Internet resources:
1. Library - everything on the subject “Physics”. – Access mode: http://www.proshkolu.ru
2. Video experiments in lessons. – Access mode: http://fizika-class.narod.ru
3. A unified collection of digital educational resources. – Access mode: http://school-collection.edu.ru
4. Interesting materials for physics lessons by topic; tests by topic; visual aids to lessons. – Access mode: http://class-fizika.narod.ru
5. Digital educational resources. – Access mode: http://www.openclass.ru
6. Electronic textbooks in physics. – Access mode: http://www.fizika.ru
Information and communication means:
1. Open Physics 1.1 (CD).
2. Live physics. Educational and methodological kit(CD).
3. From the plow to the laser 2.0 (CD).
4. Great encyclopedia Cyril and Methodius (all subjects) (CD).
5. Virtual laboratory work in physics (7–9 grades) (CD).
6. 1C: School. Physics. 7–11 grades Library of visual aids (CD).
7. Electronic supplement to the book by N. A. Yanushevskaya “Repetition and control of knowledge in physics in lessons and extracurricular activities. grades 7–9” (CD).
Educational and thematic plan. 7th grade
Chapter
Subject
Quantity
hours
Including counter. slave.
I
Physics and physical methods for studying nature
5
II
6
1
III
Interaction of bodies
21
1
IV
18
1
V
Work and power. Energy
12
1
Reflexive phase
VI
Generalizing repetition
6
1
Reserve
2
Total
70
5
Calendar-thematic plan. 7th grade
p/p
Lesson topic
Main content of the topic, terms and concepts
Training stage
activities
Characteristics of the main types
activities
(subject
result)
Cognitive UUD
Regulatory UUD
Communicative UUD
D\z
date
Date fact
Launch phase (collaborative design and planning of the school year)
Physics and physical methods for studying nature
5 hours
Physics - the science of nature
The science. Types of sciences. Scientific method of knowledge. Physics- science of nature. Physical phenomena. Physical terms.Concept, types of concepts. Abstract and concrete concepts. Matter, substance, physical body
Staged
(introductory) lesson
Demonstrate a level of knowledge about the world around them. Observe and describe physical phenomena
They try to independently formulate definitions of concepts (science, nature, man).
Select the basis and criteria for comparing objects. Able to classify objects
They set a learning task based on the correlation of what is already known and learned and what is still unknown
Have a positive attitude towards the communication process. They know how to ask questions, construct clear statements, justify and prove their point of view
Observations and experiments. Physical quantities. Measurement of physical quantities
Physical methods for studying nature. Observations. Body properties Physical quantities. Measurements. Measuring instruments. Value of division.
Laboratory work
№ 1. "Determining the division price of a measuring device"
Solving a general educational problem – searching and discovering a new way of doing things
Describe the known properties of bodies, their corresponding quantities and methods of measuring them. Select the necessary measuring instruments, determine the division price
Identify quantitative characteristics of objects specified in words. Able to replace terms with definitions. Select, compare and justify methods for solving a problem
They are aware of their actions. They learn to construct statements that are understandable to their partner. Have the skills of constructive communication and mutual understanding
Measurement of physical quantities. Accuracy and error of measurements
Physical quantities. Time as a characteristic of the process. Measurements of time and length. Measurement errors. Arithmetic mean.
Laboratory work
№ 3. "Body volume measurement"
(D/z – Laboratory work No. 2 “Measuring the sizes of small bodies”)
Solving specific problems
Measure distances and time intervals. They offer ways to measure body volume. Measure volumes of bodies
They distinguish objects and processes from the point of view of the whole and parts. Identify the formal structure of the task.
Compare the method and result of their actions with a given standard, detect deviations and differences from the standard, make adjustments to the method of their actions
Proficient in verbal and non-verbal means of communication. Carry out mutual control and mutual assistance
Scientific methods of knowledge
Hypotheses and their testing. Physical experiment. Modeling of objects and natural phenomena
Solving specific problems – comprehension, concretization and development of a new method of action when solving specific practical problems
Observe and describe physical phenomena. State hypotheses and suggest ways to test them
Identify the formal structure of the task. They distinguish objects and processes from the point of view of the whole and parts. Select sign-symbolic means to build a model
They are able to justify and prove their point of view, plan general ways of working
History of physics. Science and technology. Physical picture of the world
Long-form assessment
Take a test on the topic “Physics and physical methods for studying nature.” Make a knowledge map ( First stage)
They create a structure of relationships between semantic units of the text. Perform operations with signs and symbols
They set an educational task for the year, anticipate the time characteristics of achieving the result and the level of mastery
They know how to listen to their interlocutor and formulate questions. Understand the relativity of assessments and choices made by people
: readiness and ability to fulfill the rights and responsibilities of a student, readiness and ability to fulfill moral standards in relation to adults and peers at school, at home, in extracurricular activities, cognitive interest and the formation of the meaning-forming function of the cognitive motive, readiness for equal cooperation, optimism in perception peace
Phase of setting and solving a system of educational tasks
Initial information about the structure of matter
6 hours
Structure of matter. Molecules
Atomic structure substances. Gaps between molecules. Thermal movement of atoms and molecules. Interaction of particles of matter
Setting and solving an educational problem
Observe and explain experiments on thermal expansion bodies, liquid coloring
Proficient in verbal and non-verbal communication
Diffusion in gases, liquids and solids
Brownian motion. Thermal movement of atoms and molecules. Diffusion
Solving specific problems
Observe and explain the phenomenon of diffusion
Analyze observed phenomena, generalize and draw conclusions
They have the skills of constructive communication and mutual understanding. Provide mutual control and assistance
Mutual attraction and repulsion of molecules
Interaction of particles of matter. Deformation. Plasticity and elasticity. Wetting and non-wetting
Solving specific problems – comprehension, concretization and development of a new method of action
Perform experiments to detect the forces of molecular attraction
Select symbolic means to build a model. Identify the general meaning of observed phenomena
Accept and maintain a cognitive goal, clearly fulfill the requirements of the cognitive task
Construct statements that are understandable to the partner. They justify and prove their point of view. Plan general ways of working
Aggregate states of matter
Aggregate states of matter. Properties of gases. Properties of liquids. Properties of solids. Structure of gases, liquids and solids
Generalization and systematization new ZUN and COURT
Explain the properties of gases, liquids and solids based on the atomic theory of the structure of matter
Select semantic units of the text and establish relationships between them. Identify objects and processes from the point of view of the whole and parts
Able to fully and accurately express their thoughts in accordance with the tasks and conditions of communication
Structure of matter
Properties of gases. Properties of liquids. Properties of solids. Structure of gases, liquids and solids
Control and correction – developing self-control, working on the causes of errors and finding ways to eliminate them
Explain the phenomena of diffusion, wetting, elasticity and plasticity on the basis of the atomic theory of the structure of matter.
They are able to select semantic units of the text and establish relationships between them, draw consequences from the data available in the problem statement
Compare the method and result of their actions with a given standard, detect deviations and differences from the standard
Carry out mutual control and mutual assistance. Able to ask questions, justify and prove their point of view
Structure of matter
Aggregate states of matter. Structure of gases, liquids and solids
Long-form assessment
Give examples of the manifestation and application of the properties of gases, liquids and solids in nature and technology
They create a structure of relationships between semantic units of the text. Express the meaning of the situation by various means(drawings, symbols, diagrams, signs)
They realize the quality and level of assimilation.
Understand the relativity of assessments and choices made by people. Are aware of their actions
Personal results of mastering the topic : conviction in the possibility of knowing nature, in the need for wise use of the achievements of science and technology for the further development of human society, respect for the creators of science and technology; attitude to physics as an element of universal human culture; the ability to conduct dialogue on the basis of equal relations and mutual respect; the need for self-expression and self-realization, social recognition; friendly attitude towards others.
Interaction of bodies
21 o'clock
Mechanical movement. Speed
Mechanical movement. Trajectory. Path. Speed. Scalar and vector quantities. Units of path and speed
Introductory lesson – setting a learning task, searching and discovering a new method of action
Depict the trajectories of movement of bodies. Determine the speed of rectilinear uniform motion
Identify and formulate a cognitive goal. Identifies quantitative characteristics of objects specified in words
Accept a cognitive goal and maintain it when fulfilling it educational activities
Uniform and uneven movement
Uniform and uneven movement. average speed
Solving specific problems – comprehension, concretization and development of a new method of action
The speed of uniform motion is measured. Present the results of measurements and calculations in the form of tables and graphs.
Express the meaning of a situation using various means (drawings, symbols, diagrams, signs)
Describe the content of the actions performed in order to orient the activity
Calculation of path and time of movement
Determination of the path and time of movement with uniform and non-uniform uniform motion
Solving specific problems – comprehension, concretization and development of a new method of action
The distance traveled and the speed of the body are determined from the graph of the path of uniform motion versus time. Calculate the path and speed of a body during uniform rectilinear motion.
Identify the formal structure of the task. Express the structure of a problem in different ways. Able to choose generalized strategies for solving a problem
Interaction of bodies. Inertia.
Change in body speed and its causes. Inertia. Concept of interaction. Changing the velocities of interacting bodies
Solving a general educational problem – search and discovery of a new way of action
Detect the force of interaction between two bodies. Explain the reason for the change in body speed
Identify and formulate the problem. Perform operations with signs and symbols, replace terms with definitions
(what will be the result?)
Body mass
Dependence of changes in the speed of interacting bodies on their mass. Mass is a measure of inertia. Units of mass.
Solving specific problems – comprehension, concretization and development of a new method of action
Give examples of the manifestation of inertia of bodies, study the dependence of the rate of change in the speed of a body on its mass
They are building logic circuits reasoning. Establish cause-and-effect relationships. Perform operations with signs and symbols
Compare their method of action with the standard
Body mass
Methods for measuring mass. Scales.
Laboratory work
№ 3 "Measuring mass on a lever scale"
Solving specific problems – comprehension, concretization and development of a new method of action
Body weight is measured on a lever scale. Suggest ways to determine the mass of large and small bodies
Make a plan and sequence of actions
They learn to manage their partner’s behavior - to convince him, control him, and correct his actions.
Density of matter
Density. Density units. Density of solids, liquids and gases
Solving specific problems – comprehension, concretization and development of a new method of action
Explain the change in the density of a substance during the transition from one state of aggregation to another
Analyze objects, highlighting essential and non-essential features
Make a plan and sequence of actions
Density of matter
Calculate the density of solids, liquids and gases.
Laboratory work
№ 5 "Determination of the density of a solid"
Solving specific problems – comprehension, concretization and development of a new method of action
Measure the density of a substance
Analyze the conditions and requirements of the task, create activity algorithms, perform operations with signs and symbols
Make a plan and sequence of actions
Able to (or developing the ability to) take initiative in an organization joint action
Calculation of body mass and volume based on its density
Calculation of body mass for a known volume. Calculation of the volume of a body with a known mass. Determination of the presence of voids and impurities in solids and liquids
Solving specific problems – comprehension, concretization and development of a new method of action
Calculate the mass and volume of a body from its density. They offer ways to check for the presence of impurities and voids in the body
Analyze the conditions and requirements of the task. Express the structure of the problem using different means, choose generalized solution strategies
Accept and maintain a cognitive goal, regulate the entire process and clearly fulfill the requirements of the cognitive task
Are able (or develop the ability) to obtain missing information using questions
Force. Gravity
Force is the cause of change in speed. Force is a measure of the interaction of bodies. Force is a vector quantity. Image of forces. The phenomenon of gravity. Gravity. Units of force. Relationship between body mass and gravity
Solving a general educational problem – search and discovery of a new way of action.
Investigate the dependence of gravity on body weight
Identify and formulate the problem. They distinguish objects and processes from the point of view of the whole and parts. Select sign-symbolic means to build a model
Independently formulate a cognitive goal and build actions in accordance with it
Elastic force. Hooke's law. Dynamometer
Deformation of bodies. Elastic force. Hooke's law. Dynamometer.
Laboratory work
№ 6 "Spring graduation"
Solving specific problems – comprehension, concretization and development of a new method of action
Investigate the dependence of the elongation of a steel spring on the applied force
They put forward and justify hypotheses, suggest ways to test them, and draw conclusions from the available data.
Draw up a plan and sequence of actions. Compare their method of action with the standard
Resultant
force
Resultant force. Addition of two forces directed along the same straight line
Solving specific problems – comprehension, concretization and development of a new method of action
The resultant of two forces is found experimentally
Express the meaning of a situation using various means (drawings, symbols, diagrams, signs)
Compare the method and result of their actions with a given standard, detect deviations
Body weight. Weightlessness
The action of the body on a support or suspension. Body weight. The weight of a body at rest or moving in a straight line, uniformly. Determining body weight using a dynamometer
Solving specific problems – comprehension, concretization and development of a new method of action
Explain the action of the body on a support or suspension. Discover the existence of weightlessness
Establish cause-and-effect relationships.
Make a plan and sequence of actions
Friction force. Static friction
Friction force. Rest friction. Ways to increase and decrease friction. Laboratory work No. 7 "Measuring friction force using a dynamometer"
Solving specific problems – comprehension, concretization and development of a new method of action
The dependence of the sliding friction force on the contact area of the bodies and the normal pressure force is studied.
Express the meaning of a situation using various means (drawings, symbols, diagrams, signs)
Make a plan and sequence of actions
Describe the content of the actions performed in order to orient the subject-practical or other activities
Force as a measure of the interaction of bodies and the cause of changes in speed. Gravity, elastic force, friction force and body weight.
Make up reference summary on the topic "Interaction of bodies"
Structure knowledge. Select bases and criteria for comparison, seriation, classification of objects
They highlight and realize what has already been learned and what still needs to be learned,
Communicate and interact with partners joint activities or exchange of information
Movement and interaction. Forces around us
Finding the resultant of several forces. Determining the type of body motion depending on the forces acting on it
Solving specific problems
Solve problems basic level difficulties on the topic "Interaction of bodies"
Analyze the conditions and requirements of the problem, select, compare and justify methods for solving the problem
They highlight and realize what has already been learned and what still needs to be learned, they are aware of the quality and level of assimilation
Establish working relationships, learn to collaborate effectively and promote productive cooperation
Movement and interaction. Forces around us
Solving specific problems – comprehension, concretization and development of knowledge and judgment
Solve qualitative, quantitative and experimental problems increased complexity on the topic "Interaction of bodies"
Able to choose generalized strategies for solving a problem. Able to draw consequences from the data available in the problem statement
Describe the content of the actions performed in order to orient the subject-practical or other activities
"Real Physics"
( lesson-game )
Long-form assessment – presentation of the results of mastering new knowledge and skills in specific practical situations
Perform creative and challenging tasks during the game
They build consciously and voluntarily speech utterances verbally and writing
Determine the sequence of intermediate goals taking into account the final result
Movement and interaction. The forces are all around us.
( lesson-consultation )
Calculation of speed, distance and time of movement. Calculation of density, volume and body weight. Calculation of gravity, elasticity, friction, the resultant of two or more forces
Control and correction
Provide individual and group preparation for the test
They make up a whole from parts, independently completing the construction, replenishing the missing components
Make adjustments and additions to their method of action in the event of a discrepancy between the standard, the actual action and its product
Test on the topic "Interaction of bodies"
Speed, path and time of movement. Average speed. Density, mass and volume of the body.
Forces in nature
Control
Demonstrate the ability to solve problems on the topic “Interaction of bodies”
Realize the quality and level of learning
Able to present specific content and communicate it in writing
32
21
Movement and interaction.
(lesson presentation )
Manifestation and application of the phenomena of inertia, gravitation, elasticity and friction in nature and technology
Long-form assessment – presentation of the results of mastering the knowledge and skills of the court
Evaluate achieved result
Enter into dialogue, learn to master monologue and dialogic forms of speech in accordance with grammatical and syntactic rules native language
Personal results of mastering the topic : positive moral self-esteem; friendly attitude towards others; respect for the individual and his dignity; readiness for equal cooperation; the basics of socially critical thinking, the ability to constructively resolve conflicts, conduct dialogue based on equal relations and mutual respect
Pressure of solids, liquids and gases
18 h
33
1
Pressure
The concept of pressure. Formula for calculating and measuring pressure units. Ways to increase and decrease pressure
Setting and solving a general educational problem
Give examples of the need to reduce or increase pressure. Suggest ways to change pressure
Identify and formulate the problem. They put forward and justify hypotheses and suggest ways to test them.
Anticipate the result and level of assimilation
(what will be the result?)
Are able (or develop the ability) to obtain missing information using questions
34
2
Solid pressure
Calculation of pressure in the case of the action of one and several forces. Calculation of the force acting on the body and the area of support based on known pressure
Solving specific problems – comprehension, concretization and development of a new method of action
Know the formula for calculating pressure. Able to calculate force and area of support. Explain the phenomena caused by the pressure of solid bodies on a support or suspension
Analyze the conditions and requirements of the task. Express the structure of a problem in different ways. Search and select the necessary information
Independently formulate a cognitive goal and build actions in accordance with it
Establish working relationships, learn to collaborate effectively and promote productive cooperation
35
3
Gas pressure
Gas pressure mechanism. Dependence of gas pressure on volume and temperature
Solving specific problems – comprehension, concretization and development of a new method of action
Observe and explain experiments demonstrating the dependence of gas pressure on volume and temperature
Identify and realize what has already been learned and what still needs to be learned
36
4
Pressure in liquids and gases. Pascal's law
Transmission of pressure by liquids and gases. Pascal's law. Dependence of pressure on height (depth). Hydrostatic paradox
Solving specific problems – comprehension, concretization and development of a new method of action
Observe and explain experiments demonstrating the transfer of pressure by liquids and gases
Express the meaning of a situation using various means (drawings, symbols, diagrams, signs)
Identify and realize what has already been learned and what still needs to be learned
Adequately use verbal means to discuss and argue their position
37
5
Calculation of liquid pressure on the bottom and walls of a vessel
Formula for calculating the pressure on the bottom and walls of a vessel. Solution of qualitative, quantitative and experimental tasks
Solving specific problems – comprehension, concretization and development of a new method of action
They derive the formula for pressure inside a liquid and give examples indicating an increase in pressure at depth
Identifies quantitative characteristics of objects specified in words
Accept and maintain a cognitive goal, clearly fulfill the requirements of the cognitive task
Express their thoughts with sufficient completeness and accuracy in accordance with the tasks and conditions of communication
38
6
Communicating vessels
Communicating vessels. Homogeneous and dissimilar liquids in communicating vessels. Fountains. Gateways. Water supply systems
Solving specific problems – comprehension, concretization and development of knowledge and judgment
Give examples of devices using communicating vessels, explain the principle of their operation
Express the meaning of a situation using various means (drawings, symbols, diagrams, signs)
Make adjustments and additions to the plans drawn up extracurricular activities
Able to present specific content and communicate it in written and oral form
39
7
Air weight. Atmosphere pressure
Methods for determining the mass and weight of air. The structure of the atmosphere. Phenomena proving the existence of atmospheric pressure
Solving specific problems – comprehension, concretization and development of knowledge and judgment
They offer methods for weighing air. Explain the reasons for the existence of the atmosphere and the mechanism of atmospheric pressure
Extract necessary information from texts of various genres. Identify objects and processes from the point of view of the whole and parts
Make a plan and sequence of actions
Describe the content of the actions performed in order to orient the subject-practical or other activities
40
8
Measuring atmospheric pressure. Barometers
Methods for measuring atmospheric pressure. Torricelli's experience. Mercury barometer. Aneroid barometer. Atmospheric pressure at various heights
Solving specific problems – comprehension, concretization and development of knowledge and judgment
Explain the structure and principle of operation of liquid and liquid-free barometers, the reason for the dependence of pressure on altitude
Independently formulate a cognitive goal and build actions in accordance with it
Describe the content of the actions performed in order to orient the subject-practical or other activities
41
9
Pressure measurement. Pressure gauges
Pressure measurement methods. Design and principle of operation of liquid and metal pressure gauges. Methods for calibrating pressure gauges
Solving specific problems – comprehension, concretization and development of knowledge and judgment
The design of an aneroid barometer and a metal pressure gauge are compared. Suggest calibration methods
They analyze objects, highlighting essential and non-essential features. Build logical chains of reasoning
Independently formulate a cognitive goal and build actions in accordance with it
Describe the content of the actions performed in order to orient the subject-practical or other activities
42
10
Piston liquid pump. Hydraulic machine
Hydraulic machines (devices): press, jack, amplifier, piston pump, their structure, principle of operation and areas of application
Solving specific problems – comprehension, concretization and development of knowledge and judgment
Formulate the definition of a hydraulic machine. Give examples of hydraulic devices and explain their operating principles
They analyze objects, highlighting essential and non-essential features. Build logical chains of reasoning
Independently formulate a cognitive goal and build actions in accordance with it
Establish working relationships, learn to collaborate effectively and promote productive cooperation
43
11
Archimedes' power
Buoyancy force, calculation and measurement methods. Archimedes' law.
L/r No. 8 "Determination of the buoyancy force acting on a body immersed in a liquid"
Solving specific problems – comprehension, concretization and development of knowledge and judgment
They discover the existence of a buoyant force, derive a formula for calculating it, and suggest methods of measurement
Identify and formulate the problem. Establish cause-and-effect relationships. Identify the generalized meaning and formal structure of the task
Independently formulate a cognitive goal and build actions in accordance with it
They work in a group. They know how to listen and hear each other. Are interested in other people's opinions and express their own
44
12
Floating bodies
Sailing conditions tel.
L/r No. 9 "Elucidation of the conditions for floating bodies in liquid"
Solving specific problems – comprehension, concretization and development of knowledge and judgment
Explore and formulate the conditions for floating bodies
Establish cause-and-effect relationships. Build logical chains of reasoning
Make a plan and sequence of actions
Learn to act taking into account the position of another and coordinate their actions
45
13
Sailing of ships. Displacement. Calculation of the maximum weight loaded onto the raft. Ways to increase ship capacity
Solving specific problems – comprehension, concretization and development of knowledge and judgment
Independently create activity algorithms when solving problems of a creative and exploratory nature
Evaluate the achieved result
Communicate and interact with partners for joint activities or exchange of information
46
14
Solving problems on the topic "Pressure of solids, liquids and gases"
Submarines, bathyspheres, bathyscaphes. Aeronautics: balloons, aerostats and airships. Possibility of aeronautics on other planets
Solving specific problems – comprehension, concretization and development of knowledge and judgment
They make reports on the history of the development of shipping and shipbuilding. Solve problems
Orient and perceive literary, scientific, journalistic and formal business styles
Realize the quality and level of learning
Communicate and interact with partners for joint activities or exchange of information
47
15
Pressure of solids, liquids and gases
Pressure. Atmosphere pressure. Pascal's law. Archimedes' Law
Generalization and systematization of material
Working with a “knowledge map”
Structure knowledge
Realize the quality and level of learning
Express their thoughts with sufficient completeness and accuracy in accordance with the tasks and conditions of communication
48
16
Pressure of solids, liquids and gases
(lesson-consultation)
Control and correction – formation of self-control actions, working on the causes of errors and finding ways to eliminate them
Identify gaps in knowledge, determine the causes of errors and difficulties and eliminate them
Make adjustments and additions to their method of action in the event of a discrepancy between the standard, the actual action and its product
Show a willingness to adequately respond to the needs of others, provide assistance and emotional support partners
49
17
Test on the topic "Pressure of solids, liquids and gases"
Pressure. Atmosphere pressure. Pascal's law. Archimedes' law. Sailing conditions
Control
Demonstrate the ability to solve problems on the topic “Pressure of solids, liquids and gases”
Choose the most effective ways solving a problem depending on specific conditions
Evaluate the achieved result
Describe the content of the actions performed in order to orient the subject-practical or other activities
50
18
"On land, under water and in the sky..."
(lesson-presentation)
Pressure. Atmosphere pressure. Pascal's law. Archimedes' law. Sailing conditions
Long-form assessment – presentation of the results of mastering the method of action and its application in specific practical situations
Demonstrate the results of project activities (reports, messages, presentations, creative reports)
Consciously and voluntarily construct speech statements in oral and written form. Identify primary and secondary information
Evaluate the achieved result
Personal results of mastering the topic : sustainable cognitive interest and the formation of the meaning-forming function of the cognitive motive; readiness for equal cooperation; the need for self-expression and self-realization, social recognition; positive moral self-esteem; development of general cultural heritage Russia and global cultural heritage; knowledge of the basic principles and rules of attitude towards nature; knowledge of rules of conduct in emergency situations; conviction in the possibility of knowing nature, in the need for wise use of the achievements of science and technology for the further development of human society, respect for the creators of science and technology, attitude towards physics as an element of universal human culture; independence in acquiring new knowledge and practical skills
Work and power. Energy
12 h
51
1
Job. Mechanical work. Units of work. Calculation of mechanical work
Solving a learning problem – search and discovery of a new way of action
Measure the work done by gravity and friction
Identify and formulate a cognitive goal. Build logical chains of reasoning
They set a learning task based on the correlation of what has already been learned and what is still unknown
Are able (or develop the ability) to obtain missing information using questions
52
2
Power
Power. Power units. Power calculation
Solving a learning problem – search and discovery of a new way of action
Measure power
Able to replace terms with definitions. Establish cause-and-effect relationships
Independently formulate a cognitive goal and build actions in accordance with it
Are able (or develop the ability) to obtain missing information using questions
53
3
Simple mechanisms
Mechanism. Simple mechanisms. Lever and inclined plane. Balance of Power
Solving specific problems – comprehension, concretization and development of knowledge and judgment
Suggest ways to make work easier that requires the use of great strength or endurance
Identify objects and processes from the point of view of the whole and parts
Independently formulate a cognitive goal and build actions in accordance with it
Share knowledge between team members to make effective joint decisions
54
4
Moment of power. Levers
Shoulder of power. Moment of power. L/r No. 10 "Conditions of equilibrium of a lever"
Solving specific problems – comprehension, concretization and development of knowledge and judgment
Study the conditions of lever equilibrium
Select sign-symbolic means to build a model
Make a plan and sequence of actions
Are able (or are developing the ability) to take the initiative in organizing joint action
55
5
Blocks
Blocks. Movable and fixed blocks. Pulley hoists
Solving specific problems – comprehension, concretization and development of knowledge and judgment
They study the conditions of equilibrium of movable and stationary blocks, suggest ways to use them, and give examples of application
They put forward and justify hypotheses and suggest ways to test them.
Compare the method and result of their actions with a given standard, detect deviations and differences
Are able (or are developing the ability) to take the initiative in organizing joint action
56
6
The "Golden Rule" of Mechanics
Use of simple mechanisms. Equality of work, the "golden rule" of mechanics
Calculate the work performed using mechanisms and determine the “gain”
Able to draw consequences from the data available in the problem statement
Formulate a cognitive goal and build actions in accordance with it
Describe the content of the actions performed in order to orient the subject-practical or other activities
57
7
Efficiency
Efficiency. Efficiency of an inclined plane, block, pulley. Laboratory work No. 11
"Determination of efficiency when lifting a body along an inclined plane"
Solving specific problems – comprehension, concretization and development of knowledge and judgment
The efficiency of the inclined plane is measured. Calculate the efficiency of simple mechanisms
Analyze the object, highlighting essential and non-essential features
Work in a group, establish working relationships, learn to collaborate effectively
58
8
Energy. Kinetic and potential energy
Energy. Energy units. Kinetic and potential energy. Formulas for calculating energy
Solving a learning problem – search and discovery of a new way of action
Calculate body energy
Identifies quantitative characteristics of objects specified in words
Accept and maintain a cognitive goal when performing educational activities
Enter into dialogue, participate in collective discussion of problems, learn to master monologue and dialogic forms of speech
59
9
Energy Conversions
Conversion of one type of mechanical energy into another. Work is a measure of change in energy. Law of energy conservation
Solving specific problems – comprehension, concretization and development of knowledge and judgment
Compare changes in kinetic and potential energy of a body during movement
Build logical chains of reasoning. Establish cause-and-effect relationships
They set a learning task based on the correlation of what is already known and what is still unknown
Adequately use verbal means to discuss and argue their position
60
10
Solving problems on the topic "Work and power. Energy"
Calculation of kinetic, potential and total mechanical energy of a body. Determination of perfect work and power
Integrated application of ZUN and CUD
Measure perfect work, calculate power, efficiency and change in mechanical energy of the body
Analyze methods for solving a problem from the point of view of their rationality and efficiency
They highlight and realize what has already been learned and what still needs to be learned, they are aware of the quality and level of assimilation
Establish working relationships, learn to collaborate effectively and promote productive cooperation
61
11
Work and power. Energy
Calculation of the work done by various mechanisms, the power produced and the amount of energy converted from one type to another
Generalization and systematization of knowledge
They work with a “knowledge map”. Identify gaps in knowledge, determine the causes of errors and difficulties and eliminate them
Structure knowledge. They distinguish objects and processes from the point of view of the whole and parts. Able to choose generalized strategies for solving a problem
They highlight and realize what has already been learned and what still needs to be learned, they are aware of the quality and level of assimilation
Communicate and interact with partners for joint activities or exchange of information
62
12
Test on the topic "Work and power. Energy"
Simple mechanisms. Kinetic, potential and total mechanical energy. Mechanical work and power. Efficiency
Control
Demonstrate the ability to solve problems on the topic "Work and power. Energy"
Select the most effective ways to solve a problem depending on specific conditions
Describe the content of the actions performed
Personal results of mastering the topic : conviction in the possibility of knowing nature, in the need for wise use of the achievements of science and technology for the further development of human society, respect for the creators of science and technology, attitude towards physics as an element of universal human culture; independence in acquiring new knowledge and practical skills; the formation of value relationships towards each other, the teacher, the authors of discoveries and inventions, and learning outcomes; knowledge of the basic principles and rules of attitude towards nature; knowledge of emergency procedures
Reflexive phase
Generalizing repetition
6 hours
63
1
Physics and the world we live in
Initial information about the structure of matter.
Independently create activity algorithms when solving problems of a creative and exploratory nature
They highlight and realize what has already been learned and what still needs to be learned, they are aware of the quality and level of assimilation
Show respectful attitude to partners, attention to the personality of the other, adequate interpersonal perception
64
2
Physics and the world we live in
Generalization and systematization of knowledge. Control and correction
They work with a “knowledge map”. Discuss problems that require complex application learned ZUN and COURT
Analyze methods for solving problems from the point of view of their rationality and efficiency. Structure knowledge
Make adjustments and additions to their method of action in the event of a discrepancy between the standard, the actual action and its product
Show a willingness to adequately respond to the needs of others, provide assistance and emotional support to partners
65
3
Final test
Initial information about the structure of matter. Movement and interaction. Strength. Pressure of solids, liquids and gases. Energy. Job. Power
Control
Demonstrate the ability to solve problems in basic and higher level difficulties
They are able to draw consequences from the data available in the problem statement. Choose the most effective ways to solve problems
Evaluate the achieved result. Realize the quality and level of learning
Describe the content of the actions performed in order to orient the subject-practical or other activities
66
4
"I know I can..."
Movement and interaction. Strength. Pressure of solids, liquids and gases. Energy. Job. Power
Long-form assessment – self-control and self-esteem
Assess the results achieved. Determine the reasons for success and failure
Consciously and voluntarily construct speech statements in oral and written form
They highlight and realize what has already been learned and what still needs to be learned, they are aware of the quality and level of assimilation
Use adequate language to express their feelings, thoughts and motivations
67
5
"At the dawn of time..."
Movement and interaction. Strength. Pressure of solids, liquids and gases. Energy. Job. Power
Long-form assessment – public knowledge review
Demonstrate the results of project activities (reports, messages, presentations, creative reports)
Consciously and voluntarily construct speech statements in oral and written form
Evaluate the achieved result. Realize the quality and level of learning
68
6
"At the dawn of time..."
Movement and interaction. Strength. Pressure of solids, liquids and gases. Energy. Job. Power
Long-form assessment – public knowledge review
Demonstrate the results of project activities (reports, messages, presentations, creative reports)
Consciously and voluntarily construct speech statements in oral and written form
Evaluate the achieved result. Realize the quality and level of learning
Adhere to moral, ethical and psychological principles of communication and cooperation
Personal results of mastering the course : formation of cognitive interests, intellectual and creative abilities of students; conviction in the possibility of knowing nature, in the need for wise use of the achievements of science and technology for the further development of human society, respect for the creators of science and technology, attitude towards physics as an element of universal human culture; independence in acquiring new knowledge and practical skills; formation of value relations towards each other, the teacher, authors of discoveries and inventions, learning outcomes
Aimed at teachers working both with A.V.’s textbook. Peryshkin (M.: Bustard), and with the textbook by S.V. Gromova, N.A. Motherland (M.: Prosveshcheniye) and contain the entire required material for the full implementation of physics lessons in the 7th grade of secondary schools. Except basic options lessons are provided with additional ones (games, quiz lessons) that will help diversify the material, especially in humanities classes, as well as tasks for ingenuity, crosswords, test tasks. The manual will be necessary for beginning teachers and useful for experienced teachers. Compliant modern requirements methods and didactics.
What does physics study?
Lesson objectives: to introduce students to a new subject of the school course; determine the place of physics as a science; teach to distinguish between physical phenomena and bodies, physical quantities and their units, methods of studying physics.
Equipment: portraits of famous physicists, pictures, photographs. Rulers made of wood, plastic, iron; thermometer; stopwatch; weight on a string, etc.
During the classes.
General recommendations: the first physics lesson in the 7th grade should be structured in the form of a lecture, where the teacher not only talks about physics as a science, but also involves students in discussing issues with which they are indirectly familiar.
Introducing students to the world of physics, it should be noted that the role of this science in our lives is very difficult to overestimate, since it is necessary for engineers, builders, doctors and many other specialists.
I. Learning new material.
There are various objects around us: tables, chairs, blackboards, books, notebooks, pencils. In physics, every object is called a physical body. Therefore, a table, a chair, a book, a pencil are physical bodies. The Earth, Moon, Sun are also physical bodies.
In nature, changes occur with physical bodies. For example, in winter, water hardens and turns into ice. In spring, snow and ice melt and turn into water. Water boils and turns into steam. The steam cools and turns into water.
The Earth and other planets move around the Sun. The sun and all celestial bodies move in outer space. All these changes are called physical phenomena.
Physics is the science of physical phenomena of nature.
Physics studies the world in which we live, the phenomena that occur in it, discovers the laws that these phenomena obey, and how they are interconnected. Among the wide variety of phenomena in nature, physical phenomena occupy a special place.
Table of contents
From the author 3
Basic requirements for students' knowledge and skills 5
Introduction 7
Lesson 1. What does physics study 7
Lesson option 1. Lesson-game “What is physics?” 12
Lesson 2. Physical quantities and their measurement 14
Lesson option 2. Why do we measure? 20
Initial information about the structure of matter 24
Lesson 3. Structure of matter. Molecules 24
Lesson option 3. From experimental facts to scientific hypothesis 29
Lesson 4. Laboratory work “Determination of the sizes of small bodies” 33
Lesson 5. Diffusion in gases, liquids and solids 34
Lesson 6. Interaction of molecules 39
Lesson 7. Three states of matter 42
Lesson 8. Test on the topic “Initial information about the structure of matter” 45
Interaction of bodies 47
Lesson 9. Mechanical movement 47
Lesson 10. Speed in mechanical motion 50
Lesson 11. Calculating the path and time of movement 54
Lesson option 11. Blitz tournament 58
Lesson 12. Laboratory work
“Study of Uniform Motion” 60
Lesson option 12. Laboratory work
“Measurement of the period of oscillation of a pendulum.
Study of the dependence of the oscillation period on the length of the thread" 61
Lesson 13. Inertia 62
Lesson 14. Interaction of bodies. Weight 68
Lesson 15. Laboratory work “Measuring body weight on lever scales” 72
Lesson 16. Density of matter 73
Lesson 17. Laboratory work “Measuring body volume” 77
Lesson 18. Laboratory work “Determination of the density of a solid” 78
Lesson 19. Calculation of body mass and volume 79
Lesson 20. Solving problems. Preparing for the test 83
Lesson option 20. Lesson-game on the topic
“Movement and interaction of bodies” 86
Lesson 21. Test on the topic: “Mechanical motion. Body mass. Density of matter" 88
Lesson 22. Power 91
Lesson 23. The phenomenon of gravity. Gravity force 92
Lesson 24. Elastic force. Hooke's Law 95
Lesson 25. Laboratory work “Hooke's Law” 98
Lesson 26. Dynamometer. Body weight 99
Lesson 27. Laboratory work “Measuring force using a dynamometer” 102
Lesson 28. Resultant force 102
Lesson 29. Friction force 105
Lesson option 29. Friction force in nature and technology 108
Lesson 30. Laboratory work. Sliding friction force measurement 110
Lesson 31. Test 112
Lesson option 31. Types of forces. Systematization of knowledge 114
Lesson-evening “A heart dedicated to science” 117
Pressure of solids, liquids and gases 121
Lesson 32. Pressure and pressure force 121
Lesson 33. Pressure in nature and technology 124
Lesson 34. Gas pressure 125
Lesson 35. Pascal's Law 128
Lesson 36. Hydrostatic pressure 130
Lesson 37. Solving problems 131
Lesson 38. Communicating vessels 133
Lesson 39. Atmosphere and atmospheric pressure 138
Lesson 40. Measuring atmospheric pressure.
Torricelli experiment 143
Lesson 41. Aneroid barometer 146
Lesson 42. Pressure gauges. The test room worked on the topic “Atmosphere. Atmospheric pressure" 149
Lesson 43. Hydraulic press 151
Lesson 44. Solving problems. Hydrostatic and atmospheric pressure 153
Lesson 45. Plumbing. Piston liquid pump 154
Lesson 46. Test “Hydrostatic and atmospheric pressure” 156
Lesson 47. The action of liquid and gas on a body immersed in them 158
Lesson 48. Archimedes' Law 160
Lesson option 48. Study of Archimedean force 165
Lesson 49. Swimming bodies. Swimming of animals and humans 167
Lesson 50. Sailing ships 172
Lesson option 50. Application of the laws of hydrostatics in technology 174
Lesson 51. Aeronautics 176
Lesson option 51. Lesson-game “Seafarers and Aeronauts” 177
Lesson 52. Preparing for the test. Problem solving 181
Lesson Option 52. “Knowledge Review” 182
Second version of lesson 52. Game lesson 184
Lesson 53. Laboratory work “Measurement of buoyancy (Archimedean) force” 187
Lesson option 53. Multi-level laboratory work “Study of Archimedean force” 188
Lesson 54. Test on the topic: “The Power of Archimedes. Swimming bodies" 192
Lesson option 54.
Lesson-competition for smart people and smart girls “Pressure” 196
Work and power. Energy 202
Lesson 55. Mechanical work 202
Lesson 56. Power 203
Lesson 57. Solving problems 205
Lesson 58. Simple mechanisms. Lever 208
Lesson 59. Rule of Moments 211
Lesson 60. Solving problems. Laboratory work “Finding out the equilibrium conditions of a lever” 213
Lesson 61. Block 214
Lesson 62. Simple mechanisms, their application 216
Lesson 63. Efficiency 220
Lesson option 63. Efficiency 223
Lesson 64. Laboratory work “Determination of the efficiency of an inclined plane” 225
Lesson 65. Kinetic and potential energy 226
Lesson 66. Transformation of energies 228
Lesson 67. Test 231
Lesson Option 67. Lesson-KVN 234
Lesson 68. Final for the studied course 237
Lesson Option 68. Blitz tournament “Physics in Wildlife” 239
Second version of lesson 68
Solving experimental problems 245
Lesson developments for the SV textbook. Gromov and N.A. Homeland 248
Lesson 1. Introductory. What does physics study 248
Lesson 2. Some physical terms. Observations and experiments 248
Lesson 3. Physical quantities and their measurement 251
Lesson 4. Solving problems 253
Lesson 5. Laboratory work “Measuring the volume of liquid using a measuring cylinder” 255
Lesson 6. Mechanical movement 255
Lesson 7. Speed in mechanical motion 255
Lesson 8. Calculation of path and time of movement 255
Lesson 9. Inertia 255
Lesson 10. Interaction of bodies. Weight 255
Lesson 11. Laboratory work “Measuring body weight on lever scales” 256
Lesson 12. Density of matter 256
Lesson 13. Laboratory work “Determination of the density of a solid” 256
Lesson 14. Calculation of body mass and volume 256
Lesson 15. Solving problems. Preparing for the test 256
Lesson 16. Test on the topic: “Mechanical motion. Body mass. Density of matter" 256
Lesson 17. Power 257
Lesson 18. The phenomenon of gravity. Gravity 257
Lesson 19. Resultant force 257
Lesson 20. Elastic force. Hooke's Law 257
Lesson 21. Dynamometer. Body weight 257
Lesson 22. Friction force 257
Lesson 23. Laboratory work “Measuring force using a dynamometer” 257
Lesson 24. Test 258
Work and power 258
Lesson 25. Mechanical work 258
Lesson 26. Power 258
Lesson 27. Solving problems 258
Lesson 28. Simple mechanisms. Lever 258
Lesson 29. Rule of Moments 258
Lesson 30. Solving problems. Laboratory work “Finding out the equilibrium conditions of a lever” 259
Lesson 31. Block 259
Lesson 32. Simple mechanisms, their application 259
Lesson 33. Efficiency 259
Lesson 34. Laboratory work “Determination of the efficiency of an inclined plane” 259
Lesson 35. Test 260
Structure of matter 260
Lesson 36. Structure of matter 260
Lesson 37. Molecules and atoms. Laboratory work “Determination of the sizes of small bodies” 260
Lesson 38. Diffusion in gases, liquids and solids 260
Lesson 39. Interaction of molecules 260
Lesson 40. Wetting and capillarity 260
Lesson 41. Aggregate states of matter 263
Lesson 42. Structure of solids, liquids and gaseous bodies 263
Lesson 43. General lesson on the topic “Initial information about the structure of matter” 265
Pressure of solids, liquids and gases 265
Lesson 44. Pressure and pressure force 265
Lesson 45. Pressure in nature and technology 265
Lesson 46. Gas pressure 265
Lesson 47. Using compressed air 265
Lesson 48. Pascal's Law 267
Lesson 49. Hydrostatic pressure. Test work on the topic “Pressure” 267
Lesson 50. Pressure at the bottom of seas and oceans. Exploration of the deep sea 267
Lesson 51. Solving problems 268
Lesson 52. Communicating vessels 268
Lesson 53. Atmosphere and atmospheric pressure 268
Lesson 54. Measuring atmospheric pressure. Torricelli experience 268
Lesson 55. Aneroid barometer 268
Lesson 56. Solving problems 269
Lesson 57. Pressure gauges. The test room worked on the topic “Atmosphere. Atmospheric pressure" 269
Lesson 58. Plumbing. Piston Liquid Pump 269
Lesson 59. Hydraulic press 269
Lesson 60. The action of liquid and gas on a body immersed in them 269
Lesson 61. Archimedes' Law 269
Lesson 62. Laboratory work
“Measurement of buoyant (Archimedean) force” 270
Lesson 63. Preparing for the test. Problem solving 270
Lesson 64. Test
Lesson planning
Item : PHYSICS number of hours : 2 hours per week Class: 7
Subject,
number of hours
№ lesson
date
Lesson topic
Basic Concepts
Homework
Adjustment
Demonstrations and experiments
Physics and physical methods of studying nature/4 hours/
Physics - science about nature. Observation and description of physical phenomena. Physical experiment. Modeling of natural phenomena and objects. Measurement of physical quantities. Measurement errors. International system of units. Physical laws and limits of their applicability. The role of physics in the formation of the scientific picture of the world.
Initial information about the structure of matter./6 hours/. Thermal phenomena
Structure of matter. Thermal movement of atoms and molecules. Brownian motion. Diffusion. Interaction of particles of matter. Models of the structure of gases, liquids and solids. Thermal equilibrium.
Introduction
4 hours
Introductory safety briefing No. 1
Physics is the science of nature.
Observations and descriptions of physical phenomena
NRC Physical phenomena occurring in the environment of Chelyabinsk
Matter, body,
substance, field, physical phenomenon, observation, experiment, hypothesis, value, division value, error.
P. 1.2 No. 1-4.6
Demonstration examples of mechanical, electrical, thermal, magnetic and light phenomena.
Demonstration and laboratory measuring instruments. L/r No. 1
Physical devices.
measurement error.
P. 3.4 No. 32, 34
Physical devices
Physical quantities and their measurement. International system of units. Accuracy and measurement error. The role of mathematics in the development of physics. Physics and technology.
Physics and the development of ideas about the material world.
P. 5 No. 36-39, l/r 1
L/r No. 1. “Determination of the division price of a measuring device” Instruction on safety.
P.6
Initial information about the structure of matter.
6 hours.
Structure of matter.
Thermal movement of atoms and molecules.
Molecule, atom, diffusion, Brownian motion, temperature, wetting, capillarity, state of aggregation of matter, crystal lattice.
P. 7.8
L/r No. 2“Measuring the sizes of small bodies” Instruction on TB.
P. 9 rear 2 No. 41, 42
Brownian motion.
Diffusion. Thermal movement.
Thermal equilibrium. Temperature and its measurement.
Relationship between temperature and average speed thermal chaotic movement of particles.
L.O. No. 1
Temperature measurement.
Dependence of diffusion on temperature. NRC The influence of emissions from industrial enterprises on the life of Lake Smolino.
P. 10 No. 65, 68
Models of atoms and molecules, tables.
Model Brownian motion, chaotic movement. Diffusion in gases
Demonstration lead cylinder clutch
Demonstration compressibility of gases, preservation of liquid volume when changing the shape of the vessel
Interaction of particles of matter. Mutual attraction and repulsion of molecules.
NRC The phenomenon of non-wetting of the plumage of waterfowl with water and wetting with oil.
Models of the structure of gases, liquids and solids and an explanation of the properties of matter based on these models.
Repeatedly - generalizing lesson on the topic “Initial information about the structure of matter”
repetition
Know/understand meaning of concepts : physical phenomenon, physical law, substance; meaning of concepts : physical law, atom;
meaning of physical quantities : internal energy, temperature
Be able to: : distances;
realize independent search information natural scientific content using various sources (educational texts, reference and popular science publications, computer databases, Internet resources), its processing and presentation in different forms (verbally, using graphs, mathematical symbols, drawings and block diagrams). : diffusion;
use physical instruments and measuring instruments to measure physical quantities : distances;
Use acquired knowledge and skills in practical activities and everyday life for: ensuring safety during use Vehicle
Mechanical phenomena:/57 hours / Mechanical movement. Frame of reference and relativity of motion. Path. Speed. Inertia. Interaction of bodies. Weight. Density. Force. Addition of forces. Elastic force. Friction force. Gravity. Body weight Pressure.
Atmosphere pressure. Pascal's law. Hydraulic machines Archimedes' law. Sailing conditions Job. Power. Simple mechanisms. Efficiency.Conditions for equilibrium of bodies.
Interaction of bodies
Mechanical movement.
Relativity of motion.
Reference system. Trajectory. Path. Rectilinear uniform and uneven movement.
Mechanical motion, reference body, reference system, material point, trajectory, path, uniform and uneven movement, speed, average speed.
P.13 exercise 3
Demonstration examples of fur. motion, relativity of motion.
Demonstration uniform rectilinear motion
Demonstration inertia phenomena
Laboratory equipment according to the instructions.
Collections of problems
Didactic materials: collections of educational and developmental tasks on the topic
Speed of uniform linear motion.
Units of speed.
P. 14, 15 exercise 4
Methods for measuring distance, time and speed.
L.O. No. 2 Study of the dependence of the path on time during uniform motion.
P.16.control 5
Solving problems on path and speed graphs, average speed The phenomenon of inertia. Manifestation of inertia in everyday life and technology.
P.17
Interaction of bodies.
NRC“Traffic safety when crossing streets in the city of Chelyabinsk”
P.17
Body mass. Units of mass. Measuring body weight using scales
NRC Accidents involving cars and trucks
P.18, 19
Measuring the mass and volume of bodies. L/r No. 3“Measuring body weight on lever scales” L/r№4“Measuring body volume” Instruction on TB
Inertia, mass, volume, density
P.20
Density of matter.
P.21, exercise 7
Methods for measuring mass and density. Solving problems on calculating the mass and volume of a body based on its density
№ 205, 207,216
Repetition and generalization of questions “Movement. Density."
L/r No. 5"Determination of solid density"
№ 13-22, 216, 220, 225
K/R No. 1 "Mechanical movement. Body mass. Density of matter"
22(12)
Analysis of test work. Force. The phenomenon of gravity.
Force, gravity, gravitational force, elastic force, body weight, friction force, deformation of bodies. Resultant of forces.
P.23 No. 296, 300
Demonstration interactions of forces, addition of forces, free fall bodies, the dependence of the elastic force on the deformation of the spring.
CMM
23(13)
Gravity.
L.O. No. 3 Study of the dependence of gravity on body weight
P. 24 No. 311, 305,
24(14)
Elastic force. Elastic deformation. Hooke's law.
L.O. No. 4 Study of the dependence of the elastic force on the elongation of the spring.
Measuring spring stiffness.
P.25
25(15)
Body weight. Weightlessness. Geocentric and heliocentric system peace Problem solving.
P. 26, 27 exercise 9
26,27
(16,17)
Units of force.
The relationship between gravity and body mass (weight).
P. 28 No. 333, 340 exercise 10
28(18)
Methods for measuring force.
Dynamometer. And safety training
Laboratory work No. 6
"Graduation of a spring and measurement of forces with a dynamometer"
№ 350-353
29(19)
Graphic image strength. Rule of addition of forces.
P. 29, 356, 361, 364,368
30(20)
Friction. Friction force.
Sliding and rolling friction. Rest friction. Friction in nature and technology. Bearings.
L.O. No. 5 Study of sliding friction force. Measuring the coefficient of sliding friction.
P. 30, 31 No. 400. 405, 407
31(21)
S/R“Summary of forces. Graphic representation of forces” Friction force. Rest and rolling friction.
NRC The role of friction forces in industry
Chelyabinsk"
№ 302, 315, 323, 354, 390
32(22)
K/R No. 2“Forces are in nature. Resultant of forces"
P. 32
Know : meaning of concepts :
meaning of physical quantities : path, speed, mass, density, force;
meaning of physical laws: universal gravity.
Be able to :describe and explain physical phenomena : uniform linear motion;
use physical instruments and measuring instruments to measure physical quantities : distance, period of time, mass, force;
present measurement results using tables, graphs and identify empirical dependencies on this basis: paths from time;
express the results of measurements and calculations in units of the International System;
give examples practical use physical knowledge about mechanical phenomena;
solve problems using the studied physical laws.
Use: ensuring safety during the use of vehicles.
Pressure. Atmosphere pressure. Pascal's law. Hydraulic machines. Archimedes' law. Sailing conditions.
Pressure of solids, liquids and gases
33(1)
Test analysis
Pressure. Pressure of solids.
Pressure units NRC Construction of bridges and buildings in Chelyabinsk Methods of reducing and increasing pressure.
Solid pressure, gas pressure, hydrostatic pressure.
Communicating vessels.
P.33, 34 exercise 12
Demonstration TV pressure dependence bodies for support.
Demonstration phenomena explained by the existence of pressure in liquids and gases.
Demonstration Pascal's law
Demonstration communicating vessels, fountain models, visual aids
Collections of problems
CMM
34(2)
Gas pressure.
Explanation of gas pressure based on molecular kinetic concepts.
P35, exercise 13
35(3)
Transmission of pressure by liquids and gases. Pascal's law.
Clause 36 exercise 14 clause 4 /for additional reading/
36(4)
Pressure in liquid and gas. Calculation of pressure on the bottom and walls of the vessel.
P.37, 38 exercise 15
37 (5)
Solving calculation problems hydrostatic pressure. Communicating vessels. Gateways. (Water pipes)
№ 425, 429, 431
38 (6)
Communicating vessels.
NRC Disturbance of natural balance during the construction of canals and reservoirs in Chelyab. region, Decrease in fresh water reserves.
P.39 exercise 16 back 9
39(7)
Solving problems for calculating the pressure of solids, liquids and gases.
P 33-39 turn. 361, 367, 437, 452
40 (8)
K/r No. 3“Pressure of solids, liquids and gases”
41(9)
Test analysis
Air weight.
Atmosphere pressure. Pressure measurement methods.
NRC Changes in the composition of the atmosphere under the influence of anthropogenic factors.
Air weight, atmosphere, atmospheric pressure. p.45
P.40, 41 exercise 17
Measurement atmospheric pressure with an aneroid barometer
Demonstration various types of pressure gauges.
Hydraulic Press
42(10)
Change in atmospheric pressure. Torricelli's experience.
P.42-44 exercise 19
43(11)
Barometer - aneroid.
Change in atmospheric pressure with altitude.
P.45
44(12)
Pressure gauges. Piston liquid pump.
P.46 exercise 22
45(13)
Hydraulic press Hydraulic machines
P.47 exercise 23
46 (14)
Solving problems "Hydraulic machines"
410, 412. 415
47(15)
The action of liquid and gas on a body immersed in them. L/r No. 7“Measurement of the buoyant force acting on a body immersed in a liquid. Safety training
Buoyancy force, floating of bodies, draft, waterline, lifting force of a balloon.
P.48 No. 516-518
Demonstration Archimedes' law
Models of ships, floating bodies made of metal
Collections of problems
CMM “Pressure of solids, liquids and gases”
CMM
48,49
(16,17)
Archimedes' power. Archimedes' problem
L.O. No. 6 Measuring Archimedean force
P.49 exercise 24
50(18)
Floating bodies L/R No. 8“Finding out the conditions for floating bodies in liquid” Safety instructions
P.50 exercise 25
51 (19)
Sailing of ships. Aeronautics. NRC“The contribution of Aeroflot to the process of destruction of the ozone layer of the atmosphere; use of balloons.
P.51, 52 exercise 26
52 (20)
Solving problems involving floating bodies
№ 556, 542, 561
53(21)
Repeatedly generalizing lesson on the topic “Archimedes’ power. Floating bodies"
P 48-52 turn. 554, 555, 557
54(21)
K/R№ 4 “Archimedes’ power. Floating bodies"
Pressure
Know: meaning of concepts : physical law, interaction;
meaning of physical quantities : pressure;
meaning of physical laws : Pascal, Archimedes.
Be able to: describe and explain physical phenomena: transmission of pressure by liquids and gases, floating of bodies;
use physical instruments and measuring instruments to measure physical quantities : force, pressure;
express the results of measurements and calculations in units of the International System.
monitoring the serviceability of water supply, plumbing and gas appliances in the apartment.
Work and power. Energy.
Job. Power. Simple mechanisms. Efficiency . Conditions for lever equilibrium. Kinetic energy. Potential energy of interacting bodies. Law of conservation of mechanical energy.
Work and power.
Energy.
55(1)
Test analysis
Mechanical work. Units of work.
Mechanical work, power, simple mechanism, lever, block, gate, inclined plane
Torque, efficiency, energy, types of energy, energy conversion.
P 53, exercise 28
Demonstration mechanical work.
Demonstration simple mechanisms
Lever action.
Demonstration finding the center of gravity flat body
Movable and fixed blocks, pulley blocks.
Collections of problems
Demonstration changes of energy from one form to another, different pendulums.
CMM
56(2)
Power. Power units. .
P.54, exercise 29
57(3)
Simple mechanisms. Lever arm.
NRC Environmental safety of simple mechanisms.
P.55,56
58(4)
Moment of power.
Equilibrium of bodies with a fixed axis of rotation. Types of balance Center of gravity. Conditions for equilibrium of bodies.
P 57, 623, 627, 632, 641
59(5)
L/R No. 9“Elucidation of the equilibrium condition of a lever.” TB training. Levers in technology, everyday life and nature. Blocks.
P. 58. 59, exercise 30
60,61
(6.7)
"The Golden Rule of Mechanics." Efficiency Problem solving
P 60.61
62(8)
L/R No. 10“Determination of efficiency when lifting a body along an inclined plane.” Safety training
№673, 677, 679
63(9)
Energy. Potential energy of interacting bodies. Kinetic energy of a moving body.
№ 588, 605, 637, 674
64.65
(10,11)
L.O. No. 7 Measurement kinetic energy bodies.
L.O. No. 8 Measuring changes in the potential energy of a body. Problem solving
"Mechanical energy."
P.62, 63 exercise 32
66(12)
Conversion of one type of mechanical energy into another. Energy of rivers and wind. Law of conservation of total mechanical energy.
P. 64 exercise 33
67 (13)
K/R No. 5"Job. Power. Energy. Simple mechanisms"
Work and power.
Know:
.meaning of concepts : physical law, interaction;
meaning of physical quantities : work, power, kinetic energy, potential energy, efficiency;
meaning of physical laws : conservation of momentum and mechanical energy.
Be able to :use physical instruments and measuring instruments to measure physical quantities : distance, period of time, mass;
express the results of measurements and calculations in units of the International System.
Use acquired knowledge and skills in practical activities and everyday life for rational use simple mechanisms.
Repetition
3 hours
68(1)
Test analysis
Repetition: “Initial information about the structure of matter”
Basic concepts of the course
KIM.
69(2,)
Repetition: “Interaction of bodies” “Pressure”
8th grade
Lesson number
date
Lesson topic
8th grade
Basic Concepts
Demonstrations, laboratory experiments
Date adjustment
Homework
Thermal phenomena / 27 h/
Internal energy. Temperature. Heat transfer. Irreversibility of heat transfer processes. Relationship between the temperature of a substance and the chaotic movement of its particles. Amount of heat, specific heat capacity. Law of conservation of energy in thermal processes. Evaporation and condensation. Air humidity. Boiling. Dependence of boiling temperature on pressure. Melting and crystallization. Specific heat of melting and vaporization. Specific heat of combustion. Calculation of the amount of heat during heat transfer. Energy conversion during changes in the state of aggregation of matter. Energy conversion in heat engines. Environmental problems of using thermal machines. Steam turbine. Engine internal combustion. Heat engine efficiency
Thermal movement of atoms and molecules. Temperature and its measurement.
NRC"Changes in air temperature in Chelyabinsk region»
Internal energy.
Temperature.
Heat transfer
Thermal conductivity. Convection. Radiation.
Quantity of heat.
Specific heat.
Fuel energy.
Specific heat of combustion of fuel.
D. Operating principle of the thermometer
Relationship between temperature and the average speed of chaotic motion.
L/o No. 1 Study of changes in cooling water temperatures over time
Internal energy
NRC: Sources of heat. Anthropogenic source heat as a disturbance factor natural balance Chelyab. region
Ways to change the internal energy of bodies.
D. Change in internal energy during work and heat transfer
Thermal conductivity.
D. Thermal conductivity of various materials
Convection.
NRC. Formation of convection currents in the industrial zone of Chelyabinsk
D. Convection in liquids and gases
Radiation. TB training. L/r No. 1“Study of changes in temperature of cooling water over time”
D. Heat transfer by radiation
L/r No. 1
Features of various methods of heat transfer.
NRC Examples of heat transfer to nature and technology Southern Urals.
Clause 1 add. reading
Quantity of heat. Units of heat quantity.
Specific heat.
Calculation of the amount of heat during the heating (cooling) process
TB training.
Laboratory work No. 2"Study of the phenomenon of heat transfer"
D. l/r No. 2
Work report
Safety training
Laboratory work No. 3« Measuring the specific heat capacity of a substance"
L/r No. 3
Work report
Fuel energy. Specific heat of combustion.
NRC. Comparison of the value and environmental friendliness of various types of fuel Pers. region
The law of conservation and transformation of energy in mechanical and thermal processes.
Solving problems “Types of heat transfer”
Collections of problems.
P.7-11 rep.
Aggregate states of matter. Melting and solidification crystalline bodies.
Melting. Crystallization. Specific heat of fusion. Evaporation.
Condensation.
Humidity.
D. Comparison of specific heat capacities various substances
Melting and solidification schedule. Specific heat of fusion.
NRC Environmental aspects foundry
D. Melting and crystallization phenomena
Problem solving.
S/r “Heating and melting of crystalline bodies”
P. 3 additional reading
Evaporation and condensation
Saturated steam.
NRC. Education acid rain in Chelyabinsk and the region.
D. Evaporation phenomenon
Air humidity. Methods for determining humidity
L/o№2"Measurement relative humidity air psychrometer"
Boiling. Specific heat of vaporization and condensation.
D. Boiling water.
D. Constancy of liquid boiling point
Problem solving. Dependence of boiling temperature on pressure.
Collections of problems
repetition
Work of gas and steam. Operating principles of heat engines. ICE.
D. Four-stroke internal combustion engine device
L/o No. 3 Study of the dependence of gas volume on pressure at constant temperature
Steam turbine. Heat engine efficiency.
NRC"Polzunov Ivan Ivanovich."
D. Steam turbine design
Problem solving. Preparation for the test.
NRC"Heat engines and environment native land»
Test No. 1 on the topic "Thermal processes"
cards
Test analysis
Explanation of the principle of operation and structure of the refrigerator. Irreversibility of thermal processes.
Abstract
Jet engine
abstract
Know and explain the hypothesis of the discrete structure of matter.
Internal energy, temperature, heat transfer, amount of heat, specific heat,
melting, evaporation and boiling, air humidity. Know the calculation formulas:
Q =cm (t 2 0 -t 1 0)
Q = λ m
Q =Lm
Determine energy conversions in internal combustion engines, heat engines, and refrigeration units.
Be able to retell the textbook text, find main idea and answers to questions asked
Define table values; present measurement results in the form of tables
Solve typical calculations and graphic tasks to describe the processes of heating, cooling, melting, boiling.
Explain the processes of evaporation and melting of matter; cooling of a liquid during its evaporation, using the basic principles of MKT.
Measure body temperature.
Assemble experimental installations according to the description or drawing.
Ensure safety when using gas appliances in the apartment
Electrical phenomena/3h+ 20h/
Electric charge. Interaction of charges. Two types of electric charges. . Electric field. The effect of an electric field on a person. Conductors, dielectrics and semiconductors. Capacitor. Electric field energy of a capacitor.
Constant electric current. DC power supplies. Action electric current. Current strength. Voltage. Electrical resistance. Electrical circuit. Ohm's law for a section of a circuit. Serial and parallel connection. Work and power of the electric field. Joule-Lenz law. Electric charge carriers in metals, electrolytes and gases. Semiconductor devices.
Electrification of bodies. Two types of electric charges.
Electric charge.
Dielectrics.
Conductors.
Non-conductors.
Electric field.
D. Electrification of bodies.
D. Two types of electric charges.
L/o No. 4 Observation electrical interaction
Interaction of charges. Electroscope.
D. The structure and operation of an electroscope.
D. Transfer of electric charge from one body to another
Conductors, dielectrics, semiconductors. Electric field.
D. Conductors, insulators
Quantum phenomena/6 hours/
Rutherford's experiments. Planetary model atom. Line optical spectra. Absorption and emission of light by atoms. Compound atomic nucleus. Charge and mass number.
Divisibility of electric charge.
Electrification of bodies.
The structure of the atom.
Law of conservation of electric charge
The structure of the atom. Planetary model of the atom.
Composition of the atomic nucleus.
Charge and mass numbers. Law of conservation of electric charge.
D. Law of conservation of electric charge
Explanation of electrification of bodies. NRC Application of electrification in production in the Chelyabinsk region.
D. Electrification through influence
Charge carriers in metals, electrolytes, semiconductors S/r"The structure of the atom. Electrification of bodies"
Collections of problems
P. 28-31 rep.
Know and define the concepts:
atom, elementary particles, charge carriers. Know the law of conservation of electric charge.
Explain electrification of bodies using
planetary model of atoms
Electrical phenomena /continued / 20 hours.
The concept of electric current.
Electricity.
Sources of electric current
NRC The use of electric currents in medicine in the Chelyabinsk region.
D. DC power supplies
Actions of electric current Electric circuit and its components.
D. Drawing up electrical circuits
Electric current in metals. Current direction
Current strength. Voltage. Resistance. Resistivity.
Ohm's law.
D. Electric current in semiconductors
Current strength. Units of current.
D. current measurement
Ammeter. Safety training
Laboratory work No. 4“Assembling an electrical circuit and measuring the current in its various sections”
L/r No. 4
Voltage. Units of voltage. Voltmeter.
D. measuring voltage with a voltmeter
TB instructions
Laboratory work No. 5“Voltage measurement in different parts of the circuit”
L/r No. 5
Resistance. Units of resistance.
L/o No. 5 Study of the dependence of current on voltage at constant resistance
Ohm's law for a section of a circuit.
L/o No. 6 Study of the dependence of current on resistance at constant voltage
Calculation of conductor resistance. Resistivity. Semiconductors.
L/o No. 7 Study of the dependence of resistance on length, cross-sectional area and resistivity
P 45 additional clause 4
TB instructions
Laboratory work No. 6“Determination of conductor resistance using an ammeter and voltmeter”
L/R No. 6
Rheostats. TB instructions
Laboratory work No. 7“Current control by rheostat”
L/r No. 7
D. rheostat and resistance magazine
Serial and parallel connections of conductors.
L/o№8"The study of sequential and parallel connection conductors"
Problem solving. "Conductor Connection"
Work of electric current. Power. Joule-Lenz law.
Collections of problems
Work and power of electric current.
TB instructions
Laboratory work No. 8“Measurement of power and current work in an electric lamp”
Instructions
Joule-Lenz law.
Electrical devices. Problem solving. NRC. Use of fuses used in production in the Chelyabinsk region.
P. 53-54 messages
Test No. 3 on the topic "Electrical phenomena"
CMM
Know and define the concepts:
electrification of bodies, electric charge, two types of electric charges, electric field. Know designations and give definitions to quantities:
current, voltage, resistance, resistivity.
Know the formulas:I =q :t R =ρ l /S
Know laws:
Ohm for a section of a circuit, Joule-Lenz law. Be able to retell the textbook text, find the main idea and answers to the questions posed
Define table values; present measurement results in the form of tables, graphs, diagrams.
Gather pilot plants according to description or drawing, diagram. Decide typical calculation problems.
Compare resistance of metal conductors according to graphs of current versus voltage
Provide safety when using electrical appliances in the apartment
Electromagnetic oscillations and waves. /14 hours/
Interaction of magnets. A magnetic field. Interaction of a conductor with current. The effect of a magnetic field on electric charges. Electric motor. Rectilinear propagation, reflection and refraction of light. Ray. Law of light reflection. Flat mirror. Lens. optical instruments. Measurement focal length lenses. The eye is like an optical system. Optical instruments.
Test analysis
Permanent magnets. Earth's magnetic field
Magnets. Magnet interaction
A magnetic field. Interaction of conductors with current. The effect of a magnetic field on electric charges.
Electric motor.
Rectilinear propagation, reflection and refraction of light. Ray. Law of light reflection. Flat mirror.
Optical instruments.
Measuring the focal length of a lens.
L/o№9
Interaction permanent magnets»
A magnetic field. Magnetic field direct and circular current.
NRC Magnetism in the Chelyabinsk region.
D. Magnetic field of current
D. Oersted's experience
L/o №10 "
Electromagnet and electric motor
TB instructions
Laboratory work No. 9“Studying the principle of operation of an electric motor”
l/r No. 9
D. Electric motor device
D. The effect of a magnetic field on a current-carrying conductor
Construction of electrical measuring instruments. Electromagnetic relay.
L/o№11“Studying the principle of relay operation”
Abstract message
Sources of light. Spread of light.
NRC The phenomenon of eclipses in the Chelyabinsk region.
D. Sources of light .
D. Rectilinear propagation of light
L/o No. 12" Study of the phenomenon of light propagation"
Laws of light reflection.
L/o№13“Study of the dependence of the angle of reflection on the angle of incidence of light”
P. 63 work report
Flat mirror
D. Image in flat mirror
L/o№14"Study of image properties in a plane mirror »
Light refraction.
D. Eye model
Lens. Optical power lenses.
Images produced by converging and diverging lenses.
D. Path of rays in a collecting lens
D. Path of rays in a diverging lens
TB instructions
Laboratory work No. 10
“Measuring the focal length of a converging lens”
l/r 10
Dispersion of light.
D. Dispersion white light
D. Producing white light by adding light different colors
L/o No. 15 " Observation of the phenomenon of light dispersion"
Test « Light phenomena»
repetition
Test analysis General repetition
CALENDAR AND THEMATIC PLANNING IN PHYSICS
9th grade (70 hours. 2 hours per week)
date
correct
№lesson/lesson number in topic
Lesson topic; D/z
Practical part
Know
understand
Be able to
Using knowledge and skills in practice
demonstrations
Laboratory experiments
Mechanical phenomena (16 hours). Physical methods of studying nature (2 hours)
Mechanical movement. Relativity of motion. Frame of reference. Trajectory. Path . Uneven movement. Instantaneous speed. Acceleration. Uniformly accelerated motion. Free fall of bodies. Graphs of path and speed versus time.
Uniform movement in a circle. Period and frequency of circulation. Newton's first law... Newton's second law, Newton's third law. Gravity. The law of universal gravitation. Artificial Earth satellites. Body weight. Weightlessness. Geocentric and heliocentric systems of the world. Pulse. law of conservation of momentum. Jet propulsion.
Mechanical vibrations . Period, frequency and amplitude of oscillations. Period of oscillation of a mathematical and spring pendulum.
Mechanical movement. Reference system. Material point.
Know the concepts and explain phenomena: mechanical movement, relativity of motion, reference frame, material point, trajectory, rectilinear motion, interaction of bodies, free fall of bodies, circular motion of bodies, mass, inertia, friction, elastic deformation, momentum, rocket. mechanical vibrations and mechanical waves, period, frequency, amplitude of vibrations , mechanical waves, wavelength, sound.
Know the definitions of quantities and their units of measurement path, speed, acceleration, force, mass, energy, impulse.
Know the laws: Newton's three laws, the law of universal gravitation, the law of conservation of momentum and mechanical energy
Describe the phenomenon of inertia, understand the meaning of Newton's laws.
Describe the reasons for uniform and uniformly accelerated motion. Observe and describe different kinds mechanical vibrations and waves
Describe energy transformations when analyzing oscillations of pendulums
According to schedules determine dependencies between S, υ, α,
F y (l ) F tr (N )
Determine the period, amplitude, frequency from the oscillation graph
Use physical devices for measuring time, distance, forces. To measure period of pendulum oscillation
Express calculation results in SI units
Solve problems using Newton's laws and the laws of conservation of momentum, the law of conservation of mechanical energy
Explain physical phenomena based on various theories buildings solar system.
Explain phenomena nature based on Newton's laws, the law of universal gravitation.
Provide safe use of vehicles
Use knowledge in everyday life to explain sound phenomena, give examples of oscillatory and wave movements in nature and technology.
Rectilinear uneven movement. Instant speed. Acceleration.
D. Uniformly accelerated motion
L/O No. 1“Study of the dependence of the path on time in uniformly accelerated motion”
Displacement is a vector quantity. Actions on vectors. Moving in uniformly accelerated motion.
NRC“Features of vehicle traffic in the Southern Urals”
Graph of speed versus time of movement. Safety training
Laboratory work No. 1“Measurement of acceleration of rectilinear uniformly accelerated motion”
p. 5-8 ex. 6(1.2), 7(2.3)
Relativity of motion. Geocentric and heliocentric systems of the world.
D. Relativity of motion
Newton's laws.
D. Newton's second and third laws
L/O No. 2“Addition of forces directed at an angle”
p10-12 exercise 10(1.2), 11(3.4)
Free fall of bodies.
D. Free fall of bodies in a Newton tube
The law of universal gravitation. Gravity and body weight.
paragraphs 14-15 ex. 14, 15(1,2)
Uniform movement in a circle. Period and frequency of circulation.
D. Speed direction at
uniform circular motion
clause 19 ex. 18(1-4)
Weightlessness. AES.
NRC"The capabilities of satellites in studying natural resources and products of human activity."
D. Weightlessness.
Pulse. Law of conservation of momentum. Jet propulsion.
NRC“Developments of the Aerospace Faculty of SUSU. Activities of the missile center in Miass"
D. Law of conservation of momentum. Jet propulsion
clause 21 exercise 20(3)
Law of conservation of mechanical energy.
D. Change in body energy when doing work .
D. Transformations of mechanical energy.
L/O No. 3 " Measuring the kinetic energy of a body"
"Measurement of changes in potential energy t ate"
clause 23 exercise 22(3-4)
Oscillations. Period, frequency, amplitude of oscillations.
NRC"Movement of children's swings and toys"
D. Mechanical vibrations.
paragraphs 24-25 exercise 23
Problem solving. Safety training
Laboratory work No. 2“Study of the dependence of the period of oscillation on the length of the pendulum thread. L/R No. 3"Measuring the acceleration of free fall using mathematical pendulum»
l/r report
Mechanical waves. Wavelength.
TB instructions
L/R No. 4“Study of the dependence of the period of oscillation of a load on a spring on the mass of the load.”
D. Mechanical waves.
Sound and its characteristics . NRC“The influence of noise and ultrasound on the human body”
D. Sound vibrations.
D. Sound propagation conditions
Problem solving.
repetition of formulas
K/r"Uniformly accelerated motion"
paragraph 36-41 message.
Electrical and magnetic phenomena (5 hours)
Oersted's experience. Magnetic field of current. Interaction of permanent magnets. Ampere power.. Electric motor. Electromagnetic relay
Analysis of test work.
Oersted's experience. Magnetic field of current. Uniform and non-uniform magnetic fields. NRC"Magnetic Mountain"
Know and describe phenomena:
interaction of magnets,
the effect of a magnetic field on a current-carrying conductor and on electric charges
Know the description and schemes of fundamental experiments (Oersted)
Explain interaction of magnets and magnetic field of current
Conduct simple experiments to detect the effect of a magnetic field on a current-carrying conductor
Carry out your own search additional information and process it in various forms.
D. Oersted's experience
paragraphs 42-43 ex. 34(1,2)
Direction of current and direction of magnetic field lines.
D. Magnetic field of current.
The effect of a magnetic field on a current-carrying conductor. Ampere power.
NRC The influence of the magnetic field on human health
D. The effect of a magnetic field on a current-carrying conductor.
Magnetic field induction.
NRC"The use of magnets in medicine."
D. Magnetic field of current
Electromagnetic oscillations and waves (30 hours)
Electromagnetic induction. Faraday's experiments. Lenz's rule. Self-induction. Electric generator. Alternating current. Transformer. Broadcast electrical energy on distance. Oscillatory circuit. Electromagnetic vibrations. Electromagnetic waves and their properties. Speed propagation of electromagnetic waves . The principle of radio communication and television.
Light - electromagnetic wave . Dispersion of light. The influence of electromagnetic radiation on living organisms. Thin lens formula. Optical instruments. The eye as an optical system.
Electromagnetic induction. Faraday's experiments
Know and describe phenomena:
electromagnetic induction, reflection and refraction of light rays, light dispersion
Know ways to get alternating current, name the sources of electrostatic and magnetic fields, properties of electromagnetic waves.
Know the description and schemes of fundamental experiments (Faraday)
Explain device and principle of operation of the generator and electric motor of the transformer, capacitor, oscillatory circuit
Decide typical tasks indicating the units of measurement of the desired quantity
Use knowledge in everyday life to explain the principle of operation of radio communications and television, the principle of operation of optical instruments, spectral devices.
Introduce the structure of the eye, explain the principle of operation of converging and diverging lenses.
D Electromagnetic induction
Laboratory work No. 5"Study of the phenomenon of electromagnetic induction"
l/r report
Lenz's rule
D. Lenz's rule
Self-induction. Inductance.
D. Self-induction
Electric generator. Receiving alternating current
NRC“Use of transformers in the Urals”
D. Obtaining alternating current by rotating a coil in a magnetic field
D. Direct and alternating current generator design
clause 51 exercise 41
Transmission of electricity over a distance
D. Electricity transmission.
paragraph 51 message
Transformer. Transformation coefficient.
TB instructions
L/r No. 6“Studying the principle of operation of a transformer”
D. Transformer device
L/O No. 4 Studying the principle of operation of a transformer
Electromagnetic field
NRC. Application of radio communications in the region, its capabilities. Development of communications in Chelyabinsk.
D. transmission of electrical energy
Electromagnetic waves, their properties. Electromagnetic wave speed NRC“The influence of electromagnetic waves on living organisms”
D. Properties of electromagnetic waves
clause 53 exr. 44 (1)
Capacitor. Electrical capacity.
D. Capacitor device .
L/O No. 5
Study of the magnetic field of a straight conductor and a coil with current
clause 54 exr. 45(1-2)
Problem solving.
cards
Electric field energy of a capacitor
D.. Energy of a charged capacitor
paragraph 54 /part 2/
Problem solving
cards
Oscillatory circuit Electromagnetic oscillations.
D Electromagnetic vibrations
L/O No. 6
Studying the principle of operation of an electromagnetic relay
paragraph 55 exercise 46
Thomson's formula
paragraph 55 problems in the notebook
Semiconductors
D. DC generator device
D. alternator device
L/O No. 7
Studying the effect of a magnetic field on a current-carrying conductor
presentation
Principles of radio communications and television
D. Operating principle of microphone and loudspeaker .
D. Principles of Radio Communication
clause 56 exercise 47
Modulation and detection
p. 56-57 cards
K/r"Electromagnetic oscillations"
Test analysis
Light is an electromagnetic wave
The concept of photons.
paragraph 58 questions
Light refraction. Refractive index of light. TB instructions L/r No. 7"Study of the dependence of the angle of refraction on the angle of incidence."
D. Light refraction
1 part exercise 48
Absolute and relative indicators refraction.
Dispersion of light.
D. White light dispersion
D. Producing white light by adding different colors
L/O No. 8 Observing the phenomenon of light dispersion
Spectra. Spectroscope and spectrograph.
paragraph 62 messages
Lenses. Thin Lens Formula
abstract
Problem solving
cards
The eye is an optical system.
D. Eye model
abstract
Camera
D. Operating principle of the camera
abstract
K/r"Light Phenomena"
repetition
Quantum phenomena (17 hours)
Nuclear forces. Binding energy of atomic nuclei. Radioactivity. Alpha, beta and gamma radiation. Half-life. Methods for recording nuclear radiation. Nuclear reactions . Nuclear fission and fusion. Sources of energy from the Sun and stars. Nuclear energy.
Dosimetry Impact radioactive radiation on living organisms. Environmental work issues nuclear power plants.
Test analysis
Radioactivity. α-β-γ radiation
Know and explain: phenomenon radioactivity, α-, β-, γ-radiation, describe Rutherford’s experiments, the planetary model of the atom and the proton-neutron model of the nucleus.
Know the concepts: atomic nucleus, charge and mass numbers, isotopes, nuclear reactions, binding energy of particles in the nucleus, radiation from stars. Have an understanding of nuclear energy, dosimetry, methods of observing and recording particles
Apply physical knowledge to protect against the effects of radioactive radiation on the human body, assess the safety of background radiation,
Decide standard tasks on drawing up equations of nuclear reactions
Use knowledge in everyday life to explain the effects of radioactive radiation on living organisms when discussing environmental problems arising in connection with the operation of nuclear power plants
D. Rutherford's wholesale model
Rutherford's experiments. Models of atoms. Planetary model of the atom
Discovery of the proton and neutron.
Composition of the atomic nucleus Charge and mass numbers.
clause 71upr 53(1)
Problem solving
p. 70-71 exercise 53 (3-4)
Nuclear forces. Binding energy of atomic nuclei
Mass defect Nuclear reactions.
paragraph 73 summary
Problem solving
cards
K/R"Structure of the atomic nucleus"
Repetition
Test analysis
Fission of uranium nuclei. Half life
NRC“Problems of using nuclear energy in the Chelyabinsk region”
Chain nuclear reaction. Nuclear reactor. Nuclear energy and ecology of the region.
D. Observing particle tracks in a cloud chamber
Dosimetry. Methods for recording nuclear radiation NRC“Consequences of the explosion at the Mayak HC”
D. Design and operation of an ionizing particle counter
paragraph 77 messages
Biological effects of radiation
L/O No. 9 Measuring natural radioactive background with a dosimeter.
Thermonuclear reactions. Sources of energy from the Sun and stars.
Absorption and emission of light
paragraph 79 summary
TB instructions
L/r No. 8"Observation line spectrum emissions"
Final testing
